①寒假复习-第03讲 限制性定语从句（学生版）2025年高一英语寒假衔接讲练 (人教版)

这是一份①寒假复习-第03讲 限制性定语从句（学生版）2025年高一英语寒假衔接讲练 (人教版)，共7页。试卷主要包含了 关系代词， that和which的区别， 注意事项等内容，欢迎下载使用。

基本概念
定义与作用：限制性定语从句用于对先行词进行限定、修饰，是先行词在意义上不可或缺的部分，通过它能让先行词所指对象更明确、具体；无逗号隔开，若去掉该从句，主句意思会不完整或变得模糊不清。
先行词：是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，它处于主句中，是定语从句所依附的对象，决定了关系词的选用以及从句描述的范围。例如在句子 “The bk that I bught yesterday is very interesting.” 中，“bk” 就是先行词，整个从句 “that I bught yesterday” 围绕它展开，来说明是具体哪一本 “bk”。
关系词：起着连接主句和从句的桥梁作用，一方面指代先行词，另一方面在从句中充当一定的语法成分（如主语、宾语、定语、状语等），使得从句能围绕先行词进行合理、准确的描述。
例句：
The students wh study hard will get gd grades.（“wh study hard” 对先行词 “students” 进行限定，说明是 “努力学习的学生”，若去掉这个从句，就不清楚具体指哪些学生能取得好成绩了。）
The bk that I bught yesterday is very interesting.（“that I bught yesterday” 限定了是 “我昨天买的” 那本书，去掉从句就不知道具体是哪本有趣的书了。）
考点1. 关系代词
wh 作主语（指人）
The man wh is wearing a black hat is my uncle.（那个戴着黑色帽子的男人是我的叔叔。）
Students wh study hard usually get gd grades.（那些学习努力的学生通常成绩很好。）
whm 作宾语（指人）
The by whm we met yesterday is very friendly.（我们昨天遇到的那个男孩很友好。）
The teacher whm I respect a lt has rich teaching experience.（我非常尊敬的那位老师有着丰富的教学经验。）
whse 作定语（指人或物，表示所属关系）
I knw the girl whse mther is a famus singer.（我认识那个女孩，她的妈妈是一位著名的歌手。）
The huse whse rf was damaged in the strm needs t be repaired.（那座屋顶在暴风雨中受损的房子需要修理。）
which 作主语或宾语（指物）
The bk which lies n the table is mine.（放在桌子上的那本书是我的。在从句中作主语）
This is the cmputer which I bught last year.（这就是我去年买的那台电脑。在从句中作宾语）
that 作主语或宾语（指人或物）
The mvie that we watched last night was really exciting.（我们昨晚看的那部电影真的很令人激动。在从句中作宾语）
The persn that helped me is a kind-hearted stranger.（帮助我的那个人是一位好心的陌生人。在从句中作主语）
考点再现
1. The by ______ is standing ver there is my classmate.
2. The bk ______ I bught yesterday is really useful.
3. I have a friend ______ mther is a dctr.
考点2. 关系副词
when 表示时间（相当于 “介词 + which”）
I will never frget the day when I first came t this city.（我永远不会忘记我第一次来到这座城市的那一天。相当于 “n which”）
D yu still remember the year when we graduated frm high schl?（你还记得我们高中毕业的那一年吗？相当于 “in which”）
where 表示地点（相当于 “介词 + which”）
This is the park where we ften take a walk.（这就是我们经常散步的那个公园。相当于 “in which”）
The factry where my father wrks is very big.（我爸爸工作的那家工厂很大。相当于 “at which”）
why 表示原因（相当于 “fr which”）
I dn't knw the reasn why he was late fr schl.（我不知道他上学迟到的原因。相当于 “fr which”）
Can yu tell me the reasn why she didn't cme t the party?（你能告诉我她没来参加聚会的原因吗？相当于 “fr which”）
考点再现
1. I'll never frget the time ______ we spent tgether in the cuntryside.
2. This is the city ______ I was brn.
3. D yu remember the reasn ______ he was late fr the meeting?
考点3. 介词+关系代词
表示方式、工具等（与动词搭配）
The pen with which I write my diary is a gift frm my friend.（我用来写日记的那支笔是我朋友送的礼物。“write with” 是固定搭配）
The knife with which we cut the bread is very sharp.（我们用来切面包的那把刀很锋利。“cut with” 是固定搭配）
表示地点、范围等（与名词搭配）
The rm in which there are many bks is ur study.（里面有很多书的那个房间是我们的书房。“in the rm” 表示地点）
The city in which I live has changed a lt.（我居住的这座城市变化很大。“live in” 是固定搭配）
考点再现
1. The knife with ______ we cut the watermeln is very sharp.
2. The huse ______ which I live is near a park.
3. The teacher ______ whm we gt much help has gne abrad.
考点4. that和which的区别
只用 that 的情况
先行词是不定代词：
Everything that he said is true.（他说的一切都是真的。）
There is nthing that can stp us frm achieving ur dreams.（没有什么能阻止我们实现梦想。）
先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰：
This is the secnd bk that I have read this mnth.（这是我这个月读的第二本书。）
She is the mst beautiful girl that I have ever seen.（她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩。）
先行词被 the nly、the very、the same、the last 等修饰：
This is the nly way that leads t success.（这是通向成功的唯一途径。）
He is the very man that we are lking fr.（他正是我们正在寻找的那个人。）
先行词既有人又有物时：
They talked abut the peple and things that they remembered in their childhd.（他们谈论了他们童年时记得的人和事。）
只用 which 的情况
引导非限制性定语从句（这里对比了解）：
He failed the exam, which made his parents very disappinted.（他考试不及格，这让他的父母非常失望。注意这里是非限制性，有逗号隔开，补充说明主句情况，用 which）
放在介词后面作宾语：
The huse in which I lived fr five years has been pulled dwn.（我住了五年的那所房子已经被拆除了。）
考点再现
1. This is the nly bk ______ can help yu slve this prblem.
2. All ______ I want t say is that yu shuld wrk harder.
3. The huse, ______ was built last year, is very beautiful.
考点5. 注意事项
（一）关系词选择
依据先行词是人还是物以及其在从句中的语法功能来确定合适的关系词：
指人作主语优先考虑 wh/that：例如，Peple wh/that have a gd sense f humr are always ppular.（“Peple” 是先行词，指人且在从句中作主语，所以用 wh 或 that。）
指人作宾语可用 whm/that（作宾语时可省略）：如，The friend (whm/that) I visited last week is mving t anther city.（“friend” 是先行词，在从句中作宾语，所以 whm 和 that 都能用，且此处可省略关系代词。）
指物作主语或宾语常用 which/that：The cmputer which/that I bught last mnth wrks well.（“cmputer” 是先行词，指物，在从句中作宾语时 which 和 that 可选用且可省略；若在从句中作主语，如 The tree which/that stands ver there is very ld. 同样二者可用。）
表所属关系（作定语）选 whse：A student whse grades are excellent ften helps thers with studies.（“student” 是先行词，“whse” 体现所属关系，说明是这个学生的成绩。）
表时间用 when：The mnth when we had a lt f exams was really tugh.（“mnth” 是先行词，用 when 来引导从句说明是有很多考试的那个月。）
表地点用 where：The city where my grandparents live is very beautiful.（“city” 是先行词，where 引导从句指出是我祖父母居住的那个城市。）
表原因用 why（常用于先行词为 reasn 时）：The reasn why she didn't cme t the party is still unknwn.（“reasn” 是先行词，用 why 说明她没来聚会的原因。）
（二）主谓一致
当关系代词在从句中充当主语时，从句的谓语动词要与先行词在人称和数上保持一致：
先行词为复数时谓语用复数形式：The students wh are interested in English ften practice speaking it.（“students” 是复数先行词，所以从句谓语用 are。）
先行词为单数时谓语用单数形式：The girl wh plays the pian well is ging t participate in a cmpetitin.（“girl” 是单数先行词，从句谓语用 plays。）
考点再现
1. The man ______ car brke dwn n the way is very unlucky.
2. I want t find ut the reasn ______ it happened like this.
3. Can yu tell me the man ______ yu talked t just nw?
一、单项选择题（10 小题，每题 2 分，共 20 分）
1. The bk, the cver f ______ is blue, was given t me by my friend.
A. which B. that C. whse D. whm
2. I visited the factry last week ______ my father used t wrk in his twenties.
A. where B. which C. that D. when
3. The man t ______ I spke just nw is an expert in this field.
A. wh B. which C. that D. whm
4. This is the nly ne f the students ______ passed the exam with full marks.
A. wh B. which C. that D. whm
5. I'll never frget the days ______ we spent tgether in the cuntryside, which were full f jy.
A. when B. that C. which D. where
6. We are living in an age ______ many things are dne n the Internet.
A. which B. that C. when D. where
7. The reasn ______ he explained at the meeting fr his absence didn't sund cnvincing.
A. why B. that C. which D. fr which
8. I like the city, ______ the peple are really friendly.
A. which B. where C. that D. whse
9. Thse ______ want t g t the cncert can sign up here.
A. wh B. which C. whm D. whse
10. The huse in ______ there are many beautiful paintings belngs t a famus artist.
二、单句语法填空题（10 小题，每题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
1. The by with ______ I went t schl is nw studying abrad.
2. The bk, the pages f ______ are yellwing, was written by a famus writer.
3. I have a friend ______ hbbies are similar t mine.
4. The place ______ we will visit next week is famus fr its beautiful scenery.
5. This is the best film ______ I have ever seen.
6. The man ______ car was stlen last night is very upset.
7. I still remember the time ______ we had a lt f fun during ur summer vacatin.
8. The pen ______ I write letters with is a gift frm my friend.
9. The peple ______ live in this neighbrhd are frm different places.
10. The stry, ______ was tld by my grandfather, is very interesting.
真题感知
一、语法填空
（2023·全国·高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the mdern. Frm Buddhist temples t museums, narrw hutng 1 ryal palaces, it is hme t mre than 3,000 years f glrius histry even dwn t its layut, with the city keeping its carefully 2 (build) system f ring rads.
But fr all its ancient buildings, Beijing is als a place 3 welcmes the fast-paced develpment f mdern life, with 21st-century architectural 4 (wnder) standing side by side with histrical buildings f the past.
It is a distinct visual cntrast (反差) that shuldn’t wrk, 5 smehw these tw very different wrlds make a gd cmbinatin. 6 (visit) several times ver the last 10 years, I 7 (amaze) by the c-existence f ld and new, and hw a city was able t keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while cnstantly grwing. As a phtgrapher, I have spent the last tw years 8 (recrd) everything I discvered.
The 9 (remark) develpment f this city, which is cnsciusly designed t prtect the past while stepping int the mdern wrld, 10 (mean) there is always smething new t discver here, and I culd be phtgraphing Beijing fr the next 50 years.
二、书面表达
（2023·全国·高考真题）上周末你参加了校学生会组织的“认识我们身边的植物”活动。请为校英文报写篇报道，内容包括：
1. 活动的过程；
2. 收获与感想。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Getting t Knw the Plants Arund Us
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提升专练
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Passage 1
I was pushed int writing the “tp ten prblems the yung face” after I attended a schl prgramme, where I had the pprtunity t interact with many 1 (teenage). Each cnversatin was nly adding ne mre item 2 the list f prblems.
Abut tw 3 (three) f girls in year nine t year twelve “wrry abut their 4 (appear)”. 5 there were n gender (性别) differences in wrries abut schl, girls are 6 (anxiety) abut getting alng with parents and what t d when they are lder.
Girls are prven t wrry mre abut persnal prblems and rmantic relatinship, and are mre 7 (cncern) abut their wn images in peer grup. In fact, the nly thing 8 bys wrry abut mre than girls is succeeding in their physical activities.
9 parents need t d is t lk at ways t help teens and take respnsibility fr what we are expsing ur teens t right nw. We cannt affrd 10 (ignre) the parental duties f bringing them up well frm the time they are yung.
Televisins, cmputers and ther gadgets that they spend mst f the time with cannt give them a bright future.
Passage 2
In ancient China lived an artist 1 paintings were almst lifelike. The artist’s reputatin had made him prud. One day the emperr wanted t get his prtrait (画像) dne s he called all great artists t cme and present their 2 (fine) wrk, s that he culd chse the best. The artist was sure he wuld 3 (chse), but when he presented his masterpiece t the emperr's chief minister, the ld man laughed. The wise ld man tld him t travel t the Li River - perhaps he culd learn a little frm the greatest artist in the wrld.
4 (fill) with curisity, the artist packed his bags and left. 5 he asked the villagers n the banks f the river where he culd find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 6 (pint) dwn the river. The next mrning he hired a bat and set ut 7 (find) the well-knwn painter. As the small bat mved 8 (gentle) alng the river, he was left speechless by the muntains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and muntains in many shades f blue; And when he saw the mists rising frm the river and the sft cluds 9 (surrund) the muntain tps, he was reduced t tears. The artist was finally humbled (谦卑) by the greatest artist 10 earth, Mther Nature.
Passage 3Directins: After reading the passages belw, fill in the blanks t make the passages cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with a given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
There is a pht hanging abve my desk. Whenever I lk at that phtgraph, it takes me back t thse early years 1 every new experience was imprtant fr me.
I can still remember the shuts f the spectatrs as I 2 (g) ut nt the sprts field with my classmates. Tw days 3 (early), I had qualified fr the finals f the 100 metres. Nw 4 (lk) arund, I was determined t win.
While I was walking acrss t the start, I began t feel mre and mre nervus. I lked arund and saw my prud parents waving enthusiastically. My heart was beating fast when I lined up with the ther eager cmpetitrs. I lk sme deep breaths and waited fr the signal. Then the starting signal 5 (give) and I set ff dwn the track.
I ran as fast as I culd, nt lking at anything but the finishing line. By the time I crssed the line, I was s exhausted that I 6 hardly breathe. As sn as I heard the result 7 (annunce), I realized I had wn! Overjyed, I cllapsed n the sft grass with a brad smile n my face.
“Well dne!” said the Headmaster later, as I was 8 (present) with the winner’s certificate. I had never felt s happy and prud in my life.考点聚焦：核心考点+小考考点，有的放矢
重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺
难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升
学以致用：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破