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    闽粤皖京甘豫2024届高考英语一轮复习学案选择性必修第四册Unit12Innovation北师大版

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    闽粤皖京甘豫2024届高考英语一轮复习学案选择性必修第四册Unit12Innovation北师大版

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    这是一份闽粤皖京甘豫2024届高考英语一轮复习学案选择性必修第四册Unit12Innovation北师大版,共12页。

    Ⅰ.认阅读单词
    1.vitamin n.维生素
    2.labur-saving adj.节省劳力的
    3.micrscpe n.显微镜
    4.crrespnd vi.通信
    5.satellite n.人造卫星;卫星
    6.rbit n.轨道 vi.&vt.沿轨道运行
    7.particle n.粒子,质点
    8.premier adj.最好的;最重要的
    9.subsequently adv.后来,随后
    10.relativity n.相对性
    11.muld n.霉,霉菌
    12.penicillin n.青霉素,盘尼西林
    13.navy n.海军
    14.missile n.导弹,飞弹
    15.physicist n.物理学家
    16.tube n.圆管,管子;电视显像管,阴极射线管
    17.circuit n.电路,线路;环形道路
    18.cincidence n.运气;巧合
    19.incubatin n.孵化
    20.PhD (Dctr f Philsphy) n.博士学位
    21.csmlgy n.宇宙论,宇宙学
    22.kettle n.水壶,壶
    23.revlutin n.彻底变革,革命
    24.fibre n.(木材、碳等天然材料的)纤维
    25.mechanical adj.机械的
    Ⅱ.记重点单词
    1.well-being n.健康,幸福,舒适
    2.garbage n.垃圾
    3.device n.设备,装置;修辞手段
    4.instant adj.立刻的,马上的
    5.launch vt.发射;发动,发起,开始从事
    6.split vi.&vt.分割,把……分开;分成(不同部分)
    7.utspken adj.坦率的,直言不讳的
    8.cnstant adj.恒久不变的;持续不断的,经常发生的 n.常量,恒量
    9.finding n.研究的结果;发现
    10.bilgist n.生物学家
    11.perceive vt.察觉,注意到,发觉
    12.millin num.百万
    13.humble adj.谦虚的,谦卑的
    14.utcme n.结果,后果
    15.jint adj.联合的,共同的,共有的
    16.emerge vi.出现,浮现
    17.vercme vt.克服(困难),控制(感情);征服,战胜
    18.decline vi.减少,降低
    19.grand adj.宏伟的,壮丽的,隆重的
    20.bnus n.意外收获,额外的好处;奖金;红利
    21.gravity n.重力,引力
    22.steam n.水蒸气;蒸汽动力
    Ⅲ.知拓展单词
    1.entertainment n.娱乐活动,娱乐节目→entertain v.招待;使快乐;娱乐→entertaining adj.有趣的
    2.gifted adj.有天赋的,有才华的→gift n.天赋,天才,才能;礼物
    3.prductive adj.多产的;丰饶的;富有成效的→prduce v.生产 n.农产品→prduct n.产品;产物→prductin n.生产;产量
    4.scientific adj.科学(上)的→science n.科学→scientist n.科学家
    5.dnate vi.&vt.捐献(器官),献(血);捐赠,捐献→dnatin n.捐赠,捐献→dnr n.捐赠者
    6.accuracy n.准确性;精准度;正确,准确→accurate adj.正确的,准确的→accurately adv.准确地
    7.efficiently adv.有效率地,高效能地→efficient adj.高效的→inefficient adj.效率低的→efficiency n.效率
    8.prpse vt.提出(某观点、方法等)→prpsal n.提议;建议;求婚
    9.clueless adj.一窍不通的,一无所知的→clue n.线索;提示
    10.evaluatin n.评价,评估→evaluate v.评价,评估
    11.theretical adj.理论的→thery n.理论;学说
    12.bil vi.&vt.(使)沸腾,煮沸;(用开水)煮 n.沸腾→biling adj.炎热的;炽热的→biled adj.煮沸的,煮熟的
    13.imprvement n.改善,改进;改进之处→imprve v.改善;提高
    14.availability n.可能性→available adj.可利用的;可得到的
    15.explde vi.&vt.(使)爆炸;急剧增长→explsin n.爆炸→explsive adj.(易)爆炸的
    16.mass n.大量,大宗;质量adj.大量的→massive adj.巨大的;非常严重的
    17.sailr n.水手,海员→sail v.航行,起航→sailing n.帆船运动;航行
    18.illustrate vt.说明,阐明;给(书籍、文章等)加插图→illustratin n.说明,阐明
    19.regulate vt.控制,管理→regulatin n.规则;规章;管理
    20.preserve vt.保存(食物),腌制;维护,保护 n.腌菜,果酱→preservatin n.维护;保存
    21.specifically adv.特定地,专门地→specific adj.特别的;具体的;明确的
    22.electric adj.用电的,带电的,电动的→electrical adj.电的,与电有关的→electrnic adj.电子的→electricity n.电;电能
    1.plicy n.政策
    2.plish vt.磨光;修改;润色
    3.prtable adj.手提的,便携式的
    4.psitive adj.积极的
    5.pssibility n.可能,可能性
    6.primitive adj.原始的;远古的;简陋的
    7.principle n.原理;原则;信条
    8.prcess n.过程 vt.加工
    9.prhibit vt.阻止;禁止
    10.prmte vt.促进;提升
    Ⅳ.背核心短语
    1.in spite f虽然;不顾;尽管……(仍……)
    2.have sth n ne’s hands有某事要处理
    3.nt t mentin...更不用说……
    4.range 范围从……到……
    5.figure ut算出;弄懂;弄清楚
    6.single ut 挑选;挑出
    7.turn t sb向某人求助
    8.in a jint effrt在共同努力下
    9.g ut熄灭
    10.be dedicated t 致力于;献身于
    11.be expected t d sth预计会做某事
    12.be reduced t 减少到
    13.reflect n 仔细考虑,反省
    Ⅴ.悟经典句式
    1.If yu had t chse the single mst imprtant discvery f the 20th century,yu wuld have a real prblem n yur hands.(if 引导的虚拟条件句)
    如果你必须在20世纪重大发现中选出最重要的一项,这可不是件容易的事。
    2. the way we crrespnd went frm writing letters t emailing and sending instant messages.(the way 作先行词的定语从句)
    ……我们的通信方式从写信变成了发电子邮件和发送即时信息。
    3. used s much energy that when it was turned n,the lights in the lcal twn went ut!(引导结果状语从句)
    ……它消耗如此多的电量,以至于当它启动的时候,当地镇子上的灯都熄灭了!
    4.Human life n this planet has been transfrmed int a “glbal village”,with all the different cuntries linked in the chain f cmmn interests.(with+宾语+dne)
    不同国家因共同利益而连接起来,使得这个星球上人类的生活已经转变为“地球村”。
    5.This hle led t anther universe,cmpletely separate frm ur wn.[形容词(短语)作状语]
    这种洞通向另一个宇宙,与我们的世界完全分隔。
    6.In TheGrandDesign (2010,with Lenard Mldinw),Hawking argued that we shuld lk fr a different way t discver the deepest secrets f the universe.(argue that...认为……)
    在《宏伟设计》(2010年出版,与莱昂纳德·蒙洛迪诺合著)一书中,霍金提出我们应该用一种不同的方式去发现宇宙最深处的秘密。
    7.As the water biled,the steam made the tp f the kettle bunce up and dwn.(as引导的时间状语从句)
    当水沸腾时,水蒸气使水壶的盖子上下弹跳。
    请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文,然后核对答案并背诵该短文。
    eq \x(efficiently,prpse,perceive,imprvement,accuracy,regulate,prductive)
    The wrld needs innvatins fr ur well-being.We need 1.____________ crps fr the ever increasing ppulatin,electric labur-saving devices t wrk mre 2.____________ and sme new ways t deal with garbage.Sme peple think that nly gifted peple can invent new things.Fr example,Einstein put frward the Thery f Relativity,which shws even time,mass r length are nt cnstant.Bilgist Alexander Fleming discvered penicillin.Eckert,an engineer and Mauchly,a physicist,prduced a machine t imprve the 3.____________ f missiles in a jint effrt.Hawking 4.____________ the Big Bang Thery in spite f his disability.James Watt invented the first steam engine.Hwever,their achievements lay in the fact that they culd 5.____________ sme therwise ignred phenmena and they vercame varius difficulties.Subsequently utstanding utcmesemerged.If we cmmn peple are dedicated t the 6.____________ f smething,maybe we will cause a revlutin.S if yu want t find a gd way t 7.____________ traffic r t preserve fd,just launch yur prject instantly.A bnus is specifically waiting fr yu.
    提示:题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
    entertainment n.文娱节目;娱乐;招待,款待(entertain vi.&vt.使娱乐,使快乐;招待 entertaining adj.有趣的;令人愉快的)
    (1)Yu have helped me vercme a mass f prblems, s I will entertain yu ____________ what yu like eating mst.Then, we will g t the cinema fr ____________(entertain).
    (2)(读后续写之安慰)发现母亲在哭,小汤米不遗余力地用他能想到的方法来让她开心。他生动地给她讲有趣的故事。最后,让他高兴的是,他的母亲破涕为笑了。
    Having fund his mther weeping,little Tmmy spared n effrt t _________________________
    __________________.He vividly tld ________________________________________________ t her.Finally, ____________________________________, his mther smiled thrugh tears.
    gifted adj.有天赋的;天才的(gift n.礼物;天才;天赋)
    (1)Being the sn f a skilled sailr,the by seemed t be gifted ____________ sailing.
    =Being the sn f a skilled sailr,the by seemed t have a gift ____________ sailing.
    (2)(应用文写作之通知)许多有天赋的学生和音乐教师将在音乐节期间进行表演。
    ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ during the music festival.
    decline n.衰落;减少vi.减少;下降;婉言谢绝
    (1)These lights,knwn as adaptive signals,have led t significant declines ____________ bth the truble and cst f travels between wrk and hme.(2020·浙江7月)
    (2)Hward declined ____________(take) bnus humbly in spite f his great cntributins t the prgramme.
    (3)It is nt surprising that the enterprise is ____________ the decline fr lack f innvatin.
    (4)(话题写作之介绍现状)由于疫情,去年该度假村的游客人数下降了60%。
    The number f turists t the resrt ______________________________ because f the epidemic.
    preserve vt.保存(食物),腌制;维护;保护;保留n.保护区;腌菜,果酱(preservatin n.维护;保护;保养)
    (1)Penicillin has played an imprtant rle in preserving wunds ________________________ infectin and subsequently saves millins f lives.
    (2)(话题写作之传统文化与习俗)在我看来,一些传统的旧习俗应该被很好地保留,所以迫切需要想出一些有效的保护措施。
    Frm my pint f view,_______________________________________________________.S there is an urgent need t think f ________________________________________.
    as引导的状语从句 As the water biled,the steam made the tp f the kettle bunce up and dwn.
    当水沸腾时,水蒸气使水壶的盖子上下弹跳。
    (1)写出下列句子中as的汉语意思
    ①As time ges by,mre and mre peple have perceived that nly by jint effrts can we preserve ceans frm being plluted.____________
    ② Yu shuld treat thers as yu wuld like t be treated.____________
    ③Child as he is,he can prpse sme scientificimprvement measures.____________
    ④ I biled with anger,as my sn didn’t behave well at table.____________
    (2)(读后续写之紧张心理描写)随着公共汽车越来越靠近城镇,汤姆浑身颤抖,如坐针毡。
    ____________________________________________________________________,Tm shk all ver,feeling like sitting n pins and needles.
    (3)尽管我们又累又饿,但是我们从这次五千米越野赛跑中受益匪浅。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
    ________________________________________________________________________,we benefited a lt frm the five-kilmeter crss-cuntry running race.
    (4)我不像你一样了解这座城市,所以你能带我参观一下这座城市吗?
    I ____________________________________________________________, s culd yu please shw me arund the city?
    形容词(短语)作状语 This hle led t anther universe,cmpletely separate frm ur wn.这种洞通向另一个宇宙,与我们的世界完全分隔。
    (1)使我们欣慰的是,丢失的孩子10天后回到了家,虽然筋疲力尽但还健康。
    T ur relief,the missing child returned hme ten days later,________________________.
    (2)(读后续写之兴奋心理描写)既兴奋又感动,他们泪流满面。
    ____________________________________,they were in tears.
    (3)(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)害怕找不到去农场的路,我坐在一棵树旁,胳膊紧紧地抱着肩膀。
    ________________________________________________________________________,I sat beside a tree and held my shulders in my arms tightly.
    (4)出乎意料的是,父亲并没有勃然大怒,反而和颜悦色地和我交谈。
    ________________, my father didn’t explde with anger and instead, he talked with me mildly.
    1.Mike Curtin sees my arugula stry all the time—but fr him,it’s mre like 12 bxes f dnated strawberries nearing their last days.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)
    迈克·科廷一直都明白我的芝麻菜故事——但对他来说,这更像是捐赠的12盒即将变质的草莓。
    2.“We need smething n the bks that can change peple’s behavir,” said Félix W.Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state’s 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers.(2022·新高考全国Ⅱ)
    “我们需要将一些可以改变人们行为的东西写入法律。”菲力克斯·W·奥尔蒂斯说,他推动了该州2001年禁止司机使用手持设备的禁令。
    3.A year later,much t my delight,this man prduced a little bx with a ring and prpsed t me.(2022·全国甲)
    令我非常高兴的是,一年后,这个男人拿出一个装有戒指的小盒子向我求婚。
    4.T frame his stry,Klein creates the character f Ned,a fictinal witness t the prgress brught abut by the steam and electric revlutins in America during ne man’s lifetime.
    (2022·浙江1月)
    为了构建他的故事,克莱因创造了奈德这个角色,一个虚构的见证者,在他的一生中见证了美国的蒸汽和电力革命所带来的进步。
    5.The benefits f regular exercise are well dcumented but there’s a new bnus t add t the ever-grwing list.(2022·浙江1月)
    定期锻炼的好处已经被很好地记载了,但现在又有一项新的好处要添到这个日益增加的列表里了。
    6.In anther (study),emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.(2020·全国Ⅰ)
    在另一项研究中,当员工工作的场所被室内植物装饰时,他们的工作效率会提高15%。
    7.The cnnectin between peple and plants has lng been the subject f scientific research.(2020·全国Ⅰ)
    人与植物之间的联系一直是科学研究的主题。
    8.Because the mn’s bdy blcks direct radi cmmunicatin with a prbe,China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt where it culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth.(2020·全国Ⅰ)
    由于月球的表面阻碍了与探测器的直接无线电通信,中国首先必须向月球上方的轨道上的某个点发射一颗卫星,在那里它可以向探测器和地球发送信号。
    9.She had split up with her husband the week befre,was living in a flat by herself,and since she’d fund it t much t cpe with,she’d taken it ut n ther peple.(2020·全国Ⅲ)
    一周前,她和丈夫分手了,一个人住在公寓里,而且她因为觉得自己应付不过来,就把气撒在了别人身上。
    10.Fr the past tw years,Grdn’s students have been studying ways t kill bacteria in zer gravity,and they think they’re clse t a slutin.(2019·全国Ⅱ)
    在过去的两年里,戈登的学生一直在研究在零重力条件下杀死细菌的方法,他们认为他们已经快找到解决方案了。
    提示:题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
    Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍
    1.preserve
    eq \x(A.n.保护区 B.vt.保护 C.vt.保存)
    (1)We must preserve ur natural resurces.________
    (2)The ship is equipped with special refrigerating devices t preserve fd. ________
    (3)N hunting is allwed in the preserve.________
    2.mass
    eq \x(A.n.大量 B.n.民众 C.n.质量 D.adj.大规模的,大众的)
    (1)Mdern educatin is a mass enterprise.________
    (2)After harvest we will have a mass f rice.________
    (3)Einstein studied the relatin between energy and mass.________
    (4)We must be cncerned abut the welfare f the masses.________
    3.快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思
    (1)The satellite itself will rbit arund the Earth fr a perid f time.____________
    (2)The enemy launched an attack at 2 ’clck in the mrning. ____________
    (3)Jack biled when he lst the game because f his wn mistake.____________
    (4)He was afraid that if he prpsed she might refuse.____________
    (5)Even chimp mthers regularly decline t share fd with their children, wh are able frm a yung age t gather their wn fd.____________
    (6)A cmpany had prblems when it tried t intrduce instant cffee t the French market.____________
    Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
    1.I really admire the manager because he is gifted ____________ reslving prblems efficiently.
    2.T my ________________(entertain),the cat jumped up in panic when seeing the cucumber.
    3.The general prpsed that they ______________(cease) fire and negtiate a cmprmise.
    4.The surgen declined ________________(attend) the ceremny,saying that he wuld have an imprtant peratin t perfrm that day.
    5.Thugh vercme ________________ panic,the tailr picked up curage and came ut t see what had happened.
    6.Unfrtunately,just ____________ I tk ut my camera,a wman apprached frm behind,and planted herself right in frnt f my view.
    7.The ban n plastic bags is t preserve the envirnment ____________ being plluted.
    8.A few representatives frm different cmpanies dnated necessary supplies ________ the disaster area.
    9.The ld sldier has a gd memry and can recall the vilent battle with __________(accurate).
    10.The scientist is dedicated ____________ the research in spite f his advanced age.
    Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练
    (2019·1月上海——关于通过APP 分享衣物的看法)
    1.在我看来,你建议的处理衣服的方式非常棒。(the way 作先行词的定语从句)
    ________________________________________________________________________________
    ________________________________________________________________________________
    2.我非常喜欢这个想法,以至于我想立刻在应用程序上展示我的衣服。(引导结果状语从句)
    ________________________________________________________________________________
    ________________________________________________________________________________
    3.因为我长得快,很多看起来还新的衣服都不再适合我了。(as 引导的状语从句)
    ________________________________________________________________________
    ________________________________________________________________________
    4.如果我把它们扔掉,那就是在浪费钱。(if引导的虚拟条件句)
    ________________________________________________________________________________
    ________________________________________________________________________________
    5.我认为我们也可以分享一些在特殊场合穿的衣服。(argue that...认为……)
    ________________________________________________________________________________
    ________________________________________________________________________________
    6.此外,在图片上展示尺码,衣服将被更好地分享。(with+宾语+dne)
    ________________________________________________________________________________
    ________________________________________________________________________________
    Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练
    教材续写语料
    1.情感描写
    instant adj.立即的 n.某一时刻
    bil v.(使)沸腾;用开水煮;怒火中烧
    explde vi.&vt.(使)爆炸;急剧增长
    perceive vt.意识到;察觉
    grand adj.宏伟的;了不起的
    2.动作描写
    launch vt.开始从事;发起
    emerge vi.出现,兴起
    dnate vt.捐赠;捐献
    vercme vt.克服;战胜;受到……的极大影响
    split vt.分裂;分开
    3.环境描写
    garbage n.垃圾
    mass n.一群;一堆
    steam n.水蒸气;蒸汽
    续写语料运用
    请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇,完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。
    在非洲旅行时,Hans 看到一个人把食物扔进垃圾桶,在它旁边有一群孩子在寻找可以吃的东西。他怒不可遏,完全被悲伤影响。一个伟大的想法出现在他的脑海,即他可以为那些可怜的孩子捐赠食物。他一回到家,就发起了一场反对饥饿的运动。
    When traveling in Africa,Hans saw a guy thrwing fd int ________________________,beside which ________________________________________.He ________________________ and _____________________.__________________________________ in his mind that he culd ________________________________.________________________________________________________________________,he ____________________________________ against starvatin.•t ne’s entertainment使某人高兴的是
    •entertain sb t sth用某物招待某人
    entertain sb with sth用某物使某人快乐
    •be gifted in在……方面有天赋
    •have a gift fr对……有天赋
    保护……免受……
    be well/strictly preserved被很好/严格地保存/保护
    as作连词,可引导以下状语从句:
    •作“在……期间,当……的时候,随着……”解,引导时间状语从句。
    •作“由于”解,引导原因状语从句,常用来表示已为人们所知或显而易见的原因或理由。
    •作“像……,按照……的方式”解,引导方式状语从句。
    •用于或nt 中,前一个as是副词,后一个as是连词,引导比较状语从句。
    •表示“虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句,常用倒装语序,构成“n./v./adj./adv.+as+主语+谓语/系动词”结构。
    此句中的cmpletely separate frm ur wn是形容词短语作状语,其具体用法如下:
    •形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等,可位于句首、句末或句中,常用逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。
    •形容词(短语)作状语时常用来说明句子主语的状态。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子,则应用副词作状语。

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