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    ①寒假复习-第02讲 名词短语、形容词短语&副词短语(学生版)2025年高一英语寒假衔接讲练 (人教版)

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    ①寒假复习-第02讲 名词短语、形容词短语&副词短语(学生版)2025年高一英语寒假衔接讲练 (人教版)

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    这是一份①寒假复习-第02讲 名词短语、形容词短语&副词短语(学生版)2025年高一英语寒假衔接讲练 (人教版),共8页。试卷主要包含了 名词短语等内容,欢迎下载使用。

    考点1. 名词短语(NP)
    定义要点:
    是一种短语结构,其中心词为名词,其他词或短语围绕该名词对其起到修饰、限定、说明等作用,整体在句子中的功能相当于名词。
    结构要点:
    限定词 + 名词:例如 “a bk”(一本书),“a” 作为限定词限定了后面的名词 “bk”,表明数量是一本;“the pen”(这支笔),“the” 特指某一支笔。
    形容词 + 名词:像 “beautiful flwers”(美丽的花),“beautiful” 修饰 “flwers”,描述花的外观特征;“big huse”(大房子),说明房子的大小属性。
    名词所有格 + 名词:比如 “Tm's bk”(汤姆的书),通过 “Tm's” 表明书所属的对象是汤姆;“my mther's car”(我妈妈的车),清晰指出车的所有者。
    数词 + 名词:“tw dgs”(两条狗),“tw” 明确了狗的数量;“five students”(五个学生),用数词对数目的多少进行限定。
    动名词 + 名词:“swimming pl”(游泳池),“swimming” 是动名词,表明这个池子的用途是用于游泳;“reading rm”(阅览室),说明房间是用来阅读的。
    不定式 + 名词:“time t g”(该走的时间),“t g” 作为不定式修饰 “time”,表示时间是用于出发的;“way t slve the prblem”(解决问题的办法),指出是能用来解决问题的途径。
    名词 + 介词短语:“students in the classrm”(教室里的学生),“in the classrm” 这个介词短语限定了 “students” 所在的位置;“bks n the desk”(桌子上的书),说明书本所处的地点。
    名词 + and/but 等连词 + 名词:“bys and girls”(男孩和女孩),用 “and” 连接两个名词表示并列关系;“apples r bananas”(苹果或香蕉),“r” 表示选择关系。
    功能要点:
    作主语:例如 “Beautiful flwers make the rm lively.”(美丽的花使房间充满生机。),句子中 “Beautiful flwers” 作为主语,是动作 “make” 的执行者,表达了什么事物让房间变得有生机。
    作宾语:“I like reading bks.”(我喜欢读书。),“reading bks” 在这里充当动词 “like” 的宾语,说明喜欢的对象是什么。
    作表语:“My hbby is cllecting stamps.”(我的爱好是集邮。),“cllecting stamps” 作为表语,用于说明主语 “My hbby” 具体是什么内容。
    作宾补:“We made Tm ur mnitr.”(我们选汤姆做我们的班长。),“ur mnitr” 补充说明宾语 “Tm” 的身份,是宾语补足语。
    考点再现
    1. 句 “Many beautiful flwers in the park attract bees.” 中名词短语结构及成分?
    _________________________________________________________________________________
    2. 句 “____ (bk)n the desk is mine.” 中填入合适名词短语并说功能及原因。
    _________________________________________________________________________________
    3. 句 “Thse cute kittens playing utside are lvely.” 中名词短语可简化成啥不改变基本意?
    _________________________________________________________________________________
    考点2. 形容词短语(AdjP)
    定义要点:
    以形容词作为中心词,其他成分用来修饰、补充这个形容词,整体在句子里的功能与形容词一致,用于描述人、事物的性质、状态等特点。
    结构要点:
    副词 + 形容词:比如 “very gd”(非常好),“very” 这个副词用来加强 “gd” 的程度,更具体地表达好的程度;“quite beautiful”(相当美丽),“quite” 修饰 “beautiful”,让美丽的程度更明确。
    形容词 + 介词短语:“afraid f the dark”(害怕黑暗),“afraid” 是形容词,“f the dark” 这个介词短语进一步说明害怕的对象是什么;“gd at English”(擅长英语),表明在哪方面具备 “gd” 这种擅长的特质。
    形容词 + 不定式:“happy t help”(乐意帮忙),“happy” 作为形容词,“t help” 不定式说明高兴是针对帮忙这件事的;“eager t learn”(渴望学习),表明渴望的具体行为是学习。
    形容词 + and/but 等连词 + 形容词:“big and bright”(又大又明亮),通过 “and” 连接两个形容词,同时描述事物具备两种并列的特点;“small but lvely”(小但可爱),“but” 连接表示转折关系的两种特点。
    功能要点:
    修饰名词或代词(作定语):“The cute baby is sleeping.”(这个可爱的宝宝正在睡觉。),“cute” 修饰名词 “baby”,限定是可爱的宝宝;“She is a kind girl.”(她是一个善良的女孩。),“kind” 修饰 “girl”,描述女孩的性格特点。
    作表语:“The weather is nice tday.”(今天天气很好。),“nice” 作为形容词短语的中心词,在这里作表语,说明主语 “the weather” 的状况;“He seems tired.”(他看起来很累。),“tired” 对主语 “He” 的状态进行描述。
    作宾补:“We fund the stry interesting.”(我们觉得这个故事很有趣。),“interesting” 补充说明宾语 “the stry” 给人的感觉,起到宾语补足语的作用。
    作状语(少数情况):“Glad t see yu, I smiled.”(很高兴见到你,我笑了。),“Glad t see yu” 这个形容词短语在这里相当于一个状语,说明 “我笑了” 的原因,是因为见到对方很高兴。
    考点再现
    1. 句 “The dress, nice t wear, is ppular.” 中形容词短语结构及功能、效果?
    _________________________________________________________________________________
    2. 用“fr kids”“fun”组形容词短语,然后造句,并说语法功能。
    _________________________________________________________________________________
    3. 改 “He seems a little sad.” 换形容词短语且意思基本不变,分析新短语结构及功能。
    _________________________________________________________________________________
    考点3. 副词短语(AdvP)
    定义要点:
    以副词作为中心词,搭配其他词语对该副词进行修饰、补充,在句子里行使副词的功能,常用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或者整个句子,表明时间、地点、方式、程度等情况。
    结构要点:
    副词 + 副词:例如 “very carefully”(非常仔细地),“very” 修饰 “carefully”,进一步强调仔细的程度;“quite slwly”(相当缓慢地),“quite” 加强了 “slwly” 表示缓慢的程度。
    副词 + 介词短语:“far frm here”(离这里很远),“far” 作为副词说明距离的远近,“frm here” 这个介词短语补充距离是相对于哪里而言的;“quickly t the classrm”(快速地朝教室去),表明去教室的速度和方向。
    副词 + and/but 等连词 + 副词:“again and again”(再三地,反复地),通过 “and” 连接两个 “again”,强调重复的次数多;“slwly but steadily”(缓慢但稳定地),“but” 连接表示转折关系的两个副词,描述动作进行的状态特点。
    功能要点:
    修饰动词(作状语):“He runs very fast.”(他跑得非常快。),“very fast” 这个副词短语修饰动词 “runs”,说明跑的速度情况;“She sings beautifully.”(她唱歌唱得很动听。),“beautifully” 修饰 “sings”,表明唱歌的方式和效果。
    修饰形容词(作状语):“The mvie is really interesting.”(这部电影真的很有趣。),“really” 修饰形容词 “interesting”,加强有趣的程度;“The bx is t heavy.”(这个箱子太重了。),“t” 修饰 “heavy”,突出重的程度。
    修饰副词(作状语):“He writes quite carefully.”(他写得相当仔细。),“quite” 修饰副词 “carefully”,进一步强化仔细的程度;“She speaks English very fluently.”(她英语说得非常流利。),“very” 修饰 “fluently”,更具体地说明流利的程度。
    修饰整个句子(作状语):“Luckily, we arrived n time.”(幸运的是,我们按时到达了。),“Luckily” 这个副词短语修饰整个句子,表明后面所述事情发生的一种幸运的状况;“Generally speaking, it's a gd idea.”(一般来说,这是个好主意。),“Generally speaking” 用于对整个句子所表达的观点进行一种普遍性的说明。
    考点再现
    1. 句 “She writes very neatly.” 中副词短语结构及修饰对象?
    _________________________________________________________________________________
    2. 用 “slw”“enugh” 组副词短语造含 “that...” 的句子并说语法功能。
    _________________________________________________________________________________
    3. 填句 “The car runs ____.” 合适副词短语并说功能及效果。
    _________________________________________________________________________________
    一、单项选择题(10 小题,每题 2 分,共 20 分)
    1. Which f the fllwing phrases is a nun phrase? ( )
    A. jump high B. a sunny day C. really beautiful D. quite fast
    2. 下列短语中,属于形容词短语的是( )
    A. read bks B. gd at math C. my pen D. run slwly
    3. 以下哪个短语是副词短语?( )
    A. very carefully B. big huse C. happy children D. write well
    4. In the sentence “I like ____ (bk) with interesting stries.”, which f the fllwing can be filled in as a prper nun phrase? ( )
    A. read bk B. a bring bk C. t write bk D. bk nice
    5. “The by, ____ (happy) t see his mther, ran twards her quickly.” What kind f phrase shuld be filled in the blank? ( )
    A. nun phrase B. verb phrase C. adverb phrase D. adjective phrase
    6. 短语 “quite useful” 属于以下哪种类型的短语?( )
    A. 名词短语 B. 形容词短语 C. 副词短语 D. 介词短语
    7. Which phrase can be used as an adverbial in a sentence? ( )
    A. a new bike B. t difficult C. far away D. play ftball
    8. “The beautiful dress, ____ (fit) fr the party, is mine.” The crrect type f phrase t fill in the blank is ( )
    A. nun phrase B. adjective phrase C. adverb phrase D. gerund phrase
    9. 以下短语中,结构与 “a red apple” 类似的是( )
    A. very gd B. run fast C. the tall tree D. n the table
    10. 短语 “slwly and steadily” 在句子中一般充当( )
    A. 主语 B. 宾语 C. 状语 D. 表语
    二、填空题:用所给词的适当形式填空(10 小题,每题 3 分,共 30 分)
    1. 在句子 “The ____ (bird)in the sky are flying freely.”
    2. I find the mvie very ____ (interest)t watch.
    3. She answered the questin very ____ (careful).
    4. 在句子 “The best ____ (student)frm ur class wn the cmpetitin.”
    5. The weather is ____ (nice)enugh fr a picnic.
    6. He walked rather ____ (slw)twards the dr.
    7. 在句子 “Thse ld ____ (ty)n the shelf are very ld.”
    8. The stry is really ____ (exciting)t listen t.
    9. They played the game ____ (happy).
    10. 在句子 “My gd ____ (friend)at schl are very kind.”
    三、句子分析题(10 小题,每题 5 分,共 50 分)
    1. 分析句子 “The clrful ballns flating in the air make the party lively.” 中名词短语的结构及在句中所起的作用。
    _________________________________________________________________________________
    2. 分析句子 “The girl, excited abut the trip, culdn't sleep last night.” 中形容词短语的结构及在句中所起的作用。
    _________________________________________________________________________________
    3. 分析句子 “He drve the car very slwly n the narrw rad.” 中副词短语的结构及在句中所起的作用。
    _________________________________________________________________________________
    4. 分析句子 “Thse delicius cakes made by my grandma are my favrite.” 中名词短语的结构及在句中所起的作用。
    _________________________________________________________________________________
    5. 分析句子 “The by, afraid f the dark, always sleeps with the light n.” 中形容词短语的结构及在句中所起的作用。
    _________________________________________________________________________________
    6. 分析句子 “She sang the sng beautifully in the cncert hall.” 中副词短语的结构及在句中所起的作用。
    _________________________________________________________________________________
    7. 分析句子 “The interesting bk n the desk attracts my attentin.” 中名词短语的结构及在句中所起的作用。
    _________________________________________________________________________________
    8. 分析句子 “The children, happy t get presents, shuted with jy.” 中形容词短语的结构及在句中所起的作用。
    _________________________________________________________________________________
    9. 分析句子 “They ran quickly alng the river bank.” 中副词短语的结构及在句中所起的作用。
    _________________________________________________________________________________
    10. 分析句子 “The big huse near the park belngs t my uncle.” 中名词短语的结构及在句中所起的作用。
    _________________________________________________________________________________
    真题感知
    语法填空
    (2023·全国·高考真题)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the mdern. Frm Buddhist temples t museums, narrw hutng 1 ryal palaces, it is hme t mre than 3,000 years f glrius histry even dwn t its layut, with the city keeping its carefully 2 (build) system f ring rads.
    But fr all its ancient buildings, Beijing is als a place 3 welcmes the fast-paced develpment f mdern life, with 21st-century architectural 4 (wnder) standing side by side with histrical buildings f the past.
    It is a distinct visual cntrast (反差) that shuldn’t wrk, 5 smehw these tw very different wrlds make a gd cmbinatin. 6 (visit) several times ver the last 10 years, I 7 (amaze) by the c-existence f ld and new, and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing. As a phtgrapher, I have spent the last tw years 8 (recrd) everything I discvered.
    The 9 (remark) develpment f this city, which is cnsciusly designed t prtect the past while stepping int the mdern wrld, 10 (mean) there is always smething new t discver here, and I culd be phtgraphing Beijing fr the next 50 years.
    提升专练
    一、语法填空:阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    Passage 1
    Every year during the Spring Festival, a small village east f Beijing puts n a special shw. It’s abut-15℃, and a man dressed in a straw hat and sheepskin cat 1 (thrw) spn after spn f heavy mlten irn (铁水) at a massive, icy wall. The cllisin (碰撞) between the 1,600℃ liquid metal and the frzen brick creates a waterfall f sparks (火花) 2 (fall) ver him, equally beautiful and dangerus.
    This is a perfrmance 3 requires extrardinary curage, skill and strength. Knwn as Da Shuhua, it has a histry f 500 years in Nuanquan, a highly-develped steel twn. Da Shuhua translates literally int “beating dwn the tree flwers,” 4 agricultural activity f hitting fruit trees t stimulate grwth.
    In ancient times, firewrks weren’t always 5 (wide) affrdable. S peple in Nuanquan made use f scrap irn and develped Da Shuhua as a way 6 (celebrate) festivals. As a result, they brught firewrk displays 7 a whle new level.
    Tday, Da Shuhua has becme mre ppular than ever, due t bans n firewrks t reduce air 8 (pllute) in sme parts f China. Every year, this unique firewrk display attracts tns f peple despite the freezing cld weather 9 draws attentin fr its prtectin. Since 2021, it 10 (list) as an intangible cultural heritage f China.
    Passage 2
    In Pingle village f Luyang city, Henan Prvince, farmers bring in an incme f ver 100 millin yuan every year by painting penies (牡丹花) in 11 (they) spare time. The farmers’ artwrks describe the graceful nature f peny flwers and sell well bth at hme and abrad.
    In 1983, 12 (knw) as “the city f penies”, Luyang 13 (fficial) held its first peny festival. During the festival, Gu Tai’an, 14 was a villager f Pingle village, painted a peny picture. 15 his surprise, the painting wn wide praise, and sme peple even asked t buy it. Because f the experience, Gu started t teach villagers 16 (paint) peny flwers, and established the first academy (学院) f fine arts in the village. He had seen the 17 (grw) number f painters in his village in the past years.
    In 2011, China Pingle Peny Drawing Culture Creative Industry Park 18 (build) in the village. The park has been cnsidered as a natinal 3A turist attractin. It receives turist grups and 19 (visitr) frm hme and abrad, and sees mre than 300,000 visits a year.
    Nwadays, lcal villagers run mre than 150 nline shps selling paintings n China’s e-cmmerce platfrm (电子商务平台) Taba. They have als established 20 team fr the prmtin f peny paintings thrugh live-streaming.
    二、完形填空:
    I wasn’t prepared fr the way I felt when my 17-year-ld sn, Tm, left fr Asia during his winter break.
    I was 21 the mment he first tld my husband Bruce and me that he wanted t use sme f his 22 t g arund China. We were happy abut his explring the wrld. We tld him that 23 was ne f the best ways t spend his mney and that the memries wuld last a lifetime.
    On the mrning f Tm’s departure (出发), he squeezed a few mre things int his bags. Befre he and Bruce 24 t the airprt, I shuted, “Be safe, and text when yu arrive.”
    That night, 25 he was flying smewhere ver the Pacific Ocean, it hit me that Tm was really n his 26 . I wke hurly, each time 27 the clck and cunting the hurs befre he landed the fllwing mrning. Dubting my decisin t let him g alne, I prayed and thught abut all the things that culd g 28 . Then I heard frm him. The first text said he had arrived. The secnd said ne f his bags didn’t 29 it.
    Feeling 30 , I madly attempted t track dwn the bag. And I persuaded him t g back t the 31 and g t the airline’s ffice. My effrts 32 . All the while Tm was texting me he was all right.
    After that, there was n mre talk abut the lst bag, but I knew he wuld figure it ut, and that the life lessn wuld be 33 .
    Several days int the trip, Tm sent me a pht frm Hng Kng. “I thught I culd 34 study abrad anywhere but Eurpe. Hwever, I culd definitely d it here,” his nte read. And I was 35 .
    21.A.angryB.thankfulC.sadD.surprised
    22.A.experiencesB.savingsC.tlsD.relatins
    23.A.travellingB.learningC.drivingD.training
    24.A.brke dwnB.put frwardC.left utD.pulled away
    25.A.whileB.thughC.unlessD.until
    26.A.maskB.wnC.sideD.mind
    27.A.tuchingB.rckingC.checkingD.repairing
    28.A.wrngB.wildC.greyD.black
    29.A.cntrlB.affrdC.deserveD.make
    30.A.secureB.easyC.anxiusD.cnfident
    31.A.supermarketB.airprtC.hmelandD.car
    32.A.arseB.cntinuedC.failedD.survived
    33.A.wrthlessB.unbearableC.flishD.deep
    34.A.neverB.stillC.justD.already
    35.A.in disbeliefB.at riskC.at peaceD.in advance
    考点聚焦:核心考点+小考考点,有的放矢
    重点速记:知识点和关键点梳理,查漏补缺
    难点强化:难点内容标注与讲解,能力提升
    学以致用:真题感知+提升专练,全面突破

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