译林版初中英语八年级下册 Unit 1 Past and present 词汇+重点短语清单 知识梳理

这是一份译林版初中英语八年级下册 Unit 1 Past and present 词汇+重点短语清单 知识梳理，共4页。
unit1精选词汇+重点短语清单词汇解析1. past（1）n. 过去；昔日 e.g. In the past, people used horses for transportation. 在过去，人们用马作为交通工具。（2）adj. 过去的；以前的 e.g. He told us about his past experiences. 他给我们讲述了他过去的经历。2. present（1）n. 现在；目前 e.g. We should focus on the present and plan for the future. 我们应该关注现在并为未来做打算。（2）adj. 现在的；当前的 e.g. What's the present situation of the project? 这个项目目前的情况如何？（3）〈用法拓展〉at present = now 现在3. just（1）adv. 刚才；刚刚 e.g. I just finished my homework. 我刚刚完成我的家庭作业。（常用于现在完成时）（2）〈用法拓展〉just now 刚才（常用于一般过去时） e.g. He left just now. 他刚才离开了。4. since（1）prep. 自……以来（后接表示时间的名词或短语，常与现在完成时连用） e.g. She has lived here since 2010. 她自2010年以来一直住在这里。（2）conj. 自从（引导时间状语从句，从句常用一般过去时） e.g. I haven't seen him since he moved away. 自从他搬走后，我就没见过他。（3）conj. 由于；既然（引导原因状语从句，从句多位于主句前） e.g. Since it's sunny today, let's go for a picnic. 既然今天天气晴朗，我们去野餐吧。5. ever（1）adv. 曾经（常用于现在完成时的疑问句和否定句中） e.g. Have you ever been to Paris? 你曾经去过巴黎吗？（2）〈用法拓展〉never 从不（表示否定，常用于现在完成时） e.g. I have never seen such a beautiful place. 我从未见过如此美丽的地方。6. northern（1）adj. 北方的；北部的 e.g. It's colder in the northern part of the country. 这个国家北部更冷。（2）〈知识链接〉north n. 北方；北部 e.g. The north of the city is less crowded. 城市的北部没那么拥挤。7. married（1）adj. 已婚的；结婚的 e.g. My parents have been married for 20 years. 我的父母结婚20年了。（2）〈用法拓展〉get married 结婚（强调动作，是非延续性动词短语）；be married 结婚（强调状态，是延续性动词短语，可以和一段时间连用）；get married to sb. 和某人结婚 e.g. She got married to a doctor last year. 她去年和一位医生结婚了。；marry sb. 娶/嫁某人 e.g. He wants to marry the girl he loves. 他想娶他爱的那个女孩。8. wife（1）n. 妻子（复数形式：wives） e.g. His wife is a teacher. 他的妻子是一名教师。9. block（1）n. 街区 e.g. I live two blocks away from the school. 我住在离学校两个街区远的地方。10. pollution（1）n. 污染；污染物 e.g. Air pollution is a serious problem. 空气污染是个严重的问题。（2）〈知识链接〉pollute v. 污染 e.g. Factories pollute the water. 工厂污染了水。；polluted adj. 被污染的 e.g. a polluted river 一条被污染的河流11. factory（1）n. 工厂（复数形式：factories） e.g. There is a big factory near our town. 我们镇附近有一家大工厂。12. waste（1）n. 废料；废品（不可数名词） e.g. Don't throw waste everywhere. 不要到处扔垃圾。（2）n. 浪费（不可数，但可与不定冠词连用） e.g. It's a waste of time watching TV all day. 整天看电视是浪费时间。（3）v. 浪费 e.g. Don't waste water. 不要浪费水。常用结构：waste time / money on sth 或者 waste time / money (in) doing sth浪费时间或金钱做某事 e.g. You're wasting your time in playing games. 你在玩游戏上浪费时间。13. realize（1）v. 意识到；实现 e.g. He finally realized his dream. 他最终实现了他的梦想。；I realized I made a mistake. 我意识到我犯了一个错误。14. improve（1）v. 改进，改善 e.g. We should take action to improve our environment. 我们应该采取行动改善我们的环境。；You can improve your English by reading more. 你可以通过多读来提高你的英语水平。15. situation（1）n. 形势，情况 e.g. The situation is getting better. 情况正在好转。重点短语1. used to do sth 过去常常做某事（现在不做了） e.g. I used to play basketball after school. 我过去放学后常常打篮球。〈用法拓展〉be used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 e.g. He is used to getting up early. 他习惯早起。；be used to do sth 被用来做某事（主语常常是物） e.g. Knives are used to cut things. 刀被用来切东西。2. in the northern part of... 在……的北部 = in the north of... e.g. There is a small village in the northern part of the city. 城市的北部有一个小村庄。3. get married 结婚 e.g. They got married last month. 他们上个月结婚了。4. since then 从那时起（用于现在完成时） e.g. We have been friends since then. 从那时起我们就是朋友了。5. over the years 多年以来（常与现在完成时连用） e.g. Our hometown has changed a lot over the years. 多年来我们的家乡变化很大。6. in some ways 在某些方面 e.g. In some ways, he is a very good student. 在某些方面，他是个非常好的学生。7. from time to time 有时；不时地 = at times = sometimes e.g. I go to the park from time to time. 我有时会去公园。8. feel lonely 感到孤独 e.g. He feels lonely when his parents are away. 他父母不在家时他感到孤独。9. share sth with sb 和某人分享某事/某物 e.g. Please share your story with us. 请和我们分享你的故事。10. take a bus 坐公交车 e.g. I usually take a bus to school. 我通常坐公交车去上学。11. go to school 去上学 e.g. It's time to go to school. 该去上学了。12. turn... into... 把……变成…… e.g. The government turned the old building into a museum. 政府把那栋旧楼变成了一座博物馆。13. put... into... 把……放进…… e.g. Put the books into the schoolbag. 把书放进书包里。14. know sth very well 对某事很了解 e.g. He knows this area very well. 他对这个地区很了解。15. take action to do sth 采取行动做某事 e.g. We should take action to protect the environment. 我们应该采取行动保护环境。16. move away 搬走 e.g. They moved away last year. 他们去年搬走了。17. by bike 骑自行车 e.g. I go to work by bike every day. 我每天骑自行车去上班。18. all one's life 一生；一辈子 e.g. He lived in this small town all his life. 他一辈子都住在这个小镇上。19. a bit 一点（修饰形容词或副词） = a little e.g. It's a bit cold today. 今天有点冷。〈用法拓展〉a bit of 一点（修饰不可数名词） = a little e.g. There is a bit of water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一点水。20. take place 发生（没有被动语态） e.g. Great changes have taken place in our city. 我们城市发生了巨大的变化。21. be / get used to 习惯于 e.g. She is getting used to the new school. 她正在适应新学校。22. on one's own 独自地 = alone = by oneself e.g. He can finish the work on his own. 他能独自完成这项工作。23. on both sides 在两边 e.g. There are trees on both sides of the road. 路的两边都有树。24. clean and fresh air 干净新鲜的空气 e.g. We need clean and fresh air to keep healthy. 我们需要干净新鲜的空气来保持健康。25. living conditions 生存环境；生活条件 e.g. The living conditions in the city are getting better. 城市的生活条件正在改善。26. railway station 火车站 e.g. I will meet my friend at the railway station. 我将在火车站接我的朋友。27. return from... 从……返回 e.g. He returned from Beijing yesterday. 他昨天从北京回来。〈知识链接〉return to... 回到…… = go back to... e.g. He will return to his hometown next week. 他下周将回到家乡。；return sth to sb 把某物归还某人 = give sth back to sb e.g. Remember to return the book to the library. 记得把书还给图书馆。28. go abroad 出国 e.g. He wants to go abroad to study. 他想去国外学习。29. keep in touch with... 与……保持联系 e.g. We should keep in touch with our old friends. 我们应该和老朋友保持联系。30. much easier 更容易（much修饰比较级，表示程度加深） e.g. It's much easier to solve the problem now. 现在解决这个问题容易多了。