2025年中考英语一轮复习 第12讲 主谓一致 课件+练习+讲义

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近几年，主谓一致在中考英语试题主要集中在用动词适当形式填空、句型转换、汉译英、单项选择、完形填空及其它类型的填空题中都出现主谓搭配的试题，解答任务型阅读以及书面表达题型时，学生就必须考虑主谓一致。
The by is playing basket ball nw.
These by are playing basketball nw.
The peple here are really happy.
Ten dllars is enugh fr this bk.
谓语单复数由较近的主语决定
There is a teacher and three students in the classrm
Nbdy but tw students is in the classrm.
Neither Jim nr his parents knw anything abut it.
There is a pen, tw knives n the table.
概念：主谓一致指主语和谓语在人称和数上要保持一致，主语的单、复数形式决定了谓语动词的形式。主谓一致的基本原则即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
语法一致原则主要指语法形式上一致，即谓语动词必须在人称和数的形式上与主语保持一致，这一原则多适用于句子主语是名词或代词的情况。He is a famus singer.The bys wh are playing the guitar are my cusins.Life is full f the unexpected.
1. 表示时间、金钱、距离、数量、重量的名词时作主语时。2. 当形式上是复数，但意义是单数的名词作主语时，如news, maths, plastics, physics等。3. 国名、机构、人名或书名作主语时。以­s/­ics结尾的学科名词，如physics, plitics等及news作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。4. 不定代词或由表示单数意义的each, either, n ne, nthing等修饰的名词作主语时。5. “A/an +可数名词单数+r tw”作主语时；“ne r tw+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。6. 动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时。
Five minutes is enugh t bil an egg. （五分钟足够煮一个鸡蛋。）Ten dllars is the price f this bk. （十美元是这本书的价格。）A hundred miles is t far t walk in ne day. （ 一百英里太远了，一天走不完。）
The news is very exciting. （这则新闻非常令人兴奋。）Maths is nt an easy subject fr sme students.（对一些学生来说，数学不是一门容易的学科。）
China is a great cuntry with a lng histry. （中国是一个有着悠久历史的伟大国家。）Dickens is a famus English writer. （狄更斯是一位著名的英国作家。）
Smene is kncking at the dr.（有人在敲门。）Each student has a new textbk.（每个学生都有一本新课本。）
A bk r tw are needed fr this curse. （这门课程需要一两本书。）One r tw students are late fr class tday. （今天有一两个学生上课迟到了。）
T learn a freign language is nt s difficult. （学会一门外语并不那么难。）That he has wn the game is knwn t us all. （他赢了这场比赛是我们都知道的事。）One r tw cars are parked illegally here. （这里有一两辆车违规停放。）
谓语动词单、复数多变的情况
（1）当主语后面接由as well as, including, mre than, n less than, rather than, with, tgether with等构成的词组时，其谓语动词的形式要依主语的单复数而定。在这样的句子里，这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单复数形式，它们在句子里其实是状语。Prnunciatin as well as grammar changes quickly.发音与语法一样变化很快。Nbdy but Lily and Mary was in the classrm just nw. 刚才除了丽丽和玛丽外没有人在教室里。
（3）倒装句的主谓一致倒装句中谓语动词的数与后面的主语保持一致，即谓语后面的主语是单数，动词用单数；谓语后面的主语是复数，动词用复数。A building stands in frnt f us.→In frnt f us stands a building. 我们面前矗立着一栋楼。
（2）由lts f, a lt f, a number f, plenty f等修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词与所修饰的名词形式保持一致。A great number f students wh were invited t the party were frm my schl.很多被邀来参加晚会的学生来自于我校。A great deal f water is plluted every year.每年大量的水被污染。
意义一致原则是指谓语动词的形式要根据主语所表达的实际意义来确定，而不是单纯依据主语的语法形式。即主语形式上虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词要用复数形式；反之，主语形式上为复数，但意义为单数，谓语动词则用单数形式。
Time and tide waits fr n man. 岁月不等人。The pet and writer has prduced many wrks.这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。
Thse wh were praised at the meeting wuld be sent t America fr further study.在这次会议上被表扬的人将被派到美国深造。Russia is upgrading its nrthern fleet, which includes 18 icebreakers.俄罗斯正在升级它的北海舰队，准备增加18艘破冰船。
1. and, bth ... and ... 连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词须用单数形式。
2. 定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数由其修饰的名词的单复数形式来确定；如果定语从句修饰前面的整个句子，从句中的谓语动词用单数。
Three furths f the teachers supprt the plan. 四分之三的老师支持这个计划。Abut ne third f the bks are wrth reading.这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。
Three pairs glasses are n the desk. 课桌上有3副眼镜。A piece f paper is n the table.桌子上有一张纸。
3. 分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的数与其所修饰的名词的数保持一致。the rest, the remaining/part ...，plenty f, a great deal f等＋主语，谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数意义而定。
4.“a kind f/a piece f/a pair f等+名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词与表示计量单位的名词形式保持一致。
The class cnsists f 25 bys and 20 girls.这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。The class are ding experiments.全班学生都在做实验。
The beautiful gives pleasure t all. 美好的事物给人带来快乐。The ld are taken gd care f in ur cmmunity.在我们社区，老年人得到了很好的照顾。
5. 集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, grup, public, gvernment, audience（观众）等。
 6.“the+形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
就近一致原则，又被称为 “邻近原则”，是指在英语句子中，当两个或两个以上的主语由某些特定的连词或短语连接时，谓语动词的形式（包括人称和数）要与离它最近的那个主语保持一致。这一原则打破了常规的主谓一致规则，强调以靠近谓语动词的主语情况来决定谓语的形式。
由r, either ... r ..., neither ... nr ..., nt nly ... but als ... , nt ... but ... 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。Neither Jim nr his parents knw anything abut it.吉姆和他母亲都不知道这件事。在There be句型及Here开头的句子中，有两个或几个并列主语时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。There is a pen, tw knives and several bks n the table.桌子上有一支钢笔、两把小刀和几本书。→There are tw knives, a pen and several bks n the table.桌子上有两把小刀、一支钢笔和几本书。many a/mre than ne＋单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。Many a parent was frced t g thrugh this same painful prcess.很多父母都被迫经历这一段痛苦的过程。
就远一致原则是英语中主谓一致的一种特殊情况。它是指当主语后面跟有 “with、tgether with、alng with、as well as、besides、except、but、including、rather than” 等词或短语连接另外一个名词或代词时，谓语动词的人称和数要与这些词或短语前面的主语保持一致，而不受后面所跟名词或代词的影响 。
主语后跟介词alng with, besides, tgether with, with 等引导的短语，或跟连接词ther than，as well as, rather than等连接的短语时，其谓语动词与 短语前的主语保持一致。My mther tgether with my brthers has seen the film.我妈妈和我哥哥们都已经看了电影。I as well as my sister am gd at English.我和我姐姐都擅长英语。His brther, rather than his parents is fnd f the cuntry music.是他的弟弟，而不是他的父母喜欢乡村音乐。
考点5：主谓一致易错点
在中考中，主谓一致的易错点主要集中在集体名词作主语,不定代词作主语, “the + 形容词” 作主语,特殊名词作主语以及数量词作主语的谓语动词使用上。
1.“n/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋n/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。Every by and every girl wishes t attend the party t be held next Sunday.每个男生和女生都希望参加下周日举行的聚会。
2.“a number f＋复数名词”表示“许多……”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number f＋复数名 词”表示“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。A number f measures were being taken t prtect the endangered animals人们正采取各种措施保护濒危动物。The number f staff has declined frm 218,000 t 116,000.员工人数从21.8万下降到了11.6万。
3.单复数同形的名词，如：deer, sheep, fish, means, wrks等作主语时，视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。All means have been tried. 所有方式都试过了。Every means has been tried. 每一种方式都试过了。
4.当man作“人类”，the wrld（世界上的人）讲作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Only man knws hw t ck. 只有人类懂得烹饪。All the wrld knws that the earth is rund. 世界上的人都知道地球是圆的。
5.非谓语动词作主语单独的不定式、V-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。Listening t music is a way t relax myself.T save the endangered animals is what we need t d.如果多个非谓语动词连在一起表示同一概念，谓语动词用单数；如果表示不同概念，谓语动词用复数。T g t bed early and t get up early is a gd habit.T wrk and t live are tw different things but they are always tgether.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式与先行词保持一致。先行词是单数时，从句的谓语动词用单数；先行词是复数时，从句的谓语动词用复数I want t knw the man wh is singing in the music rm.The pens which are n the desk belng t Alice.“ne f+可数名词复数”作先行词时，从句的谓语动词用复数；“the nly/very/ right ne f+”可数名词复数”作先行词时，从句的谓语动词用单数。Jack is ne f the musicians wh were awarded.Jack is the nly ne f the musicians wh was awarded.
一、基础巩固1．—D yu think ________ mre pllutin in a few years?—Yes! S we must d smething t save the earth.A．there isB．there will haveC．there areD．there will be2．Lk, here is sme ________ n the best universities fr yu t study abrad.A．bk B．tip C．suggestin D．infrmatin3．Linda with her parents ________ t Jingyue Park every week, and all f them feel very happy.A．g B．gesC．went D．ging4．Sue with her parents ften ________ hills n Sundays.A．climb B．climbs C．climbed5．_______ are crazy abut listening t pp music in their spare time．A．Bill as well as his friends B．Neither Victr nr TmC．Nt nly Tim but als the twinsD．Either Anita r Jack
6．_______ my father_______ my mther can play taiji. They will learn it this summer.A．Neither; nr B．Nt nly; but als C．Bth; and7．—Mr. Yang, can Lily and I g and practice tennis this afternn?—Srry. ________ she ________ yu can d it. Yu tw have mre imprtant things t d then.A．Either; rB．Neither; nrC．Bth; andD．Nt nly; but als8．Tm likes sprts. He ften ________ ftball with his friends n weekends.A．plays B．is playing C．played D．will play9．The pr ________ getting fewer and fewer in ur cuntry these years under the leadership f President Xi.A．is B．are C．was D．were10．Mst f the ppulatin in the village _________ fr big cities. As a result, big cities are becming mre and mre crwded.A．has been leftB．have been awayC．is visiting
完成下列句子。1．Grace and her parents live in Sydney, Australia. (改为同义句)Grace her parents in Sydney, Australia.2．她和她的同事们都期盼着看到新老板。She, her wrkmates lking frward t seeing their new bss.3．我打电话给爸爸，但他没接。他正和队友执行一项重要计划。I called my father but he didn’t answer. He with his teammates .4．史蒂夫和他的朋友们正在外面打篮球。 Steve with his friends basketball utside.5．There is a knife n the table. (改为复数) There n the table.6．教室里有一些储物柜吗？ any lckers in the classrm?
as well as
was carrying ut an imprtant plan
7．玛丽和露西都不在纽约工作。 Mary Lucy in New Yrk.8．There are twenty bys and fifteen girls in ur class. (改为同义句)Our class twenty bys and fifteen girls.9．格林一家人计划乘飞机去海南度假。The Green family Hainan fr hliday.10．李祥的家庭很小。他家有三口人：他的父母和他。Li Xiang’s family three peple : his parents and .11．无论你去哪里，父母的爱都会伴随你。Parents’ lve will be with yu .12．This is a mdern building. (改为复数句式) mdern buildings.
is made up f
wherever yu g
is small . There are
In his family
plan t fly t
翻译下列句子。这个城市一半的人口是年轻人，他们对新的科技非常感兴趣。翻译：Half f the ppulatin in this city are yung peple, and they are very interested in new technlgies. 解析：“half f + 名词” 作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于 f 后面的名词。“ppulatin” 在这里指具体的人，强调个体，所以谓语用复数 “are”。2. 三分之二的土地被森林覆盖，这对环境非常有益。 翻译：Tw - thirds f the land is cvered with frests, which is very beneficial t the envirnment. 解析：“分数 + f + 名词” 作主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于 f 后面的名词。“land” 是不可数名词，所以谓语用单数 “is”。3. 不止一个学生在这次考试中犯了同样的错误。 翻译：Mre than ne student has made the same mistake in this exam. 解析：“mre than ne + 单数名词” 作主语，尽管意思是 “不止一个”，但谓语动词要用单数形式。
4. 无论是老师还是学生都不知道这个问题的答案。 翻译：Neither the teacher nr the students knw the answer t this questin. 解析：“” 连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则，与离它最近的 “students” 保持一致，所以用复数 “knw”。5. 字典和语法书对我们学习英语都很有帮助。 翻译：Dictinaries and grammar bks are bth helpful fr us t learn English. 解析：由 and 连接的两个并列名词作主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。6. 正在唱歌的女孩是我的妹妹，和她一起的那些男孩是她的同学。 翻译：The girl wh is singing is my sister, and the bys wh are with her are her classmates. 解析：第一个从句 “wh is singing” 修饰 “The girl”，谓语用单数；第二个从句 “wh are with her” 修饰 “the bys”，谓语用复数。