2025年中考英语一轮复习 第07讲 动名词与分词 课件+练习+讲义

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分析近年中考真题可知，中考在命题考查加重对非谓语动词知识点运用与长难句的考查，对非谓语动词的各种形式，结合语态进行综合设题，
侧重动词时态、语态和主谓一致。
动名词：主要起到名词的作用，可以有复数形式和所有格。
作宾语— I like swimming.
作主语— walking is gd exercise.
作表语— seeing is believing.
作定语 — a waking stick
现在分词：主要描述动作的进行状态或事物的性质与状态。
作状语 — By practicing everyday yu will imprve yur English quckly.
作定语— The crying by is Jim.
作表语— The bk is interesting.
作补语— He came hme singing and dancing.
特点— 没有人称和数的变化，具有动词的基本特征，在句中不可作谓语。
作定语— Lk at the fallen leaves.
作表语 — The structure stays clsed t prtect plants.
作补语 — A liar can’t make himself believed.
作状语 — Frightened by the dg, the little girl dared nt g ut alne.
由“动词原形（d）＋-ing”构成，其形式与现在分词的构成相同，否定形式为“nt＋动词原形＋-ing”。动名词既有动词的特征，又有名词的特征，可以在句子中充当主语、表语、宾语和定语。
可带宾语：在动名词短语中，动名词可像动词一样支配宾语。I enjy reading bks. 我喜欢读书。可被副词修饰：动名词也能被副词修饰，来表示动作的方式、程度等。He is gd at quickly slving prblems.他擅长快速地解决问题。
可作主语：Running is gd fr yur health.跑步对你的健康有好处。可作宾语：I like dancing. 我喜欢跳舞。可被形容词修饰：Quiet reading is a gd habit.安静地阅读是个好习惯。
动名词放在句首作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Reading is an art. 阅读是一项技能。
多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换成作主语。His hbby is swimming. 他的爱好是游泳。
作定语时，表其所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等，放在被修饰词之前。Our cuntry is a develping cuntry. 我们国家是一个发展中国家。
①I finished reading the bk last night. 我昨晚读完了这本书。（作动词宾语）②A yung man made a living by selling fried dugh sticks. 一个年轻人靠在市场上卖油条谋生。（作介词宾语）
动词后只接动名词作宾语cnsider, suggest/advise, lk frward t, excuse/pardn ; 考虑建议盼原谅；admit, delay/put ff, fancy; 承认推迟没得想；avid, miss, keep/keep n, practise; 避免错过继续练；deny, finish, enjy/appreciate; 否认完成就欣赏；frbid, imagine, risk; 禁止想象才冒险；can’t help, mind, allw/permit, escape; 不禁介意准逃亡；
这些动词所表达的语义和动作特点与动名词的 “动作性” 和 “名词性” 相结合的特点相契合，动名词在这些语境中能够更好地体现动作的持续、抽象概念或者一种习惯。
中考常见后接动名词的动词例句
I am used t getting up early. His carelessness led t making a big mistake.She devtes herself t helping the pr.He sticks t practicing the pian every day.They bjected t changing the plan.It's time t get dwn t preparing fr the exam.Please pay attentin t writing yur name clearly.I can't stand listening t lud music.He gave up smking last year.I feel like having a cup f cffee.She insists n ging t the party alne.We put ff having the sprts meeting because f the rain.I have truble understanding this math prblem.She spent tw hurs in cleaning the rm.There is n sense in arguing with him.We had a wnderful time in skiing.The students are busy in preparing fr the final exams.
be used t, lead t, devte t, stick t, bject t, get dwn t, pay attentin t, can’t stand, give up, feel like, insist n, put ff, have difficulty/truble (in) ding sth.； spend...(in) ding sth.； There is n pint/sense (in) ding sth.; have a gd/wnderful/hard time (in); be bust (in)等动词词组也要接动名词作宾语。
动名词除了可以作动词的宾语外，还可以作介词的宾语，下列动词词组后接动名词作宾语。
既可跟动名词又可跟不定式作宾语的动词
考点2：动词的现在分词
主要描述动作的进行状态或性质，在句中不能单独作谓语，具有形容词的特性。在句中作定语、表语、状语和补语，有时态和语态的变化。
The result f the game is very surprising.游戏的结果让人很惊讶。The news that ur team had wn was very inspiring. 我们队获胜的消息非常鼓舞人心。The stry is very interesting and encuraging.这个故事非常有趣且鼓舞人心。Yur idea sunds very interesting. 你的想法听起来很有趣。
1. 单个分词作定语位于被修饰词之前。I have gt a running nse. 我流鼻涕。It was shcking news t her. 这对她来说是一个令人震惊的消息。There are tw teaching buildings in ur schl.我们学校有两座教学楼。 2. 分词短语作定语置于被修饰词之后。 D yu knw the girl standing under the tree? 你认识站在树下面的那个女孩吗? There are lts f students wishing t jin us. 有许多学生想加入我们。
Arriving hme, he shwed me a large bright clean rm.到家后，他把我领进了一个宽敞、明亮、洁净的房间。He fell ff the bike, breaking his left leg.他从自行车上掉下来，摔断了左腿。A grup f children were sitting arund the teacher, playing games.一群孩子围着老师，在做游戏。D be careful when crssing the street. 过马路时一定要小心。
My mther kept me wrking all the week. 妈妈让我整个星期都在工作。（宾语补足语）I heard him singing in the classrm. 我当时听到他正在教室里唱歌。（宾语补足语）Jenny culd hear them arguing utside. 珍妮能听到他们在外面争论。（宾语补足语）An undeserved success is like a medal that is fund lying in the street.（主语补足语）If yu see sldiers wearing sky-blue helmets, they are United Natins peace keepers.（宾语补足语） 如果你看到戴着天蓝色头盔的士兵，他们就是联合国维和人员。
1. 现在分词作宾补，动词与宾语之间有逻辑主谓关系，说明宾语的性质、特征或强调正在进行的主动动作。变成被动语态时，宾语补足语相应的变为主语补足语。常跟现在分词作宾语补足语的动词：感官动词（see, watch, bserve, ntice, hear, listen, feel)，使役动词(have, get), find, leave, keep, catch等。）2. with＋宾语＋ding表示主动，说明动作正在发生或经常发生；with＋宾语＋dne表示被动或完成；with＋宾语＋t d表示将要发生的动作。
考点2：动词的过去分词
也是动词的一种非谓语形式，主要用于完成时态（如现在完成时、过去完成时）、被动语态，还可以在句子中充当定语、状语、补语等成分。
过去分词作定语表示一个被动的、已发生的动作；单个分词修饰名词作前置定语；分词短语修饰名词作后置定语。The by lked up with a pleased expressin. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。I sptted the girl dressed in white.我认出了那个穿白色衣服的女孩。The huses built last year are fr the teachers.=The huses that/which were built last year are fr the teacher.这些去年建好的房子是为老师准备的。
作表语的过去分词与被动语态中的过去分词容易混淆。被动语态表示主语的动作，作表语的过去分词表示主语所处的状态。 2.现在分词作表语，说名主语的身份、性质或情况，主语大多是物。表示“令人的”。The windw is brken. 这扇窗户碎了。系表结构，表示主语the windw所处的状态brkenThe windw was brken by Tim. 这扇窗户是Tim打碎的。被动语态，表示动作The bk is interesting and I’m interested in it. 这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。
1.过去分词作表语，表示“感到……”，常修饰人的状态或感受。表示主语是动作的承受者。但修饰人的表情也常用过去分词。常见动词如：amazed（感到惊讶的）； bred（感到无聊的）；cnfused（困惑的）；delighted（开心的）；depressed（低落的）；determined（下定决心的）； disappinted（失望的）；excited（兴奋的）；embarrassed（尴尬的）；exhausted（筋疲力尽的）；frightened（令人惊骇的）；frustrated（消沉的）；interested（感兴趣的）；satisfied （满意度）；surprised（吃惊的）；mved（感动的）The pupils will get cnfused if they learn t much at a time. 如果学生一次学太多，他们会感到困惑。2.be+不及物动词的过去分词，一般是系表结构。如：gne消失了，不在了； fallen落下的； knwn著名的； mistaken无解的，弄错的等。
过去分词作状语，逻辑主语是句子的主语,用作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状语，强调该动作与句子主语之间的被动关系；为了强调，还可以与while, when, nce, if, unless等连词连用。Warned f the danger, he still went skating n the thin ice.（=Thugh he was warned...）虽然被警告危险，他仍旧到薄冰上滑冰。The prfessr came int the classrm, fllwed by sme students.教授走进教室，几个学生跟在后面。Given mre time, I can finish the wrk.（=If I am given...）Seen frm the hill, the city lks mre beautiful.从山顶看，这座城市显得格外美丽。
过去分词作状语相当于一个状语从句。当从句中的主语和主句主语保持一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可以省略be动词，如果，从句中是被动结构时，即构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语。
When cmpleted, the rad will be pen t public. 当这条铁路修好后，将会对公众开放。=When it is cmpleted, he was warned danger, he still went skating n the thin ice. =Thugh warned danger, he still went skating n the thin ice.
v.＋-ed/-ing变成形容词
v.＋-ed/-ing变成形容词v.＋-ed/-ing（-ed形容词多表示人的感受，-ing形容词多用于修饰物） amaze→amazed 吃惊的→amazing 令人大为惊奇的bre→bred（对某人/事物）厌烦的→bring 令人厌倦（或厌烦）的excite→excited 兴奋的→exciting 令人激动的interest →interested 感兴趣的→interesting 有趣的please→pleased 高兴，满意→pleasing 令人高兴的relax→relaxed 放松的→relaxing 令人放松的satisfy→satisfied 满意的→satisfying 令人满意（或满足）的surprise→surprised 惊讶的→surprising 令人吃惊的tire→tired 疲倦的→tiring 令人困倦的
一、基础巩固1．Nw a great number f peple frm all ver the wrld enjy ________ Chinese tea.A．drink B．drinks C．drinking D．t drink2．—Hw much difficulty did yu have ________ ut the maths prblem? —Nne. It’s quite easy.A．wrkedB．t wrkC．wrkingD．t wrking3．Tday, we must cntinue ________ t keep ur skies blue, waters clean and lands clear.A．wrk B．wrking C．t wrk D．wrked4．—Yu dn’t knw what great difficulty I had ________ t get the tw tickets. —But the music is really wrth ________ twice.A. managing; being listened t B．managing; listening tC．t manage; being listened tD．t manage; listening t5．________ is the best way t imprve my ________ skills.A．Read, speakingB．Read, speakingC．Read, spkenD．Reading, spken
6．He hurried hme, _________behind as he went.A．lkingB．lkedC．being lkD．was lking7．He jumped int the water when he heard a by ________ fr help.A．call B．is calling C．calling D．t call8．Michael Jacksn ________ as “King f Pp” was annunced dead n June 25th, ________ the wrld.A．regarded, surprisedB．wh regarded, surprisingC．regarded, surprisingD．was regarded, surprising9．The new rbt _________ last mnth can d many jbs instead f humans.A．inventsB．inventedC．is inventedD．was invented10．—Dad, my cmputer desn’t wrk.    —I will get it ________ tmrrw.A．repair B．t repair C．repaired D．repairing11．The pht ________ ten years ag reminds me f thse sweet memries.A．was takenB．taken C．has taken D．t
完成句子1．非常感谢你在我低谷时继续支持我，而不像其他人一样背后说我的坏话。 Thanks a lt abut me behind my back like thers when I was dwn.2．It tk him ten days t finish the wrk. He ten days the wrk.3．She lves dancing and swimming. (转变成含有hbby的句子) 4．We used the new wrds t make up an interesting stry tday. New wrds used fr up an interesting stry tday.5．We shuld prtect the envirnment. We shuld nt cut dwn the trees. (两句合一句) We shuld prtect the envirnment by nt cutting dwn the trees.6．一定有东西在拜访我们附近的住户。 There things the hmes in ur neighbrhd.
in finishing
Her hbbies are dancing and swimming.
fr keeping supprting me instead f saying bad wrds
7．一个路过的人问我邮局怎么走。Smebdy asked me the pst ffice.8．他正忙于修理裤子，但他仍然回答了我的问题。He a pair f pants, but he still answered my questins.9．你想询问照片里那个弹吉他的男孩是谁。    Wh’s ?10．和我父亲的书法相比，我的很差。 my father’s hand writing, mine is pr.11．一般来说，用二胡演奏的音乐都很悲伤。Generally speaking, the music that the erhu sunds very sad.12．事实上，根据太阳在天空中的位置，一年被分为24个部分。 , the year 24 parts, where based n the sun is in the sky.
passing by
was busy fixing
played with
the way t
the by playing the guitar in the pht
Cmpared with
is divided int
 三、阅读短文，判断划线单词属于动名词、现在分词还是过去分词， 然后进行归类。 The park is a ppular place fr peple t relax. There is a small lake in the middle f the park. Peple enjy bating n the lake. The ducks swimming in the water seem very happy. The trees planted arund the lake prvide shade. The leaves rustling in the breeze create a sthing sund. Children playing n the grass are full f laughter. A man sitting n the bench is reading a bk. The flwers blming in the flwer beds add clr t the park. The path leading t the ther side f the park is made f cbblestnes.
bating(动名词）:“enjy”是一个动词，后面跟着动名词。这里的“划船”是“享受”的对象，因为它作为名词起作用，代表划船的活动。swimming(现在分词):用来描述鸭子的动作。这表明鸭子正在游泳。Planted(过去分词):表示这些树是过去有人种植的，修饰了名词“树”，显示出被动含义。rustling(现在分词): 描述了树叶的动作，.表明树叶在微风中移动时发出沙沙声。playing(现在分词)，表示孩子们正在草地上玩耍。blming (现在分词): 描述了花朵的动作，.表明花朵绽开的状态。