③寒假提升-专题03 阅读七选五（教师版）2025年高一英语寒假衔接讲练 (人教版)

这是一份③寒假提升-专题03 阅读七选五（教师版）2025年高一英语寒假衔接讲练 (人教版)，共22页。试卷主要包含了 C 17， Wash yur hands， Drink water等内容，欢迎下载使用。
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Kids' health：Fur steps fr fighting stress
Everybdy gets stressed frm time t time. ___16___ Sme ways f dealing with stress — like screaming r hitting smene — dn't slve (解决) much. But ther ways, like talking t smene yu trust, can lead yu t slving yur prblem r at least feeling better.
Try taking these fur steps the next time yu are stressed：
(1)Get supprt. When yu need help, reach ut t the peple wh care abut yu. Talk t a trusted adult，such as a parent r ther relatives. ___17___ They might have had similar prblems，such as dealing with a test, r the death f a belved pet.
(2)Dn't take it ut n yurself. Smetimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it ut n themselves. Oh, dear，that's nt a gd idea. Remember that there are always peple t help yu. Dn't take it ut n yurself. ___18___
(3)Try t slve the prblem. After yu're calm and yu have supprt frm adults and friends，it's time t get dwn t business. ___19___ Even if yu can't slve all f it，yu can slve a piece f it.
(4)Be psitive. Mst stress is temprary (暂时的). Remember stress des g away, especially when yu figure ut the prblem and start wrking n slving it.
These steps aren't magic，but they d wrk. And if yu can stay psitive as yu make yur way thrugh a tugh time，yu'll help yurself feel better even faster. ___20___
A. Ask fr a helping hand t get yu thrugh the tugh situatin.
B. Ntice yur friends' feelings and find a way t help them.
C. Different peple feel stress in different ways.
D. Ah, it feels s gd when the stress is gne.
E. Yu need t figure ut what the prblem is.
F. And dn't frget abut yur friends.
G. Then, find a way t calm dwn.
【答案】16. C 17. F 18. A 19. E 20. D
【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇说明文。主要关注孩子健康：如何排解压力
16C根据下文的Sme ways f…和But ther ways…说明人们处理压力有多种方法，故C项符合上下文
17F本段讲述的是向别人寻求支持，除了你的父母和亲戚，也不要忘记你的朋友。故F项符合上下文。
18A根据前一句Dn't take it ut n yurself不要总是独自承担一切，要寻求别人的帮助，故A项符合上下文串联。
19E根据上一句it's time t get dwn t business.说明是时候解决问题了，首先你要知道你要解决的问题是什么。故E项符合上下文。
20D根据上一句And if yu can stay psitive as yu make yur way thrugh a tugh time, yu'll help yurself feel better even faster.说明如果我们能够保持积极向上的态度，就会感觉很好。故D项符合上下文的含义。
二
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It’s strange, but I dn’t really remember much abut the hurricane itself. ____16____ I was sitting in my rm with my cat, Smartie, n my lap, when the rf just flew ff. All f a sudden, there was sky where the rf had been. I was s frightened that I just frze(保住不动).
Mm cried t get ut quickly, but it was already t late by then. The rain was cming dwn s hard and s fast. ____17____ We were ging nwhere.
At first, I was pleased we culd stay at hme, but sn it gt really difficult. ____18____ There was water everywhere, but we culdn’t drink any f it r else we’d get really sick. We just had drinking water that was sent t us by helicpter, but it was never enugh. It was August, s it was really, really ht and it smelled s bad everywhere! I just spent the days watching the bats ging up and dwn the street and lking ut fr Smartie. ____19____
Living in the pen air, we became breakfast, lunch and dinner fr the msquits(蚊子). But Mm said that whatever happens, we shuld always try t see the gd side f things. ____20____ We had lst ur hme and everything in it. All we had left were the clthes n ur backs. But thankfully, Smartie came hme just in time. As Mm kept n reminding(提醒) us, we were all tgether and safe. Mm’s wrds made us feel better and gave us hpe fr the future.
A. It all happened s quickly.
B. We were s happy t take him with us.
C. It was difficult t stay psitive, thugh.
D. Our street turned int a river in secnds.
E. He had disappeared the mment the strm hit.
F. Nw, ne year has passed and I’m back hme.
G. Withut a rf, staying inside was t dangerus.
【答案】16. A 17. D 18. G 19. E 20. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者经历的一场飓风灾难。
16上文“It’s strange, but I dn’t really remember much abut the hurricane itself. (这很奇怪，但我真的不太记得飓风本身。)”说明作者遇到飓风灾难，选项A“一切发生得太快了。”承接上文，表示灾难发生得很快，引出下文“I was sitting in my rm with my cat, Smartie, n my lap, when the rf just flew ff. (我坐在我的房间里，我的猫，Smartie，在我的腿上，当屋顶刚刚飞开。)”具体描述飓风来的非常快。故选A项。
17上文“The rain was cming dwn s hard and s fast. (雨下得又大又快。)”说明雨非常大，选项D“我们的街道在几秒钟内就变成了一条河。”承接上文，下文“We were ging nwhere. (我们哪里也去不了。)”又和选项之间存在因果关系。故选D项。
18上文“At first, I was pleased we culd stay at hme, but sn it gt really difficult. (起初，我很高兴我们可以待在家里，但很快就变得非常困难。)”说明待在家里非常困难，选项G“没有屋顶，待在里面太危险了。”承接上文，说明具体困难，里面的危险，引出下文“There was water everywhere, but we culdn’t drink any f it r else we’d get really sick.(到处都是水，但我们不能喝，否则就会生病。)”说明困难和危险所在。故选G项。
19上文“I just spent the days watching the bats ging up and dwn the street and lking ut fr Smartie. (我只是整天看着船在街上来来往往，寻找Smartie。)”，选项E“暴风雨一来，他就不见了。”和上文存在因果关系，因为猫不见了，所以寻找猫。He指Smartie，故选E项。
20上文“But Mm said that whatever happens, we shuld always try t see the gd side f things. (但是妈妈说不管发生什么事，我们都应该看到事物好的一面。)”说明要看到事物好的一面，选项C“但是很难保持积极。”转折上文语义，表示难以看到好的一面，引出下文“We had lst ur hme and everything in it. (我们失去了我们的家和里面的一切。)”。故选C项。
三
根据下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Yu've prbably nticed that new emji shw up n yur phne every year.____16____This year is n different. If yu have an Andrid device, yu may have used a new emji such as a melting face. Other devices, such as Apple prducts, will have these nw emji sn.
The updates cme frm a Califrnia-based nnprfit called Unicde Cnsrtium. Each year. the emji cmmittee releases (发布) new emji that will update the existing keybard._____17_____“It's imprtant fr peple t understand that we're nt inventing language and that it's really the peple wh create it and are inventive,” says Jennifer Daniel, chair f the cmmittee.
_____18_____He created emji because the mbile phne cmpany where he wrked ffered email cmmunicatins that were limited t 250 characters and emji are nly ne character each but can be used t say mre. Emji have since becme ppular arund the wrld.
Anyne is allwed t make a prpsal fr a new emji. Unicde get prpsals in lts f different languages frm arund the wrld. If the prpsal is strng enugh, Unicde will accept it____19____
The prcess des nt simply invlve cming up with smething that desn't have an emji representing it. An emji idea has t meet certain criteria (标准). These criteria include its uniqueness, whether it can be used with existing emji and whether it can have lts f meanings.____20____Yu can pair it with many ther emji t express hw yu are feeling. Additinally, this emji has adpted many meanings.
A. The keybard has acquired mre than 3.600 emji characters.
B. Emji aren't tied t any language r any regin f the wrld.
C. But it's nt the rganizatin cming up with these new characters.
D. And it can take up t tw years t create and release the new emji.
E. The “tears f jy” emji, fr example, is special and easy t identify.
F. The first emji keybard was created by the designer Shigetake Kurita.
G. Fr example, the ninja emji was intrduced in 2020, r the yawning face in 2019.
【答案】16. G 17. C 18. F 19. D 20. E
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了手机表情符号，以及它被发明创造的过程和起源。
16上文“Yu've prbably nticed that new emji shw up n yur phne every year.”（你可能已经注意到，手机上每年都会出现新的表情符号。）引出话题，提到表情符号。下文“This year is n different.”（今年也不例外。）说明今年也出现了很多表情符号。故可推知空格处内容与此相关，结合选项G项Fr example, the ninja emji was intrduced in 2020, r the yawning face in 2019.（例如，忍者表情符号是在2020年推出的，打哈欠表情符号是在2019年推出的。）为上文内容的具体举例说明，也是引起下文，起到上下文的承上启下作用。故选G项。
17上文“Each year, the emji cmmittee releases new emji that will update the existing keybard.”（表情符号委员会每年都会发布新的表情符号来更新现有的键盘。）提到每年都会发布新的表情符号来更新现有的键盘。下文“It's imprtant fr peple t understand that we're nt inventing language and that it's really the peple wh create it and are inventive,” says Jennifer Daniel, chair f the cmmittee.”（该委员会主席詹妮弗•丹尼尔(Jennifer Daniel)表示：“重要的是，要让人们明白，语言不是我们发明的，真正创造语言的是人们，而且他们很有创造力。”）提到语言不是我们发明的，真正创造语言的是人们。和上文意思形成转折，故可推断空格处内容为和上文内容的语意转折。结合选项C项But it's nt the rganizatin cming up with these new characters.（但并不是这个组织想出了这些新角色。）符合此推断，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。
18根据下文“He created emji because the mbile phne cmpany where he wrked ffered email cmmunicatins that were limited t 250 characters and emji are nly ne character each but can be used t say mre.”（他创造了表情符号，因为他工作的移动电话公司提供的电子邮件通信仅限于250个字符，而表情符号每个只有一个字符，但可以用来表达更多的意思。）可知，讲的是具体某人创造了表情符号。结合选项F项The first emji keybard was created by the designer Shigetake Kurita.（第一个表情键盘是由设计师栗田重武(Shigetake Kurita)发明的。）可知，和下文内容相关，下文中的He指的就是该句中提到的人物Shigetake Kurita。下文是空格处内容的语意递进，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。
19根据上文“Anyne is allwed t make a prpsal fr a new emji.”（任何人都可以为新的表情符号提出建议。）提到新的表情符号。结合选项D项And it can take up t tw years t create and release the new emji.（新表情符号的创建和发布可能需要两年的时间。）也是讲的新表情符号相关的内容，上下文语意连贯。故选D项。
20上文“These criteria include its uniqueness, whether it can be used with existing emji and whether it can have lts f meanings.”（这些标准包括它的独特性，它是否可以与现有的表情符号一起使用，以及它是否有很多含义。）说明这些标准包括它的独特性。下文“Yu can pair it with many ther emji t express hw yu are feeling.”（你可以将它与许多其他表情符号搭配来表达你的感受。）可知，讲的是与许多其他表情符号搭配使用。故可推断空格处内容为具体介绍的例子。结合选项E项The “tears f jy” emji, fr example, is special and easy t identify.（例如，“喜极而泣”的表情符号很特别，也很容易识别。）符合此推断，为具体介绍一个表情符号的特点，起到上下文的承上启下作用。故选E项。
四
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If yu are smene wh struggles with exam anxiety, knw that yu aren't alne.
Sme levels f stress are nrmal, and they d serve a purpse. Stress can imprve yur wrk perfrmance, think mre quickly and mre efficiently. ____26____ These high levels f stress and anxiety have harmful effects n bth yur mental health and yur perfrmance. Frtunately, there are things that yu can d t try and relieve this.
Simply being aware f what is causing yur anxiety can help t lessen the effects. Try t take sme time t reflect n what culd be causing yur anxiety. ____27____ In terms f exam anxiety, it culd be linked t a few different factrs. Fr example, if yu're smene that tends t be a bit f a perfectinist, yu might experience higher levels f exam anxiety. ____28____.
Mst f the time, the key t exam anxiety is making full preparatins. Make an early start n yur revisin. Starting 6 weeks befre the exam is usually recmmended. ____29____ Take enugh time t d yurself justice.
____30____ Studying cnstantly will make yu wrn ut, and yu may even feel burnt ut-lng befre yu even get the chance t sit the exam. Make sure that yu have at least ne day ff frm revisin a week. Take regular breaks fr exercise t help keep yur brain active. And always remember t eat nutritius, high-quality fds and drink enugh water.
Hpefully, yu will be free frm exam anxiety in the future.
A. Als, try nt t neglect yur self-care.
B. In additin, yur mental health matters the mst.
C. It is cmpletely nrmal t experience exam anxiety.
D. Once yu address the causes, it puts yu in a better psitin t treat it.
E. That being said, smetimes stress can turn int anxiety, which is verwhelming.
F. But this can change depending n where yu feel yu are in yur studies and the study level.
G. This ften means yu set yurself up fr failure r disappintment, due t the fear f never feeling "gd enugh".
【答案】26. E 27. D 28. G 29. F 30. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。讲述了我们应对焦虑的一些策略和方法。
26根据前文“Stress can imprve yur wrk perfrmance, think mre quickly and mre efficiently. ”（压力可以提高你的工作表现，思考更快更有效率。）提到了压力在生活中带给我们的好处。下文“These high levels f stress and anxiety have harmful effects n bth yur mental health and yur perfrmance. ”（这些高水平的压力和焦虑对你的心理健康和表现都有害。）讲到了压力和焦虑过大会对健康带来害处。所以空白处应为承上启下的作用。与前文表示转折，开启下文的话题，即压力有时还是会对健康带来害处的。选项E.“That being said, smetimes stress can turn int anxiety, which is verwhelming.”（话虽如此，有时候压力会转化为焦虑，这是不可抗拒的。）与文意相符，故选E。
27根据前文“Simply being aware f what is causing yur anxiety can help t lessen the effects. Try t take sme time t reflect n what culd be causing yur anxiety.”（只要知道是什么引起你的焦虑，可以帮助减轻影响。花点时间想想是什么导致了你的焦虑。）说明了找到引起焦虑的原因可以帮助减轻其带来的影响。所以下文应该陈述一旦找到焦虑的原因后，会带来什么结果。选项D.“Once yu address the causes, it puts yu in a better psitin t treat it.”（一旦你解决了病因，你就能更好地治疗它。）与前文逻辑一致，符合题意，故选D。
28根据前文“Fr example, if yu're smene that tends t be a bit f a perfectinist, yu might experience higher levels f exam anxiety.”（例如，如果你是一个有点完美主义的人，你可能会经历更高程度的考试焦虑。）列举了会带来更大焦虑的一个情景，因而下文应该承接前文讲述这种焦虑对你而言的意义。选项G.“This ften means yu set yurself up fr failure r disappintment, due t the fear f never feeling ‘gd enugh’.”（这通常意味着你将自己置于失败或失望之中，因为你害怕自己永远不会觉得“足够好”。）符号逻辑，故选G。
29根据前文“Mst f the time, the key t reducing exam anxiety is making full preparatins. Make an early start n yur revisin. Starting 6 weeks befre the exam is usually recmmended. ”（大多数时候，减少考试焦虑的关键是做好充分的准备。早点开始复习。通常建议在考试前6周开始。）提到了减少焦虑的关键是做好充分的准备，同时列举了两个具体的方法。下文“Take enugh time t d yurself justice.”（给自己足够的时间来审视自己。）说明我们要根据自己的实际情形来安排。所以空白处应该讲述充分准备也是分情况而定的。选项F.“But this can change depending n where yu feel yu are in yur studies and the study level.”（但这可能会因为你在学习中的感觉和学习水平而改变。）与文意相符，故选F。
30根据下文“Studying cnstantly will make yu wrn ut, and yu may even feel burnt ut lng befre yu even get the chance t sit the exam. Make sure that yu have at least ne day ff frm revisin a week.”（不停地学习会让你筋疲力尽，甚至在你有机会参加考试之前，你就会感到筋疲力尽。确保每周至少有一天不用复习。）提到我们在学习疲惫的同时也要注意休息，即要劳逸结合。所以空白处应总说我们也不能忽略照顾自己的健康。选项A.“Als, try nt t neglect yur self-care.”（而且，不要忽视你的自我照顾。）符合题意，故选A。
五
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
D yu ever find yurself studying really hard fr a test but finally nt ding s well? Yu spent hurs reviewing yur ntes, nly t find yur hard wrk desn’t make yu receive a grade yu want. It’s nt that yu’re nt smart. ____16____. If yu want t study in an effective way, belw are studying methds that may be suitable fr yu.
Try explaining the cncepts(概念) that yu’re studying t family members r friends. ____17____
Study with friends. If yu’re able t stay fcused, studying with a grup might be mre fun than studying alne. ____18____. It is pssible that there’s smething yu miss r misunderstand, s hearing thers’ pinins is very imprtant. Pick pssible test tpics and hld discussins t gain understanding f these tpics in different ways.
Use flashcards. Flashcards are a great way t memrize imprtant infrmatin! T make it mre fun, write yur flashcards using clrful pens and mark imprtant parts.
____19____. I persnally use learning apps(应用软件), where I can find very useful resurces(资料) fr freign language studies. I’ve als used websites in the past. A lt f sites ffer expensive versins, s be aware f which features are free.
Try using sme f these methds when yu study fr yur next test, and see whether yu’ve imprved. Studying can be bring. ____20____. Dn’t lse mtivatin(积极性), and yu’ll succeed!
A. Use nline resurces
B. Start studying in a mre interesting way
C. It’s just that the way yu study is wrng
D. This stps us frm dealing with infrmatin
E. It’s f great help t hear ther peple’s thughts
F. Finding ways t make it mre fun can really imprve yur grade
G. Crrectly explaining the cncepts t thers means yu understand them
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. E 19. A 20. F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些学习方法以帮助读者更加有效地学习，从而得到自己想要的分数。
16根据空前“It’s nt that yu’re nt smart.(并不是说你不聪明)”以及下文“If yu want t study in an effective way, belw are studying methds that may be suitable fr yu. (如果你想以一种有效的方式学习，下面是一些适合你的学习方法)”可知，空处应该是解释你未能得到理想分数的原因。选项C“It’s just that the way yu study is wrng (只是你的学习方法不对)”承上启下，与上下文内容一致。故选C。
17根据上文“Try explaining the cncepts(概念) that yu’re studying t family members r friends.(试着向家人或朋友解释你正在学习的概念)”可知，作者建议读者向家人或朋友解释自己正在学习的概念。选项G“Crrectly explaining the cncepts t thers means yu understand them (正确地向别人解释这些概念意味着你理解了它们)”解释了这样做带来的好处，与上文内容一致。故选G。
18根据空后“It is pssible that there’s smething yu miss r misunderstand, s hearing thers’ pinins is very imprtant.(你可能会错过或误解一些东西，所以听取别人的意见是非常重要的)”可知，作者告诉读者听取别人的意见很重要。选项E“It’s f great help t hear ther peple’s thughts (倾听别人的想法很有帮助)”与下文内容一致。故选E。
19空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文“I persnally use learning apps(应用软件), where I can find very useful resurces(资料) fr freign language studies. I’ve als used websites in the past. A lt f sites ffer expensive versins, s be aware f which features are free. (我个人使用学习应用程序，在那里我可以找到非常有用的外语学习资料。我以前也用过网站。很多网站提供昂贵的版本，所以要知道哪些功能是免费的)”可知，在本段中，作者建议读者利用在线资源。选项A“Use nline resurces(利用在线资源)”与下文内容一致。故选A。
20根据上文“Try using sme f these methds when yu study fr yur next test, and see whether yu’ve imprved. Studying can be bring.(当你准备下次考试的时候，试着使用其中的一些方法，看看你是否有进步。学习可能很无聊)”可知，作者这是在勉励读者，希望读者能够尝试这些方法。选项F“Finding ways t make it mre fun can really imprve yur grade (想办法让学习变得更有趣真的可以提高你的成绩)”与上文内容一致。故选F。
六
阅读七选五
A letter t my children n their first day f schl
Dear Olivia and Evan,
As I pened my eyes this mrning, the realizatin that yu will be starting a new schl year at a new schl tday cntrlled my mind fr a mment. As we went abut ur mrning rutine (例行事务), I thught f s many things I wanted t say t yu.
As I quietly entered yur rm and sftly kissed yu awake—I wanted t tell yu that I knw what it’s like t be the new kid. I understand wrrying abut finding yur way bth physically and scially. Yu’ll spend a lifetime finding yur way. ___16___
As I std at the bathrm dr while yu brushed yur teeth—I wanted t tell yu t try nt t lk s nervus. ___17___ It is said a picture is wrth a thusand wrds. I believe a smile is wrth at least that much.
___18___—I wanted t tell yu if at any mment tday yu find yurself in an uncmfrtable situatin, just breathe. Yu’ll be surprised hw a cuple f deep breaths can help yu see things in a whle new light.
As we gt in the car—I wanted t tell yu nt everyne will have things in cmmn with yu. ___19___ They may pleasantly surprise yu.
As I drve the few blcks t schl—I wanted t tell yu t listen when the teacher speaks, when smene new talks abut themselves, etc. ___20___
As yu gt ut f the car I gave yu each a kiss and a hug and said — “Just be yurself, and remember hw much I lve yu. I’ll be waiting t hear all abut yur experiences this afternn.”
I realized that’s really all yu needed t hear.
Lve
Mm
A. Never give up.
B. As yu went t bed
C. As yu ate yur breakfast
D. Accept the differences happily.
E. It’s gd t take ntes while listening in class.
F. Listening is ne f thse skills that will cme in handy later in life.
G. The simple act f smiling can be the beginning f a beautiful friendship.
【答案】16. A 17. G 18. C 19. D 20. F
【解析】本文是一篇书信。在信中，作者对两个孩子Olivia和Evan讲了新的学校，新的学期开学第一天应该注意的六点。
16上文I understand wrrying abut finding yur way bth physically and scially. Yu’ll spend a lifetime finding yur way.提到作者理解孩子们对寻找自己的路很担忧，并鼓励孩子们用一生的时间寻找适合自己的路。因此推断作者应该激励孩子不要放弃，始终坚持寻找适合自己的路。A项Never give up.（永远不要放弃）符合。故选A。
17下文I believe a smile is wrth at least that much.（我相信微笑比得上千言万语）提到了微笑的重要性。选项中只有G项The simple act f smiling can be the beginning f a beautiful friendship.（微笑这一简单的举动可能是一段美好友谊的开始）符合。故选G。
18本文是以时间为顺序组织的，上文两段开头分别是As I quietly entered yur rm and sftly kissed yu awake（当我叫醒你们的时候）、As I std at the bathrm dr while yu brushed yur teeth（当你们起床后刷牙的时候），接下来应该是吃早餐。因此 C. As yu ate yur breakfast（当你们吃早餐的时候）符合语境。故选C。
19上文I wanted t tell yu nt everyne will have things in cmmn with yu.提到了我想告诉你们并不是所有人都一样，由此可知接下来应该是强调我们中存在的“不同”，并鼓励孩子接受这些“不同”，因为，这些“不同”会给你惊喜。故选D。
20上文I wanted t tell yu t listen when the teacher speaks, when smene new talks abut themselves, etc.提到作者告诉孩子老师讲话时，新认识的人讲关于自己的事的时候都要认真听，所以本段主要是强调“听”的重要性。F. Listening is ne f thse skills that will cme in handy later in life.“听”是今后人生中派的上用处的技能之一。故选F。
七
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I grew up in the cuntryside f Pland. It’s an area where skiing is ppular, but my family was pr. I culdn’t affrd t ride the ski lift, s I used t hike up with the skis n my back. ____16____
K2(乔戈里峰)is called “death muntain”. Yu may hear sad stries: Fr every fur peple wh reach the tp, ne dies. I was t afraid t even think abut skiing dwn it. ____17____
But that changed after a training explratin t Brad Peak. I gt a clear lk at K2’s massive face, and it inspired me. Over time, my skills imprved and, by 2017, I didn’t feel the fear anymre. I began preparatins.
____18____ I lve nature, and I lve setting gals. T be the first t d it just adds t the challenge. Fear is an imprtant part f life, but t ski dwn K2, I had t stp being afraid. At the base camp, I felt cam and prepared. There were dubts-I just knew I culd d it. But there were challenges. At the third base camp, 7, 000 meters up, my safety guide suffered serius back pain. We waited fr 36 hurs befre he gt better, and we decided t cntinue. In ttal, it tk abut 3 days t reach the tp.
Fr many climbers, getting t the tp f K2 wuld be the defining mment f their lives. ____19____ Skiing dwn a muntain demands patience and endurance(耐力).
The mst dangerus part was the Messner Traverse. It’s pure ice, up t a 75-degree angle in places, with drps n either side. Yu need t keep yur tums and mvements smth with cnfidence. N ne had attempted it befre, s it was a relief(宽慰)t crss it. ____20____ When I eventually skied int camp, I simply lay in the snw, emtinally and physically tired ut.
I’m s prud f what I achieved. N ne thught it culd be dne. It taught me the value f patience and that nbdy else can make yur dreams cme true.
A. Have yu ever tried extreme sprts?
B. It turned ut that this was gd practice.
C. But fr me, it was where the real challenge began.
D. Even the best ski muntaineer thught it impssible.
E. In ttal, ging dwn the muntain tk abut 7 hurs.
F. Why attempt such an impressive and difficult achievement?
G. If yu vercme fears and difficulties, yu will surely make it t the tp.
【答案】16. B 17. D 18. F 19. C 20. E
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者自己从乔戈里峰滑雪的经历。
16根据前文“I culdn’t affrd t ride the ski lift, s I used t hike up with the skis n my back (我负担不起乘坐滑雪缆车的费用，所以我曾经背着滑雪板徒步上去)”可知，作者曾徒步去滑雪，与B项“It turned ut that this was gd practice.(事实证明，这是很好的做法。)”中的“this was gd practice”相呼应，与上下文一致，故选B项。
17根据前文“Fr every fur peple wh reach the tp, ne dies. I was t afraid t even think abut skiing dwn it. (每四个人登顶，就有一人死亡。我太害怕了，甚至没有想到要滑雪下来。)”可知从山顶滑下来是难以完成的，作者自己也很害怕，也没想过要滑下来，与D项“Even the best ski muntaineer thught it impssible. (即使是最好的滑雪登山者也认为这是不可能的。)”上下文一致，故选D项。
18根据空后“I lve nature, and I lve setting gals. (我热爱大自然，也喜欢设定目标。)”可知，这是作者为什么要去爬K2的原因，不是为了创纪录，而是为了感受自然和挑战，与F项“Why attempt such an impressive and difficult achievement? (为什么要尝试如此令人印象深刻和困难的成就？)”上下文一致，F项为设问，下文为回答，故选F项。
19前文“Fr many climbers, getting t the tp f K2 wuld be the defining mment f their lives. (对于许多登山者来说，登上K2的顶峰将是他们生命中的决定性时刻。)”中的Fr many climbers与C项“But fr me, it was where the real challenge began.(但对我来说，这是真正的挑战开始的地方。)”中But fr me为前后对比关系，符合文意，与上下文一致，故选C项。
20根据上文“The mst dangerus part was the Messner Traverse. It’s pure ice, up t a 75-degree angle in places, with drps n either side. Yu need t keep yur tums and mvements smth with cnfidence. N ne had attempted it befre, s it was a relief(宽慰)t crss it. (最危险的部分是梅斯纳横线。它是纯冰，有些地方高达75度角，两侧都有水滴。您需要自信地保持肚子和动作平稳。以前没有人尝试过，所以穿越它是一种宽慰。)”可知本段主要讲述了攀爬K2过程中遇到的挑战，E项“In ttal, ging dwn the muntain tk abut 7 hurs. (下山总共需要大约7个小时。)”与下文“当我最终滑入营地时，我只是躺在雪地里，身心疲惫。”一致，且承接上文说明作者经历了挑战花费了很长时间成功从山顶滑下，故选E项。
八
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Being sick at cllege is n fun at all. It means missing classes and scial events and then catching up n wrk. Maintaining physical health as well as mental health is as likely t determine students’ happiness and success as anything else. ____36____
1. Wash yur hands. It is the easiest way t prevent catching clds frm rmmates and friends. ____37____
2. Drink water. Cffee may wake yu up, but water will keep yu ging. Replace at least a cup f cffee with ne glass f water each day. Or, better yet, drink a cup f water fr every cup f cffee yu cnsume daily. Yu will feel better. ____38____
3. Smetimes students’ schedules prevent them frm having “nrmal” meals at “nrmal” times. ____39____
4. Track yur sleep. Staying up late and then getting up early fr class the next day wrks fr abut ne night. The quickest way t run dwn yur bdy is t nt prvide sufficient nurishment thrugh fd, water and sleep.
5. ____40____ Every cllege ffers academic supprt as well as mental health services. Thankfully, much f the shame f seeing an adviser has decreased, and students are mre willing t get help sner. Unfrtunately, many students wait until they are very unhappy, and then the rad t recvery is lnger.
A. Examine yur physical health regularly.
B. Here are a few tips n hw yu can stay healthy at cllege.
C. Just carry a water bttle in yur backpack and fill it up regularly.
D. Yu must be careful abut yur health at cllege.
E. Check ut student services.
F. It makes sense t wash befre eating and t carry a small cntainer f hand cleanser.
G. Carry sme healthy snacks that will satisfy yu until yur next meal.
【答案】36. B 37. F 38. C 39. G 40. E
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些关于如何在大学里保持健康的建议。
36本句为第一段最后一句，有启示下文的作用，结合后文主要说明了一些如何在大学保持健康的建议。故B选项“以下是一些关于如何在大学里保持健康的建议”符合上下文语境，故选B。
37根据上文Wash yur hands. It is the easiest way t prevent catching clds frm rmmates and friends.可知洗你的手。这是防止室友和朋友感染感冒的最简单方法。由此可知，本段是在说明饭前洗手的建议。故F选项“饭前洗个手，带一小盒洗手液是有道理的”符合上下文语境，故选F。
38根据上文Or, better yet, drink a cup f water fr every cup f cffee yu cnsume daily. Yu will feel better.可知或者，更好的方法是，每天喝一杯咖啡就喝一杯水。你会感觉更好。由此可知，本段是在说明喝水的重要性，本句为本段最后一句，有承接上文的作用，为说明随时能喝到水的方法是“在背包里放一个水瓶”。故C选项“只需在你的背包里放一个水瓶，定期把它装满就行了”符合上下文语境，故选C。
39根据上文Smetimes students’ schedules prevent them frm having “nrmal” meals at “nrmal” times.可知有时，学生的日程安排使他们无法在“正常”时间享用“正常”饭菜。由此可知，本句是在说明如何在不能正常吃饭的情况下进行正常的饮食。故G选项“带上一些健康的零食，直到你下顿饭吃为止”符合上下文语境，故选G。
40根据后文Every cllege ffers academic supprt as well as mental health services.可知每所大学都提供学术支持和心理健康服务。由此可知本段是在说明去看学校提供的学生心理服务。后文中services可对应E选项中student services。故E选项“查看学生服务”符合上下文语境，故选E。
九
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Nbdy likes the pssibility f a crisis ccurring, but disaster preparatin is a necessity.
Earthquakes, hurricanes, trnades, fires, and ther disasters can ccur with little r n warning. A disaster can cause even the calmest peple t panic. _____36_____
Create a disaster kit
This kit shuld cntain the basic necessities that yu wuld need in the event f a dangerus situatin. _____37_____. Basic first aid supplies, a change f clthes fr each persn in yur husehld, and cpies f imprtant identificatin dcuments shuld als be included in yur kit.
_____38_____
This type f disaster preparatin is the best way t make sure everyne in yur hme understands disaster preparedness. It may frighten small children, hwever, s dn’t g int any mre detail than necessary. Yung children need t understand escape rutes frm yur hme. Older children can be shwn the lcatin f the disaster kit, taught t shut ff gas and electricity, and instructed n hw t perate a fire extinguisher (灭火器).
Plan ahead
When cnducting a disaster drill (演习), keep in mind that members f yur family may nt all be tgether when a disaster ccurs. ____39____, s it’s smart t have a disaster preparatin plan fr hw yu will recnnect with lved nes. Yu can agree t meet in a safe place in yur neighbrhd, such as a church, schl, r shpping mall.
Learn first aid
_____40_____. In the United States, yu can cntact the lcal American Red Crss chapter t register fr a class that will prvide the training yu need in these areas. There are als varius websites ffering nline lessns.
A. Wrk tgether as a team
B. Schedule regular disaster drills
C. Phne services may nt be available
D. This includes fds and drinking water fr three days
E. S take the time t learn abut preparing fr emergency
F. It may take sme time fr emergency wrkers t reach yu
G. This is a great way t make yur disaster preparatin cmplete
【答案】36. E 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. G
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是没有人喜欢发生危机的可能性，但灾难准备是必要的。文章从几个方面介绍了如何为灾难做准备。
36根据前文“A disaster can cause even the calmest peple t panic.(灾难甚至会使最冷静的人感到恐慌。)”可知，此处强调即使最冷静的人对灾难也会感到恐慌，因此后文应该强调对灾难做好准备。E选项“S take the time t learn abut preparing fr emergency.(所以花点时间学习应急准备。)”承上启下，与上文构成因果关系，同时引出下文对灾难如何做好准备，符合文意。故选E。
37根据前文的“This kit shuld cntain the basic necessities that yu wuld need in the event f a dangerus situatin. (这个包应该包含你在危险情况下需要的基本必需品。)”可知，此处强调的是在突发灾难前应该准备好基本的生活必需品。后文应该对此进行解释。D选项“This includes fds and drinking water fr three days.(这包括三天的食物和饮用水。)”承接前文，说明这些生活必需品具体包含什么，符合语境。故选D。
38本空为小标题段落。根据后文的“This type f disaster preparatin is the best way t make sure everyne in yur hme understands disaster preparedness. It may frighten small children, hwever, s dn’t g int any mre detail than necessary. Yung children need t understand escape rutes frm yur hme. Older children can be shwn the lcatin f the disaster kit, taught t shut ff gas and electricity, and instructed n hw t perate a fire extinguisher (灭火器).(这种类型的灾难准备是确保家里每个人都了解灾难准备的最佳方式。然而，这可能会吓到小孩子，所以除非必要，不要讲得太详细。年幼的孩子需要了解从家里逃生的路线。大一点的孩子可以看到救灾包的位置，教他们关闭煤气和电力，并指导他们如何操作灭火器。)”可知，本段讲要让孩子们知道些防灾常识，要进行演练。B选项“Schedule regular disaster drills.(安排定期的灾难演练。)”概括本段内容，符合文意。故选B。
39根据后文的“s it’s smart t have a disaster preparatin plan fr hw yu will recnnect with lved nes.(因此，为如何与所爱的人重新联系做好灾难准备是明智的。)”可知，此处强调应该提前与所爱的人做好灾难中重新联系的准备是明智的，设空处应该指出这样做的原因。C选项“Phne services may nt be available.(电话服务可能无法使用。)”指出原因，引起下文。故选C。
40根据本段标题“Learn first aid(学习急救)”可知，后文应该强调学习急救的重要性。G选项“This is a great way t make yur disaster preparatin cmplete.(这是完成灾难准备的好方法。)”中的“this”指代前文的“学习急救”，指出学习急救是完成灾难准备的好方法。故选G。
十
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Cycling is becming increasingly fashinable in China as peple begin t pay mre attentin t the need fr envirnmental prtectin and lw-carbn transprtatin. ____16____ Many citizens regard cycling as an effective way f making shrt-and mid-length trips.
In Beijing, a bicycle highway cnnecting Changping District with Haidian District is making cycling much mre cnvenient fr lcal peple. The 6.5-kilmeter bicycle path was fficially pened n May 31, 2019. A lt f peple live alng the highway. ____17____ It is ften seen that peple nearby cycle happily.
____18____ Cmpared with traditinal bike lanes, the bicycle highway is free frm the crwds bth in a subway and grund traffic during the busiest hurs. Cyclists dn’t have t wrry abut the speeding cars. Cyclists can als mve faster alng the path as it des nt have traffic lights. ____19____
The bike path has als becme a “must-see” attractin. It gains huge ppularity amng cycling clubs, citizens and turists visiting Beijing. ____20____ Even the COVID-19 was unable t stp peple’s enthusiasm. This bicycle path is als very helpful in explring ways t develp biking transprtatin, and will guide similar planning and building in the future.
A. The bike path is faster and safer.
B. Cycling is much mre like turing.
C. It has been visited by ver 1 millin peple.
D. It is especially welcmed by peple in the city.
E. Mre bike- nly rads will be built in China sn.
F. They can ride freely n the pen and wide bike path.
G. It saves a lt f time n their way t and frm the wrk.
【答案】16. D 17. F 18. A 19. G 20. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是一条连接昌平区和海淀区的自行车高速公路。
16空后说“Many citizens regard cycling as an effective way f making shrt-and mid-length trips.(许多市民认为骑自行车是一种进行中短途旅行的有效方式)”，因此骑自行车很受人欢迎，D选项“It is especially welcmed by peple in the city.(它尤其受到城里人们的欢迎)”说明了骑自行车很受人欢迎，能够承上启下，符合语境，故选D。
17空前说“The 6.5-kilmeter bicycle path was fficially pened n May 31, 2019. A lt f peple live alng the highway.(这条6.5公里长的自行车道于2019年5月31日正式开通。许多人住在高速公路旁)”，空后说“It is ften seen that peple nearby cycle happily.(经常可以看到附近的人骑得很开心)”，空格处应该说人们可以在这条自行车道上骑行，F选项“They can ride freely n the pen and wide bike path.(他们可以在开阔的自行车道上自由骑行。)”中的“They”指代前面的“A lt f peple”，说明了这些人可以在这条自行车道上骑行，因此F选项能够承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
18空后说“Cmpared with traditinal bike lanes, the bicycle highway is free frm the crwds bth in a subway and grund traffic during the busiest hurs. Cyclists dn’t have t wrry abut the speeding cars. Cyclists can als mve faster alng the path as it des nt have traffic lights.(与传统的自行车道相比，这条自行车道在最繁忙的时候不受地铁和地面交通的影响。骑自行车的人不必担心超速行驶的汽车。骑自行车的人也可以沿着这条路走得更快，因为它没有红绿灯)”，说明这条自行车道更快更安全，A选项“The bike path is faster and safer.(自行车道更快更安全)”说明了这条自行车道更快更安全，能够引起下文，符合语境，故选A。
19空前说“Cyclists can als mve faster alng the path as it des nt have traffic lights.(骑自行车的人也可以沿着这条路走得更快，因为它没有红绿灯)”，空格处应该说可以让人骑得很快所带来的好处，G选项“It saves a lt f time n their way t and frm the wrk.(这节省了他们上下班路上的很多时间)”说明了人在自行车道上骑得很快可以节省他们上下班路上的很多时间，能够承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
20空前说“The bike path has als becme a “must-see” attractin. It gains huge ppularity amng cycling clubs, citizens and turists visiting Beijing.(自行车道也成为“必看”景点。它在自行车俱乐部、市民和来北京的游客中广受欢迎)”，空格处应该具体说明这条自行车道是如何受欢迎，C选项“It has been visited by ver 1 millin peple.(已经有超过100万人参观了它)”具体说明了这条车道受人欢迎的程度，能够承接上文，符合语境，故选C。
十一
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
As a speaker f 10 languages I knw the benefits f speaking mre than ne language. Actually it is nt a big challenge t learn languages. We nly have t change the way we learn them. ___16___
Language learning is hard.
It is nly difficult t learn a language if yu dn’t want t. ___17___ What yu mstly need t d is spend sme time listening and reading. Believe me, it is that simple. I have dne it many times. Sn yu feel the satisfactin f understanding anther language. Befre yu knw it yu start speaking.
___18___
N, yu dn’t. Anyne wh wants t, can learn. In Sweden and Hlland mst peple speak mre than ne language. They can’t just all be gifted at languages. Freign athletes in Nrth America usually learn t speak English faster than peple in mre frmal learning envirnments. In language learning it is attitude that determines success.
Yu have t live where the language is spken.
Sme immigrants (移民) t Nrth America never learn t speak mre than brken English. Yet we meet peple in ther cuntries wh speak perfect English. In 1968, I learned t speak Mandarin fluently while living in Hng Kng, where few peple spke it. ___19___ Yu can dwnlad it t yur iPd and listen. Where yu live is nt a prblem.
I wuld lve t learn but I dn’t have the time.
Hw abut the time yu spend waiting in line, ding things arund the huse, ging fr a walk? ___20___ Once yu get started, even 10 r 15 minutes a day will sn grw t 30 minutes a day, r ne hur. If yu believe yu will achieve great results, and if yu enjy ding it, as I d, yu will find the time.
I believe if yu can avid these traps, we will surely becme masters f language learning.
A. The fllwing are sme tips fr yu t fllw.
B. Yu have t have a gift fr learning languages.
C. Learning a language takes time, but is nt difficult
D. We need t avid sme cmmn misunderstandings
E. Languages can nly be learned instead f being taught.
F. Why nt use that time t listen t a language n yur iPd?
G. With the Internet, language cntent is available t anyne with a cmputer.
【答案】16. D 17. C 18. B 19. G 20. F
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了对语言学习的4种误解。
16根据下文各段小标题“Language learning is hard.”（学习语言很难。），“Yu have t live where the language is spken.”（你必须要到说英语的地方生活。）和“I wuld lve t learn but I dn’t have the time.”（我想学，但是我没有时间。）可知，接下来要介绍的是对语言学习的一些误解。D选项“我们需要避免一些常见的误解。”承上启下，引出下文内容。故选D。
17根据上文“It is nly difficult t learn a language if yu dn’t want t.”（如果你不想学，那么学习语言就是很难的。）可知，作者想说的是学习语言实际上不难。C选项“学习语言需要花时间，但是不难。”和上文意思一致。故选C。
18根据下文“Anyne wh wants t, can learn. In Sweden and Hlland mst peple speak mre than ne language. They can’t just all be gifted at languages.”（任何想学的人都可以学习。在瑞典和荷兰，大多数人会说不止一种语言。他们不可能都有语言天赋。）可知，这一段作者是解释学习语言和天赋的关系，语言学习与天赋无关。B选项“你必须是在学习语言上很有天赋”是对语言学习的一种误解。故选B。
19根据下文“Yu can dwnlad it t yur iPd and listen.”（你可以把它下载到你的播放器上去听。）可知，这里提到代词it，所以上文要说明it是指什么。G选项“有了网络，电脑里的语言内容对任何人都是可以用的。”提到了it的指代对象“语言内容”，和下文意思一致。故选G。
20根据上文“Hw abut the time yu spend waiting in line, ding things arund the huse, ging fr a walk?”（你等车的时间，在房子里做事的时候，散步的时候怎么样？）可知，作者是在指出这些时间是可以用来学习语言的。F选项“为什么不用这个时间用你的播放器来听语言呢？”和上文意思一致。故选F。
十二
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If yu miss ne f the ld friends yu’ve lst tuch with and think abut reaching ut t them, yu may wrry abut whether it’ll be just like ld times, r uncmfrtable and awkward. Here are sme ways t help yu avid any awkwardness while recnnecting with an ld friend.
Reach ut thrugh scial media. Cnnect with them thrugh scial media, text message r ther means if yu’re t nervus t make a phne call r t begin a meet up. Fllw up n ne f their mst recent psts. ____16____
Shw sme lve. If yu’re really happy t cnnect with yur ld friend, make it a pint t cmmunicate that t them. ____17____ Sincere warmth can help lessen sme f the awkwardness that may build up in a relatinship.
____18____ Start cnversatin by bringing up a fun time yu shared. It will transprt yu bth back t that mment when yu were clse and help smth ver the “What are yu up t nw?” cnversatins that sund t rigid (死板).
Display yur interest. As yu chat with yur friend, try t pay attentin and ask fllw-up questins. ____19____ Empathizing (共鸣) with them can help yu cnnect with them and get t knw wh they are tday.
Mve past cnflicts. Dn’t talk a lt abut yur cnflicts r the reasns why yur friendship became less clse. If it happens t cme up naturally dwn the line, then feel free t address any pssible hurt feelings. ____20____ In the beginning, just fcus n what yu had in cmmn and the gd times yu shared tgether.
A. Bring back a happy memry.
B. Make detailed plans fr the future.
C. But better avid taking the risk t sn.
D. Update yur friend n everything ging n in yur life.
E. This shws yu’re interested in what they’re sharing with yu.
F. Be warm with them and let them knw hw much it means t yu.
G. Then starting cnversatin abut what they’re up t will be a natural thing.
【答案】16. G 17. F 18. A 19. E 20. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了可以帮助你在与老朋友重新联系时避免尴尬的一些方法。
16根据上文“Reach ut thrugh scial media. Cnnect with them thrugh scial media, text message r ther means if yu’re t nervus t make a phne call r t begin a meet up. Fllw up n ne f their mst recent psts. (通过社交媒体联系。如果你太紧张而不敢打电话或开始见面，可以通过社交媒体、短信或其他方式与他们联系。跟进他们最近的一个帖子)”可知，本句承接上文说明跟进帖子之后的做法：开始谈论他们在做什么将是一件很自然的事情。故G选项“然后开始谈论他们在做什么将是一件很自然的事情”符合语境，故选G。
17根据上文“Shw sme lve. If yu’re really happy t cnnect with yur ld friend, make it a pint t cmmunicate that t them. (表达一些爱。如果你真的很高兴和你的老朋友联系，那就把这一点告诉他们)”以及后文“Sincere warmth can help lessen sme f the awkwardness that may build up in a relatinship. (真诚的温暖可以帮助减少一些可能在关系中建立起来的尴尬)”可知，后文提到了真诚的温柔，说明要温柔对待老朋友。故F选项“温暖地对待他们，让他们知道这对你有多重要”符合语境，故选F。
18根据后文“Start cnversatin by bringing up a fun time yu shared. It will transprt yu bth back t that mment when yu were clse and help smth ver the “What are yu up t nw?” cnversatins that sund t rigid (死板). (用你们一起度过的一段有趣的时光来开始谈话。它会把你们两个都带回到你们亲密的那一刻，并帮助平息“你现在在做什么？”听起来太死板的对话)”可知，后文提到了带回到亲密的那一刻，说明要用对话回忆美好的记忆，故A选项“唤起快乐的回忆”符合语境，故选A。
19根据上文“Display yur interest. As yu chat with yur friend, try t pay attentin and ask fllw-up questins. (表现出你的兴趣。当你和你的朋友聊天时，试着集中注意力并问一些后续问题)”可知，本句继续说明这些问题的作用：表明你对他们和你分享的东西很感兴趣。故E选项“这表明你对他们和你分享的东西很感兴趣”符合语境，故选E。
20根据上文“Mve past cnflicts. Dn’t talk a lt abut yur cnflicts r the reasns why yur friendship became less clse. If it happens t cme up naturally dwn the line, then feel free t address any pssible hurt feelings. (放下过去的冲突。不要过多地谈论你们之间的矛盾或你们的友谊变得不那么亲密的原因。如果这是自然而然地发生的，那么就随意地说出任何可能的伤害感)”以及后文“In the beginning, just fcus n what yu had in cmmn and the gd times yu shared tgether.(刚开始的时候，只关注你们的共同点和你们一起度过的美好时光)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出避免太早说出别人对自己的伤害。故C选项“但最好避免过早冒险”符合语境，故选C。
十三
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。
English family names r surnames as we knw tday weren’t widely used until the Nrman cnquest (征服)f 1066. Befre that time there weren’t enugh peple t make it necessary t use anything ther than a single name. ____16____peple began adding descriptins such as “Jhn the Baker” t tell between peple f the same name. These descriptive names eventually became assciated with a family, passed dwn frm ne generatin t the next.
Occupatinal(职业性的)Surnames. ____17____ Tw cmmn English surname, Smith and Wright, are excellent examples f this. A name ending in “-man” usually suggests a trade name, as in Chapman (shpkeeper).
Descriptive Surnames. Based n a unique quality r physical characteristic f the individual, descriptive surnames ften develped frm nicknames. Mst refer t an individual’s appearance, like size, clr r physical shape, fr example, Little r Armstrng. ____18____ Gdchild r Wise are gd examples f this.
Gegraphical Surnames. These are names cming frm the lcatin f the land in which the first bearer and his family lived, and are generally the mst cmmn rigin f English surnames. They were first intrduced int England by the Nrmans, many f whm were knwn by the name f their persnal lands. ____19____ Cunty names in Great Britain, such as Kent and Devn, have been cmmnly adpted as surnames.
Other lcal surnames are frm descriptive landscape features such as hills and wds which describe the land where the bearer lives. ____20____
A. As the cuntry’s ppulatin grew,
B. As a persn entered under ne surname,
C. A rare name can tell yu the family’s rigin.
D. This is the rigin f surnames such as Hill and Bush.
E. They may als refer t an individual’s persnal character.
F. Many English surnames develped frm a persn’s jb r trade.
G. Thus, many English surnames develped frm the name f an actual twn r cunty.
【答案】16. A 17. F 18. E 19. G 20. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国姓氏的由来，我们今天所知道的英国姓氏直到1066年诺曼征服才被广泛使用。
16根据空前“Befre that time there weren’t enugh peple t make it necessary t use anything ther than a single name.(在那之前，没有足够多的人需要使用单一的名字以外的任何东西。)”可知，在诺曼征服之前人口不多。再根据空后“peple began adding descriptins such as “Jhn the Baker” t tell between peple f the same name. (人们开始添加诸如“面包师约翰”这样的描述来区分同名的人。)”可知，人们开始添加一些描述来区分同名的人。选项A“As the cuntry’s ppulatin grew,(随着国家人口的增长，)”不仅从形式上符合下文，从内容上也承上启下，使得上下文符合逻辑。正因为人口增加，人们才开始添加描述来区分同名的人。故选A。
17根据段首“Occupatinal(职业性的)Surnames.(职业性的姓氏)”可知，本段主要讲述的是姓氏和职业相关。选项F“Many English surnames develped frm a persn’s jb r trade.(许多英语姓氏是由一个人的工作或贸易发展而来的。)”和本段内容相符。同时与下文所举例子“Tw cmmn English surname, Smith and Wright, are excellent examples f this. (两个常见的英国姓氏，史密斯和赖特，就是很好的例子。)”保持一致。故选F。
18根据上文“Mst refer t an individual’s appearance, like size, clr r physical shape, fr example, Little r Armstrng.(大多数是指一个人的外表，如大小、颜色或身体形状，例如，Little或 Armstrng。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是有些姓氏用来描述一个人。再根据空后“Gdchild r Wise are gd examples f this.( Gdchild或Wise就是很好的例子。)”可知，Gdchild或Wise是描述了一个人的性格。选项E“They may als refer t an individual’s persnal character.(它们也可以指一个人的性格。)”是下文内容的总结，符合本段内容。故选E。
19根据下文“Cunty names in Great Britain, such as Kent and Devn, have been cmmnly adpted as surnames.(英国的郡名，如肯特郡和德文郡，已被普遍采纳为姓氏。)”可知，一些地名已经成为了姓氏。选项G“Thus, many English surnames develped frm the name f an actual twn r cunty.(因此，许多英文姓氏是从一个实际的城镇或郡的名字发展而来的。)”与下文所举例子相一致，指的都是一些城镇或郡的名字已经成为了正式的姓氏。故选G。
20根据空前“Other lcal surnames are frm descriptive landscape features such as hills and wds which describe the land where the bearer lives.(其他当地姓氏来自描述性的景观特征，如山丘和森林，描述了持有者居住的土地。)”可知，有些景观特征也成为了姓氏。选项D“This is the rigin f surnames such as Hill and Bush.(这是Hill和Bush等姓氏的起源。)”与上文内容一致，是上文所指的景观特征的具体例子。故选D。
十四
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Muntains are great places t spend yur free time, but they can be dangerus if yu’re nt prepared. Imagine yu went hiking with yur friends r family and gt lst while taking pictures f plants and animals. What if yu culdn’t find yur way back and had t wait until smene came and saved yu? ____16____
Fire is imprtant because muntains get cld at night, even in the summer. Fire als keeps dangerus animals away and can let peple knw where yu are. ____17____ If yu dn’t have either f these, yu can hit a rck against a piece f steel t make a spark(火花)and start a fire. Just make sure that the fire desn’t spread!
____18____ Humans can’t live withut water. If yur drinking water runs ut, yu’ll need t find clean water as sn as pssible. It’s best t lk fr running water, such as a stream r river. If yu can’t find any, try digging a deep hle t find water undergrund. Or, if yu have any empty cntainers(容器), yu can use them t cllect rainwater.
____19____ A cave can be a gd shelter. If yu can’t find ne, find a dry area, build a frame(支架)with branches, and cver it with a blanket. If yu dn’t have a blanket, cver yur bdy with a pile f leaves instead. ____20____
Remember, yu shuld never g int the muntains withut the right skills and equipment. But if yu’re prepared, yu’ll have a safe and enjyable experience.
A. Finally, yu will need sme kind f shelter.
B. Anther thing yu’ll need is clean drinking water.
C. T survive, yu’d need three things: fire, water and shelter.
D. Yu can survive fr hurs withut shelter in ice cnditins.
E. This will keep yu dry n the rainiest nights and blck the wind.
F. It’s imprtant t keep yur hme warm t avid health prblems.
G. Therefre, yu shuld always carry a lighter r a bx f matches with yu.
【答案】16. C 17. G 18. B 19. A 20. E
【解析】本是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在山区度过闲暇时光时不慎迷路又没有做好准备时应该找到自己需要的三样东西：：火、水和住所。
16上文“What if yu culdn’t find yur way back and had t wait until smene came and saved yu? (如果你找不到回去的路，不得不等到有人来救你，怎么办？)”可知空格处应该是回答这个问题。 结合下文第二段“Fire is imprtant because muntains get cld at night, even in the summer. (火很重要，因为山在晚上会变冷，即使在夏天也是如此)”，第三段“Humans can’t live withut water. (人类离不开水)”以及第四段“A cave can be a gd shelter.( 洞穴可以是一个很好的避难所。)”可知空格处说的是生存下去的必要条件。因此C项“为了生存，你需要三样东西：火、水和住所”符合语境，故选C。
17上文“Fire is imprtant because muntains get cld at night, even in the summer. Fire als keeps dangerus animals away and can let peple knw where yu are. (火很重要，因为山在晚上会变冷，即使在夏天也是如此。火也能让危险的动物远离，让人们知道你在哪里。)”说明火很重要，空格处填入你应该采取的措施。因此G项“因此，你应该随身携带打火机或火柴盒”符合语境，故选G。
18下文“Humans can’t live withut water. (人类离不开水)”说明水非常重要，放在句首是主题句，应该与水有关，因此B项“你需要的另一件事是清洁的饮用水”符合本段主旨，故选B。
19下文“A cave can be a gd shelter.( 洞穴可以是一个很好的避难所。)”说明本段要说明的是“避难所”的重要性，因此A项“最后，你需要一些庇护所”符合本段主旨，故选A。
20上文“If yu dn’t have a blanket, cver yur bdy with a pile f leaves instead.( 如果你没有毯子，用一堆树叶代替。)”说明可以使用其他的方法保暖，注意E项中的“this”代指的是上文中提到的a pile f leaves,因此E项“这将使你在最下雨的夜晚保持干燥，并阻挡风”符合语境，故选E。
2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新高考全国Ⅰ卷)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Persnal Frgiveness
Taking respnsibility fr mistakes is a psitive step, but dn’t beat yurself up abut them. T err (犯错) is human. ____16____ Yu can use the fllwing writing exercise t help yu d this.
In a jurnal r n a piece f paper, put the heading “Persnal strengths.” ____17____ Are yu caring? Creative? Generus? A gd listener? Fun t be arund? They dn’t have t be wrld-changing, just aspects f yur persnality that yu’re prud f.
At the tp f a secnd page, put the heading “Acts f kindness.” On this ne, list all the psitive things yu’ve dne fr thers. It might be the time when yu helped a friend with their hmewrk, when yu did the irning withut being asked, r when yu baked ckies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____
Yu culd ask a friend r family member t help add t yur list. ____19____ That way, yu culd exchange thughts n what makes each f yu special and the aspects f yur persnality that shine thrugh. In fact, dn’t wait until yu’ve made a mistake t try this—it’s a great way t bst self-cnfidence at any time.
It’s smething f a cliché (陈词滥调) that mst peple learn nt frm their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a psitive way t develp and grw.
A. A little self-frgiveness als ges a lng way.
B. Nw list all the characteristics yu like abut yurself.
C. They might even like t have a g at ding the exercise.
D. It’s just as imprtant t shw yurself sme frgiveness.
E. It desn’t mean yu have t ignre what’s happened r frget it.
F. Whatever it is, n matter hw small it might seem, write it dwn.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect f yur persnality.
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. F 19. C 20. G
【解析】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。
16根据空前内容“Taking respnsibility fr mistakes is a psitive step, but dn’t beat yurself up abut them. T err (犯错) is human.(为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过。)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“Yu can use the fllwing writing exercise t help yu d this.(你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点。)”中的“d this”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It’s just as imprtant t shw yurself sme frgiveness.(宽恕自己也同样重要。)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。
17根据空前内容“In a jurnal r n a piece f paper, put the heading “Persnal strengths. ”(在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”。)”以及空后内容“Are yu caring? Creative? Generus? A gd listener? Fun t be arund? They dn’t have t be wrld-changing, just aspects f yur persnality that yu’re prud f.(你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Nw list all the characteristics yu like abut yurself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点。)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。
18根据上文内容“At the tp f a secnd page, put the heading “Acts f kindness.” On this ne, list all the psitive things yu’ve dne fr thers. It might be the time when yu helped a friend with their hmewrk, when yu did the irning withut being asked, r when yu baked ckies after the family had had a tiring day.(在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whatever it is, n matter hw small it might seem, write it dwn.(不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来。)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。
19根据空后内容“That way, yu culd exchange thughts n what makes each f yu special and the aspects f yur persnality that shine thrugh.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like t have a g at ding the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“Yu culd ask a friend r family member t help add t yur list.(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend r family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, dn’t wait until yu’ve made a mistake t try this—it’s a great way t bst self-cnfidence at any time.(事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。故选C。
20根据空前内容“It’s smething f a cliché (陈词滥调) that mst peple learn nt frm their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true.(大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的。)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect f yur persnality.(不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面。)”符合语境，G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect f yur persnality”和空后内容“We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a psitive way t develp and grw.(我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式。)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。