专题03 阅读理解之推理判断题（练习）-2025年高考英语二轮复习讲练（新高考通用）

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题型一 阅读理解之推理判断---引申推断题
1.（2025·甘肃省陇南市西和县成名中学高三期末）In recent years, the landscape f educatin has been significantly transfrmed by the rise f nline learning. As technlgy cntinues t advance, an increasing number f students are chsing nline curses, leading t a heated debate abut whether nline learning can replace traditinal ffline learning.
Online learning ffers several distinct advantages. Firstly, it prvides remarkable flexibility. Students can access curse materials and lectures at any time and frm anywhere, as lng as they have an internet cnnectin. This is especially beneficial fr thse with busy schedules r thse wh live in remte areas. Fr example, a student wh has a part - time jb can study during their free time withut having t wrry abut cmmuting t a physical classrm. Secndly, nline learning platfrms ften ffer a vast range f curses. Learners can chse frm varius subjects and levels, enabling them t custmize their learning experience accrding t their interests and needs.
Hwever, nline learning als has its drawbacks. One f the main challenges is the lack f face - t - face interactin. Withut direct cmmunicatin with teachers and classmates, students may find it difficult t ask questins immediately and engage in in - depth discussins. Additinally, nline learning requires a high level f self - discipline. In the absence f a physical classrm envirnment, sme students may struggle t stay fcused and mtivated.
On the ther hand, traditinal ffline learning has its wn merits. In a classrm setting, students can have immediate feedback frm teachers. Teachers can bserve students’ reactins, understand their difficulties, and prvide timely guidance. Mrever, the in - persn interactin amng classmates can fster a sense f cmmunity and teamwrk. Grup prjects and class discussins in a physical classrm can enhance students’ cmmunicatin skills and ability t wrk tgether.
Nevertheless, ffline learning is nt withut limitatins. It is restricted by time and space. Students need t attend classes at specific times and lcatins, which can be incnvenient. Fr instance, bad weather r transprtatin prblems may prevent students frm reaching the classrm n time.
In cnclusin, bth nline learning and ffline learning have their wn advantages and disadvantages. Instead f seeing ne as a cmplete replacement fr the ther, we shuld cmbine the tw methds t create a mre effective and cmprehensive learning envirnment.
5．What is the main tpic f the passage?
A．The develpment f nline learning.B．The cmparisn between nline learning and ffline learning.
C．The advantages f ffline learning.D．The challenges f nline learning.
6．Which f the fllwing is an advantage f nline learning?
A．It prvides immediate feedback frm teachers.
B．It ffers a sense f cmmunity and teamwrk.
C．It is highly flexible in terms f time and place.
D．It is nt affected by the internet cnnectin.
7．What des the underlined wrd “drawbacks” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Benefits.B．Disadvantages.C．Features.D．Imprvements.
8．What can be inferred frm the passage?
A．Online learning will cmpletely replace ffline learning in the future.
B．Offline learning is always better than nline learning.
C．We shuld make use f the strengths f bth learning methds.
D．The limitatins f ffline learning can be easily vercme.
【答案】5．B 6．C 7．B 8．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在线学习和线下学习的优势和劣势。
5．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“As technlgy cntinues t advance, an increasing number f students are chsing nline curses, leading t a heated debate abut whether nline learning can replace traditinal ffline learning. (随着科技的不断进步，越来越多的学生选择在线课程，这引发了一场关于在线学习能否取代传统线下学习的激烈辩论。)”和最后一段“In cnclusin, bth nline learning and ffline learning have their wn advantages and disadvantages. Instead f seeing ne as a cmplete replacement fr the ther, we shuld cmbine the tw methds t create a mre effective and cmprehensive learning envirnment. (综上所述，在线学习和离线学习都有各自的优点和缺点。我们不应该把一种方法完全取代另一种方法，而应该把这两种方法结合起来，创造一个更有效、更全面的学习环境。)”可知，文章主要话题是在线学习和线下学习的对比。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“it prvides remarkable flexibility. Students can access curse materials and lectures at any time and frm anywhere, as lng as they have an internet cnnectin. (它提供了非凡的灵活性。学生可以在任何时间、任何地点访问课程材料和讲座，只要他们有互联网连接。)”可知，在线学习的优势是：在时间和地点上具有高度的灵活性。故C项。
7．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“Online learning ffers several distinct advantages. (在线学习有几个明显的优势。)”可知，第二段讲述了在线学习的优点，接着在第三段开头用Hwever进行转折，表明要阐述在线学习不好的方面。drawbacks所在句子后面提到了在线学习缺乏面对面互动、需要高度自律等问题，所以推测drawbacks意思是“缺点，劣势”。A 选项Benefits是 “好处”；C 选项Features是“特点”；B选项Disadvantages是“缺点、劣势”；D选项Imprvements是“改进”。故选B项。
8．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Instead f seeing ne as a cmplete replacement fr the ther, we shuld cmbine the tw methds t create a mre effective and cmprehensive learning envirnment. (我们不应该把一种方法完全取代另一种方法，而应该把这两种方法结合起来，创造一个更有效、更全面的学习环境。)”可知，我们应该利用这两种学习方法的优点。故选C项。
2.（2025·辽宁省东北育才、辽宁省实验中学、大连24中学、大连八中、鞍山一中2024-2025学年高三上学期五校联考期末）Fr the perfect cup f tea, des ne add milk t biling water, r the ppsite? Neither, if new research in the jurnal Current Bilgy is t be believed. What must be prepared first, instead, are the micrbes (微生物) .
Scientists are increasingly aware that the fungi and bacteria living arund a plant's rts can significantly affect its grwth by enhancing the absrptin f critical nutrients like irn and nitrgen. This pssibility f enhanced nitrgen absrptin was particularly fascinating t tea experts Xin Wei and Tang Wenxin at Fujian Agriculture and Frestry University in China because tea plants rely upn nitrgen-rich sil arund their rts t prduce theanine, an amin acid that generates their unique pleasant flavrs. Dr. Xin and Dr. Tang fund that theanine prductin varied widely, even amng similar teas. Sme highly valued lng teas such as Rugui, prduced a lt f the chemical, whereas thers, such as Maxie, prduced less. This difference was particularly bvius in the autumn, when the rts were accumulating theanine.
This brught abut a natural questin. If the micrbe cmmunity fund arund Rugui were transplanted t ther tea plants, might this increase their theanine prductin and, in turn, imprve their flavr? T explre this, the researchers created a cmmunity f micrbes made up f 21 bacterial varieties that resembled the cmmunity fund arund Rugui rts and applied them t the rts f Maxie plants. They reprt this week that this nearly tripled the theanine accumulatin in Maxie leaves. While the time-cnsuming prcess f transfrming leaves int drinkable tea has yet t be cmpleted, the researchers have little dubt that there will be big differences.
Flavrs aside, the Rugui micrbe sample that Dr. Xin and Dr. Tang wrked with has the ptential t make a wider envirnmental impact. Mst farmers, nt just tea grwers, add sme frm f nitrgen t their sil t enhance grwth. While sme f this is absrbed by plants, mst runs ff during heavy rains and ends up plluting natural water bdies. When the researchers applied their micrbial ccktail t sil arund the rts f cress (水芹) plants, which is the lab rat f the btanical wrld, they fund that, just as with Maxie, the newcmers enhanced nitrgen uptake. This suggests that these micrbes have the ptential t create new flavrs while als reducing agricultural pllutin. That shuld be everyne's cup f tea.
23．Which f the fllwing directly determines the flavr f tea?
A．Micrbes.B．Theanine.C．Nitrgen.D．Fungi.
24．What was the primary gal f the experiment mentined in Paragraph 3?
A．T determine the effect f micrbes n tea leaf clr.
B．T increase the caffeine cntent in tea leaves.
C．T enhance theanine prductin in Maxie tea plants.
D．T identify new varieties f tea-prducing bacteria.
25．What can we infer abut the future f tea prductin with the use f micrbes?
A．It is very likely t lead t a significant increase in tea prductin csts.
B．It has the ptential t reduce water pllutin caused by farming.
C．It will replace traditinal methds f grwing tea entirely.
D．Its benefits are limited t certain types f tea plants.
26．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．Tea Science: Micrbes Functining
B．Micrbes’ Rle: Enhancing Tea Prductin
C．Discvering New Micrbe Varieties in Tea Plants
D．Rethinking the impact f Micrbes n Envirnment
【答案】23．B 24．C 25．B 26．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了《当代生物学》的新研究指出，要泡出完美的茶，首要准备的并非水与牛奶的添加顺序，而是微生物。科学家发现植物根部周围的真菌和细菌能通过增强铁、氮等关键营养物质的吸收，显著影响植物生长。中国福建农林大学的茶专家辛伟和唐文鑫关注到，茶树依赖根部富氮土壤产生茶氨酸，以形成独特风味，但不同茶树茶氨酸产量差异大，秋季尤为明显，如肉桂乌龙产量高，毛蟹产量低。
23．细节理解题。根据第二段中“This pssibility f enhanced nitrgen absrptin was particularly fascinating t tea experts Xin Wei and Tang Wenxin at Fujian Agriculture and Frestry University in China because tea plants rely upn nitrgen-rich sil arund their rts t prduce theanine, an amin acid that generates their unique pleasant flavrs. Dr. Xin and Dr. Tang fund that theanine prductin varied widely, even amng similar teas. (中国福建农林大学的茶叶专家辛伟和唐文鑫对这种增强氮吸收的可能性特别感兴趣，因为茶树依靠根部周围富含氮的土壤来产生茶氨酸，这种氨基酸能产生独特的宜人味道。辛博士和唐博士发现，即使在类似的茶中，茶氨酸的含量也存在很大差异。)”可知，茶氨酸直接决定了茶的味道。故选B项。
24．推理判断题。根据第三段中“If the micrbe cmmunity fund arund Rugui were transplanted t ther tea plants, might this increase their theanine prductin and, in turn, imprve their flavr? T explre this, the researchers created a cmmunity f micrbes made up f 21 bacterial varieties that resembled the cmmunity fund arund Rugui rts and applied them t the rts f Maxie plants. They reprt this week that this nearly tripled the theanine accumulatin in Maxie leaves. (如果将肉桂周围发现的微生物群落移植到其他茶树中，是否会增加它们的茶氨酸产量，进而改善它们的风味？为了探索这一点，研究人员创建了一个由21个细菌品种组成的微生物群落，这些细菌品种与肉桂根周围的细菌群落相似，并将它们应用于毛蟹植物的根部。他们本周报告说，这几乎使毛蟹叶中的茶氨酸积累增加了两倍。)”可推知，第三段提到的实验的主要目的是提高毛蟹茶树茶氨酸的产量。故选C项。
25．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“While sme f this is absrbed by plants, mst runs ff during heavy rains and ends up plluting natural water bdies. When the researchers applied their micrbial ccktail t sil arund the rts f cress (水芹) plants, which is the lab rat f the btanical wrld, they fund that, just as with Maxie, the newcmers enhanced nitrgen uptake. This suggests that these micrbes have the ptential t create new flavrs while als reducing agricultural pllutin. (虽然其中一些被植物吸收，但大部分在大雨中流失，最终污染了自然水体。当研究人员将他们的微生物混合物应用于植物界的小白鼠——袍草根部周围的土壤时，他们发现，与毛蟹叶一样，新来者提高了氮的吸收。这表明这些微生物有潜力创造新的风味，同时还能减少农业污染。)”可知，通过使用微生物，我们可以推断出茶叶生产的未来有可能减少农业造成的水污染。故选B项。
26．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Fr the perfect cup f tea, des ne add milk t biling water, r the ppsite? Neither, if new research in the jurnal Current Bilgy is t be believed. What must be prepared first, instead, are the micrbes (微生物). ( 一杯完美的茶，是往开水里加牛奶，还是相反？如果《当代生物学》杂志上的一项新研究可信的话，这两者都不是。相反，首先必须准备的是微生物。)”可知，文章主要讲的是《当代生物学》的新研究指出，要泡出完美的茶，首要准备的并非水与牛奶的添加顺序，而是微生物。科学家发现植物根部周围的真菌和细菌能通过增强铁、氮等关键营养物质的吸收，显著影响植物生长。中国福建农林大学的茶专家辛伟和唐文鑫关注到，茶树依赖根部富氮土壤产生茶氨酸，以形成独特风味，但不同茶树茶氨酸产量差异大，秋季尤为明显，如肉桂乌龙产量高，毛蟹产量低。故这篇文章最好的标题是“茶科学：微生物的功能”。故选A项。
3.（2025·海南省三亚市高三期末）As students and schlars prepare a new academic year, the reliance n cmputers fr nte-taking and paper writing has never been greater. Yunger students, encuraged r even required t bring laptps t class, have raised cncerns amng parents abut distractin and reduced engagement. University prfessrs cmplain a decline in classrm fcus, with students ften multitasking instead f actively listening.
Amng these debates, a line f research shws the lasting benefits f handwriting — an “innvatin” befre cmputers. First, handwriting enhances memry. Putting wrds n paper with a pen r pencil creates muscle and sensry memries, and the arrangement f wrds n a page feed int visual memry: peple might remember a wrd they wrte dwn in French class at the bttm-left n certain page, which enhances learning.
Anther best-demnstrated advantages f handwriting seems t be in effective nte-taking. In a study frm 2014 by Pam Mueller and Danny Oppenheimer, students’ typing wrte dwn almst twice as many wrds exactly frm lectures, suggesting they were nt understanding s much as rapidly cpying the material. Handwriting — which takes lnger fr nearly all university-level students — frces nte-takers t synthesize (综合) and cnvey cncepts in their wn wrds, thus strengthening learning.
Plicymakers have als taken nte f handwriting’s benefits. Half f the states in the USA, have respnded t research advcating fr cntinued handwriting instructin. Sweden advcates fr mre handwriting and fewer electrnic devices, while England authrizes cursive instructin by age seven.
Dr. Virginia Berninger, a psychlgy prfessr at the University f Washingtn, is a lngtime advcate f handwriting while acknwledging its integratin with digital literacy. She highlights research-backed benefits acrss different writing styles — frm manuscript t cursive — and even typing, which aids in cmpsing cherent passages quickly. Advcating ccasinal “tuning up” f handwriting skills thrughut schling and pssibly int adulthd, Berninger maintains that a balanced apprach t writing methds ensures students’ academic and cgnitive develpment.
27．What’s the pssible result f yunger students using laptps in class?
A．Increased engagement.B．Enhanced learning.
C．Declined memry.D．Weakened attentin.
28．What des the underlined wrds “feed int” prbably mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Enhance.B．Cnclude.C．Switch.D．Influence.
29．Which f the fllwing des Berninger agree t d?
A．Replace handwriting with digital skills.
B．Priritize digital skills ver handwriting.
C．Balance handwriting with digital literacy.
D．Teach handwriting nly in early educatin.
30．What des the text mainly fcus n?
A．Handwriting vs. typing in educatin.
B．The decline f handwriting in schls.
C．The benefits f handwriting in learning.
D．Technlgy’s impact n student engagement.
【答案】27．D 28．A 29．C 30．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了随着学生和学者对新学年的准备，对电脑在记笔记和写论文方面的依赖越来越大，但一系列研究表明手写具有持久的好处，如增强记忆、有效记笔记等。
27．推理判断题。根据第一段“Yunger students, encuraged r even required t bring laptps t class, have raised cncerns amng parents abut distractin and reduced engagement. University prfessrs cmplain a decline in classrm fcus, with students ften multitasking instead f actively listening.(鼓励甚至要求年轻学生带笔记本电脑上课，这引起了家长们的担忧，他们担心这会分散注意力，降低参与度。大学教授们抱怨说，课堂上的注意力下降了，学生们经常同时处理多项任务，而不是积极听讲。)”可知，年轻学生在课堂上使用笔记本电脑可能带来的结果是注意力减弱。故选D。
28．词句猜测题。根据下文“peple might remember a wrd they wrte dwn in French class at the bttm-left n certain page, which enhances learning.(人们可能会记住他们在法语课上写在某一页左下角的单词，这会增强学习效果。)”可知，用笔或铅笔把单词写在纸上会创造肌肉和感觉记忆，页面上单词的排列有助于增强视觉记忆，由此可知，“feed int”的意思是“增强”。故选A。
29．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Dr. Virginia Berninger, a psychlgy prfessr at the University f Washingtn, is a lngtime advcate f handwriting while acknwledging its integratin with digital literacy…Berninger maintains that a balanced apprach t writing methds ensures students’ academic and cgnitive develpment.(华盛顿大学心理学教授弗吉尼亚•伯宁格博士长期以来一直倡导手写，同时承认手写与数字素养的结合……伯宁格认为，采用平衡的写作方法可以确保学生的学业和认知发展。)”可知，伯宁格同意平衡手写和数字素养。故选C。
30．主旨大意题。文章第一段提到学生和学者对电脑在记笔记和写论文方面的依赖越来越大，年轻学生在课堂上使用笔记本电脑可能带来注意力减弱的结果，第二段提到一系列研究表明手写具有持久的好处，如增强记忆，第三段提到手写另一个最明显的优势在于有效记笔记，第四段提到政策制定者也注意到了手写的好处，最后一段讲华盛顿大学的心理学教授弗吉尼亚•伯宁格博士长期倡导手写，同时承认手写与数字素养的结合，由此可知，本文主要关注的是手写对学习的好处。故选C。
4.（2025·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三测试）An ambitius plan t genetically engineer a versin f the wlly mammth (长毛猛犸象), a giant that disappeared 4,000 years ag, is making sme prgress. A new bisciences and genetics cmpany, Clsal, has raised $15 millin t create a mammth hybeid that lks exactly like its extinct cunterpart. The gal isn’t t clne a mammth, but t create, thrugh genetic engineering, a living, walking elephant-mammth hybeid.
The scientists revealed they had reprgrammed cells frm an Asian elephant, the wlly mammth’s clsest living relative. These changed cells can grw int any kind f elephant cell. The research team has analyzed the than 50 changes t the genetic cde f the Asian elephant t give it the characteristics it needs t survive and thrive in the Arctic. These characteristics include a 10-centimeter layer f insulating (绝缘的) fat, five different kinds f hair including sme that is up t a meter lng, and smaller ears that will help the hybrid tlerate the cld.
Clssal believes that bringing the wlly mammth back t life culd pssibly help restre the fragile Arctic tundra (冻原) ecsystem, which is at risk as the wrld warms. The cmpany has claimed that mammths, if they shuld return t their natural habitat in the Arctic in sufficient numbers, wuld help slw dwn frzen sil melting. Sme scientists believe that, befre their extinctin, animals such as mammths and hrses kept the earth frzen underneath by walking n the grass, kncking dwn trees and pressing snw tight. One small study in Siberia published in 2021 suggested that the presence f large mammals such as hrses and reindeer resulted in lwer sil temperatures in the prtected area where they were kept cmpared with land utside that area.
Clssal als annunced plans t being sme ther animals back t life such as the Tasmanian tiger in 2023 and the dd in 2024, but its wrk n the mammth has been ging n lngest.
39．What des the underlined wrd “cunterpart” in the first paragraph refer t?
A．Endangered animal.B．Fellw species.
C．Clned elephant.D．Extracted cell.
40．What can we learn abut the hybrid?
A．It is visually similar t the Asian elephant.
B．It can grw int any types f elephant cell.
C．Thick fat and smaller ears help it endure the severe weather.
D．Lng hair like a wlly cat keeps it frm the cld and attacks.
41．Why des the authr mentin the study in Siberia in Paragraph 3?
A．T illustrate the pssibility f reintrducing mammths t their natural habitats.
B．T cmpare different kinds f nature reserves where large mammals were kept.
C．T indicate the link between the extinctin f large mammals and climate change.
D．T shw the ptential impact f returning mammths t the Arctic n the ecsystem.
42．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．The prject n bringing back the mammth csts the mst.
B．The Tasmania tiger and the dd are als lng-dead animals.
C．Clssal needs increased investment t advance the prjects.
D．Clssal is cmpletely cnfident in its technlgy and scientists.
【答案】39．B 40．C 41．D 42．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一家生物科技公司成功创造了猛犸象近亲亚洲象的干细胞，为复活猛犸象迈出重要一步，引发环保和科学界的讨论。
39．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“A new bisciences and genetics cmpany, Clsal, has raised $15 millin t create a mammth hybeid that lks exactly like its extinct cunterpart. The gal isn’t t clne a mammth, but t create, thrugh genetic engineering, a living, walking elephant-mammth hybeid. (一家名为Clsal的新型生物科学和遗传学公司已筹集到1500万美元，用于创造一种看起来与其灭绝的cunterpart一模一样的猛犸象杂交品种。目标不是克隆猛犸象，而是通过基因工程创造一种活生生的、行走的大象-猛犸象杂交品种)”可知，此处指灭绝的猛犸象，cunterpart意为“相对应的人或物”，所以此处指与现在的杂交品种相对应的物种，即“灭绝的猛犸象”，相当于“同类物种”。A. Endangered animal濒危动物；B. Fellw species同类生物；C. Clned elephant克隆大象；D Extracted cell提取的细胞。故选B。
40．细节理解题。根据第二段中“These changed cells can grw int any kind f elephant cell. The research team has analyzed the than 50 changes t the genetic cde f the Asian elephant t give it the characteristics it needs t survive and thrive in the Arctic. These characteristics include a 10-centimeter layer f insulating (绝缘的) fat, five different kinds f hair including sme that is up t a meter lng, and smaller ears that will help the hybrid tlerate the cld. (这些改变的细胞可以生长成任何种类的大象细胞。研究小组分析了亚洲象基因组的50多处变化，使其具有在北极生存和繁衍所需的特征。这些特征包括一层10厘米厚的绝缘脂肪、五种不同的毛发 (其中一些长达一米) 以及较小的耳朵，这将帮助杂交品种抵御寒冷)”可知，杂交品种有10厘米厚的绝缘脂肪和较小的耳朵，这些可以帮助杂交品种忍受恶劣的天气。故选C。
41．推理判断题。根据第三段中“One small study in Siberia published in 2021 suggested that the presence f large mammals such as hrses and reindeer resulted in lwer sil temperatures in the prtected area where they were kept cmpared with land utside that area. (2021年在西伯利亚进行的一项小型研究表明，在保护区内饲养的马和驯鹿等大型哺乳动物的存在，使得该区域的土壤温度比保护区外的土地更低)”可知，提到这项研究是为了说明猛犸象回归北极可能对生态系统产生的潜在影响，例如降低土壤温度、保护冻土层等。故选D。
42．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Clssal als annunced plans t bring sme ther animals back t life such as the Tasmanian tiger in 2023 and the dd in 2024, but its wrk n the mammth has been ging n lngest. (Clssal公司还宣布计划于2023年复活塔斯马尼亚虎，于2024年复活渡渡鸟，不过其关于猛犸象的研究开展得最早)”可推知，塔斯马尼亚虎和渡渡鸟也是早已灭绝的动物。故选B。
题型二 阅读理解之推理判断---写作目的和意图题
1.（2025·广东省深圳市龙岗区高三期末质量监测）Frightening as mnsters are, they have always fascinated us. Frm strange cmbinatins f animals t magical beings, creatures have emerged frm ur imaginatins thrughut histry. Tday, they still frequent ur cinema screens. Cnsidering hw scared we can be f mnsters, it seems paradxical that we keep making them. In fact, there is science behind ur lve f mnsters.
Mnsters are imaginary creatures that cme frm ur lng histry f living alngside predatrs (捕食者). Snakes, fr example, were amng ur ancestrs’ first deadly threats, causing them t evlve snake-respnsive neurns (神经元) in their brains. This adaptatin allwed them t detect snakes with just a quick lk. This hardware prduced the snake-like mnsters, including dragns, that appear in almst all cultures. That is why we get a thrill seeing snake mnsters n the screen.
Similarly, ur ancestrs’ minds were shaped by the need t detect bears, lins and ther larger predatrs in tugh envirnments. We evlved t spt predatrs in the dark between tree trunks r in shadwy crners. With their lng teeth and giant claws, these animals have seized ur imaginatins, appearing in cave paintings ver thusands f years.
There are psychlgical benefits t being frightened by mnsters. Scary stries with terrifying creatures activate the amygdala, the brain’s fear center, kicking ff the fight-r-flight respnse and releasing adrenaline (肾上腺素). With the stry ending in safety, adrenaline levels drp, bringing chemicals that fuel the feeling f relaxatin. Such cntrlled fear experience might help us t manage lng-term stress r increase ur pain tlerance. As a result, sme peple with anxiety enjy watching hrrr films befre bed.
The mnsters we create tday fr films and bks reflect ur deepest fears — whether it’s Gdzilla threatening civilisatin, r aliens grwing within us. Mnster media allws us t externalise anxieties int supernatural beings. By understanding ur mnsters and why we make them, we can learn a great deal abut what is ging n under the surface f ur minds.
1．What des the underlined wrd “paradxical” mean in paragraph 1?
A．Reasnable.B．Predictable.C．Cntradictry.D．Prblematic.
2．What is the purpse f paragraphs 2 and 3?
A．T hnur the wisdm f ur ancestrs.B．T demnstrate the rigin f mnsters.
C．T cmpare different deadly creatures.D．T intrduce cmmn animals in artwrks.
3．Hw des watching hrrr films benefit peple with anxiety?
A．It reduces the brain’s sensitivity t fear.B．It helps peple frget anxius experiences.
C．It teaches safety lessns in extreme danger.D．It stimulates the bdy’s relaxatin system.
4．What is the authr’s attitude twards ur lve f mnsters?
A．Favurable.B．Uncertain.C．Ambiguus.D．Skeptical.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要解释了人类为何对怪物既感到害怕又被其吸引的现象，从人类历史、心理机制等方面进行了阐述，说明了怪物在人类文化和心理中的重要作用。
1．词句猜测题。根据前文“Cnsidering hw scared we can be f mnsters(考虑到我们对怪物有多害怕)”以及后文“we keep making them(我们一直制造怪物)”可知，我们害怕怪物，但是又一直在制造怪物，看起来是矛盾的，推知paradxical为“矛盾的”之意，和C项意思相近。故选C项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Mnsters are imaginary creatures that cme frm ur lng histry f living alngside predatrs (捕食者). Snakes, fr example, were amng ur ancestrs’ first deadly threats, causing them t evlve snake-respnsive neurns (神经元) in their brains. This adaptatin allwed them t detect snakes with just a quick lk. This hardware prduced the snake-like mnsters, including dragns, that appear in almst all cultures. That is why we get a thrill seeing snake mnsters n the screen.(怪物是我们与食肉动物长期共存的历史中想象出来的生物。例如，蛇是我们祖先最早的致命威胁之一，导致他们在大脑中进化出对蛇敏感的神经元。这种适应使它们只需快速看一眼就能发现蛇。这种硬件产生了像蛇一样的怪物，包括龙，几乎在所有文化中都出现过。这就是为什么我们在屏幕上看到蛇怪会感到兴奋)”以及第三段“Similarly, ur ancestrs’ minds were shaped by the need t detect bears, lins and ther larger predatrs in tugh envirnments. We evlved t spt predatrs in the dark between tree trunks r in shadwy crners. With their lng teeth and giant claws, these animals have seized ur imaginatins, appearing in cave paintings ver thusands f years.(同样，我们祖先的思维也被在恶劣环境中发现熊、狮子和其他大型捕食者的需要所塑造。我们进化到能够在黑暗的树干间或阴暗的角落里发现捕食者。这些动物有着长长的牙齿和巨大的爪子，它们在几千年前的洞穴壁画中出现，抓住了我们的想象力)”可知，这两段从蛇和大型捕食者的角度解释了怪物的起源，指出它们是基于我们祖先与捕食者共存的历史经验演化得来，目的是说明怪物的起源。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“There are psychlgical benefits t being frightened by mnsters. Scary stries with terrifying creatures activate the amygdala, the brain’s fear center, kicking ff the fight-r-flight respnse and releasing adrenaline (肾上腺素). With the stry ending in safety, adrenaline levels drp, bringing chemicals that fuel the feeling f relaxatin. Such cntrlled fear experience might help us t manage lng-term stress r increase ur pain tlerance. As a result, sme peple with anxiety enjy watching hrrr films befre bed.(被怪物吓到有心理上的好处。关于恐怖生物的恐怖故事会激活杏仁核，即大脑的恐惧中心，引发“战或逃”反应，并释放肾上腺素。随着故事在安全的情况下结束，肾上腺素水平下降，产生了促进放松感的化学物质。这种可控的恐惧体验可能有助于我们管理长期压力或提高我们的疼痛耐受力。因此，一些焦虑的人喜欢在睡觉前看恐怖电影)”可知，观看恐怖电影可以刺激肾上腺素分泌，最终通过化学机制让人感到放松，因此恐怖电影帮助激活身体的放松系统。故选D项。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Such cntrlled fear experience might help us t manage lng-term stress r increase ur pain tlerance.(这种可控的恐惧体验可能有助于我们管理长期压力或提高我们的疼痛耐受力)”以及最后一段“The mnsters we create tday fr films and bks reflect ur deepest fears — whether it’s Gdzilla threatening civilisatin, r aliens grwing within us. Mnster media allws us t externalise anxieties int supernatural beings. By understanding ur mnsters and why we make them, we can learn a great deal abut what is ging n under the surface f ur minds.(我们今天为电影和书籍创造的怪物反映了我们最深的恐惧——无论是威胁文明的哥斯拉，还是在我们体内生长的外星人。怪物媒体让我们把焦虑外化到超自然生物身上。通过了解我们的怪物以及我们为什么制造它们，我们可以学到很多关于我们思想表面下发生的事情)”可知，作者认为对怪物的喜爱能有助于我们管理长期压力或提高我们的疼痛耐受力，以及学到很多关于我们思想表面下发生的事情，所以应是支持的态度。故选A项。
2.（2025·甘肃省陇南市西和县成名中学高三上学期期末）In mdern times, artificial intelligence (AI) has entered varius industries, including healthcare. AI is revlutinizing healthcare, bringing bth pprtunities and challenges.
AI-pwered diagnstic tls are becming mre cmmn. Machine-learning algrithms can analyze medical images like X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans quickly and accurately. They can spt details dctrs might miss. Fr example, an AI system nce identified lung cancer in X-rays mre successfully than sme experienced radilgists. This early detectin enables timely treatment and better patient utcmes.
AI is als used t create persnalized treatment plans. By analyzing a patient’s genetic data, medical histry, lifestyle, and symptms, AI can suggest custmized strategies. In cancer treatment, fr instance, it can determine the best chemtherapy drugs r raditherapy apprach based n a patient’s genetic makeup.
Mrever, AI-driven chatbts ffer basic medical advice and answer patients’ questins. They can triage patients, telling them if they need immediate medical attentin r can wait. This eases the burden n healthcare prviders and gives patients quick access t reliable infrmatin.
Hwever, using AI in healthcare has challenges. Data privacy is a majr cncern as medical data is sensitive. There are als wrries abut the reliability f AI-based diagnses, as incrrect results culd be serius. Integrating AI int existing healthcare systems requires significant investment in technlgy and staff training.
Despite these challenges, the future f AI in healthcare is prmising. With technlgical prgress and research, AI will play an even bigger rle in imprving glbal healthcare.
9．What is the main purpse f the passage?
A．T intrduce the basic cncepts f AI.
B．T discuss the applicatin and challenges f AI in the medical field.
C．T cmpare AI with human dctrs in medical diagnsis.
D．T emphasize the imprtance f data privacy in AI-based medicine.
10．Hw can AI - pwered diagnstic tls benefit patients?
A．They can cmpletely replace human dctrs in diagnsis.
B．They can prvide free medical treatment.
C．They can detect diseases early and enable timely treatment.
D．They can reduce the cst f medical equipment.
11．What des the underlined wrd “triage” in paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．T classify patients accrding t the urgency f their cnditins.
B．T prvide free medical check-ups fr patients.
C．T persuade patients t see a dctr as sn as pssible.
D．T prvide detailed medical reprts fr patients.
12．What can be inferred frm the passage?
A．AI will sn replace human dctrs in all aspects f healthcare.
B．The challenges f AI in the medical field are insurmuntable.
C．The develpment f AI in the medical field will cntinue t prgress.
D．Data privacy is nt a big cncern in the applicatin f AI in medicine.
【答案】9．B 10．C 11．A 12．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是人工智能在医疗保健领域的应用以及面临的挑战。
9．推理判断题。根据全文内容，特别是第一段的句子“AI is revlutinizing healthcare, bringing bth pprtunities and challenges.(人工智能正在彻底改变医疗保健，既带来机遇，也带来挑战)”可知，本文的目的是探讨人工智能在医疗领域的应用与挑战。故选B项。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“Machine-learning algrithms can analyze medical images like X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans quickly and accurately. They can spt details dctrs might miss. Fr example, an AI system nce identified lung cancer in X-rays mre successfully than sme experienced radilgists. This early detectin enables timely treatment and better patient utcmes.(机器学习算法可以快速准确地分析医学图像，如X射线、核磁共振成像和CT扫描。他们可以发现医生可能遗漏的细节，例如，人工智能系统曾经比一些经验丰富的放射科医生更成功地在X射线中识别肺癌。这种早期发现有助于及时治疗和改善患者诊疗结果)”可知，人工智能驱动的诊断工具可以及早发现疾病并及时治疗。故选C项。
11．词句猜测题。根据划线单词后面的部分“telling them if they need immediate medical attentin r can wait(告诉他们是否需要立即就医或可以等待)”可知，人工智能驱动的聊天机器人可以将立即需要就医的病人和可以等待的病人分开。所以，划线单词triage指的是根据病情的紧急程度对病人进行分类。故选A项。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despite these challenges, the future f AI in healthcare is prmising. With technlgical prgress and research, AI will play an even bigger rle in imprving glbal healthcare.(尽管存在这些挑战，但人工智能在医疗保健领域的未来是有希望的。随着技术的进步和研究，人工智能将在改善全球医疗保健方面发挥更大的作用)”可知，人工智能在医疗领域的发展将不断进步。故选C项。
3.（2025·甘肃省陇南市西和县成名中学高三上学期期末）Adventures Abrad: Yur Dream Travel Awaits
Are yu a high schl senir lking fr an unfrgettable adventure befre yu head ff t cllege? Lk n further than Adventures Abrad, the premier travel agency specializing in teen travel experiences.
We ffer a wide range f exciting trips designed t expand yur hrizns and create memries that will last a lifetime. Whether yu’re interested in explring the ancient ruins f Rme, diving int the crystal-clear waters f the Great Barrier Reef, r trekking thrugh the lush jungles f Csta Rica, we have the perfect trip fr yu.
Our trips are led by experienced and knwledgeable guides wh are passinate abut travel and dedicated t prviding yu with a safe and educatinal experience. They will nt nly shw yu the sights but als teach yu abut the lcal culture, histry, and traditins.
In additin t ur amazing destinatins, we als ffer a variety f activities t make yur trip even mre memrable. Frm zip-lining thrugh the rainfrest t cking classes with lcal chefs, there’s smething fr everyne.
We understand that as a student, cst is an imprtant factr. That’s why we ffer affrdable prices and flexible payment ptins t make yur dream trip a reality. Plus, we have early bird discunts and grup rates available, s the mre friends yu bring, the mre yu save!
Dn’t miss ut n this pprtunity t see the wrld and have the time f yur life. Cntact us tday at [phne number] r visit ur website at [website address] t learn mre and bk yur adventure.
13．What is the main purpse f this advertisement?
A．T intrduce different travel destinatins.
B．T recruit travel guides fr Adventures Abrad.
C．T prmte Adventures Abrad’s teen travel packages.
D．T share travel experiences f high schl senirs.
14．Which f the fllwing is NOT mentined as an activity ffered n the trips?
A．Explring ancient ruins.B．Taking cking classes.
C．Ging n a safari.D．Zip-lining thrugh the rainfrest.
15．What can we learn abut the prices f the trips?
A．They are very expensive.B．They are affrdable and have discunts available.
C．They are nly fr students with gd grades.D．They are nt mentined in the advertisement.
【答案】13．C 14．C 15．B
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了Adventures Abrad 提供的旅行项目、导游情况、活动内容以及价格优惠等。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段“Are yu a high schl senir lking fr an unfrgettable adventure befre yu head ff t cllege? Lk n further than Adventures Abrad, the premier travel agency specializing in teen travel experiences.(你是一名高中生，想在上大学前经历一次难忘的冒险吗?看看国外冒险吧，这是一家专门从事青少年旅行体验的顶级旅行社)”以及文章介绍了Adventures Abrad 提供的旅行项目、导游情况、活动内容以及价格优惠等，可知，文章目的是推广该旅行社专门为青少年设计的旅行套餐，吸引学生选择他们的旅行服务。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据第二段“Whether yu’re interested in explring the ancient ruins f Rme, diving int the crystal-clear waters f the Great Barrier Reef, r trekking thrugh the lush jungles f Csta Rica, we have the perfect trip fr yu.(无论你是有兴趣探索罗马的古代遗迹，潜入大堡礁清澈的海水，还是在哥斯达黎加茂密的丛林中徒步旅行，我们都为你准备了完美的旅行)”以及第四段“Frm zip-lining thrugh the rainfrest t cking classes with lcal chefs, there’s smething fr everyne.(从滑索穿越雨林到与当地厨师一起上烹饪课，这里有适合每个人的东西)”可知，可对应选项 A 中的探索古代遗迹、选项 B 中的烹饪课程和选项 D 中的雨林滑索，而文中未提及去狩猎旅行，故选C。
15．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“We understand that as a student, cst is an imprtant factr. That’s why we ffer affrdable prices and flexible payment ptins t make yur dream trip a reality. Plus, we have early bird discunts and grup rates available, s the mre friends yu bring, the mre yu save!(我们明白，作为一名学生，成本是一个重要因素。这就是为什么我们提供实惠的价格和灵活的付款方式，让您的梦想之旅成为现实。另外，我们有早鸟折扣和团体价格，所以你带的朋友越多，你省的钱就越多！)”可知，表明旅行的价格是学生可以承受的，并且还有早鸟折扣和团体优惠，故选B。
题型三 阅读理解之推理判断---描述人物或事件的特征
1.（海南省三亚市2024-2025学年高三上学期期末）66-year-ld Han Hua tld tales f his table tennis caching career, shwing phts that highlighting his victries in China, Tunisia and France.
Brn in 1958, Han’s passin fr table tennis started at a yung age. A mix f raw talent and cntinuus dedicatin drve him t junir turnament victries and eventually, t a desirable spt in the natinal team.
Since the 1950s, China has sent caches in sprts like table tennis, badmintn, gymnastics and diving t imprve the cmpetitive capacity f natins afar. As ne f them, Han started a 12-year caching jurney in Tunisia in 1984. He rapidly gt accustmed t this way f life.
Knwn fr his language cmpetence and deep understanding f the sprt, Han has earned applause frm peers and athletes.
In the 1990s, France enjyed a glden era f table tennis led by the great table tennis player Jean-Philippe Gatien. The French team, cmpsed f Gatien, Patrick Chila, and Damien Eli, achieved remarkable feats in the Wrld Cup and Wrld Champinships.
Hwever, as they retired in the early years f this century, the nce pwerful team was envelped in calmness, mtivating the French Table Tennis Federatin t seek a savir in 2013 t restre the natin t its frmer glry.
Han, with plentiful experience, caching wisdm and fluency in French, std ut as the ideal candidate. After three years f dedicatin, Han finally achieved his gal as the French men’s team delivered its mst utstanding perfrmance in fur decades — Emmanuel Lebessn wn the men’s singles title while Simn Gauzy secured the silver medal at the 2016 Eurpean Champinships. After successfully leading the team t the Ri Olympics, he transitined int an assistant caching rle, paving the way fr yung French caches.
As the year 2024 marks the 60th anniversary f China-France diplmatic relatins, Han emphasizes the significance f the enduring bnd between the tw natins in table tennis.
19．What was Han Hua’s key qualificatin fr caching the French team?
A．His success in junir turnaments.
B．His rle in China’s table tennis histry.
C．His previus wrk with French players.
D．His language skills and caching experience.
20．Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe Han?
A．Talented and frtunate.B．Prfessinal and devted.
C．Unbeatable and prud.D．Ambitius and aggressive.
21．What des Han emphasize between China and France referring t table tennis?
A．Cultural exchange.B．Shared gals.
C．Everlasting friendship.D．Ecnmic cperatin.
22．What culd be a suitable title f the passage?
A．The Chinese Cach wh Wins Applause frm Audience.
B．The Talented and Dedicated Chinese Table Tennis Athlete.
C．The Chinese Cach wh Teaches Table Tennis t the Wrld.
D．The 60th Anniversary f China-France Diplmatic Relatins.
【答案】19．D 20．B 21．C 22．C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了中国乒乓球教练韩华在海外执教的经历与成就。
19．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Han, with plentiful experience, caching wisdm and fluency in French, std ut as the ideal candidate.(韩华凭借丰富的经验、教练智慧和流利的法语，成为理想人选)”可知，韩华执教法国队的关键资格是他的语言能力和教练经验。故选D。
20．推理判断题。根据第二段“A mix f raw talent and cntinuus dedicatin drve him t junir turnament victries and eventually, t a desirable spt in the natinal team.(天生的才华和持续的奉献精神使他在青少年比赛中屡获佳绩，最终在国家队中获得了令人羡慕的位置)”和倒数第二段“After three years f dedicatin, Han finally achieved his gal as the French men’s team delivered its mst utstanding perfrmance in fur decades.(经过三年的努力，韩华终于实现了自己的目标，法国男队取得了四十年来最出色的成绩)”可知，韩华是一个专业且敬业的人。故选B。
21．细节理解题。根据最后一段“As the year 2024 marks the 60th anniversary f China-France diplmatic relatins, Han emphasizes the significance f the enduring bnd between the tw natins in table tennis.(2024年是中法建交60周年，韩华强调了乒乓球领域中两国持久关系的重要性)”可知，韩华在中法乒乓球交流中强调了永恒的友谊。故选C。
22．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了中国乒乓球教练韩华在海外执教的经历与成就，他先在突尼斯执教12年，后来成为法国国家乒乓球队的教练，带领法国队取得了优异的成绩，所以选项C“向世界传授乒乓球的中国教练”这个标题最能概括文章主旨。故选C。
2.（2025·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三测试）Wrapped in a shiny metal suit, Katia Krafft’s small frame appeared insignificant next t the red curtain f biling rck that burst frm the grund befre her. The dramatic mment was captured in a pht taken atp Iceland’s Krafla vlcan in 1984. “Once yu see an eruptin, yu can’t live withut it because it’s s magnificent, s strng,” says Krafft, a fearless pineer in vlcanlgy, studying the explsive peaks at a time when there were few wmen in the field.
The mment a vlcan explded, she and her husband, Maurice Krafft, als a vlcancgist, drpped everything t analyze and capture the beauty and mystery f each event. These stunning pictures allwed researchers t dissect (剖析) the cmplex details f each eruptin like never befre.
The Kraffts initially fcused their wrk n s-called effusive (溢流式的) eruptins, which, thugh still dangerus, are usually less deadly than their explsive relatives. But tw disasters led the Kraffts t turn their eyes n the destructive impacts f the latter. In 1980 the eruptin f Munt St. Helens in Washingtn killed 57 peple, and in 1985, the eruptin f Clmbia’s Nevad del Ruiz killed mre than 20,000 peple.
The cuple used their recrdings f explsive eruptins t explain the cmplex risks and uncertainties f these disasters. Their vides are credited as ne f the main reasns that fficials in the Philippines tk the warning signs f Munt Pinatub’s eruptin in 1991 seriusly. Yet the Kraffts didn’t live t see it. They died less than tw weeks earlier in Japan during a terrible eruptin.
Katia’s impact n vlcanlgy has reached far beynd her death and has inspired many yung wmen t study ur restless planet. At age 16, Marie-Claude Williamsn, nw a research scientist at the Gelgical Survey f Canada, met Katia during an evening lecture where the Kraffts were narrating ne f their films. “It was largely the visin f the extrardinary wman I briefly encuntered when I was 16 that kept me ging.” she says.
43．What did the Kraffts d when a vlcan erupted?
A．They sent nce warnings.B．They sht the prcess.
C．They wrte dwn the details.D．They analyzed the causes.
44．What can be learned abut the tw eruptins in the 1980s?
A．They were effusive eruptins.
B．They tk place in the US.
C．They were recrded by the Kraffts.
D．They changed the Kraffts’ career fcus.
45．What’s the purpse f filming explsive eruptins?
A．T shw the beauty f vlcanes.
B．T predict future vlcanic activities.
C．T share knwledge f vlcanic risks.
D．T guide gvernment plicy-making.
46．Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe Katia?
A．Enthusiastic and mdest.B．Humrus and prfessinal.
C．Ambitius and generus.D．Curageus and influential.
【答案】43．B 44．D 45．C 46．D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了火山学家克拉夫特夫妇的工作以及他们对火山学的贡献。
43．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The mment a vlcan explded, she and her husband, Maurice Krafft, als a vlcanlgist, drpped everything t analyze and capture the beauty and mystery f each event. These stunning pictures allwed researchers t dissect the cmplex details f each eruptin like never befre.(火山爆发的那一刻，她和同为火山学家的丈夫莫里斯·克拉夫特放下一切，分析并捕捉每一个事件的美丽和神秘。这些令人惊叹的照片使研究人员能够以前所未有的方式剖析每次火山喷发的复杂细节。)”可知，火山爆发时，克拉夫特夫妇要拍摄了这个过程。故选B项。
44．细节理解题。根据第三段“The Kraffts initially fcused their wrk n s-called effusive (溢流式的) eruptins, which, thugh still dangerus, are usually less deadly than their explsive relatives. But tw disasters led the Kraffts t turn their eyes n the destructive impacts f the latter. In 1980 the eruptin f Munt St. Helens in Washingtn killed 57 peple, and in 1985, the eruptin f Clmbia’s Nevada del Ruiz killed mre than 20,000 peple.(克拉夫特夫妇最初把他们的研究重点放在所谓的溢流式喷发上，这种喷发虽然仍然很危险，但通常比爆炸性喷发的致命性要小。但两场灾难让卡夫夫妇把目光转向了后者的破坏性影响。1980年，华盛顿圣海伦斯火山喷发造成57人死亡，1985年，哥伦比亚内华达德尔鲁伊斯火山喷发造成2万多人死亡。)”可知，20世纪80年代的两次火山爆发改变了克拉夫特夫妇的职业重心。故选D项。
45．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The cuple used their recrdings f explsive eruptins t explain the cmplex risks and uncertainties f these disasters.(这对夫妇用他们对火山爆发的记录来解释这些灾难的复杂风险和不确定性。)”可知，拍摄火山爆发的目的是分享火山风险的知识。故选C项。
46．推理判断题。根据第一段中的““Once yu see an eruptin, yu can’t live withut it because it’s s magnificent, s strng,” says Krafft, a fearless pineer in vlcanlgy, studying the explsive peaks at a time when there were few wmen in the field.(“一旦你看到火山喷发，你就不能没有它，因为它是如此壮观，如此强大，”克拉夫特说，她是一位无畏的火山学先驱，在研究火山喷发高峰的时候，这个领域几乎没有女性。)”和最后一段的句子“Katia’s impact n vlcanlgy has reached far beynd her death and has inspired many yung wmen t study ur restless planet.(远远在她去世后很久，卡蒂亚对火山学的影响还在，并激励了许多年轻女性研究我们这个不安分的星球。)”可知，卡蒂亚是一位勇敢且有很大影响力的女性。故选D项。
3.（2025·广东省建文教育集团两学部第二次模拟）A mdest assemblage f intrepid and inquisitive yuthful Irish musicians have assumed the mantle f safeguarding a legacy f meldies. Their initiative endeavrs t psitin the senir members f a generatin teetering n the brink f bslescence befre a micrphne, thereby preserving their sngs and narratives fr the edificatin and study f future musicians in perpetuity.
Numerus experts frequently sund the alarm regarding the extent t which the ral traditins f humanity are relinquished t the encrachment f mdernity n an annual basis. In Ireland, a natin renwned fr its vcalists, the Sng Cllectrs Cllective (SCC) cmmemrates this heritage by paying hmage t the individuals wh have sustained its fundatinal essence. The majrity f these custdians hail frm the reclusive traveler cmmunities. Instead f merely amassing lyrics, each sng is accessible slely thrugh an explratin f the life and narrative f the individual wh rendered it fr the SCC, r the s-called “Traditin Bearer.”
Cnsider, fr instance, Freda Black, a great-grandmther in her mid-eighties. She harbred such a plethra f sngs that she cnfessed t being incapable f enumerating them all. She subsequently gained prminence in a recently launched album by a cntemprary flk artist and SCC member, Sam Lee. “I relish the mments spent at the knees f these elders,” Lee remarked. “I am exceedingly frtunate. I am capturing the remnants f an era.”
“It is a prevalent plea fr the sngs and tales t be dcumented and disseminated, as the ld custms are n lnger being cnveyed, and this vast repsitry f knwledge pertaining t an archaic mde f existence is n the verge f being cnsigned t blivin. In this cntemprary epch f readily accessible recrding technlgy, there is n justificatin fr failing t chrnicle and share this pulent yet fragile traditin,” the SCC asserted. Having amassed hundreds f recrdings frm a multitude f singers, the SCC is cmmencing t rganize educatinal events, sharing the stries and vcal renditins with thse wh are keen t listen, as well as imparting knwledge n hw individuals can becme cllectrs in their wn right.
93．Hw d thse yung Irish musicians save the traditin f sngs? ______ ​
A．By spreading their new music styles .
B．By recrding ld flk sngs and related stries.
C．By teaching yung peple t learn traditinal sngs.
D．By imprving the living cnditins f elderly musicians.
94．What can we infer frm Sam Lee’s wrds? ______ ​
A．He is glad t keep a valuable traditin f music.
B．His latest album carries the memry f his grandma.
C．He is lucky t have gt sme help in learning music.
D．His music is inspired by cnversatins with Freda Black.
95．What further prmtes the SCC’s prtectin f the ral traditin? ______ ​
A．Market demand.B．The supprt f famus musicians.
C．High praise frm the elderly.D．Technlgical prgress.
96．Which f the fllwing can best describe the SCC's wrk? ______ ​
A．Effective and interesting.B．Successful but cnfusing.
C．Necessary and meaningful.D．Prfessinal but dangerus.
【答案】93．B 94．A 95．D 96．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了爱尔兰的一群年轻音乐家如何通过记录老一辈歌手的歌曲和故事，保护和传承爱尔兰的传统音乐。这些音乐家通过组织教育活动，分享这些歌曲和故事，鼓励更多人成为传统音乐的传承者。
93．细节理解题。根据第一段“A mdest assemblage f intrepid and inquisitive yuthful Irish musicians have assumed the mantle f safeguarding a legacy f meldies. Their initiative endeavrs t psitin the senir members f a generatin teetering n the brink f bslescence befre a micrphne, thereby preserving their sngs and narratives fr the edificatin and study f future musicians in perpetuity.( 一群勇敢而好奇的年轻爱尔兰音乐家承担起了保护旋律遗产的责任。他们的倡议努力将这一代即将被遗忘的年长成员置于麦克风前，从而永久地保存他们的歌曲和故事，供未来的音乐家教育和研究。)”可以看出，这些年轻音乐家通过记录老一辈歌手的歌曲和故事来保护传统歌曲。故选B项。
94．推理判断题。根据第三段中““I relish the mments spent at the knees f these elders,” Lee remarked. “I am exceedingly frtunate. I am capturing the remnants f an era. ”(“我珍惜在这些长者膝下度过的时光，”Lee说。“我非常幸运。我正在捕捉一个时代的遗产。”)”可知，从Sam Lee的话中我们可以推断出他很高兴能保持有价值的音乐传统。故选A项。
95．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In this cntemprary epch f readily accessible recrding technlgy, there is n justificatin fr failing t chrnicle and share this pulent yet fragile traditin," the SCC asserted.(在当今这个录音技术随处可见的时代，没有理由不记录和分享这一丰富而脆弱的传统，SCC断言。)”可以看出，技术进步促进了SCC对口头传统的保护。故选D项。
96．推理判断题。根据文章大意可知，整篇文章都在介绍SCC如何通过记录和分享老一辈歌手的歌曲和故事来保护爱尔兰的传统音乐。这些活动不仅保存了传统，还教育了新一代，具有必要性和意义。因此，C选项Necessary and meaningful“必要且有意义。”是对其最合适的描述。故选C项。
题型四 阅读理解之推理判断---写作手法题
1.（2025·湖南省长沙市高三高考适应性考试）Decades f increasing crn and sya bean prductin have turned Brazil int an agricultural pwerhuse, which als led t the destructin f the Amazn rainfrest. That has lng put farmers and envirnmentalists in disagreement. But a study released in Octber by the Federal University f Minas Gerais (UFMG) and Rainfrest Fundatin Nrway (RFN) shws the extent t which defrestatin is hurting farmers t.
The reprt shws that the practice f clear-cutting in the Brazilian Amazn led t reduced crp prductin, resulting in ttal ecnmic lsses f abut $1 billin between 2006 and 2019. The net revenues (收入) fr sya beans drpped by 10% ver that time, while crn revenues drpped by 20%. Anders Krgh, a specialist frest adviser at RFN, says these findings demnstrate the danger defrestatin pses t glbal fd security.
When ancient frests becme rlling plains, a delicate balance f water cycle is disturbed. As trees breathe, they turn water int vapur (水蒸气), which ges n t frm large, thick rain cluds, and has a cling effect n the regin. This recycling prcess als influences atmspheric circulatin (循环), which plays a key rle in temperature regulatin in the Amazn basin. The effects are the severest in the mst defrested regins. Less rain and htter days mean smaller harvests and smaller revenues.
Preventing further defrestatin in Brazil’s suthern Amazn culd slw the trend. Plus, refresting culd even change rainfall trends: the reprt cncludes that if the Brazilian state f Pará were t refrest 55,000 km² f farming land, the rain culd cme n average five days earlier, and up t 19 in sme areas. Fr nw, thugh, that seems like a tall rder. Agricultural firms in Brazil tend t treat such reprts and the researchers wh prduce them with dubt. The term “agri-phbic (农业恐惧)” is ften used t describe scientists wh criticize the cuntry’s farming practices. At the grassrts level, despite the increasing csts f adapting t drier cnditins, Brazilian farmers dubt the claims that lwer prductin results frm climate change r defrestatin.
Britald Sares-Filh, a researcher at UFMG and the reprt’s lead authr, hpes that cncentrating n the financial effect f defrestatin, rather than abstract mdelling, can change farmers’ minds. Sustainable farming practices, he urges, are in the ecnmic interests f agribusiness.
51．Hw des the authr develp paragraph 2?
A．By listing statistics.B．By citing a saying.
C．By making an assumptin.D．By intrducing a cncept.
52．Which is clse t the underlined idim “a tall rder” in meaning in paragraph 4?
A．A hard nut.B．A big fish.
C．A helping hand.D．A red-letter day.
53．What des Britald Sares-Filh mean?
A．Lgging cntributes t financial increase.
B．Abstract mdelling makes a big difference.
C．Clear-cutting puts glbal fd security in great danger.
D．Farmers shuld fcus n the financial impact f defrestatin.
54．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Defrestatin: it bsts revenues?
B．Water cycle: it disturbs agriculture?
C．Climate change: it wrsens rainfrest?
D．Refresting: it relieves glbal warming?
【答案】51．A 52．A 53．D 54．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了巴西亚马孙雨林的砍伐对农业生产及经济的影响。
51．推理判断题。根据第二段“The reprt shws that the practice f clear-cutting in the Brazilian Amazn led t reduced crp prductin, resulting in ttal ecnmic lsses f abut $1 billin between 2006 and 2019. The net revenues (收入) fr sya beans drpped by 10% ver that time, while crn revenues drpped by 20%. Anders Krgh, a specialist frest adviser at RFN, says these findings demnstrate the danger defrestatin pses t glbal fd security.(报告显示，巴西亚马孙地区的皆伐导致农作物产量减少，2006年至2019年期间经济损失总额约为10亿美元。在此期间，大豆的净收入下降了10%，而玉米的收入下降了20%。雨林基金会(RFN)的林业专家顾问安德斯·克罗格(Anders Krgh)表示，这些发现表明，森林砍伐对全球粮食安全构成了威胁。)”可知，作者在该段中通过列出具体的统计数据，如经济损失总额、大豆和玉米的收入下降百分比等，来支持其观点。故选A。
52．词句猜测题。根据上文“Plus, refresting culd even change rainfall trends: the reprt cncludes that if the Brazilian state f Pará were t refrest 55,000 km² f farming land, the rain culd cme n average five days earlier, and up t 19 in sme areas.(此外，重新造林甚至可以改变降雨趋势：报告得出结论，如果巴西帕拉州能够对5.5万平方公里的耕地进行重新造林，那么雨水可能会平均提前5天到来，在某些地区甚至可能提前19天到来。)”和“thugh(不过)”可知，就目前而言，这似乎是一个难题。由此可知，“a tall rder”指的是一个难以实现或要求过高的任务，即一个难题。选项A“一个难题”符合题意。故选A。
53．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Britald Sares-Filh, a researcher at UFMG and the reprt’s lead authr, hpes that cncentrating n the financial effect f defrestatin, rather than abstract mdelling, can change farmers’ minds.(UFMG的研究员、该报告的主要作者布里塔尔多·索阿雷斯·菲略希望，把注意力集中在森林砍伐的经济影响上，而不是抽象的建模上，可以改变农民的想法。)”可知，Britald Sares-Filh认为农民应该关注森林砍伐对经济的影响。故选D。
54．主旨大意题。根据第一段“But a study released in Octber by the Federal University f Minas Gerais (UFMG) and Rainfrest Fundatin Nrway (RFN) shws the extent t which defrestatin is hurting farmers t.(但米纳斯吉拉斯联邦大学(UFMG)和挪威雨林基金会(RFN)10月发布的一项研究显示，森林砍伐对农民的伤害程度也很大。)”和第二段“The reprt shws that the practice f clear-cutting in the Brazilian Amazn led t reduced crp prductin, resulting in ttal ecnmic lsses f abut $1 billin between 2006 and 2019.(报告显示，巴西亚马孙地区的皆伐导致农作物产量减少，2006年至2019年期间经济损失总额约为10亿美元。)”可知，文章主要讨论了森林砍伐对农业生产及经济的影响，选项A“砍伐森林：它能增加收入？”这个标题能够引发读者对森林砍伐与农民收入之间关系的思考，与短文的主题紧密相关。故选A。
2.（2025·河北省沧州市盐山县河北省盐山中学高三月考）Wild African elephants address each ther with name-like calls, a rare ability amng nnhuman animals, accrding t a new study published in Nature Eclgy and Evlutin.
The researchers frm Save the Elephants, a research and cnservatin rganizatin based in Kenya, used machine learning t cnfirm that elephant calls cntained a name-like cmpnent identifying the intended recipient. When the researchers played back recrded calls, elephants respnded t calls that were addressed t them by calling back r appraching the speaker. Calls meant fr ther elephants received less f a reactin.
“Elephants are expressive animals,” said Gerge Wittemyer, an authr f the study, “and their reactins are easy t read t thse familiar with them. When the researchers played back samples, the elephants respnded energetically and psitively t recrdings f their friends and family members calling t them but did nt react enthusiastically r mve tward calls directed t thers, demnstrating that they recgnized their names.”
The study lasted fur years and included 14 mnths f fieldwrk in Kenya, with the researchers fllwing elephants in a vehicle and recrding their vcalizatins. Abut 470 distinct calls were cllected frm 101 unique callers crrespnding with 117 unique receivers in Samburu Natinal Reserve and Ambseli Natinal Park.
The researchers said much mre data wuld be needed t distinguish the names within the calls and determine whether elephants name ther things they interact with, like fd, water and places. “Unfrtunately, we can’t have them speak int micrphnes,” Wittemyer said, nting the barriers t cllecting enugh data.
New insights int elephant cmmunicatin revealed by the study strengthen the case fr their cnservatin, the researchers said. Elephants are classified as endangered, due t hunting and habitat lss. Because f their size, they need a lt f space and can be destructive t prperty and dangerus t peple.
While cnversing with them remains a distant dream, Wittemyer said that being able t talk with them culd be a game changer fr their prtectin.
74．Hw did the researchers draw their cnclusin?
A．By identifying the intended recipients’ family.
B．By analyzing the researchers’ calls with machines.
C．By referring t an expert’s persnal experience.
D．By bserving elephants’ reactin t played calls.
75．What d the researchers need t d next?
A．Classify the species f elephants.B．Cllect sufficient elephants’ calls.
C．Keep elephants away frm peple.D．Change elephants’ calls randmly.
76．What is Wittemyer’s pinin n peple’s cmmunicating with elephants?
A．It will be a reality sn.B．It is f great significance.
C．It remains impssible frever.D．It is useless t their prtectin.
77．Where des the text mst prbably appear?
A．In a science magazine.B．In a bilgy textbk.
C．In an animal care guide.D．In an interview.
【答案】74．D 75．B 76．B 77．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究，即野生非洲大象会用类似名字的叫声来互相称呼，这是非人类动物中罕见的能力。
74．细节理解题。根据第二段“The researchers frm Save the Elephants, a research and cnservatin rganizatin based in Kenya, used machine learning t cnfirm that elephant calls cntained a name-like cmpnent identifying the intended recipient. When the researchers played back recrded calls, elephants respnded t calls that were addressed t them by calling back r appraching the speaker. Calls meant fr ther elephants received less f a reactin.(来自肯尼亚研究和保护组织‘拯救大象’的研究人员使用机器学习来确认大象的叫声中包含了一个类似名字的成分，用以识别预期的接收者。当研究人员播放录制的叫声时，大象会对针对它们的叫声做出回应，通过回叫或靠近扬声器。而针对其他大象的叫声则反应较少。)”可知，研究人员是通过观察大象对播放的叫声的反应得出结论的。故选D。
75．推理判断题。根据第五段“The researchers said much mre data wuld be needed t distinguish the names within the calls and determine whether elephants name ther things they interact with, like fd, water and places. ‘Unfrtunately, we can’t have them speak int micrphnes,’ Wittemyer said, nting the barriers t cllecting enugh data.(研究人员表示，需要更多的数据来区分叫声中的名字，并确定大象是否会为它们互动的其他事物命名，比如食物、水和地方。Wittemyer说:‘不幸的是，我们不能让它们对着麦克风说话。’他指出了收集足够数据的障碍。)”可推知，研究人员接下来需要收集足够的大象叫声。故选B。
76．推理判断题。根据最后一段“While cnversing with them remains a distant dream, Wittemyer said that being able t talk with them culd be a game changer fr their prtectin.(虽然与它们交谈仍然是一个遥远的梦想，但Wittemyer表示，能够与它们交谈可能会改变它们保护的局面。)”可知，Wittemyer认为人与大象交流具有重要意义。故选B。
77．推理判断题。根据第一段“Wild African elephants address each ther with name-like calls, a rare ability amng nnhuman animals, accrding t a new study published in Nature Eclgy and Evlutin.(根据发表在《自然·生态与进化》杂志上的一项新研究，野生非洲大象会用类似名字的叫声来互相称呼，这是非人类动物中罕见的能力。)”可推知，文章介绍了一项新的科学研究，最可能出现在一本科学杂志上。故选A。
3.（2025·辽宁省沈阳市高三上学期一模）In a study, 152 cllege students expsed t misinfrmatin read ne f tw articles intended t give crrect and scientifically backed infrmatin. Thse wh read an article that had “just the facts” preserved mre miscnceptins than thse wh read an article with a refutatin — meaning it specifically pinted ut the false claims befre presenting the facts.
Fr this study, researchers first tested what the student participants knew abut putting fluride (氟化物) in water. The students then read tw articles: ne with false infrmatin saying that fluridatin is harmful and the ther presenting the scientific ideas that fluridatin is safe and prevents dental disease. The participants all read the same misinfrmatin, but different grups read an article with the crrect infrmatin either in a traditinal “just the facts” style r ne that first refuted the misinfrmatin. The study als tested the effects f having the participants read the crrect article befre, r after, the misinfrmatin.
A pst-test revealed that the students still learned under all fur cnditins — but the grup that perfrmed the wrst had seen the misinfrmatin fllwed by a “just the facts” type text. Thse wh had read the refutatin article either befre, r after, the misinfrmatin had fewer miscnceptins. They als had mre psitive emtins tward the subject.
With large amunts f infrmatin easily available nline, it can be hard fr many peple t srt fact frm falsehd. This can cause a prblem called “cnceptual pllutin” — when learning incrrect infrmatin gives rise t interventin and cnfusin in learning the crrect infrmatin. “Yur mind desn’t discriminate fr cntent. Whether it’s a crrect cnceptin r a miscnceptin, it just absrbs it,” Danielsn, a psychlgy researcher, says. Researchers like him are lking fr ways t teach science that break thrugh the nise f misinfrmatin. This study and thers prve that a refutatin apprach is prspective. Researchers als perceive the refutatinal apprach wrks well fr tpics frm physics and chemistry t highly plitical nes.
1．What d we knw abut the student participants in the study?
A．They were divided int tw grups.B．They gt misinfrmatin first.
C．They were shwn right infrmatin.D．They read the same tw articles.
2．In what rder did the prest-perfrming grup read the articles?
A．Misinfrmatin first, then refutatin.B．“Just the facts” first, then misinfrmatin.
C．Refutatin first, then misinfrmatin.D．Misinfrmatin first, then “just the facts”.
3．What des the underlined wrd “nise” prbably mean in paragraph 4?
A．Crrectin.B．Disturbance.C．Occurrence.D．Cmprehensin.
4．Hw des the text develp?
A．Fact — Cntrast — Explanatin — ExpectatinB．Intrductin — Prcess — Result — Cnclusin
C．Backgrund — Prblem — Analysis — SlutinD．Tpic — Classificatin — Discussin — Outcme
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是一项关于信息纠正方式对大学生学习正确科学知识影响的研究。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“In a study, 152 cllege students expsed t misinfrmatin read ne f tw articles intended t give crrect and scientifically backed infrmatin.(在一项研究中，152名接触到错误信息的大学生阅读了两篇旨在提供正确和科学支持信息的文章中的一篇)”可知，参与研究的学生首先得到的是错误信息。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“A pst-test revealed that the students still learned under all fur cnditins — but the grup that perfrmed the wrst had seen the misinfrmatin fllwed by a “just the facts” type text.(测试后结果显示，学生在所有四种情况下都有所学习——但表现最差的一组是先看到了错误信息，然后是“仅事实”类型的文本)”可知，表现最差的一组阅读文章的顺序是首先是错误信息，然后才是“事实”。故选D。
3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“With large amunts f infrmatin easily available nline, it can be hard fr many peple t srt fact frm falsehd. This can cause a prblem called “cnceptual pllutin”—when learning incrrect infrmatin gives rise t interventin and cnfusin in learning the crrect infrmatin.(由于大量信息可以在网上轻松获取，许多人很难区分事实和虚假。这可能会导致一个被称为“概念污染”的问题——当学习不正确的信息时，会导致在学习正确信息时的干预和混乱)”和划线词后的“f misinfrmatin(错误信息的)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“像他这样的研究人员正在寻找能够突破错误信息干扰的科学教学方法”，nise意为“干扰”，和disturbance意思相近。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“In a study, 152 cllege students expsed t misinfrmatin read ne f tw articles intended t give crrect and scientifically backed infrmatin.(在一项研究中，152名接触到错误信息的大学生阅读了两篇旨在提供正确和科学支持信息的文章中的一篇。)”可知，第一段引出了话题，根据第二段“Fr this study, researchers first tested what the student participants knew abut putting fluride (氟化物) in water. The students then read tw articles: ne with false infrmatin saying that fluridatin is harmful and the ther presenting the scientific ideas that fluridatin is safe and prevents dental disease.(在这项研究中，研究人员首先测试了学生参与者对于在水中添加氟化物（fluride）的了解程度。然后，学生们阅读了两篇文章：一篇包含错误信息，声称氟化是有害的；另一篇则提出了科学的观点，认为氟化是安全的，可以预防牙科疾病)”可知，第二段说明了研究的过程，根据第三段“A pst-test revealed that the students still learned under all fur cnditins——but the grup that perfrmed the wrst had seen the misinfrmatin fllwed by a “just the facts” type text.(测试后结果显示，学生在所有四种情况下都有所学习——但表现最差的一组是先看到了错误信息，然后是“仅事实”类型的文本)”可知，第三段说明的是研究结果，根据最后一段“Researchers like him are lking fr ways t teach science that break thrugh the nise f misinfrmatin. This study and thers prve that a refutatin apprach is prspective. Researchers als perceive the refutatinal apprach wrks well fr tpics frm physics and chemistry t highly plitical nes.(像他这样的研究人员正在寻找能够突破错误信息干扰的科学教学方法。这项研究以及其他研究都证明，反驳的方法是有前景的。研究人员还认为，反驳的方法在物理、化学乃至高度政治性的话题上都行之有效)”可知，文章是按“引言—过程—结果—结论”的顺序展开的。故选B。
题型五 阅读理解之推理判断---作者的写作态度
1.（2025·安徽省淮北市和淮南市高三第一次质量检测）Dutch startup Nuwa claims t have invented the “wrld’s mst advanced pen” that digitizes (数字化) ntes written by hand. The Grningen-based cmpany tday annunced a fresh cash injectin f €1. 5 millin t prmte the develpment f the prduct, which uses an inbuilt camera system, mtin sensrs, and artificial intelligence t capture text written n paper.
“Just write, and Nuwa Pen digitizes, ” Marc Tuinier, Nuwa's CEO, tld us. All the ntes are then stred n the startup’s app. They can then be rganized, shared, and integrated with ther apps. A particularly fascinating feature is intelligent ntes, which scans and identifies rich text items such as dates, t-ds, and phne numbers frm the ntes. Users can then link the data with, fr instance, their calendar, t-d app, r phne bk. The feature is integrated with ver 50 apps. Nuwa cmpares it t a persnal assistant that puts yu n tp f yur schedule.
Nuwa is targeting the prduct at peple wh still enjy writing with a pen and ntebk. While many smart pens nly wrk n screens r digital writing systems, Nuwa prmises adaptability with every type f paper. The prduct als uses regular ink refills. “Other smart pen brands rely n special dtted paper t recgnize what the user is writing, s yu’ll als be stuck buying their paper, ” Tuinier said. “Nuwa Pen can be used n any paper. ”
The Nuwa system is built arund tiny design. The device weighs just 28 grams — abut as much as a single AA battery — but prvides enugh pwer fr tw hurs f cntinuus writing. Three tiny cameras are used t digitize the text with 2 mm×2 mm sensrs. All the data is then prcessed directly n the device. “Capturing handwriting frm these sensrs in the pen itself, while a pen is cnstantly mving, is an extremely difficult task t get right — and we’ve dne it, ” Tuinier said. By cmbining the trusty ld ballpint pen with the digital wrld, Nuwa hpes that it can slve ne f thse needs. The device is nw available fr pre-rder.
82．What is the primary functin f the Nuwa Pen?
A．Intergrating pens with ther apps.B．Organizing handwritten ntes digitally.
C．Cmbining all apps int a single platfrm.D．Prviding a slutin fr persnal schedules.
83．Wh is the Nuwa Pen’s main target buyer?
A．Peple wh prefer typing ver handwriting.
B．Peple wh shw interest in smart ink refills.
C．Peple wh have an extra budget fr paper purchase.
D．Peple wh appreciate traditinal pen and paper writing.
84．Why des the authr list a series f numbers in the last paragraph?
A．T shw hw prtable the device is.B．T explain the structure f the cameras.
C．T demnstrate the device’s perating time.D．T describe the materials used in the device.
85．What is the authr’s attitude twards the Nuwa Pen?
A．Dubtful.B．Uncertain.C．Neutral.D．Enthusiastic.
【答案】82．B 83．D 84．A 85．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。荷兰初创公司Nuwa发明了“世界上最先进的笔”，它可以将手写的笔记数字化。文章介绍了这种笔的工作原理和优点等。
82．细节理解题。根据文章第一句“Dutch startup Nuwa claims t have invented the “wrld’s mst advanced pen” that digitizes (数字化) ntes written by hand.(荷兰初创公司Nuwa声称已经发明了“世界上最先进的笔”，可以将手写的笔记数字化。)”可知，Nuwa笔的主要功能是数字化整理手写笔记。故选B项。
83．细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“Nuwa is targeting the prduct at peple wh still enjy writing with a pen and ntebk.(Nuwa的目标客户是那些仍然喜欢用笔和笔记本写字的人。)”可知，Nuwa Pen的主要目标客户是喜欢用传统的纸和笔书写的人。故选D项。
84．推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“The Nuwa system is built arund tiny design. The device weighs just 28 grams — abut as much as a single AA battery — but prvides enugh pwer fr tw hurs f cntinuus writing. Three tiny cameras are used t digitize the text with 2 mm×2 mm sensrs.( Nuwa系统是围绕微小设计而构建的。这款设备的重量只有28克，大约相当于一节AA电池的重量，但它提供的电量足以连续书写两小时。三个微型相机用2个mm×2毫米的传感器将文本数字化。)”可知，作者在最后一段列出一系列数字是为了展示这种笔的小巧，说明这个设备的便携性。故选A项。
85．推理判断题。本文介绍的是荷兰初创公司Nuwa发明的“世界上最先进的笔”，它可以将手写的笔记数字化。作者介绍了这种笔的工作原理和优点等，未表达自己的观点，所以作者的态度是中立的。故选C项。
2.（2025·湖南省娄底市娄底市名校联盟高三月考）In Mirabella, a 20-strey “university retirement cmmunity” at Arizna State University (ASU), a grup f men and wmen sit attentively in class, writing ntes r taking phts f the slides. But the hearing aids hint at hw unusual this class is. Mirabella is hme t ver 300 retirees. When it pened in 2020, the senir-living facility was nearly fully subscribed. Mst residents get a university pass, which allws them t attend the same classes and cultural events as students, withut having t take exams. Glf trucks can drive them arund the campus, thugh many are still fit enugh t muntain bike.
In their drms, restaurants serve gd fd and the facilities include an art studi, a pl and gym, and a games rm. Only the secnd flr feels institutinal, with a memry-care centre and rms fr residents wh need rund-the-clck attentin. This is part f a wider trend. An estimated 85 clleges in America prvide sme frms f senir living. The idea sprang frm tw cllege presidents wh wanted t retire n campus in the 1980s. Tday, universities ffer senir-living arrangements, with as many as 20,000 lder Americans living like this.
With mre than 10,000 baby-bmers in America turning 65 every day, the pprtunity fr alternative frms f retirement is large. Cmpared with previus generatins, bmers are wealthy, educated and picky. They want t remain active, stimulated and nt lcked away. These wishes can all be met n a university campus.
Fr universities, welcming retirees can make sense, t. Natinally, undergraduate enrlment has drpped. The smartest universities prvide cntinued care-including fr the very last stage f life. Bill, an 80-year-ld frmer newspaper editr, mved t Mirabella with his wife tw years ag. They have made friends with residents and with yunger students. “Being amng yung peple is really invigrating,” said Bill. At a discussin grup abut AI, ne f the tpics was whether a lifespan f 200 r 250 years wuld be desirable. “The 20-year-lds were enthusiastic,” he reflected, but thse in their 70s and 80s had sme reservatins.
7．What implies the difference f the grup f peple attending class in Mirabella?
A．They dn’t take ntes in class.B．They take phts f the lectures.
C．Sme f them wear hearing aids.D．They have their wn institutins.
8．What’s the trend described in the text?
A．Clleges prvide senir living services.B．Senir prfessrs remain active in class.
C．Baby-bmers have changed scial nrms.D．Senirs cme back t class fr educatin.
9．What des the underlined wrd “invigrating” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Astnishing.B．Demanding.C．Depressing.D．Inspiring.
10．Hw des the authr view the universities’ welcme f retirees?
A．Negatively.B．Psitively.C．Indifferently.D．Objectively.
【答案】7．C 8．A 9．D 10．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国一些大学为老年人提供退休生活服务的现象，并分析了这一趋势的原因及其对老年人和大学双方的益处。
7．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But the hearing aids hint at hw unusual this class is.(但是助听器暗示了这个班级有多么不寻常)”可知，有些人戴着助听器，这暗示了参加弥拉贝拉课堂的人群的不同之处。故选C项。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Tday, universities ffer senir-living arrangements, with as many as 20,000 lder Americans living like this(如今，大学提供老年生活安排，多达2万名美国老年人过着这样的生活)”可知，文本描述的趋势是大学提供老年生活服务。故选A项。
9．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“They have made friends with residents and with yunger students. (他们和居民以及年轻学生交朋友)”以及“Being amng yung peple is really…,” said Bill.(和年轻人在一起真的很……，比尔说)”可知，他们和居民以及年轻学生交朋友，由此可推知他们和年轻人在一起感到生机勃勃，invigrating的意思是“感到生机勃勃的”，与D项“Inspiring(鼓舞人心的)”含义接近。故选D项。
10．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Fr universities, welcming retirees can make sense, t. (对大学来说，欢迎退休人员也是有道理的)”可知作者认为对大学来说，欢迎退休人员也是有道理的，可推知，作者对大学欢迎退休人员的态度是积极的。故选B项。
3.（2025·安徽省阜阳市高三教学质量统测）Meta has annunced third-party AR filters (滤镜) will n lnger be available n its apps, including Instagram, as f January 2025.
Filters have becme a key feature n Instagram. The mst ppular f these — which ften invlve beautifying the user’s appearance — are created by users themselves via the Meta Spark Studi. Hwever, the use f beautifying AR filters has lng been cnnected t wrsened mental health and bdy image prblems in yung wmen.
S, why wait until nw t remve a ppular but cntrversial (有争议的) technlgy? In April 2024, Meta added a US $35-40 billin investment in the technlgy and is pulling AR technlgy in-huse. Filters will nt be ging away altgether n Instagram. First-party filters created by Meta will cntinue t be available. At present, the 140 filters available n Instagram’s fficial accunt are insignificant cmpared t the library f millins f filters created by third-parties and these fficial filters d nt feature any beautifying nes.
The remval f third-party filters will see cmplex and realistic beautifying filters gne frm Meta platfrms. Hwever, this is hardly cause fr celebratin.
Nw, after having access t AR filters n Instagram fr seven years, users are even mre habituated t their presence. They als have many mre alternatives t access a versin f the technlgy inside anther app.
When peple pst with a filter n Instagram, a watermark that links t the filter and its creatr appears n the image. This watermark is imprtant t assist users in determining whether smene’s appearance is changed r nt. Sme users get arund the watermark by dwnlading their filtered pht, and re-uplading it s their filtered appearance is mre difficult t detect. By remving ppular beauty filters frm Instagram, this practice will becme the default (默认的) way fr users t pst with these filters n the platfrm.
The remval f beauty filters n Instagram will nt stp their use. Instead, it will drive users t ther platfrms t access filters. These filters will be mre sphisticated and harder t detect when they are re-psted crss platfrm, withut the benefit f having the watermark indicatr.
5．What change has Meta made t its AR strategy?
A．It will release beautifying filters in the near future.
B．It has reduced the variety f third-party filters available.
C．It has decided t develp AR technlgy independently.
D．It will cntinue investing in third-party filter develpment.
6．What might Meta’s decisin abut AR filters lead t?
A．Higher quality f third-party filters.B．Enhanced regulatin n AR technlgy.
C．Users’ greater reliance n alternative apps.D．Users’ increasing use f Meta’s fficial filters.
7．What can be inferred abut Instagram’s watermark?
A．It seems t be ineffective.B．It brings users lts f truble.
C．It’s hard t ntice by ne’s eyes.D．It’s a gd way t prevent identity theft.
8．What is the authr’s attitude t Meta’s decisin n AR filters?
A．Tlerant.B．Unclear.C．Favrable.D．Dubtful.
【答案】5．C 6．C 7．A 8．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Meta公司关于其AR滤镜策略的改变，即决定在2025年1月起，包括Instagram在内的应用将不再提供第三方AR滤镜。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Hwever, the use f beautifying AR filters has lng been cnnected t wrsened mental health and bdy image prblems in yung wmen.(然而，使用美化AR滤镜长期以来都与年轻女性的心理健康和身体形象问题恶化有关)”和第三段“In April 2024, Meta added a US $35-40 billin investment in the technlgy and is pulling AR technlgy in-huse. Filters will nt be ging away altgether n Instagram. First-party filters created by Meta will cntinue t be available.(2024年4月，Meta在这项技术上追加了350亿至400亿美元的投资，并将AR技术引入公司内部。Instagram上的滤镜不会完全消失。由Meta创建的第一方滤镜将继续可用)”可知，Meta决定独立开发AR技术，而不是继续依赖第三方滤镜。故选C。
6．推理判断题。根据第五段“Nw, after having access t AR filters n Instagram fr seven years, users are even mre habituated t their presence. They als have many mre alternatives t access a versin f the technlgy inside anther app.(现在，在Instagram上使用AR滤镜七年后，用户更加习惯了它们的存在。他们还有更多的选择来访问另一个应用程序中的该技术版本)”可知，Meta关于AR滤镜的决定可能会导致用户更加依赖替代应用程序来访问类似的滤镜功能。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据第六段“Sme users get arund the watermark by dwnlading their filtered pht, and re-uplading it s their filtered appearance is mre difficult t detect.(一些用户通过下载他们的过滤照片，然后重新上传来绕过水印，这样他们的过滤外观就更难被检测到)”可推知，Instagram的水印似乎并不那么有效，因为用户可以找到方法绕过它。故选A。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The remval f beauty filters n Instagram will nt stp their use. Instead, it will drive users t ther platfrms t access filters. These filters will be mre sphisticated and harder t detect when they are re-psted crss platfrm, withut the benefit f having the watermark indicatr.(Instagram上移除美颜滤镜并不会阻止人们使用它们。相反，这将促使用户转向其他平台来获取滤镜。当这些滤镜跨平台重新发布时，它们将更加复杂，更难被检测到，因为没有水印指示器的优势)”可知，作者认为Meta的决定并不能有效阻止美颜滤镜的使用，反而可能导致用户转向其他平台，使用更复杂、更难检测的滤镜，这表明作者对Meta的决定持怀疑态度。故选D。
题型六 阅读理解之推理判断---推断文章出处
1.（2025·湖南省长沙市高三新高考适应性考试）Nwadays sme dcumentaries kind f blw viewers away with their unique shting skills and fascinating insights. Here are three picks amng them fr 2024.
● Fantasy Westward Jurney
Chief Directr: Liu Yile Length: Six Episdes
Prducers: Chen Xiayu Bradcasting Platfrms: Bilibili
This film series is the first game dcumentary created by NetEase and a CCTV prductin team. It shws the integratin f vide game prductin with traditinal shadw play art, ancient building restratin techniques, and mvable-type printing, which embdies the cnnectin between Chinese intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) and vide game prductin.
● Beautiful Guangdng and Wild Lingnan
Prducers: Rng Mingchang, Liu Jiangta Length: Five Episdes
Prducers: Nanfang Metrplis Daily, N vide Bradcasting Platfrms: Tencent Vide, Bilibili
Rich with muntains, casts and valleys, Lingnan area in the suth f China is blessed with thusands f recrded animals and plants. This dcumentary series fcuses n gegraphical features, presenting the beautiful scenery and vitality f wild creatures native t Guangdng Prvince.
● A Meeting with Architects (Seasn Ⅱ)
Directrs: Jia Li, Liang Shuai Length: Ten Episdes
Prducers: I-TALK Bradcasting Platfrms: Bilibili
This dcumentary is the first n-the-spt interview series abut persnalities in the field f architecture in China. Each episde features an interview with star architects like Ma Yansng and Li Xiangning at the cnstructin site, filming the mment f inspiratin and the spirit f the mdern era. It aims t shw a deep understanding f the essence f architecture—it is nt nly the presentatin f the architect’s design, but als a shared space that everyne can interact with thrugh bdy and mind.
7．Wh dcument varius wild creatures in the suthern China?
A．Liu Yile and Chen XiayuJiaB．Li and Liang Shuai
C．Rng Mingchang and Liu JiangtaD．Ma Yansng and Li Xiangning
8．What is special abut A Meeting with Architects (Seasn Ⅱ)?
A．It bradcasts n Bilibili.B．It features face-t-face talks.
C．It presents restratin skills.D．It shwcases the mdern art.
9．Where is the text prbably taken frm?
A．A magazine.B．A brchure.C．A reprt.D．A textbk.
【答案】7．C 8．B 9．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了 2024 年三部值得一看的纪录片，包括《梦幻西游》《大美广东 野性岭南》以及《与建筑师的对话（第二季）》，分别介绍了它们的主创人员、时长、播放平台以及各自的特色内容。
7．细节理解题。根据“Beautiful Guangdng and Wild Lingnan”部分中“Prducers: Rng Mingchang, Liu Jiangta Length: Five Episdes; This dcumentary series fcuses n gegraphical features, presenting the beautiful scenery and vitality f wild creatures native t Guangdng Prvince(制片人：荣明昌、刘江涛；集数：五集；本纪录片系列聚焦地理风貌，展现广东省本土野生动植物的美丽景色和生命力)”可知，制片人荣明昌和刘江涛制作的《大美广东 野性岭南》这部纪录片聚焦于地理特征，展示了广东省本土野生动物的美丽景色和活力，也就是他们记录了中国南方的各种野生动物。所以记录中国南方各种野生动物的是荣明昌和刘江涛，故选C项。
8．细节理解题。根据“A Meeting with Architects (Seasn Ⅱ)”部分中“This dcumentary is the first n-the-spt interview series abut persnalities in the field f architecture in China. Each episde features an interview with star architects like Ma Yansng and Li Xiangning at the cnstructin site, filming the mment f inspiratin and the spirit f the mdern era(本纪录片是中国首部关于建筑领域人物的实地访谈系列片。每集都有对明星建筑师如马岩松、李晓明等在施工现场的采访，拍摄灵感时刻和现代精神)”可知，《与建筑师的对话（第二季）》这部纪录片是中国第一部关于建筑领域人物的现场采访系列片，每一集都有在建筑工地对马岩松和李翔宁等明星建筑师的采访，拍摄灵感瞬间和现代精神。所以它的特别之处在于以面对面的访谈为特色，故选B项。
9．推理判断题。根据第一段“Nwadays sme dcumentaries kind f blw viewers away with their unique shting skills and fascinating insights. Here are three picks amng them fr 2024(如今，一些纪录片以独特的拍摄技巧和引人入胜的视角震撼着观众。以下是2024年其中三部精选之作)”、“Beautiful Guangdng and Wild Lingnan”部分中“Prducers: Rng Mingchang, Liu Jiangta Length: Five Episdes; This dcumentary series fcuses n gegraphical features, presenting the beautiful scenery and vitality f wild creatures native t Guangdng Prvince(制片人：荣明章、刘江涛；集数：五集；本纪录片系列聚焦地理风貌，展现广东省本土野生动植物的美丽景色和生命力)”以及“A Meeting with Architects (Seasn Ⅱ)”部分中“This dcumentary is the first n-the-spt interview series abut persnalities in the field f architecture in China. Each episde features an interview with star architects like Ma Yansng and Li Xiangning at the cnstructin site, filming the mment f inspiratin and the spirit f the mdern era(本纪录片是中国首部关于建筑领域人物的实地访谈系列片。每集都有对明星建筑师如马岩松、李晓明等在施工现场的采访，拍摄灵感时刻和现代精神)”可知，文章主要介绍了 2024 年三部值得一看的纪录片，包括它们的主创人员、时长、播放平台以及各自的特色内容，这种对不同纪录片的介绍和推荐比较符合杂志的内容范畴，可推理出这篇文章可能取自一本杂志，故选A项。
2.（2025·黑龙江省大庆市高三第二次教学质量检测）There are always sme places that seem t g well beynd ur earthly expectatins. These incredible lcatins are similar t thse in science fictins, catching ur imaginatin and transprting us t therwrldly grunds.
Cappadcia, Turkey
Lcated in central Anatlia, the area is knwn fr its unusual rck frmatins knwn as “fairy chimneys.” These clumns, created by vlcanes and ersin (腐蚀) ver millins f years, give the regin its therwrldly appearance.
Tsingy de Bemaraha
The remarkable sight attracts visitrs with its unique limestne (石灰石) frmatins. Stretching ver 1,500-square kilmeters, Tsingy, which means “where ne cannt walk bareft,” cntains sharp surfaces and undergrund caves, frming a dramatic landscape. Adventurers can explre the park via bridges and ladders t witness the breathtaking beauty f this natural wnder.
Zhangye Danxia Natinal Gelgical Park
Lcated in China’s Gansu prvince, Zhangye Danxia Natinal Gelgical Park cntains landfrms that are ne f nature’s masterpieces. Its vivid, rainbw-clred rck frmatins have been shaped by wind and water ersin ver millins f years. The layers f red, range and yellw create a landscape that lks as if it were n a different planet altgether.
Mexic’s Yucatan Peninsula
Lcated within the remarkable landscapes f Mexic’s Yucatan Peninsula, the centes (洞井) present a place f therwrldly beauty. These natural sinkhles, created by the cllapse f their limestne base, pen up int charming undergrund caves and shining pls. Rays f sunlight dance thrugh the penings in the walls, lighting up the waters belw, telling a tale f nature’s artistry.
Visiting these places nt nly prvides a visual feast, but als reminds us f the incredible wnder here n Earth.
1．What is unique abut Tsingy de Bemaraha?
A．It features sharp grunds.B．It lies partly undergrund.
C．It witnesses vlcanic activities.D．It cntains limestne bridges.
2．Where can visitrs appreciate clrful rcks?
A．Cappadcia, Turkey.
B．Tsingy de Bemaraha.
C．Zhangye Danxia Natinal Gelgical Park.
D．Mexic’s Yucatan Peninsula.
3．Where is this text prbably frm?
A．A gegraphy textbk.B．An architecture reprt.
C．A travel magazine.D．An art album.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C
【解析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几个极具视觉冲击力、仿佛超越地球的神奇自然景观，包括位于土耳其的卡帕多西亚、马达加斯加的贝马拉哈石林、中国的张掖丹霞地貌以及墨西哥尤卡坦半岛，这些地方展示了自然奇观和地质魅力。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Tsingy, which means “where ne cannt walk bareft,”cntains sharp surfaces and undergrund caves, frming a dramatic landscape(“Tsingy”意为“不能光脚走的地方”，包含尖锐的地表和地下洞穴，形成了戏剧性的景观)”可知，Tsingy de Bemaraha以其尖锐的地表为特征。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Its vivid, rainbw-clred rck frmatins have been shaped by wind and water ersin ver millins f years(它生动的彩虹色岩层是经过数百万年的风化和水蚀形成的)”以及描述张掖丹霞地貌颜色的“layers f red, range and yellw(红色、橙色和黄色的多层岩石)”可知，在中国的张掖丹霞地貌可以观赏到色彩斑斓的岩层。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段“There are always sme places that seem t g well beynd ur earthly expectatins. These incredible lcatins are similar t thse in science fictins, catching ur imaginatin and transprting us t therwrldly grunds.(总有一些地方似乎远远超出了我们世俗的期望。这些令人难以置信的地点与科幻小说中的相似，激发了我们的想象力，把我们带到另一个世界)”并结合下文可知，文章介绍了几个极具视觉冲击力、仿佛超越地球的神奇自然景观，包括位于土耳其的卡帕多西亚、马达加斯加的贝马拉哈石林、中国的张掖丹霞地貌以及墨西哥尤卡坦半岛，这些地方展示了自然奇观和地质魅力。所以推测短文来自旅游杂志。故选C项。
3.（2025·甘肃临夏州高中高三期末质量检测）Perhaps yu’ve seen a giant sculpture f a frk, and wndered, hw n Earth is this art? I’ll bet yu didn’t dare ask it ut lud, fr fear f lking awkward. Luckily fr us, Bianca Bsker is willing t dive int the art wrld in Get the Picture, where she explres the spiritual richness art itself prvides.
She sets ut t develp what art lvers call an “Eye” a keen perceptin (感知) t separate the “gd” art frm the“bad”. She finds ut that the art wrld can be tugh fr peple wh can’t affrd art schl and there’s a lt f mean behavir frm thse at the tp.
Even thugh Bsker’s experiences might make yu feel less sure abut art, she keeps lking deeper and finds ut that art can make peple happy, whether they’re creating it r just lking at it.
While expanding n the meaning f art, Bsker demnstrates that ur brains have a “filter (过滤器)” that helps us quickly understand the wrld arund us. This filter lets us ignre sme things and fcus n thers. This filter allws us t take mental shrtcuts and dismiss certain visual details t rapidly prcess ur chatic envirnment.
One functin f art, Bsker writes, is t remve this filter t reexamine the wrld with renewed wnder. Art has a curing quality, a fact that’s seized upn by dctrs wh will ask the patients t visit art museums. Over tw dzen medical schls require students t study paintings t avid jumping t cnclusins. Instead f lecturing frm an authritative angle, Bsker lets readers witness at eye level her grwing clarity f art’s functin.
In the end, readers dn’t get a cmplete answer fr humankind’s fascinatin with art. Bsker instead ffers her wn interpretatin: Art is a way t find beauty and heighten ur appreciatin fr life. In laying bare the truth f an “Eye”. Bsker argues that art is everywhere and can be anything, as lng as we’re pen t letting what we see mve us. By the last page, yu’ll be frced t revisit that frk sculpture and behld the artwrk with fresh eyes.
4．What is the main purpse f Get the Picture?
A．T criticize the sculpture art wrld.B．T prve that art has n spiritual value.
C．T explain hw t appreciate art.D．T argue that art has n curing quality.
5．What des the term “Eye” refer t in the secnd paragraph?
A．The ability t perceive art critically.B．A physical cnditin that affects visin.
C．A type f art schl training prgram.D．The way artists sign their wn wrk.
6．What des Bsker suggest in the last paragraph?
A．We shuld appreciate art with a prfessinal backgrund.
B．We shuld be pen t letting art affect us emtinally.
C．We shuld fcus n the spiritual value f art wrks.
D．We shuld visit art museums as ften as we can.
7．What is the text?
A．A news reprt.B．A bk review.C．A children’s stry.D．A diary entry.
【答案】4．C 5．A 6．B 7．B
【解析】本文是一篇书评。文章主要介绍了Bianca Bsker的《Get the Picture》一书，介绍了该书的主题，以及作者在书中的经历和发现。并总结了书的观点，讲述了这本书对读者的启发。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Perhaps yu’ve seen a giant sculpture f a frk, and wndered, hw n Earth is this art? I’ll bet yu didn’t dare ask it ut lud, fr fear f lking awkward. Luckily fr us, Bianca Bsker is willing t dive int the art wrld in Get the Picture, where she explres the spiritual richness art itself prvides.(或许你曾见过一座巨大的餐叉雕塑，心里琢磨着，这究竟怎么就成了艺术？我敢打赌，你不敢大声问出来，生怕显得自己很外行。对我们来说幸运的是， Bianca Bsker在《Get the Picture》一书中勇闯艺术世界，探究艺术本身所蕴含的精神内涵。)”可知，这本书主要是探索艺术的精神内涵，并且培养一种欣赏艺术的“慧眼”，即解释如何欣赏艺术。故选C。
5．推理判断题。根据这个单词所在句“She sets ut t develp what art lvers call an “Eye” a keen perceptin (感知) t separate the “gd” art frm the “bad”.(她着手培养艺术爱好者口中“Eye”，即一种敏锐的感知力，用以区分“好”艺术与“坏”艺术。)”可推测，“Eye”是一种能够敏锐地分辨“好”艺术和“坏”艺术的感知能力，也就是批判性地感知艺术的能力。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Bsker argues that art is everywhere and can be anything, as lng as we’re pen t letting what we see mve us. By the last page, yu’ll be frced t revisit that frk sculpture and behld the artwrk with fresh eyes.(在揭示“Eye”的真谛时，Bsker主张艺术无处不在，任何事物皆可成为艺术，只要我们敞开心扉，让所见之物触动自己。读到最后一页，你会忍不住重新审视那座餐叉雕塑，以全新的眼光去看待这件艺术品。)”可知，Bsker认为只要我们敞开心扉，让我们看到的艺术作品打动自己，艺术无处不在，任何事物都可以是艺术，即我们应该开放心态让艺术在情感上影响我们。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇引出 Bianca Bsker 的《Get the Picture》这本书，接着介绍书中作者对艺术的探索，如培养“慧眼”、艺术世界的情况、艺术的功能等内容，最后总结书的观点及对读者的启发，符合书评对书籍内容进行介绍、分析和评价的特点，所以是一篇书评。故选B。
题型七 阅读理解之推理判断---推断文章走势
1.（2025·山东省德州市优高联盟九校联考高三月考）Yu may regard a wave as a cmmn gesture, but what happens when yu wave t yur Eurpean friend acrss the street and she turns t walk the ther way?
It isn't because yur friend is tired f yur cmpany. While mst Americans interpret a wave as a friendly greeting r gdbye, the same mvement is just as likely t express n in parts f Eurpe and Latin America. The same dissnance is true f ther signals: shwing the number tw by hlding up tw fingers with the palm facing inward is inffensive in mst f the wrld, but it's a rude gesture in the United Kingdm and Australia.
The mst cmmn understanding f the subject relates bdy language t spken language. Gestures with specific meanings, while infrmally called “bdy language, belng t the field f kinesics(人体动作学), an area f study that distinguishes these mvements frm instinctive actins, such as smiling when happy. Develped by Ray Birdwhistell in the 1950s, kinesics uses the building blcks f linguistics t understand hw gestures prduce meaning. As the units f sund that frm spken wrds are called phnemes(音素), the units f mvement that frm kinesic gestures are called kinemes—and, as the same phneme can cmmunicate a different meaning acrss languages, the same kineme can als cmmunicate different meanings in different cultures r cntexts. Fr example, the thumbs-up kineme indicates praise in Nrth America, but it means smething extremely rude in Australia.
There's ne mre mess in understanding nnverbal cmmunicatin, thugh. Althugh bdy language isn't universal, the emtins behind it may be. In a study perfrmed by American researcher Paul Ekman, participants frm the West, insular African cmmunities, and New Guinea were shwn a cllectin f mre than 10,000 images illustrating different facial expressins. When 90 percent f participants regardless f cultural backgrund, identified the same emtins in the phts, Ekman cncluded that there were at least seven universal facial expressins: anger, disgust, fear, surprise, happiness, sadness, and cntempt.
6．What des the underlined wrd in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Cmparisn.B．Disharmny.C．Thery.D．Discmfrt.
7．What is the similarity between bdy and spken language?
A．They can be divided int the field f kinesics tgether.
B．They are based n mvements frm instinctive actins.
C．They cnvey different meanings with the same element.
D．They can unite peple in different cuntries and regins.
8．Hw did Paul Ekman reach his cnclusin?
A．By interviewing participants frm diverse backgrunds.
B．By asking participants t shw many facial expressins.
C．By bserving hw participants reacted t thse images.
D．By judging if participants recgnized the same emtins.
9．What might be discussed in the fllwing text?
A．Other types f facial expressins.B．Applicatins f facial expressins.
C．Drawbacks f Paul Ekman's study.D．Frms f nnverbal cmmunicatin.
【答案】6．B 7．C 8．D 9．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述语言不是通用，但其背后的情感可能是通用的。
6．词义猜测题。根据第二段划线词上文“While mst Americans interpret a wave as a friendly greeting r gdbye, the same mvement is just as likely t express n in parts f Eurpe and Latin America.(虽然大多数美国人认为挥手是友好的问候或再见，但在欧洲和拉丁美洲的部分地区，同样的动作也可能表示“不”)”及下文“shwing the number tw by hlding up tw fingers with the palm facing inward is inffensive in mst f the wrld, but it’s a rude gesture in the United Kingdm and Australia.(在世界上大多数地方，举起两根手指，掌心朝内表示数字2是无害的，但在英国和澳大利亚，这是一种粗鲁的手势。)”可知下文在解释这一名词，即同一肢体语言，在不通过地方含义不通过，因此推断划线单词含义是“不一致，差异”。故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据第三段“As the units f sund that frm spken wrds are called phnemes(音素), the units f mvement that frm kinesic gestures are called kinemes — and, as the same phneme can cmmunicate a different meaning acrss languages, the same kineme can als cmmunicate different meanings in different cultures r cntexts.(构成口语的声音单位被称为音素，构成肢体动作的运动单位被称为势位——同样的音素可以在不同的语言中传达不同的意思，同样的势位也可以在不同的文化或语境中传达不同的意思。)”可知，肢体语言与口语的相似之处是，它们用同样的元素传达了不同的含义。故选C。
8．细节理解题。根据最后一段“When 90 percent f participants regardless f cultural backgrund, identified the same emtins in the phts, Ekman cncluded that there were at least seven universal facial expressins: anger, disgust, fear, surprise, happiness, sadness, and cntempt.(当90%的参与者不分文化背景，在照片中识别出相同的情绪时，Ekman得出结论，至少有七种通用的面部表情：愤怒、厌恶、恐惧、惊讶、快乐、悲伤和蔑视。)”可知，Paul Ekman通过判断参与者是否认识到相同的情绪得出结论。故选D。
9．推理判断题。根据最后一段“When 90 percent f participants regardless f cultural backgrund, identified the same emtins in the phts, Ekman cncluded that there were at least seven universal facial expressins: anger, disgust, fear, surprise, happiness, sadness, and cntempt.(当90%的参与者不分文化背景，在照片中识别出相同的情绪时，Ekman得出结论，至少有七种通用的面部表情：愤怒、厌恶、恐惧、惊讶、快乐、悲伤和蔑视。)”可知，Paul Ekman发现，在不通过文化背景下，有些面部表情是通用的，因此可以推断接下来要讲述这些通用的面部表情可以有哪些应用。故选B。
2.（2025·山东省济宁市高三上学期1月期末）Peple’s tendency t fllw trends, especially n scial media — even when they lk silly r take risks ding s — is definitely a cmmn phenmenn. What des psychlgy say abut trend fllwing — and is there a way t break free frm the desire t fllw the newest craze?
Accrding t Psychlgist Pamela B．Rutledge, fllwing trends isn’t a sign f character weakness r mental instability. Rather, it is an entirely natural behavir embedded in humanity’s fundamental need t belng t a scial grup and establish cnnectins with thers.
Histrically, fllwing trends was crucial fr ur survival. Archaelgists have uncvered evidence that early humans wrked tgether t transprt stne tls ver lng distances abut tw millin years ag in what is nw Kenya — cperatin that allwed them t survive in a severe envirnment. And thugh fllwing a trend n scial media isn’t exactly as imprtant as utrunning a saber-tthed tiger, human evlutin has prgrammed ur brains t be receptive t scial signals.
Anther cntributing factr the scial cgnitin (认知) — the prcesses that determine what we ntice and hw we respnd t thers — largely takes place in the parts f the brain that versee sight, pattern recgnitin, decisin-making, empathy, and similar functins. “Thanks t ur humans’ cmplex cgnitive systems, ur brains are really gd at identifying patterns and stimulating behavir that cmmunicates ur scial status. As a result, yu can use almst anything t signal yur membership r affiliatin with a scial grup. Giving ff the right scial signals lets thers knw which grup yu belng t r want t engage with — and thse signals are mnitred and interpreted by thers. Referred t as identity signaling, these behavirs can range frm putting a bumper sticker n a car t selecting a brand f clthing,” said Rutledge.
Almst everyne fllws trends in scial grups, withut exceptin. Hwever, tweens, teenagers, and yung adults are especially likely t fllw trends, including risky nes, due t their heightened desire fr acceptance and belnging amng peers. Therefre, it’s f great significance t guide them during their jurney twards maturity.
1．What des Rutledge think f fllwing trends?
A．Changeable.B．Reasnable.C．Odd.D．Risky.
2．Why did early humans prefer t fllw trends?
A．T remve mental weakness.B．T shw their scial status.
C．T live thrugh difficulties.D．T expand their ppulatin.
3．What is the hidden meaning f identity signaling?
A．Gd taste in fashin.B．Blind pursuit f nvelty.
C．A true reflectin f persnality.D．A keen thirst fr belnging.
4．What will the fllw-up paragraph mst prbably talk abut?
A．Tips n embracing trends sensibly.B．Insights int frthcming trends.
C．Parental guidance in kids’ future jbs.D．Psychlgy behind trend adptin.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们跟随潮流的心理现象及原因。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Accrding t Psychlgist Pamela B. Rutledge, fllwing trends isn’t a sign f character weakness r mental instability. Rather, it is an entirely natural behavir embedded in humanity’s fundamental need t belng t a scial grup and establish cnnectins with thers.(根据心理学家Pamela B. Rutledge的说法，跟风并不是性格软弱或精神不稳定的表现。相反，这是一种完全自然的行为，根植于人类属于一个社会群体并与他人建立联系的基本需求)”可知，Rutledge认为跟随潮流是合理的。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Histrically, fllwing trends was crucial fr ur survival.(从历史上看，追随趋势对我们的生存至关重要)”可推知，早期人类跟随潮流主要是为了在困难中生存。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Thanks t ur humans’ cmplex cgnitive systems, ur brains are really gd at identifying patterns and stimulating behavir that cmmunicates ur scial status. As a result, yu can use almst anything t signal yur membership r affiliatin with a scial grup. Giving ff the right scial signals lets thers knw which grup yu belng t r want t engage with— and thse signals are mnitred and interpreted by thers. Referred t as identity signaling, these behavirs can range frm putting a bumper sticker n a car t selecting a brand f clthing,” said(由于人类复杂的认知系统，我们的大脑非常擅长识别模式和刺激能够传达我们社会地位的行为。因此，你几乎可以用任何东西来表明你与一个社会团体的成员身份或隶属关系。发出正确的社交信号会让别人知道你属于哪个群体，或者想要参与其中——而这些信号会被其他人监控和解读。拉特利奇说：“这些行为被称为身份信号，从在汽车保险杠上贴贴纸到选择服装品牌”）可知，身份信号的隐含意思是属于群体的强烈渴望。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Almst everyne fllws trends in scial grups, withut exceptin. Hwever, tweens, teenagers, and yung adults are especially likely t fllw trends, including risky nes, due t their heightened desire fr acceptance and belnging amng peers. Therefre, it’s f great significance t guide them during their jurney twards maturity.(几乎每个人都追随社会群体的潮流，无一例外。然而，青少年和年轻人特别容易追随潮流，包括冒险的，因为他们渴望被同龄人接受和归属感。因此，引导他们走向成熟具有重要意义)”可推知，接下来的段落可能会讨论理性接纳潮流的建议。故选A。
Passage 1
1.（2025·广东省深圳市罗湖区高三期末）I have been studying the French language fr three years. This field f study has been the hardest but mst precius f my life. I wuld put it abve the study f writing simply because I started writing as a 6-year-ld by under my mther’s guidance. I always “felt” I culd write. I did nt always “feel” I culd study a freign language effectively.
But here I am, right nw, in a French htel. I spke French at the brder, when I checked in and when I went t get lunch. I fail t speak with fluency. I mishear wrds. I can’t really use cmplicated grammar. But my wrds are perfectly understandable and serve their purpse. I feel, as I always d, like I am lst in the dark, but with each misstep, I find my way mre clearly. I didn’t feel it when reading French nvels; I didn’t feel it at schl. I just felt it when I first arrived Paris.
I’m emphasizing feelings because, when studying, they are as imprtant as any reality. The fear f making mistakes feeds the hpeless and makes learners quit. It is nt the study f language that is hard. It is the feelings f wh yu are at the present level and pessimistic belief f wh yu will always be that make it hard. The transfrmatin t turn struggles int grwth is what truly makes learning a life-changing jurney.
Maybe ne day, smene will say smething t me that I d nt understand, and in that mment. I may feel a bit discuraged. But nw, I feel a sense f being high. These mments f cnfidence and mtivatin are precius, fr they remind me f hw far I’ve cme. They are nt the nrm (常态), thugh. The truth is, the lws are what I encunter mre ften. They are part f the learning prcess, part f the transfrmatin that shapes us int better versins f urselves. And yet, it is thrugh these lws that I am cnstantly learning and grwing.
1．Hw des the authr feel abut making mistakes in French?
A．Awkward.B．Hpeless.C．Cmpetent.D．Rewarding.
2．Why des the authr emphasize feelings?
A．T highlight his struggles in learning French.
B．T shw that psitive thinking can drive grwth.
C．T illustrate that peple shuld fllw their hearts.
D．T clarify his experience in mindset transfrmatin.
3．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．The lws are always fllwed by highs.
B．Feeling cnfident shuld be made a nrm.
C．Struggles are an essential part f learning.
D．The ups are the real times when learning ccurs.
4．Which statement might the authr prbably agree with?
A．Fail again, fail better.B．Stay grunded, wrk fr greatness.
C．Accept the lws, wait fr the chance.D．Be curageus, explre the unknwn.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了学习过程中的挣扎、错误与成长之间的关系，以及这些经历对个人成长的重要性。
1． 推理判断题。根据第二段中“I fail t speak with fluency. I mishear wrds. I can’t really use cmplicated grammar. But my wrds are perfectly understandable and serve their purpse. (我说得不流利。我听错单词。我真的不会使用复杂的语法。但我的话完全可以理解，并且达到了目的。)”以及最后一段中“These mments f cnfidence and mtivatin are precius, fr they remind me f hw far I’ve cme. (这些自信和动力的时刻是宝贵的，因为它们提醒我我已经走了多远。)”可知，作者认为自己在法语中犯错是宝贵的经历，并且能让他意识到自己的进步，故作者认为在法语中犯错是值得的。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The fear f making mistakes feeds the hpeless and makes learners quit. It is nt the study f language that is hard. It is the feelings f wh yu are at the present level and pessimistic belief f wh yu will always be that make it hard. The transfrmatin t turn struggles int grwth is what truly makes learning a life-changing jurney. (对犯错误的恐惧滋养了绝望，使学习者放弃。难的不是语言学习本身。难的是你在当前水平的自我认知，以及你对自己永远会是这样的悲观信念。将挣扎转化为成长的转变，才是真正让学习成为改变人生的旅程。)”可知，作者强调感受是为了表明积极的思考可以推动成长，将挣扎转化为成长的转变，才是真正让学习成为改变人生的旅程。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The truth is, the lws are what I encunter mre ften. They are part f the learning prcess, part f the transfrmatin that shapes us int better versins f urselves. And yet, it is thrugh these lws that I am cnstantly learning and grwing. (事实是，我遇到更多的是低谷。它们是学习过程的一部分，是塑造我们成为更好自己的转变的一部分。然而，正是通过这些低谷，我一直在学习和成长。)”可知，作者认为挣扎和低谷是学习过程中的重要部分，它们有助于我们的成长。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Maybe ne day, smene will say smething t me that I d nt understand, and in that mment. I may feel a bit discuraged. But nw, I feel a sense f being high. These mments f cnfidence and mtivatin are precius, fr they remind me f hw far I’ve cme. (这些自信和动力的时刻是宝贵的，因为它们提醒我我已经走了多远。)”可知，作者认为自己在法语中犯错是宝贵的经历，并且能让他意识到自己的进步；再根据最后一段中“The truth is, the lws are what I encunter mre ften. They are part f the learning prcess, part f the transfrmatin that shapes us int better versins f urselves. And yet, it is thrugh these lws that I am cnstantly learning and grwing. (事实是，我遇到更多的是低谷。它们是学习过程的一部分，是塑造我们成为更好自己的转变的一部分。然而，正是通过这些低谷，我一直在学习和成长。)”可知，作者认为挣扎和低谷是学习过程中的重要部分，它们有助于我们的成长，由此可知，作者可能同意“再试一次，更好地失败”这一观点，即不要害怕失败，要从失败中学习并再次尝试。故选A。
2.（2025·山东省济宁市高三期末）“What’s special abut ur species?” is a questin scientists have wrestled with fr centuries. Nw an evlutinary anthrplgist Thmas Mrgan has a new thery that culd change the way we perceive urselves, and the wrld.
“It was basically accepted that it was the ability f human culture — the shared bdy f knwledge passed dwn acrss generatins — t accumulate (累积) and evlve that made us special, but ur new discveries are challenging that and frcing us t rethink what makes us as a species unique,” said Mrgan.
Just as humans pass n knwledge t ur children, when a new queen leafcutter ant hatches, she cllects a little muthful f her mther’s genetic material t start a new family. Even lcusts use cmplex evlving systems t adapt t lcal cnditins, relying n epigenetic changes — hw factrs like age and envirnment can change gene activity withut changing DNA sequence (序列) — t quickly evlve between green r yellw-and-black frms based n verppulatin.
S, if animals d have evlving cultures, then what’s special abut human culture? Mrgan pinted ut that we humans are s special because f ur “pen-endedness” — ur ability t cmmunicate and understand an infinite number f pssibilities in life, whereas animals’ inability t easily imagine cmplicated sequences r subgals limits their way f thinking.
“Fr example, when I’m making my bys’ breakfast in the mrning, it’s a nested, multi-step prcess. First, I need t get the bwls and pts and ther equipment. Then I put the ingredients in the pt, all in the right amunts and rder, ck it, mnitring temperature until it reaches the right cnsistency, and then serve it up. Each f these steps is a subgal. This cmplex prcedure is hard fr animals t interpret,” said Mrgan.
When it cmes t the limit f this system, human brains just keep ging, which allws us t perfrm a near-infinite set f behavirs — this is pen-endedness.
1．What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．The human culture.B．The cmmn belief.
C．The latest discvery.D．The new species.
2．What can be learned in paragraph 3?
A．The fittest are likely t survive best.B．DNA’ s sequence is basically unstable.
C．Culture accumulatin isn’t exclusive t humans.D．Parents attach imprtance t children’ s educatin.
3．Why des Mrgan cite the breakfast-making example?
A．T display his superb cking skills.B．T explain the cmplexity f cking.
C．T stress the imprtance f gal-setting.D．T shw animals’ struggle with subgals.
4．Which can best describe the cre f human pen-endedness?
A．Orderly.B．Bundless.C．Cnsistent.D．Inclusive.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了新的研究发现动物也有不断进行的文化，说明了人类文化的特别之处以及特点。
1．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“It was basically accepted that it was the ability f human culture — the shared bdy f knwledge passed dwn acrss generatins — t accumulate (累积) and evlve that made us special, but ur new discveries are challenging(人们基本上认为，是人类文化的能力——代代相传的共同知识体系——积累和进化使我们与众不同，但我们的新发现正在挑战)”可知，but表示转折，上文提到人们普遍信念是人类文化的能力——代代相传的共同知识体系——积累和进化使我们与众不同，但是新发现挑战了这一普遍信念。故that指的是“普遍的信念”。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Just as humans pass n knwledge t ur children, when a new queen leafcutter ant hatches, she cllects a little muthful f her mther’s genetic material t start a new family. Even lcusts use cmplex evlving systems t adapt t lcal cnditins, relying n epigenetic changes — hw factrs like age and envirnment can change gene activity withut changing DNA sequence (序列) — t quickly evlve between green r yellw-and-black frms based n verppulatin.(就像人类把知识传给我们的孩子一样，当一只新的切叶蚁蚁后孵化出来时，它会收集一小口母亲的遗传物质来组建一个新的家庭。即使是蝗虫也使用复杂的进化系统来适应当地条件，依靠表观遗传变化——年龄和环境等因素如何在不改变DNA序列的情况下改变基因活性——在种群过剩的基础上快速进化成绿色或黄黑相间的形式)”可知，蚂蚁和蝗虫也可以积累文化，即文化积累不是人类独有的。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Mrgan pinted ut that we humans are s special because f ur “pen-endedness” — ur ability t cmmunicate and understand an infinite number f pssibilities in life, whereas animals’ inability t easily imagine cmplicated sequences r subgals limits their way f thinking.(摩根指出，我们人类之所以如此特别，是因为我们的“开放性”——我们有能力沟通和理解生活中无数的可能性，而动物无法轻易想象复杂的序列或子目标，这限制了它们的思维方式)”可知，摩根引用做早餐的例子是为了展示动物在子目标上的挣扎。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“When it cmes t the limit f this system, human brains just keep ging, which allws us t perfrm a near-infinite set f behavirs— this is pen-endedness.(当涉及到这个系统的极限时，人类的大脑只是继续前进，这允许我们执行近乎无限的行为集——那就是开放性)”可知，人类开放性的核心是无限的。故选B。
3.（2025·山东省德州市第二中学高三月考）Many years ag, I gt drunk. The next mrning, I tld my dad what happened. “We had sme wine at the restaurant”, I said, “and then sme beer. It desn’t seem enugh fr me t feel this bad.” My dad said smething I carry with me t this day, “Beer befre wine and yu’ll feel fine; wine befre beer and yu’ll feel queer (奇怪的).”
Out f all the many pieces f advice my father handed dwn ver the years, nly a few stick in my memry. And thse are the nes that rhyme. This is knwn as the “rhyme-as-reasn effect”, a cgnitive (认知的) phenmenn with lts f real-life, practical applicatin. There’s a strange fact: Yu might be able t remember all the lines f the sng frm yur childhd, yet yu can’t remember smething that happened last week. When we use rhymes, we break dwn details int smething that can mre easily be stred and recvered.
We ften judge rhymes mre favrably. Friedrich Nietzsche was a big fan f aphrisms (格言). He wrte a series f bks entirely in aphrisms because he knew that a well-rganized turn f phrase cut int yur understanding far quicker than essays. He expressed in ne f his bks, “We smetimes cnsider an idea truer simply because it rhymes and presents itself with a brilliant skip and jump.”
Tw psychlgists, Matthew McGlne and Jessica Tfighbakhsh, investigated this phenmenn. They presented their participants with a series f aphrisms — sme are rhymed; thers nt. They discvered that nt nly did participants aesthetically (审美上) prefer the rhymed sentences, but they mre ften cnsidered them mre accurate. Despite participants agreeing that aesthetic qualities dn’t represent truth, they culdn’t avid their wn prejudice. This led the team t remember the pet Jhn Keats’ line: “Beauty is truth; truth beauty.”
There are tw imprtant lessns t learn frm this. The first is that rhyming makes fr lng-term memry. If yu want t remember it, rhyme it. The secnd is that rhyming desn’t equal accuracy. My dad’s wisdm might sund neat but it is based n insufficient evidence. Keep in mind that a nice turn f phrase isn’t necessarily better than an awkward ne.
1．What can we knw abut the “rhyme-as-reasn effect”?
A．It cnveys a deeper meaning.B．It is less frequently used nwadays.
C．It makes infrmatin mre memrable.D．It is incnsistent with childhd memries.
2．Why des the authr mentin Friedrich Nietzsche in paragraph 3?
A．T prve the influence f his writings.
B．T illustrate peple’s preference fr rhymes.
C．T shw the cmplexity f his writing style.
D．T encurage the wide use f rhymes and aphrisms.
3．What can be cncluded frm Matthew and Jessica’s findings?
A．Aesthetic qualities help clarify the fact.
B．Peple tend t ignre precisin in rhymes.
C．Rhymed sentences are usually less trustwrthy.
D．Aesthetic qualities likely cnflict with peple’s judgments.
4．What message des the authr want t cnvey at the end f the text?
A．Treat rhymes with a wise mind.
B．Make gd use f factual infrmatin.
C．Respect the wisdm f ur ld generatins.
D．Fcus n the imprvement f lng-term memry.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了“押韵即理由效应”（rhyme-as-reasn effect）这一认知现象，分析了押韵如何使信息更易于记忆以及人们为何倾向于认为押韵的句子更准确，并指出要理性对待押韵信息。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话“When we use rhymes, we break dwn details int smething that can mre easily be stred and recvered. (使用韵律时，我们会将细节分解成更容易存储和回忆的内容)”可知，“押韵即理由效应”（rhyme-as-reasn effect）是说利用韵律，细节变得具体化，更容易让人记住信息。故选C项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段落第二、三句“Friedrich Nietzsche was a big fan f aphrisms (格言). He wrte a series f bks entirely in aphrisms because he knew that a well-rganized turn f phrase cut int yur understanding far quicker than essays. (弗里德里希·尼采非常喜欢格言。他写了一系列完全由格言组成的书，因为他知道，一个精心组织的短语比长篇大论更能让人迅速理解其含义)”可知，作者以哲学家尼采进行举例，说明人们喜欢韵律已经达到可以写全是由格言组成的书的程度。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段第三、四句“They discvered that nt nly did participants aesthetically (审美上) prefer the rhymed sentences, but they mre ften cnsidered them mre accurate. Despite participants agreeing that aesthetic qualities dn’t represent truth, they culdn’t avid their wn prejudice. (他们发现，参与者不仅在审美上更喜欢押韵的句子，而且更频繁地认为这些句子更准确。尽管参与者同意审美质量不代表真实，但他们无法避免自己的偏见)”可知，参与者意识到审美不代表真实，但仍会受审美的影响，从而做出非理性的判断。由此推知，审美质量可能与人们的判断冲突。故选D项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段第四、五句“The secnd is that rhyming desn’t equal accuracy. My dad’s wisdm might sund neat but it is based n insufficient evidence. (第二点是，押韵并不等于准确。我爸的智慧听起来很巧妙，但它证据不足)”可推知，作者在这里想要友善地提醒读者，押韵虽使人们容易记住东西，但它不一定准确，要理性对待押韵。故选A项。
4.（2025·河北省保定市高三期末）AI is deeply changing the way we prduce and wrk, including imprving prductin efficiency, ptimizing wrkflw and enhancing wrk efficiency. It als invlves in medical care, educatin, transprtatin and ther fields. Be that as it may, what abut the dwnsides? Tw experts weigh in.
A recent study shwed that ne f the mst ppular AI chatbts has been sharing inaccurate cding and cmputer prgramming advice. This is because generative AI applicatins such as large language mdels wrk, functinally, as a predictin prgram. When yu ask a questin, the AI sifts thrugh (细查) its knwledge base fr relevant infrmatin. Then, using that infrmatin, it predicts a set f wrds that it perceives as the desired respnse t yur questin. That predictin is fllwed by anther predictin — anther set f wrds — that it has been trained t expect shuld cme next, and s n.
But Rayid Ghani, a prfessr f Machine Learning Department, says that prcess puts greater emphasis n prbability than truth: Mst generative AI mdels have been trained n large scale f data frm acrss the Internet, but nbdy has checked the accuracy f thse data, nr des the AI understand what is r isn’t a trustwrthy surce.
When humans make mistakes, Ghani says, it’s easy fr us t empathize (共鸣), since we recgnize that peple aren’t perfect beings. But we expect ur machines t be crrect. That makes it very hard fr us t frgive AI when it gets things wrng. But empathy can be a pwerful debugging tl: These are human-made systems, after all.
AI has a water prblem — really, an energy prblem. A significant amunt f heat is generated by the energy required t pwer the AI tls that peple are increasingly using in their daily persnal and prfessinal lives. As Shalei Ren, an assciate prfessr f electrical and cmputer engineering, is quick t nte, cling dwn the data centers requires an enrmus amunt f water, similar t the amunt used by tens f thusands f city dwellers (居民). Ren believes it will be imprtant fr us as individuals and as a sciety t better understand the real cst f asking an applicatin like ChatGPT a questin.
1．Which f the fllwing wuld Ghani prbably agree with?
A．AI applicatins serve as large language mdels.
B．The predictin prcess f AI is simplified.
C．Humans have tlerance fr mistakes f AI.
D．AI mdels attach greater imprtance t relevance than precisin.
2．What is Ghani’s attitude twards AI?
A．Cautius.B．Indifferent.C．Cntent.D．Biased.
3．What can we learn abut AI frm the last paragraph?
A．AI tls are increasingly generating massive water in daily life.
B．The amunt f water cnsumed by AI is equal t that used by citizens.
C．We are suppsed t be aware f the envirnmental impact f AI.
D．Individuals and sciety shuld reduce the cst f using AI.
4．What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A．T give a brief accunt f AI.B．T illustrate big issues regarding AI.
C．T hnr tw utstanding AI experts.D．T clarify the current situatin f AI.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了AI在提高生产效率、优化工作流程和促进工作中的作用，以及它可能带来的一些问题。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Mst generative AI mdels have been trained n large scale f data frm acrss the Internet, but nbdy has checked the accuracy f thse data, nr des the AI understand what is r isn’t a trustwrthy surce.(大多数生成性人工智能模型是在大规模的互联网数据上进行训练的，但没有人检查这些数据的准确性，AI也不明白什么是值得信赖的来源)”可推知，Ghani认为AI模型更重视相关性，而非精准性。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“But Rayid Ghani, a prfessr f Machine Learning Department, says that prcess puts greater emphasis n prbability than truth(但是机器学习系的教授Rayid Ghani说，这个过程更强调概率而不是真相)”，可知，Ghani认为AI更注重概率而不是事实，这反映了他对AI的态度是谨慎的。故选A
3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“AI has a water prblem— really, an energy prblem. A significant amunt f heat is generated by the energy required t pwer the AI tls that peple are increasingly using in their daily persnal and prfessinal lives. As Shalei Ren, an assciate prfessr f electrical and cmputer engineering, is quick t nte, cling dwn the data centers requires an enrmus amunt f water, similar t the amunt used by tens f thusands f city dwellers(居民). Ren believes it will be imprtant fr us as individuals and as a sciety t better understand the real cst f asking an applicatin like ChatGPT a questin.(人工智能有水资源问题——实际上是能源问题。人们在日常个人和职业生活中越来越多地使用人工智能工具，为这些工具提供动力所需的能量产生了大量的热量。电气与计算机工程副教授任少雷很快就指出，为数据中心降温需要大量的水，相当于数万城市居民的用水量。Ren认为，对于我们个人和社会来说，更好地了解向ChatGPT这样的应用程序提问的实际成本是很重要的。)”可推知，人们应该意识到AI对环境的影响。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段“AI is deeply changing the way we prduce and wrk, including imprving prductin efficiency, ptimizing wrkflw and enhancing wrk efficiency. It als invlves in medical care, educatin, transprtatin and ther fields. Be that as it may, what abut the dwnsides? Tw experts weigh in.(人工智能正在深刻改变我们的生产和工作方式，包括提高生产效率、优化工作流程和提高工作效率。它还涉及医疗、教育、交通等领域。尽管如此，它的缺点是什么呢？两位专家发表了看法)”可知，文章主要介绍了AI在提高生产效率、优化工作流程和促进工作中的作用，以及它可能带来的一些问题，可推知，作者的写作目的是为了说明AI存在的大问题。故选B。
5.（2025·湖北省部分市州高三期末联考）Five Grade 11 students, calling themselves “Team Vltage 5” frm the Philippine Science High Schl, engineered an innvative device named the “S-Light” and secured a Silver Award at the Yung Inventrs Challenge 2019 in Malaysia. This annual event, initiated in 2003, is meant t fuel a passin fr science amng yung minds. Uniquely, the S-Light differs frm cnventinal speakers by turning nise int electricity rather than using electricity t prduce sund.
In rder t develp this device, Team Vltage 5 invested cuntless lunchtimes in schl labratries, wrking clsely with their science teachers. A team member explained, “When sund waves strike the diaphragm f the speaker, the interactin between the magnet and cil generates electrical energy. This is stred in a pwer bank t pwer a light. This prcess is essentially the ppsite f hw traditinal speakers wrk.
The S-Light prves highly effective in envirnments abundant with nise, such as airprts, busy rads, r cnstructin sites. With larger speakers and a lt f devices, it hlds the incredible ptential t generate sufficient electricity fr an entire cmmunity and prvide sustainable energy slutins.
While transfrming nise int electricity is nt a nvel cncept, n practical device existed befre. The creatrs f the “S-Light” were driven by the prspect f assisting students in rural areas lacking electric lighting fr hme study. They were keenly aware f their privilege in attending schl and expressed pride in cntributing their inventin t their natin as gratitude fr their educatinal pprtunities.
The remarkable achievements f Team Vltage 5 serve as an inspiratin, encuraging ther yung individuals t realize their full ptential t impact thers' lives and make great cntributins t sciety thrugh scientific innvatin and creativity.
1．What d we knw abut the “S-Light”?
A．It was initially perated in 2003.B．It uses electricity t make sund.
C．It transfrms sund int electricity.D．It wrks the same way as a speaker.
2．What's paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．Why the “S-Light” matters.B．Hw the “S-Light” functins.
C．Where the “S-Light” stres energy.D．What issue the “S-Light” addresses.
3．Which wrds can best describe Team Vltage 5?
A．Humrus and diligent.B．Creative and appreciative.
C．Curius and dependable.D．Prductive and respnsible.
4．What message des the authr mainly cnvey in the text?
A．Small actins bring abut new insights.
B．Jint effrts are key t achieving success.
C．Imprtant changes always arise frm trial and errr.
D．Innvative yuth cntribute t cmmunity well-being.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了来自菲律宾科学高中的5名自称为“Team Vltage 5”的11年级学生，设计了名为“S-Light”的创新设备，并在马来西亚2019青年发明家挑战赛上获得了银奖。“S-Light”与传统扬声器的区别在于，它将噪音转化为电能，而不是使用电能来产生声音。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“Uniquely, the S-Light differs frm cnventinal speakers by turning nise int electricity rather than using electricity t prduce sund.(S-Light与传统扬声器的独特之处在于，它将噪音转化为电能，而不是用电来产生声音。)”可知，S-Light把声音转换成电。故选C项。
2．主旨大意题。根据第二段的内容“A team member explained, “When sund waves strike the diaphragm f the speaker, the interactin between the magnet and cil generates electrical energy. This is stred in a pwer bank t pwer a light. This prcess is essentially the ppsite f hw traditinal speakers wrk.(一位团队成员解释说：“当声波撞击扬声器的隔膜时，磁铁和线圈之间的相互作用产生电能。它被储存在充电宝里，为电灯供电。这个过程本质上与传统扬声器的工作方式相反。)”可知，第二段主要是讲S-Light是如何工作的。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“While transfrming nise int electricity is nt a nvel cncept, n practical device existed befre. The creatrs f the “S-Light” were driven by the prspect f assisting students in rural areas lacking electric lighting fr hme study. 'They were keenly aware f their privilege in attending schl and expressed pride in cntributing their inventin t their natin as gratitude fr their educatinal pprtunities.(虽然将噪音转化为电能并不是一个新颖的概念，但在此之前并没有实际的设备存在。“S-Light”的发明者希望帮助农村地区缺乏电力照明的学生在家学习。“他们敏锐地意识到自己上学的特权，并表示为自己的国家贡献自己的发明感到自豪，以感谢他们的教育机会。”)”可知，Team Vltage 5有创新精神且他们对自己接受的教育心存感恩。故选B项。
4．推理判断题。根据文章内容，尤其是最后一段“The remarkable achievements f Team Vltage 5 serve as an inspiratin, encuraging ther yung individuals t realize their full ptential t impact thers' lives and make great cntributins t sciety thrugh scientific innvatin and creativity.(Vltage 5团队的卓越成就鼓舞着其他年轻人，鼓励他们充分发挥自己的潜力，通过科学创新和创造力影响他人的生活，为社会做出巨大贡献。)”可知，作者想要传达的信息是“有创新精神的青年们为社会福祉做贡献”。故选D项。
1.（2024·北京卷）
When I was a little girl, I liked drawing, freely and jyusly making marks n the walls at hme. In primary schl, I learned t write using chalks. Writing seemed t be anther frm f drawing. I shaped individual letters int repeating lines, which were abstract frms, delightful but meaningless patterns.
In secndary schl, art was my favurite subject. Since. I lved it s much I thught I was gd at it. Fr the art O-level exam I had t present an il painting. I fund it difficult, but still hped t pass. I failed, with a lw grade. I’d been ver-cnfident. Nw I’d been declared talentless.
But ther channels f creativity stayed pen: I went n writing pems and stries. Still, I went t exhibitins ften. I cntinued my habitual drawing, which I nw characterised as childish ddling (乱画). In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways f lking at art. Hwever, I culdn’t let myself have a g at actually ding it. Thugh these new friends were abstract painters using il paints, r were printmakers r sculptrs, I tk il painting as the tab (禁忌) high frm I wasn’t allwed t practice.
One night, in my early 40s, I dreamed that a big wman in red apprached me, handed me a bag f paints, and tld me t start painting. The dream felt s authritative that it shk me. It was a frm f energy, giving me back smething I’d lst. Accrdingly, I started by experimenting with water clurs. Finally, I bught sme il paints.
Althugh I have enjyed breaking my decades-lng tab abut wrking with il paints, I have discvered I nw prefer chalks and ink. I let my line drawings turn int cartns I send t friends. It all feels free and easy. Un-anxius. This time arund, I can accept my limitatins but keep ging.
Becming a successful painter calls fr being reslute. I realised I was always afraid f wanting t much. That dream reminded me that thse fears and desires culd encurage me t take risks and make experiments.
24. Hw did the authr feel abut the result f the art exam?
A. Scared.B. Wrried.C. Discuraged.D. Wrnged.
25. In her 30s, the authr _________.
A. avided il painting practiceB. sught fr a painting career
C. fancied abstract paintingD. exhibited child paintings
26. Which wrd wuld best describe the authr’s dream?
A. Cnfusing.B. Empwering.
C. Disturbing.D. Entertaining.
27. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Actins speak luder than wrds.B. Hard wrk is the mther f success.
C. Dreams are the reflectins f realities.D. Creative activities invlve being cnfident.
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一直喜欢绘画，但中学时由于油画测试成绩较低，作者对绘画失去了信心。在40岁出头时，一个梦让作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性的故事。
24. C推理判断题。根据第二段“I fund it difficult, but still hped t pass. I failed, with a lw grade. I’d been ver-cnfident. Nw I’d been declared talentless.(我觉得很难，但仍希望能通过测试。我没有通过，而且成绩很低。我过于自信了。现在，我被宣布为毫无(油画)天赋的人了)”并结合下文中作者多年不碰油画的经历可推知，作者对美术考试的结果感到气馁。故选C。
25. A细节理解题。根据第三段“In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways f lking at art.(在我30多岁时，我结交了画家朋友们，学到了看待艺术的新方法)”和“Thugh these new friends were abstract painters using il paints, r were printmakers r sculptrs, I tk il painting as the tab (禁忌) high frm I wasn’t allwed t practice. (虽然这些新朋友是使用油画颜料的抽象画师，或者是版画家或雕塑家，但我把油画作为禁忌的高级形式，不允许我练习)”可知，作者在30多岁时回避练习油画。故选A。
26. B推理判断题。根据第四段“The dream felt s authritative that it shk me. It was a frm f energy, giving me back smething I’d lst. (这个梦给我的感觉是如此的权威，它震撼了我。它是能量的一种形式，让我回我失去了的东西)”可知，作者的梦赋予作者练习油画的力量。故选B。
27. D推理判断题。根据第六段“Becming a successful painter calls fr being reslute. I realised I was always afraid f wanting t much. (成为一名成功的画家需要有决心。我意识到我总是害怕想要得太多)”及文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了作者一直喜欢绘画，但中学时由于油画测试成绩较低，作者对绘画失去了信心。在40岁出头时，一个梦让作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性的故事。由此可推知，我们能从文章中学到创作活动需要自信，故选D。
2.（2024·北京卷）
The ntin that we live in smene else’s vide game is irresistible t many. Searching the term “simulatin hypthesis” (模拟假说) returns numerus results that debate whether the universe is a cmputer simulatin —— a cncept that sme scientists actually take seriusly. Unfrtunately, this is nt a scientific questin. We will prbably never knw whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea t advance scientific knwledge.
The 18th-century philspher Kant argued that the universe ultimately cnsists f things-in-themselves that are unknwable. While he held the ntin that bjective reality exists, he said ur mind plays a necessary rle in structuring and shaping ur perceptins. Mdern sciences have revealed that ur perceptual experience f the wrld is the result f many stages f prcessing by sensry systems and cgnitive (认知的) functins in the brain. N ne knws exactly what happens within this black bx. If empirical (实证的) experience fails t reveal reality, reasning wn’t reveal reality either since it relies n cncepts and wrds that are cntingent n ur scial, cultural and psychlgical histries. Again, a black bx.
S, if we accept that the universe is unknwable, we als accept we will never knw if we live in a cmputer simulatin. And then, we can shift ur inquiry frm “Is the universe a cmputer simulatin?” t “Can we mdel the universe as a cmputer simulatin? ” Mdelling reality is what we d. T facilitate ur cmprehensin f the wrld, we build mdels based n cnceptual metaphrs (隐喻) that are familiar t us. In Newtn’s era, we imagined the universe as a clck. In Einstein’s, we uncvered the standard mdel f particle (粒子) physics.
Nw that we are in the infrmatin age, we have new cncepts such as the cmputer, infrmatin prcessing, virtual reality, and simulatin. Unsurprisingly, these new cncepts inspire us t build new mdels f the universe. Mdels are nt the reality, hwever. There is n pint in arguing if the universe is a clck, a set f particles r an utput f cmputatin. All these mdels are tls t deal with the unknwn and t make discveries. And the mre tls we have, the mre effective and insightful we can becme.
It can be imagined that cmparable t the prcess f building previus scientific mdels, develping the “cmputer simulatin” metaphr-based mdel will als be a hugely rewarding exercise.
28. What des the authr intend t d by challenging a hypthesis?
A. Make an assumptin.B. Illustrate an argument.
C. Give a suggestin.D. Justify a cmparisn.
29. What des the phrase “cntingent n” underlined in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Accepted by.B. Determined by.C. Awakened by.D. Discvered by.
30. As fr Kant’s argument, the authr is _________.
A. appreciativeB. dubtfulC. uncncernedD. disapprving
31. It is implied in this passage that we shuld _________.
A. cmpare the current mdels with the previus nes
B. cntinue explring the classical mdels in histry
C. stp arguing whether the universe is a simulatin
D. turn simulatins f the universe int realities up.
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. A 31. C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了哲学家对于宇宙的认知和信息时代下的作者对于宇宙争论的看法。
28. C推理判断题。根据第一段“Searching the term “simulatin hypthesis” (模拟假说) returns numerus results that debate whether the universe is a cmputer simulatin —— a cncept that sme scientists actually take seriusly. Unfrtunately, this is nt a scientific questin. We will prbably never knw whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea t advance scientific knwledge.(搜索“模拟假说”这一术语会得到许多关于宇宙是否是计算机模拟的争论结果——一些科学家实际上认真对待这个概念。不幸的是，这不是一个科学问题。我们可能永远都不知道这是不是真的。相反，我们可以利用这个想法来推进科学知识)”可知，作者对于模拟假说提出质疑，是为了提出自己的建议，建议使用这一想法来推进科学知识。故选C项。
29. B词句猜测题。根据第二段“If empirical (实证的) experience fails t reveal reality, reasning wn’t reveal reality either since it relies n cncepts and wrds that are cntingent n ur scial, cultural and psychlgical histries. Again, a black bx.(如果经验不能揭示现实，推理也不会揭示现实，因为它依赖于cntingent n我们的社会、文化和心理历史的概念和词语)”可知，句中that引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词cncepts and wrds，且结合常识，概念和词语取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历史，推测划线短语表示“取决于”，与determined by意义相近。故选B项。
30. A推理判断题。根据第二段“The 18th-century philspher Kant argued that the universe ultimately cnsists f things-in-themselves that are unknwable. While he held the ntin that bjective reality exists, he said ur mind plays a necessary rle in structuring and shaping ur perceptins. (18世纪的哲学家康德认为，宇宙最终由不可知的事物本身组成。虽然他认为客观现实是存在的，但他说，我们的大脑在构建和塑造我们的感知方面发挥着必要的作用)”以及第三段“S, if we accept that the universe is unknwable, we als accept we will never knw if we live in a cmputer simulatin.(因此，如果我们接受宇宙是不可知的，我们也接受我们永远不会知道我们是否生活在计算机模拟中)”可知，作者引用康德的观点，并在客观陈述后利用该观点来构建自己的论述，由此可知，作者对康德的论点持欣赏的态度。故选A项。
31. C推理判断题。根据第四段“There is n pint in arguing if the universe is a clck, a set f particles r an utput f cmputatin. All these mdels are tls t deal with the unknwn and t make discveries. And the mre tls we have, the mre effective and insightful we can becme. (争论宇宙是否是一个时钟、一组粒子还是计算输出的产物是没有意义的。所有这些模型都是处理未知事物和发现事物的工具。我们拥有的工具越多，我们就能变得越有效、越有洞察力)”以及第五段“It can be imagined that cmparable t the prcess f building previus scientific mdels, develping the “cmputer simulatin” metaphr-based mdel will als be a hugely rewarding exercise.(可以想象，与之前构建科学模型的过程相比，开发基于“计算机模拟”隐喻的模型也将是一项非常有益的工作)”可知，作者认为争论宇宙是否是虚拟的，这是没有意义的，我们应该停止争论宇宙是否为模拟，而应该着手于将其作为一个模型来探索和理解，这样会更有助于科学的进步。故选C项。
3.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
B
When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example,ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.
The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge (污泥). First, he cnstructed a series f clear fibreglass tanks cnnected t each ther. Then he went arund t lcal pnds and streams and brught back sme plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little,these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem. After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China.
“Eclgical design” is the name Jhn gives t what he des.“Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr,” he says.“Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what?s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair.”
( )24.What can we learn abut Jhn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A.He was fnd f travelling.
B.He enjyed being alne.
C.He had an inquiring mind.
D.He lnged t be a dctr.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了约翰·托德从小就很爱观察自然且爱思考,他利用自然可以自我修复的原理建造了生态机器等设备来净化污水。
24.C 推理判断题。根据第一段“When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.”可知,当约翰长大后,他开始想弄明白这个过程是否可以用来清理人们正在制造的脏乱。再结合第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins.”可知,在大学里学习了农业、医学和渔业之后,约翰回去观察自然并提出问题。由此可知,从前两段中我们可以知道约翰有一种好学爱问的思维方式。
4.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]
D
As cities balln with grwth, access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find. If yu’re lucky, there might be a pcket park near where yu live, but it’s unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has fund health and wellness benefits f nature fr humans, but a new study shws that wildness in urban areas is extremely imprtant fr human well-being.
The research team fcused n a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-gers, asking them t submit a written summary nline f a meaningful interactin they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissins, cding (编码) experiences int different categries. Fr example, ne participant’s experience f “We sat and listened t the waves at the beach fr a while” was assigned the categries “sitting at beach” and “listening t waves”.
Acrss the 320 submissins, a pattern f categries the researchers call a“nature language” began t emerge. After the cding f all submissins, half a dzen categries were nted mst ften as imprtant t visitrs. These include encuntering wildlife, walking alng the edge f water, and fllwing an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them. Fr example, the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break.
“We’re trying t generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactins back int ur daily lives. And fr that t happen, we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senir authr f the study.
( )34.What can we learn frm the example given in Paragraph 5?
A.Walking is the best way t gain access t nature.
B.Yung peple are t busy t interact with nature.
C.The same nature experience takes different frms.
D.The nature language enhances wrk perfrmance.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了城市化进程使得人类与自然的接触逐渐减少,尤其是在城市中找到原生态环境的机会越来越少,而研究表明城市中的原生态环境对人类的健康和幸福感极为重要。
34.C 推理判断题。根据第五段中给出的例子“…the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break.”可知,沿水边散步的体验对周末在公园徒步旅行的年轻职业人士来说可能是令人满足的。在工作日回到市中心,在午餐时间沿着喷泉散步也能享受到这种互动形式。由此可知,相同的自然体验可以采用不同的形式。故选C项。
5.[2023·全国乙卷]
B
Living in Iwa and trying t becme a phtgrapher specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the crn state lacks gegraphical variatin.
Althugh landscapes in the Midwest tend t be quite similar, either farm fields r highways,smetimes I find distinctive character in the hills r lakes. T make sme f my landscape shts, I have travelled up t fur hurs away t sht within a 10-minute time frame. I tend t travel with a few f my friends t state parks r t the cuntryside t g n adventures and take phts alng the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style f phtgraphy. I ften leave early t seek the right destinatins s I can set up early t avid missing the mment I am attempting t phtgraph. I have missed plenty f beautiful sunsets/sunrises due t being n the spt nly five minutes befre the best mment.
One time my friends and I drve three hurs t Devil’s Lake, Wiscnsin, t climb the purple quartz (石英) rck arund the lake. After we fund a crazy-lking rad that hung ver a bunch f rcks, we decided t phtgraph the scene at sunset. The psitin enabled us t lk ver the lake with the sunset in the backgrund. We managed t leave this spt t climb higher because f the spare time until sunset. Hwever,we did nt mark the rute (路线) s we ended up almst missing the sunset entirely. Once we fund the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, lking back n the phts,they are sme f my best shts thugh they culd have been s much better if I wuld have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
( )26.What can we infer frm the authr’s trip with friends t Devil’s Lake?
A.They went crazy with the purple quartz rck.
B.They felt stressed while waiting fr the sunset.
C.They reached the shting spt later than expected.
D.They had prblems with their equipment.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文,文章讲述了作者作为一名风景摄影师是如何应对挑战,拍出高质量的风景照片的。
26.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Hwever, we did nt mark the rute(路线)s we ended up almst missing the sunset entirely.”可知,作者和朋友们没有标出路线,所以几乎完全错过了日落。由此可推知,他们比预计到达拍摄地点的时间晚了。故选C项。
6.【2023年1月·浙江卷】C
A machine can nw nt nly beat yu at chess, it can als utperfrm yu in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisc, a sftware prgram called Prject Debater beat its human ppnents, including Na Ovadia, Israel’s frmer natinal debating champin.
Brilliant thugh it is, Prject Debater has sme weaknesses. It takes sentences frm its library f dcuments and prebuilt arguments and strings them tgether. This can lead t the kinds f errrs n human wuld make. Such wrinkles will n dubt be irned ut, yet they als pint t a fundamental prblem. As Kristian Hammnd, prfessr f electrical engineering and cmputer science at Nrthwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knws what it’s talking abut.”
What Hammnd is referring t is the questin f meaning, and meaning is central t what distinguishes the least intelligent f humans frm the mst intelligent f machines. A cmputer wrks with symbls. Its prgram specifies a set f rules t transfrm ne string f symbls int anther. But it des nt specify what thse symbls mean. Indeed, t a cmputer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, als wrk with symbls. But fr humans, meaning is everything. When we cmmunicate, we cmmunicate meaning. What matters is nt just the utside f a string f symbls, but the inside t, nt just hw they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges thrugh a prcess f scial interactin, nt f cmputatin, interactin that shapes the cntent f the symbls in ur heads. The rules that assign meaning lie nt just inside ur heads, but als utside, in sciety, in scial memry, scial cnventins and scial relatins. It is this that distinguishes humans frm machines. And that’s why, hwever astnishing Prject Debater may seem, the traditin that began with Scrates and Cnfucius will nt end with artificial intelligence.
28．Why des the authr mentin Na Ovadia in the first paragraph?
A．T explain the use f a sftware prgram.
B．T shw the cleverness f Prject Debater.
C．T intrduce the designer f Prject Debater.
D．T emphasize the fairness f the cmpetitin.
【答案】28．B
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为Prject Debater的软件程序。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Last week, in a public debate in San Francisc, a sftware prgram called Prject Debater beat its human ppnents, including Na Ovadia, Israel’s frmer natinal debating champin.(上周，在旧金山的一场公开辩论中，一个名为Prject Debater的软件程序击败了它的人类对手，其中包括以色列前全国辩论冠军Na Ovadia。)”可知，作者在第一段提到Na Ovadia的目的是展示Prject Debater的聪明。故选B。
7.【2023年1月·浙江卷】D
Accrding t the Slar Energy Industry Assciatin, the number f slar panels installed(安装)has grwn rapidly in the past decade, and it has t grw even faster t meet climate gals. But all f that grwth will take up a lt f space, and thugh mre and mre peple accept the cncept f slar energy, few like large slar panels t be installed near them.
Slar develpers want t put up panels as quickly and cheaply as pssible, s they haven’t given much thught t what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stnes and using chemicals t cntrl weeds. The result is that many cmmunities, especially in farming regins, see slar farms as destryers f the sil.
“Slar prjects need t be gd neighbrs,” says Jrdan Macknick, the head f the Innvative Site Preparatin and Impact Reductins n the Envirnment(InSPIRE)prject. “They need t be prtectrs f the land and cntribute t the agricultural ecnmy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical appraches t “lw-impact” slar develpment, which fcuses n establishing and perating slar farms in a way that is kinder t the land. One f the easiest lw-impact slar strategies is prviding habitat fr pllinatrs(传粉昆虫).
Habitat lss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pllinatr ppulatins ver the past cuple f decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural ecnmy. Over 28 states have passed laws related t pllinatr habitat prtectin and pesticide use. Cnservatin rganizatins put ut pllinatr-friendliness guidelines fr hme gardens, businesses, schls, cities—and nw there are guidelines fr slar farms.
Over the past few years, many slar farm develpers have transfrmed the space under their slar panels int a shelter fr varius kinds f pllinatrs, resulting in sil imprvement and carbn reductin. “These pllinatr-friendly slar farms can have a valuable impact n everything that’s ging n in the landscape,” says Macknick.
34．What is the purpse f the laws mentined in paragraph 4?
A．T cnserve pllinatrs.B．T restrict slar develpment.
C．T diversify the ecnmy.D．T ensure the supply f energy.
【答案】 34．A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是用一种更加友好的方式建立一种新型的太阳能农场，这种新型的农场更有利于保护各种传粉昆虫，从而促进农业的发展。
34．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Over 28 states have passed laws related t pllinatr habitat prtectin and pesticide use.(超过28个州通过了与传粉媒介栖息地保护和农药使用有关的法律。)”可知，这些法律都是与保护传粉者栖息地和农药使用相关，所以这些法律的目的是保护授粉者。故选A项。
8.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
C
The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
T d s, I divided the bk int tw parts. In part ne, I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism, starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable,befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
In the final chapter f part ne, I’ll guide yu thrugh carrying ut yur wn digital declutter. In ding s, I’ll draw n an experiment I ran in 2018 in which ver 1,600 peple agreed t perfrm a digital declutter. Yu’ll hear these participants’ stries and learn what strategies wrked well fr them, and what traps they encuntered that yu shuld avid.
The secnd part f this bk takes a clser lk at sme ideas that will help yu cultivate(培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the imprtance f slitude(独处) and the necessity f cultivating high-quality leisure t replace the time mst nw spend n mindless device use. Each chapter cncludes with a cllectin f practices, which are designed t help yu act n the big ideas f the chapter. Yu can view these practices as a tlbx meant t aid yur effrts t build a minimalist lifestyle that wrks fr yur particular circumstances.
( )28.What is the bk aimed at?
A.Teaching critical thinking skills.
B.Advcating a simple digital lifestyle.
C.Slving philsphical prblems.
D.Prmting the use f a digital device.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一本有关数字极简主义的书的具体内容。
28.B 推理判断题。根据第一段“The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.”可知,这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护,包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效,然后如果你认为它适合你,教你如何采用这种哲学,即这本书旨在倡导一种数字极简生活方式。
9.[2023·全国甲卷]
C
I was abut 13 when an uncle gave me a cpy f Jstein Gaarder’s Sphie’s Wrld. It was full f ideas that were new t me, s I spent the summer with my head in and ut f that bk. It spke t me and brught me int a wrld f philsphy(哲学).
That lve fr philsphy lasted until I gt t cllege. Nthing kills the lve fr philsphy faster than peple wh think they understand Fucault, Baudrillard, r Cnfucius better than yu—and then try t explain them.
Eric Weiner’s The Scrates Express: In Search f Life Lessns frm Dead Philsphers reawakened my lve fr philsphy. It is nt an explanatin, but an invitatin t think and experience philsphy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene n a train ride between cities and then frames each philspher’s wrk in the cntext(背景) f ne thing they can help us d better. The end result is a read in which we learn t wnder like Scrates, see like Threau, listen like Schpenhauer, and have n regrets like Nietzsche. This, mre than a bk abut understanding philsphy,is a bk abut learning t use philsphy t imprve a life.
He makes philsphical thught an appealing exercise that imprves the quality f ur experiences, and he des s with plenty f humur. Weiner enters int cnversatin with sme f the mst imprtant philsphers in histry, and he becmes part f that crwd in the prcess by decding(解读) their messages and adding his wn interpretatin.
The Scrates Express is a fun, sharp bk that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thughts n desire, lneliness, and aging. The invitatin is clear: Weiner wants yu t pick up a cffee r tea and sit dwn with this bk. I encurage yu t take his ffer. It’s wrth yur time, even if time is smething we dn’t have a lt f.
( )29.Why des the authr list great philsphers in Paragraph 4?
A.T cmpare Weiner with them.
B.T give examples f great wrks.
C.T praise their writing skills.
D.T help readers understand Weiner’s bk.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。作者向读者介绍了Eric Weiner的哲学书The Scrates Express。
29.D 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Weiner starts each chapter with a scene n a train ride between cities and then frames each philspher’s wrk in the cntext(背景) f ne thing they can help us d better. The end result is a read in which we learn t wnder like Scrates, see like Threau, listen like Schpenhauer, and have n regrets like Nietzsche. This, mre than a bk abut understanding philsphy, is a bk abut learning t use philsphy t imprve a life.”可知,韦纳书中的每一章都以城市之间的火车旅行场景开始,然后他介绍每个哲学家的作品和一件他们可以帮助我们做得更好的事情。最终的结果是,我们学会了像苏格拉底一样思考,像梭罗一样看待事情,像叔本华一样倾听,像尼采那样没有遗憾。这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书,更是一本关于学习使用哲学来改善生活的书。由此可推知,作者列出伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiner的书。故选D。
10.[2023·全国乙卷]
D
If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt. Writing is ne f humanity’s later achievements,and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的) scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things.
Ideally a histry wuld bring tgether texts and bjects, and sme chapters f this bk are able t d just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example f this between literate and nn-literate histry is perhaps the first cnflict, at Btany Bay, between Captain Ck’s vyage and the Australian Abriginals. Frm the English side, we have scientific reprts and the captain’s recrd f that terrible day. Frm the Australian side, we have nly a wden shield(盾) drpped by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht. If we want t recnstruct what was actually ging n that day, the shield must be questined and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reprts.
In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides, there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted, especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write. Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things t tell their stries. The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made:a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts,but the bjects.
( )33.What des the authr indicate by mentining Captain Ck in Paragraph 2?
A.His reprt was scientific.
B.He represented the lcal peple.
C.He ruled ver Btany Bay.
D.His recrd was ne-sided.
【文章大意】 本文出自一本书的节选,探讨了历史记录中文本与物品之间的关系,指出仅凭文本无法全面记录历史,文章提到了物品记录历史的重要性,它在提供双方信息平衡方面具有重要意义。
33.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Frm the English side, we have scientific reprts and the captain?s recrd f that terrible day. Frm the Australian side, we have nly a wden shield(盾)drpped by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht.”可知,从英国方面,我们有科学报告和船长对那个可怕的日子的记录。从澳洲方面,我们只有一个被一个人在初次经历了枪击后逃跑时扔下的木盾。由此可推知,作者在第二段提及库克船长是为了说明他的记录只是单方面的。故选D项。
11.B【2022·新高考I卷】
Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was t make a nice green salad, runding ut a rast chicken dinner. But I ended up wrking late. Then friends called with a dinner invitatin. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.
In a wrld where nearly 800 millin peple a year g hungry, “fd waste ges against the mral grain,” as Elizabeth Ryte writes in this mnth’s cver stry. It’s jaw-drpping hw much perfectly gd fd is thrwn away — frm “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grcers t large amunts f uneaten dishes thrwn int restaurant garbage cans.
Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, “if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.”
If that’s hard t understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back f my refrigeratr. Mike Curtin sees my arugula stry all the time — but fr him, it's mre like 12 bnes f dnated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn, D.C., which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished (有瑕疵的) prduce that therwise wuld have rtted in fields. And the strawberries? Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.
Such methds seem bvius, yet s ften we just dn’t think. “Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat,” Curtin says.
4. What des the authr want t shw by telling the arugula stry?
A. We pay little attentin t fd waste.B. We waste fd unintentinally at times.
C. We waste mre vegetables than meat.D. We have gd reasns fr wasting fd.
【答案】4. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。
4. B推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste.(像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B。
12.D【2022·全国高考乙卷】
The Gvernment's sugar tax n sft drinks has brught in half as much mney as Ministers first predicted it wuld generate, the first fficial data n the plicy has shwn.
First annunced in April, 2016, the tax which applies t sft drinks cntaining mre than 5g f sugar per 100ml, was intrduced t help reduce childhd besity（肥胖）. It is believed that tday's children and teenagers are cnsuming three times the recmmended level f sugar, putting them at a higher risk f the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected t make £520m a year fr the Treasury. Hwever, data f the first six mnths shwed it wuld make less than half this amunt. At present it is expected t generate £240m fr the year ending in April 2019, which will g t schl sprts.
It cmes after mre than half f sft drinks sld in shps have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）s they can avid paying the tax. Drinks nw cntain 45 millin fewer kils f sugar as a result f manufacturers' effrts t avid the charge, accrding t Treasury figures. Since April drinks cmpanies have been frced t pay between 18p and 24p fr every litre f sugary drink they prduce r imprt, depending n the sugar cntent.
Hwever, sme high sugar brands, like Classic Cca Cla, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing t change fr fear f upsetting cnsumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and mst alchlic drinks are free f the tax, as are small cmpanies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Tday's figures, accrding t ne gvernment fficial, shw the psitive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millins f punds fr sprts facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schls. Helping the next generatin t have a healthy and active childhd is f great imprtance, and the industry is playing its part.
15. What can be inferred abut the adptin f the sugar tax plicy?
A. It is a shrt-sighted decisin.B. It is a success stry.
C. It benefits manufacturers.D. It upsets custmers.
【答案】 15. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。
15. B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Tday’s figures, accrding t ne gvernment fficial, shw the psitive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millins f punds fr sprts facilities and healthier eating in schls.（根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑）”可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B。
13.B【2021·英语全国甲卷】
Prt Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) prgramme, has welcmed the arrival f a rare black rhin calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived n January 31, she became the 40th black rhin t be brn at the reserve. And fficials at Prt Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhins are knwn fr being difficult t breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head f rhin sectin at Prt Lympne, said: “Obviusly we're all abslutely delighted t welcme anther calf t ur black rhin family. She's healthy, strng and already eager t play and explre. Her mther, Sli, is a first-time mum and she is ding a fantastic jb. It's still a little t cld fr them t g ut int the pen, but as sn as the weather warms up, I have n dubt that the little ne will be ut and abut explring and playing every day.”
The adrable female calf is the secnd black rhin brn this year at the reserve, but it is t early t tell if the calves will make gd candidates t be returned t prtected areas f the wild. The first rhin t be brn at Prt Lympne arrived n January 5 t first-time mther Kisima and weighed abut 32kg. His mther, grandmther and great grandmther were all brn at the reserve and still live there.
Accrding t the Wrld Wildlife Fund, the glbal black rhin ppulatin has drpped as lw as 5500, giving the rhins a “critically endangered” status.
7．What can be inferred abut Prn Lympne Reserve?
A．The rhin sectin will be pen t the public.
B．It aims t cntrl the number f the animals.
C．It will cntinue t wrk with the Wrld Wildlife Fund.
D．Sme f its rhins may be sent t the prtected wild areas.
【答案】7．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在Prt Lympne保护区的部分黑犀牛现状。
7．推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段“it is t early t tell if the calves will make gd candidates t be returned t prtected areas f the wild (要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护区的好的候选者还为时过早)”可推知，Pn Lympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。故选D项。
14.A【2022·新高考I卷】
Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Belw 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade fr this curse: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Grup Assignments (30%)
Students will wrk in grups t cmplete fur assignments (作业) during the curse. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date thrugh Blackbard, ur nline learning and curse management system.
Daily Wrk/In-Class Writings and Tests/Grup Wrk/Hmewrk (10%)
Class activities will vary frm day t day, but students must be ready t cmplete shrt in-class writings r tests drawn directly frm assigned readings r ntes frm the previus class' lecture/discussin, s it is imprtant t take careful ntes during class. Additinally, frm time t time I will assign grup wrk t be cmpleted in class r shrt assignments t be cmpleted at hme, bth f which will be graded.
Late Wrk
An essay nt submitted in class n the due date will lse a letter grade fr each class perid it is late. If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zer. Daily assignments nt cmpleted during class will get a zer. Shrt writings missed as a result f an excused absence will be accepted.
1. Where is this text prbably taken frm?
A. A textbk.B. An exam paper.C. A curse plan.D. An academic article.
2. Hw many parts is a student’s final grade made up f?
A. Tw.B. Three.C. Fur.D. Five.
3. What will happen if yu submit an essay ne week after the due date?
A. Yu will receive a zer.B. Yu will lse a letter grade.
C. Yu will be given a test.D. Yu will have t rewrite it.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。
1. C推理判断题。根据文章标题“Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature (文学概论课程评分办法)”和Essays (60%)部分“Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade f fr this curse (你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法，可得出本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C。
2. B细节理解题。根据黑体小标题“Essays (60%)”、“Grup Assignments (30%)”和“Daily Wrk/In-Class Writings and Tests/Grups Wrk/Hmewrk (10%)”可知，学生的最终成绩由3部分组成。故选B。
3. A推理判断题。根据“Late Wrk”部分“If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zer. (如果没有在截止日期后的第4天上交，将会得到零分)”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你将会得零分。故选A项。
15.C【2022·新高考I卷】
The elderly residents (居民) in care hmes in Lndn are being given hens t lk after t stp them feeling lnely.
The prject was dreamed up by a lcal charity (慈善组织) t reduce lneliness and imprve elderly peple’s wellbeing. It is als being used t help patients suffering dementia, a serius illness f the mind. Staff in care hmes have reprted a reductin in the use f medicine where hens are in use.
Amng thse taking part in the prject is 80-year-ld Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used t keep hens when I was yunger and had t prepare their breakfast each mrning befre I went t schl. ”
“I like the prject a lt. I am dwn there in my wheelchair in the mrning letting the hens ut and dwn there again at night t see they’ve gne t bed.”
“It’s gd t have a different fcus. Peple have been bringing their children in t see the hens and residents cme and sit utside t watch them. I’m enjying the creative activities, and it feels great t have dne smething useful.”
There are nw 700 elderly peple lking after hens in 20 care hmes in the Nrth East, and the charity has been given financial supprt t rll it ut cuntrywide.
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.”
8. What is the purpse f the prject?
A. T ensure harmny in care hmes.B. T prvide part-time jbs fr the aged.
C. T raise mney fr medical research.D. T prmte the elderly peple’s welfare.
9. Hw has the prject affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills.B. She has gained a sense f achievement.
C. She has recvered her memry.D. She has develped a strng persnality.
10. What d the underlined wrds “embark n” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Imprve.B. Oppse.C. Begin.D. Evaluate.
11. What can we learn abut the prject frm the last tw paragraphs?
A. It is well received.B. It needs t be mre creative.
C. It is highly prfitable.D. It takes ages t see the results.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。
8. D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“The prject was dreamed up by a lcal charity (慈善组织) t reduce lneliness and imprve elderly peple’s wellbeing (该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况)”可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福。故选D。
9. B推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的““It’s gd t have a different fcus. Peple have been bringing their children in t see the hens and residents cme and sit utside t watch them. I’m enjying the creative activities, and it feels great t have dne smething useful.” (有不同的关注点很好。人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好)”可推知，Ruth Xavier通过该项目获得了一种成就感。故选B。
10. C词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“ne f the first (第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilsn是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C。
11. A推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及最后一段“Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.” (“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩·刘易斯说:我们很高兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来)”可知，该项目的反响很好。故选A。
16.C【2021·英语全国甲卷】
When I was 9, we packed up ur hme in Ls Angeles and arrived at Heathrw, Lndn n a gray January mrning. Everyne in the family settled quickly int the city except me. Withut my belved beaches and endless blue—sky days, I felt at a lss and ut f place. Until I made a discvery.
Suthbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center f British skatebarding, where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing .I lved it. I sn made friends with the lcal skaters. We spke ur wn language. And my favrite: Safe. Safe meant cl. It meant hell. It meant dn't wrry abut it. Once, when trying a certain trick n the beam（横杆）, I fell nt the stnes, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Tby came ver, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their bards lud, shuting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater.
When I was 15, my family mved t Washingtn. I tried skatebarding there, but the lcals were far less welcming. Within a cuple f years, I'd given it up.
When I returned t Lndn in 2004, I fund myself wandering dwn t Suthbank, spending hurs there. I've traveled back several times since, mst recently this past spring. The day was cld but clear: turists and Lndners stpped t watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）amng the kids wh rushed by n their bards, I fund my way t the beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up t the beam. He sat next t me. He seemed nt t ntice the man next t him. But sn I caught a few f his glances. “I was a lcal here 20 years ag,” I tld him. Then, slwly, he began t nd his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
8．What can we learn abut the authr sn after he mved t Lndn?
A．He felt disappinted.B．He gave up his hbby.
C．He liked the weather there.D．He had disagreements with his family.
【答案】8．A
【解析】本文属于记叙文。本文讲述作者自己的经历，起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在与一个玩滑板的孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的熟悉感。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Everyne in the family settled quickly int the city except me. Withut my belved beaches and endless blue -sky days, I felt at a lss and ut f place.(除了我之外的家里人都很快适应这个城市，没有了我喜爱的沙滩和蓝天，我感到迷茫和无措)”可知，作者刚到伦敦的时候因为没有喜爱的沙滩，不能很好的融入到新的城市，感到很沮丧，故选A。
17.D【2021·英语全国甲卷】
Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they?
In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It's said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.
A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.” Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn't take a genius t knw the answer: abslutely nt.
Here's the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs(因素)like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld.”
13．What can we infer abut girls frm the study in Science?
A．They think themselves smart.
B．They lk up t great thinkers.
C．They see gender differences earlier than bys.
D．They are likely t be influenced by scial beliefs
【答案】13．D
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。
13．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief. Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.”(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选D。
18.B【2021·全国高考乙卷】
When almst everyne has a mbile phne, why are mre than half f Australian hmes still paying fr a landline（座机）?
These days yu’d be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn’t wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter （29%） rely nly n their smartphnes accrding t a survey （调查）. Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it’s nt really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies. I think my hme falls int that categry.
Mre than half f Australian hmes are still chsing t stick with their hme phne. Age is naturally a factr（因素）— nly 58 percent f Generatin Ys still use landlines nw and then, cmpared t 84 percent f Baby Bmers wh’ve perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years. Age isn’t the nly factr; I’d say it’s als t d with the makeup f yur husehld.
Generatin Xers with yung families, like my wife and I, can still find it cnvenient t have a hme phne rather than prviding a mbile phne fr every family member. That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents, t the pint where we play a game and guess wh is calling befre we pick up the phne（using Caller ID wuld take the fun ut f it）.
Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries?
27．What can be inferred abut the landline frm the last paragraph?
A．It remains a family necessity.
B．It will fall ut f use sme day.
C．It may increase daily expenses.
D．It is as imprtant as the gas light.
【答案】27．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固定电话是非必需品的观点。
27．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries? (你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶的道路？)”可推知，本段使用类比的方式，使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，侧面说明了固定电话总有一天会废弃的。故选B项。
19.D【2021·全国高考乙卷】
During an interview fr ne f my bks, my interviewer said smething I still think abut ften. Annyed by the level f distractin（干扰）in his pen ffice, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the c-wrking space acrss the street — s I can fcus”. His cmment struck me as strange. After all, c-wrking spaces als typically use an pen ffice layut（布局）. But I recently came acrss a study that shws why his apprach wrks.
The researchers examined varius levels f nise n participants as they cmpleted tests f creative thinking. They were randmly divided int fur grups and expsed t varius nise levels in the backgrund, frm ttal silence t 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between mst f the grups were statistically insignificant; hwever, the participants in the 70 decibels grup — thse expsed t a level f nise similar t backgrund chatter in a cffee shp — significantly utperfrmed the ther grups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that ur creative thinking des nt differ that much in respnse t ttal silence and 85 decibels f backgrund nise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study als suggests that the right level f backgrund nise — nt t lud and nt ttal silence — may actually imprve ne’s creative thinking ability. The right level f backgrund nise may interrupt ur nrmal patterns f thinking just enugh t allw ur imaginatins t wander, withut making it impssible t fcus. This kind f “distracted fcus” appears t be the best state fr wrking n creative tasks.
S why d s many f us hate ur pen ffices? The prblem may be that, in ur ffices, we can’t stp urselves frm getting drawn int thers’ cnversatins while we’re trying t fcus. Indeed, the researchers fund that face-t-face interactins and cnversatins affect the creative prcess, and yet a c-wrking space r a cffee shp prvides a certain level f nise while als prviding freedm frm interruptins.
35．What can we infer abut the authr frm the text?
A．He’s a news reprter.
B．He’s an ffice manager.
C．He’s a prfessinal designer.
D．He’s a published writer.
【答案】35．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者通过自身经历讲述人们为什么不喜欢开放性办公室以及有关多少分贝的噪音最有利于人们的创造性思维的研究。
35．推理判断题。根据第一段“During an interview fr ne f my bks, my interviewer said smething I still think abut ften.（在一次采访我的一本书时，我的采访者说了一些我至今还经常想起的话。）”可知，作者提到有人采访自己的书，所以可以推断，作者是一位作家。故选D项。
20. B【2020·浙江卷】
The traffic signals alng Factria Bulevard in Bellevue, Washingtn, generally dn't flash the same length f green twice in a rw, especially at rush hur. At 9:30am, the full red/yellw/green signal cycle might be 140 secnds. By 9:33am, a burst f additinal traffic might push it t 145 secnds. Less traffic at 9:37am culd push it dwn t 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing f the signals changes.
That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-grwing city just east f Seattle, uses a system that is gaining ppularity arund the US: intersectin(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time t traffic cnditins. These lights, knwn as adaptive signals, have led t significant declines in bth the truble and cst f travels between wrk and hme.
“Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed, ” says Alex Stevanvic, a researcher at Flrida Atlantic University.
Fr all f Bellevue’s success, adaptive signals are nt a cure-all fr jammed radways. Kevin Balke, a research engineer at the Texas A&M University Transprtatin Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly beneficial fr sme cities, thers are s jammed that nly a sharp reductin in the number f cars n the rad will make a meaningful difference. “It’s nt ging t fix everything, but adaptive signals have sme benefits fr smaller cities,” he says.
In Bellevue, the switch t adaptive signals has been a lessn in the value f welcming new appraches. In the past, there was ften an autmatic reactin t increased traffic: just widen the rads, says Mark Pch, the Bellevue Transprtatin Department’s traffic engineering manager. Nw he hpes that ther cities will cnsider making their streets run smarter instead f just making them bigger.
26．What des Kevin Balke say abut adaptive signals?
A．They wrk better n brad rads.
B．They shuld be used in ther cities.
C．They have greatly reduced traffic n the rad.
D．They are less helpful in cities seriusly jammed.
27．What can we learn frm Bellevue’s success?
A．It is rewarding t try new things.B．The ld methds still wrk tday.
C．I pays t put thery int practice.D．The simplest way is the best way.
【答案】26．D27．A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。美国华盛顿州的Bellevue采用了能随交通状况而调节交通灯时间的适应性信号灯，大大缓解了交通压力，也表明人们对于交通阻塞问题不再只是拓宽道路，而是能够采用新方法。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中“adaptive signals are nt a cure-all fr jammed radways(但自适应信号并不是解决拥堵道路的万能药)”及第二句中“thers are s jammed that nly a sharp reductin in the number f cars n the rad will make a meaningful difference(其他城市交通堵塞如此严重，只有减少道路上的车辆才能起有意义的作用) ”可推知，Kevin Balke认为适应性信号灯对于交通堵塞很严重的城市没有太大帮助。故选D项。
27．推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“These lights, knwn as adaptive signals, have led t significant declines in bth the truble and cst f travels between wrk and hme.(这些灯，被称为适应性信号灯，已经大大减少了通勤的麻烦和花费)”最后一段第一句“In Bellevue, the switch t adaptive signals has been a lessn in the value f welcming new appraches.(在Bellevue，对适应性信号灯的转变是一个在欢迎新方法的价值方面的榜样)”可推知，从Bellevue的成功中可以得出，尝试新事物是值得的。故选A项。
21. C【2020·浙江卷】
Challenging wrk that requires lts f analytical thinking, planning and ther managerial skills might help yur brain stay sharp as yu age, a study published Wednesday in the jurnal Neurlgy suggests.
Researchers frm the University f Leipzig in Germany gathered mre than 1, 000 retired wrkers wh were ver age 75 and assessed the vlunteers’ memry and thinking skills thrugh a battery f tests. Then, fr eight years, the scientists asked the same grup t cme back t the lab every 18 mnths t take the same srts f tests.
Thse wh had held mentally stimulating(刺激), demanding jbs befre retirement tended t d the best n the tests. And they tended t lse cgnitive(认知) functin at a much slwer rate than thse with the least mentally challenging jbs. The results held true even after the scientists accunted fr the participants’ verall health status.
“This wrks just like physical exercise, ” says Francisca Then, wh led the study. “After a lng run, yu may feel like yu’re in pain, yu may feel tired. But it makes yu fit. After a lng day at wrk-sure, yu will feel tired, but it can help yur brain stay healthy. ”
It's nt just crprate jbs, r even paid wrk that can help keep yur brain fit, Then pints ut. A waiter’s jb, fr example, that requires multitasking, teamwrk and decisin-making culd be just as stimulating as any high-level ffice wrk. And “running a family husehld requires high-level planning and crdinating(协调), ” she says. “Yu have t rganize the activities f the children and take care f the bills and grceries. ”
Of curse, ur brains can decline as we grw lder fr lts f reasns-including ther envirnmental influences r genetic factrs. Still, cntinuing t challenge yurself mentally and keeping yur mind busy can nly help.304
29．Hw des Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4?
A．By using an expert’s wrds.B．By making a cmparisn.
C．By referring t anther study.D．By intrducing a cncept.
【答案】29．B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。《神经病学》杂志发布的一则研究显示，需要大量的分析思考、细致规划和其他管理技能有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。
29．推理判断题。根据第四段中Francisca Then说的话“This wrks just like physical exercise,( 这就像体育锻炼一样有效。)”及接下来进一步的解释“长跑后人就会感到痛苦和疲惫，但它确实能强身健体。工作一天下来会感到劳累，但这也使你的大脑处于健康状态”可知，Francisca Then是通过与“身体锻炼”作比较来解释他的发现的。故选B项。
22. B【2020·全国新高考II山东卷】
Jenifer Mauer has needed mre willpwer than the typical cllege student t pursue her gal f earning a nursing degree. That willpwer bre fruit when Jennifer graduated frm University f Wiscnsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family t earn a bachelr's degree.
Mauer, f Edgar, Wiscnsin, grew up n a farm in a family f 10 children. Her dad wrked at a jb away frm the farm, and her mther ran the farm with the kids. After high schl, Jennifer attended a lcal technical cllege, wrking t pay her tuitin（学费）, because there was n extra mney set aside fr a cllege educatin. After graduatin, she wrked t help her sisters and brthers pay fr their schling.
Jennifer nw is married and has three children f her wn. She decided t g back t cllege t advance her career and t be able t better supprt her family while ding smething she lves: nursing. She chse the UW-Eau Claire prgram at Ministry Saint Jseph's Hspital in Marshfield because she was able t pursue her fur-year degree clse t hme. She culd drive t class and be hme in the evening t help with her kids. Jenifer received great supprt frm her family as she wrked t car her degree: Her husband wrked tw jbs t cver the bills, and her 68-year-ld mther helped take care f the children at times.
Thrugh it all, she remained in gd academic standing and graduated with hnrs. Jennifer sacrificed（牺牲）t achieve her gal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing imprtant events t study. “Sme nights my heart was breaking t have t pick between my kids and studying fr exams r papers,” she says. Hwever, her children have learned an imprtant lessn witnessing their mther earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generatin graduate and an inspiratin t her family-and that's pretty pwerful.
7. What can we learn frm Jenifer's stry? （ ）
A. Time is mney. B. Lve breaks dwn barriers.
C. Hard wrk pays ff. D. Educatin is the key t success.
【答案】7. C
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jennifer在家里不能提供大学教育的情况下，通过自己的努力，以及家人的帮助完成了四年学位。她的努力不仅让自己以优异的成绩毕业，还给家人，尤其是她的三个孩子树立了榜样，让他们得到了激励。
7.C推理判断题。根据最后一段的Thrugh it all, she remind in gd academic standing and graduated with hnrs.(虽然经历了这些，但她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业)和Hwever, her children have learned an imprtant lessn witnessing their mther earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generatin graduate and an inspiratin t her family-and that’s the pretty pwerful.(然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中得到了重要的一课。Jennifer是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励——这是非常强大的。)可知，Jennifer在艰苦的环境中通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时也让家人得到了激励。由此推测，我们可以从Jennifer的故事中学到：努力总会有回报。C. Hard wrk pays ff.(努力会得到回报)符合以上说法，故选C项。
23. B【2020·全国新课标I】
Returning t a bk yu’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an ld friend. There’s a welcme familiarity - but als smetimes a slight suspicin that time has changed yu bth, and thus the relatinship. But bks dn’t change, peple d. And that’s what makes the act f rereading s rich and transfrmative.
The beauty f rereading lies in the idea that ur bnd with the wrk is based n ur present mental register. It’s true, the lder I get, the mre I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all abut the present. It’s abut the nw and what ne cntributes t the nw, because reading is a give and take between authr and reader. Each has t pull their wn weight.
There are three bks I reread annually The first, which I take t reading every spring is Emest Hemningway’s A Mveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memir f 1920s Paris. The language is almst intxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer lking back n an ambitius yet simpler time. Anther is Annie Dillard’s Hly the Firm, her petic 1975 ramble (随笔) abut everything and nthing. The third bk is Juli Crtazar’s Save Twilight: Selected Pems, because petry. And because Crtazar.
While I tend t buy a lt f bks, these three were given t me as gifs, which might add t the meaning I attach t them. But I imagine that, while mney is indeed wnderful and necessary, rereading an authr’s wrk is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best bks are the nes that pen further as time passes. But remember, it’s yu that has t grw and read and reread in rder t better understand yur friends.
24．Why des the authr like rereading?
A．It evaluates the writer-reader relatinship.
B．It’s a windw t a whle new wrld.
C．It’s a substitute fr drinking with a friend.
D．It extends the understanding f neself.
25．What d we knw abut the bk A Mveable Feas!?
A．It’s a brief accunt f a trip.
B．It’s abut Hemingway’s life as a yung man.
C．It’s a recrd f a histric event.
D．It’s abut Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
27．What can we infer abut the authr frm the text?
A．He lves petry.
B．He’s an editr.
C．He’s very ambitius.
D．He teaches reading.
【答案】24．D25．B27．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。
24．推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But bks dn’t change, peple d. And that’s what makes the act f rereading s rich and transfrmative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)”和第二段“The beauty f rereading lies in that ur bnd with the wrk is based n ur present register. It is true, the lder I get, the mre I feel time has wings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。
25．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Published in 1964, it’s his classic memir f 1920s Paris.”及“an aging writer lking back n an ambitius yet simpler time”可知，这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出A Mvable Feast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选B项。
27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The third bk is Juli Crtázar’s Save Twilight: selected pems, because petry.(第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城: 诗歌精选》，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。故选A项。
24. C【2020·全国新课标II】
When yu were trying t figure ut what t buy fr the envirnmentalist n yur hliday list, fur prbably didn’t crss yur mind. But sme eclgists and fashin (时装)enthusiasts are trying t bring back the market fr fur made frm nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashin shws in New Orleans and Brklyn have(shwcased)nutria fur made int clthes in different styles. “It sunds crazy t talk abut guilt-free fur-unless yu understand that the nutria are destrying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, prject directr f Righteus Fur.
Scientists in Luisiana were s cncerned that they decided t pay hunters $5 a tail. Sme f the fur ends up in the fashin shws like the ne in Brklyn last mnth.
Nutria were brught there frm Argentina by fur farmers and let g int the wild. “The ecsystem dwn there can’t handle this nn-native species(物种).It’s destrying the envirnment. It’s them r us.” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check fr decades，but when the market fr nutria cllapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Bilgist Edmnd Mutn runs the nutria cntrl prgram fr Luisiana. He says it’s nt easy t cnvince peple that nutria fur is green, but he has n dubt abut it. Hunters bring in mre than 300,000 nutria tails a year, s part f Mutn’s jb these days is trying t prmte fur.
Then there’s Righteus Fur and its unusual fashin. Mrgan says，”T give peple a guilt-free ptin that they can wear withut smene thrwing paint n them-1 think that’s ging t be a massive thing, at least here in New Yrk.” Designer Jennifer Andersn admits it tk her a while t cme arund t the pinin that using nutria fur fr her creatins is mrally acceptable. She trying t cme up with a label t attach t nutria fashins t shw it is ec-friendly.318
31．What can we infer abut wearing fur in New Yrk accrding t Mrgan?
A．It’s frmal.B．It’s risky.C．It’s harmful.D．It’s traditinal.
【答案】31．B
【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示了担忧。
31．推理判断题。根据第二段Mdel Paige Mrgan says, “T give peple a guilt –free ptin that they can wear withut smene thrwing paint n them-I think that’s ging t be a massive thing, at least in New Yrk. ” 得知，为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。
25. B【2020·全国新课标III】
When "Rise f the Planet f the Apes" was first shwn t the public last mnth, a grup f excited animal activists gathered n Hllywd Bulevard. But they weren’t there t thrw red paint n fur-cat-wearing film stars. Instead, ne activist, dressed in a full-bdy mnkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: "Thanks fr nt using real apes (猿)!"
The creative team behind "Apes" used mtin-capture (动作捕捉) technlgy t create digitalized animals, spending tens f millins f dllars n technlgy that I recrds an actr’s perfrmance and later prcesses it with cmputer graphics t create a final image (图像). In this case, ne f a realistic-lking ape.
Yet "Apes" is mre exceptin than the rule. In fact, Hllywd has been ht n live animals lately. One nnprfit rganizatin, which mnitrs the treatment r animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs n mre than 2,000 prductins this year. Already, a number f films, including "Water fr Elephants," "The Hangver Part Ⅱ" and "Zkeeper," have drawn the anger f activists wh say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated prperly.
In sme cases, it’s nt s much the treatment f the animals n set in the studi that has activists wrried; it’s the ff-set training and living cnditins that are raising cncerns. And there are questins abut the films made utside the States, which smetimes are nt mnitred as clsely as prductins filmed in the Sates.241
27. What can we infer frm the last paragraph abut animal actrs?
A. They may be badly treated.
B. They shuld take further training.
C. They culd be traded illegally
D. They wuld lse ppularity.
【答案】27.A
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化人猿的创造技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐待动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织密切关注此事。但有些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。
27.推理判断题。根据最后一段In sme cases, it’s nt s much the treatment f the animals n set in the studi that has activists wrried; it’s the ff-set training and living cnditins that are raising cncerns. And there are questins abut the films made utside the States, which smetimes are nt mnitred as clsely as prductins filmed in the Sates.”（在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是电影棚里对动物的待遇;让人担忧的是训练和生活条件。还有一些关于在美国以外拍摄的电影的问题，这些电影有时不像在美国拍摄的电影那样受到严密的监控。）可知，在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是工作室里动物的待遇;令人担忧的是训练和生活条件。由此判断出动物演员可能受到虐待。故选A项。
26.B【2022·全国高考乙卷】
In 1916, tw girls f wealthy families, best friends frm Auburn, N. Y.—Drthy Wdruff and Rsamnd Underwd—traveled t a settlement in the Rcky Muntains t teach in a ne-rm schlhuse. The girls had gne t Smith Cllege. They wre expensive clthes. S fr them t mve t Elkhead, Cl. t instruct the children whse shes were held tgether with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject f Nthing Daunted: The Unexpected Educatin f Tw Sciety Girls in the West by Drthy Wickenden, wh is a magazine editr and Drthy Wdruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they g then? Well, they wanted t d smething useful. Sn, hwever, they realized what they had undertaken.
They mved in with a lcal family, the Harrisns, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket f snw n their quilt when they wke up in the mrning. Sme mrnings, Rsamnd and Drthy wuld arrive at the schlhuse t find the children weeping frm the cld. In spring, the snw was replaced by mud ver ice.
In Wickenden’s bk, she expanded n the histry f the West and als n feminism, which f curse influenced the girls’ decisin t g t Elkhead. A hair-raising sectin cncerns the building f the railrads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling thrugh the Rckies, ften in blinding snwstrms. The bk ends with Rsamnd and Drthy’s return t Auburn.
Wickenden is a very gd stryteller. The sweep f the land and the sticism (坚忍) f the peple mve her t sme beautiful writing. Here is a picture f Drthy Wdruff, n her hrse, lking dwn frm a hill tp: “When the sun slipped behind the muntains, it shed a rsy glw all arund them. Then a full mn rse. The snw was marked nly by small animals: fxes, cytes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
7. What is the text?
A. A news reprt.B. A bk review.C. A children’s stry.D. A diary entry.
【答案】7. B
【解析】本文是一篇书评。本文简要介绍了Drthy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。
7. B推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The bk ends with Rsamnd and Drthy’s return t Auburn.(这本书以Rsamnd和Drthy回到奥本结束。)”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a very gd stryteller. The sweep f the land and the sticism f the peple mve her t sme beautiful writing.( Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。)”可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B项。
27.C【2019·全国I】
As data and identity theft becmes mre and mre cmmn, the market is grwing fr bimetric(生物测量)technlgies—like fingerprint scans—t keep thers ut f private e-spaces. At present, these technlgies are still expensive, thugh.
Researchers frm Gergia Tech say that they have cme up with a lw-cst device(装置)that gets arund this prblem: a smart keybard. This smart keybard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which ne types and the pressure fingers apply t each key. The keybard culd ffer a strng layer f security by analyzing things like the frce f a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique t each persn. Thus, the keybard can determine peple's identities, and by extensin, whether they shuld be given access t the cmputer it's cnnected t—regardless f whether smene gets the passwrd right.
It als desn't require a new type f technlgy that peple aren't already familiar with. Everybdy uses a keybard and everybdy types differently.
In a study describing the technlgy, the researchers had 100 vlunteers type the wrd “tuch”fur times using the smart keybard. Data cllected frm the device culd be used t recgnize different participants based n hw they typed, with very lw errr rates. The researchers say that the keybard shuld be pretty straightfrward t cmmercialize and is mstly made f inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hpes t make it t market in the near future.
31. Where is this text mst likely frm?
A. A diary.B. A guidebkC. A nvel.D. A magazine.
【答案】 31. D
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。目前，数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，指纹扫描等这些技术仍然是昂贵的。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，这项技术通过记录用户的打字习惯来识别主人，为网络空间用户保护隐私。
31. D 推理判断题。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，它能给e-space用户带来安全，由此可知，本文是科技说明文，结合所给选项可知，本文可能来自于一本科研杂志上。故选D。
28.B【2022·全国高考乙卷】
In 1916, tw girls f wealthy families, best friends frm Auburn, N. Y.—Drthy Wdruff and Rsamnd Underwd—traveled t a settlement in the Rcky Muntains t teach in a ne-rm schlhuse. The girls had gne t Smith Cllege. They wre expensive clthes. S fr them t mve t Elkhead, Cl. t instruct the children whse shes were held tgether with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject f Nthing Daunted: The Unexpected Educatin f Tw Sciety Girls in the West by Drthy Wickenden, wh is a magazine editr and Drthy Wdruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they g then? Well, they wanted t d smething useful. Sn, hwever, they realized what they had undertaken.
They mved in with a lcal family, the Harrisns, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket f snw n their quilt when they wke up in the mrning. Sme mrnings, Rsamnd and Drthy wuld arrive at the schlhuse t find the children weeping frm the cld. In spring, the snw was replaced by mud ver ice.
In Wickenden’s bk, she expanded n the histry f the West and als n feminism, which f curse influenced the girls’ decisin t g t Elkhead. A hair-raising sectin cncerns the building f the railrads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling thrugh the Rckies, ften in blinding snwstrms. The bk ends with Rsamnd and Drthy’s return t Auburn.
Wickenden is a very gd stryteller. The sweep f the land and the sticism (坚忍) f the peple mve her t sme beautiful writing. Here is a picture f Drthy Wdruff, n her hrse, lking dwn frm a hill tp: “When the sun slipped behind the muntains, it shed a rsy glw all arund them. Then a full mn rse. The snw was marked nly by small animals: fxes, cytes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
4. Why did Drthy and Rsamnd g t the Rcky Muntains?
A. T teach in a schl.B. T study American histry.
C. T write a bk.D. T d sightseeing.
5. What can we learn abut the girls frm paragraph 3?
A. They enjyed much respect.B. They had a rm with a bathtub.
C. They lived with the lcal kids.D. They suffered severe hardships.
6. Which part f Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising?
A. The extreme climate f Auburn.B. The living cnditins in Elkhead.
C. The railrad building in the Rckies.D. The natural beauty f the West.
7. What is the text?
A. A news reprt.B. A bk review.C. A children’s stry.D. A diary entry.
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B
【解析】本文是一篇书评。本文简要介绍了Drthy Wickenden的书籍并对其进行了评价。
4. A细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1916, tw girls f wealthy families, best friends frm Auburn, Wdruff and Rsamnd Underwd -traveled t a settlement in the Rcky Muntains t teach in a ne-rm schlhuse. (1916年，来自纽约奥本市的两个富裕家庭的女孩——Drthy Wdruff和Rsamnd Underwd——来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书。)”可知，Drthy和Rsamnd去落基山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选A。
5. D推理判断题。根据第三段“They mved in with a lcal family, the Harrisns, and like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket f snw n their quilt when they wke up in the mrning.(他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。)”以及“In spring, the snw was replaced by mud ver ice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。)”可知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。故选D项。
6. C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“A hair-raising sectin cncerns the building f the railrads, which entailed drilling thrugh the Rckies, ften in blinding snwstrms.(令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉。)”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。故选C项。
7. B推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The bk ends with Rsamnd and Drthy’s return t Auburn.(这本书以Rsamnd和Drthy回到奥本结束。)”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a very gd stryteller. The sweep f the land and the sticism f the peple mve her t sme beautiful writing.( Wickenden是个很好的讲故事的人。大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。)”可知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden的书籍内容，并对其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选B项。
29.A【2021·英语全国甲卷】
A Take a view, the Landscape（风景）Phtgrapher f the Year Award, was the idea f Charlie Waite, ne f tday's mst respected landscape phtgraphers.Each year, the high standard f entries has shwn that the Awards are the perfect platfrm t shwcase the very best phtgraphy f the British landscape.Take a view is a desirable annual cmpetitin fr phtgraphers frm all cmers f the UK and beynd.
3．Where can the text be fund?
A．In a histry bk.B．In a nvel.C．In an art magazine.D．In a bigraphy.
【答案】3．C
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Take a view以及获奖的相关情况。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Each year, the high standard f entries has shwn that the Awards are the perfect platfrm t shwcase the very best phtgraphy f the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual cmpetitin fr phtgraphers frm all cmers f the UK and beynd.”（每年参赛作品的高水准表明，该奖项是展示英国风景最佳摄影作品的完美平台。 对于英国和世界各地的摄影师来说，Take a view是一项令人向往的年度竞赛 ）结合下文对两位获奖者及其作品的介绍，可知这篇文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Take a view以及获奖的相关情况，最可能出现在一本艺术杂志上。故选C。
30.【2022年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）】
The United States rse t glbal pwer n the strength f its technlgy, and the lifebld that technlgy has lng been electricity. By prviding lng-distance cmmunicatin and energy, electricity created the mdem wrld. Yet prperly understd, the age f electricity is merely the secnd stage in the age f steam, which began a century earlier.
"It is curius that n ne has put tgether a histry f bth the steam and electric revlutins." writes Maury Klein in his bk The Pwer Makers, Steam, Electricity, and the Men Invented Mdem America. Klein, a nted histrian f technlgy, spins a narrative s lively that at times it reads like a nvel.
The stry begins in the last years f the 18th century in Sctland, where Watt perfected "the machine that changed the wrld". Klein writes, "America did nt invent the steam engine, but nce they grasped its passwrds they put it t mre uses than anyne else. "
Meanwhile, ver the curse f 19th century, electricity went frm mere curisity t a basic necessity. Mrse invented a cde fr sending messages ver an electrmagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a vice. Edisn perfected an incandescent bulls that brught electric light int the American hme.
Mst imprtantly, Edisn realized that success depended n mass electrificatin, which he shwed in New Yrk City. With help frm Tesla, Westinghuse's firm develped a system using alternating current, which sn became the majr frms f pwer delivery.
T frame his stry, Klein creates the character f Ned, a fictinal witness t the prgress brught abut by the steams and electric revlutins in America during ne man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a lng narrative int an interesting ne.
4．What is Klein's understanding f the age f electricity?
A．It is clsely linked t the steam age.
B．It began earlier than prper thught.
C．It is a little-studied perid f histry.
D．It will cme t an end sner r later.
5．What can be inferred abut Ned?
A．He was brn in New Yrk City.B．He wrte many increasing stries,
C．He created an electricity cmpany.D．He lived mainly in the 19th century.
6．What is the text?
A．A bigraphy.B．A bk review.C．A shrt stry.D．A science reprt.
【答案】4．A5．D6．C
【解析】本文是说明文。文章按照时间顺序讲述了蒸汽时代和电力时代的联系。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段“It is curius that n ne has put tgether a histry f bth the steam and electric revlutins.”（我很好奇，竟然没有人把蒸汽和电力革命的历史放在一起。）可知，在Klein看来，电力时代和蒸汽时代是有很紧密的联系的。故选A。
5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“T frame his stry, Klein creates the character f Ned, a fictinal witness t the prgress brught abut by the steams and electric revlutins in America during ne man's lifetime.”（为了编织他的故事，Klein创造了一个人物Ned，它是对美国蒸汽和电力革命在一个人的整个人生中的进程的神奇的见证。）和第四段“Meanwhile, ver the curse f 19th century, electricity went frm mere curisity t a basic necessity.”（同时，在19世纪，电力从好奇变成了根需。）可知，Ned见证了蒸汽时代和电力革命，所以他应该是生活在19世纪。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段“The stry begins in the last years f the 18th century in Sctland”（这个故事开始于苏格兰18世纪最后几年）可知，这篇文章是一篇小故事。故选C。
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】阅读理解之推理判断---引申推断题（最新模拟）
【题型二】阅读理解之推理判断---写作目的和意图题（最新模拟）
【题型三】阅读理解之推理判断---描述人物或事件的特征（最新模拟）
【题型四】阅读理解之推理判断---写作手法题（最新模拟）
【题型五】阅读理解之推理判断---作者的写作态度（最新模拟）
【题型六】阅读理解之推理判断---推断文章出处（最新模拟）
【题型七】阅读理解之推理判断---推断文章走势（最新模拟）
02 重难创新练（阅读理解创新题）
03 真题实战练
【说明】因为是二轮复习，所以为了保持语篇的完整性，没有对语篇进行删减，对细节理解题进行了蓝色标注。
Mike Shepherd(2011)
Skiddaw in Winter
Cumbria, England
It was an extremely cld winter's evening and freezing fg hung in the air. I climbed t the tp f a small rise and realised that the mist was little mre than a few feet deep, and thugh it was nly a shrt climb, I fund myself cmpletely abve it and lking at a wnderfully clear view f Skiddaw with the sum setting in the west. I used classical techniques, translated frm my cllege days spent in the darkrm int Phtshp, t achieve the black—and—white image（图像）.
Timthy Smith(2014)
Macclesfield Frest
Cheshire, England
I was back in my hme twn f Macclesfield t take sme winter images. Walking up a path thrugh the frest twards Shutlingsle. a lcal high pint, I came acrss a small clearing and immediately nticed the dead yellw grasses set against the fresh snw. The small pine added t the interest and I placed it centrally t take the view frm the fregrund right thrugh int the frest.