2025年中考英语一轮复习 第25讲 完形填空之说明文 课件+练习+讲义

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说明文结构复杂，专业术语多。对考生来说说明文抽象度高，解题难度大。旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典形题形。它结合了单项选择题和短文填空的优点，既考查词语搭配、近义词辨异、动词时态、句形结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等，又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。 中考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性的句子居多。因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。
中考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺 介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性 的句子居多。既考查词语搭配、近义词辨异、动词时态、句形结构、复合句的 关联和习惯用法等，又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。
说明文类完形填空解题要点
1. 利用上下文的提示
2. 扫清部分词汇理解上的障碍
1. 明确说明对象，沥青段落关系
2. 弄清说明顺序，把握作者态度
3. 运用高分技巧
1. 利用首句，明确说明对象
2. 把握说明文的结构模式
3. 逐句精读文章，熟悉逻辑衔接次
锦囊2分析哲理的悟出过程
锦囊1：利用首句查明说明对象
锦囊2：利用让步逻辑关系
锦囊3：利用因果逻辑关系
锦囊4：利用平行逻辑关系
锦囊5：利用转折逻辑关系
锦囊6：利用词语（搭配）辨析
锦囊7：利用递进式说明结构
1.说明文类完形填空解题要点
①利用首句，明确说明对象说明文一般有三类；一是实体事例说明文，包括说明书、广告、解说词、人物介绍等；二是事理说明文，包括理论性解释、文书简介、学术流派等；三是文艺性说明文，即说明对象拟人化。掌握说明对象，可以从整体上把握主旨大意。
②把握说明文的结构模式总分式：包括总-分；分-总；总-分-总等具体形式。递进式：事理说明文多用递进式结构，一层一层地剖析事理。具体包括：空间顺序-从上到下、从外到内、从左到右、从远到近、从中间到四周、从整体到部分；时间顺序-事情都有发生、发展、消亡的过程；逻辑顺序-剖析事理时就按照其逻辑关系进行安排，或从原因到结果、从主到次、递进或对比等严密的条理性。掌握结构模式，可以对文章的逻辑有更好的把握。
③逐句精读文章，熟悉逻辑衔接次。
考点2：语境联想的应用
1.利用上下文的提示（1）在完形填空中，有些空格的答案可能直接或间接地在上下文中给出。读者可以寻找与空格相连的句子或段落，以找到可能的答案。（2）上下文可能提供对某些单词或短语的理解，例如，如果一个单词或短语在句子中是已知的，那么读者可以使用这个已知信息来理解其他相关的单词或短语的含义。（3）上下文也可能提供对整个文章主题的理解，这可以帮助读者理解文章中的细节和要点。
2.用学过的知识和已有的生活经验，扫清部分词汇理解上的障碍（1）读者可以利用自己的背景知识和生活经验来理解文章中的某些单词或短语。例如，如果文章谈论体育，那么读者可以利用自己对体育的了解来理解文章中的一些专门术语。（2）如果文章中出现一些新词汇或难以理解的短语，读者可以利用上下文以及文章的总体主题来猜测其含义。（3）读者还可以利用文章的语法和结构来理解某些词汇的含义。例如，上下文中的动词时态和形容词的使用可以帮助读者理解某些名词的含义。
根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。As we knw, there are 24 slar terms (节气) in China. Grain Rain (谷雨) is ne f them and it usually 1 n April 20th and ends n May 5th. This slar term is called Grain Rain because it is knwn fr “Rain waters the grain”. After this term ends, there will be mre 2 days. The slar term als means mre rainfalls. S if yu g ut in the slar term, yu may need t bring a(n) 3 with yu. But this is a great time fr planting and farming. Chinese peple have the 4 , “If yu dn’t plant crps during Grain Rain, yu’ll feel like a crab (螃蟹) is creeping in yur heart. ” This means that if yu miss the time fr planting, yu will feel 5 later. When the spring rain falls, farmers als begin t grw crps. Farmers ften say, “Spring rain is as precius as il.” It brings farmers 6 fr a gd year ahead. There are als many interesting 7 during Grain Rain. In the nrthern part f China, peple like t eat Chinese tn with scrambled eggs (香椿炒鸡蛋). That’s why lts f peple 8 the tn in the market.
1．A．leavesB．meets C．lands D．starts2．A．htB．free C．cl D．snwy3．A．bwlB．umbrellaC．cup D．handbag4．A．sayingB．humr C．jke D．taste5．A．happyB．scared C．srry D．excited6．A．wrkB．mney C．energy D．luck7．A．rulesB．custmsC．stries D．skills8．A．set upB．turn ffC．write dwnD．lk fr9．A．pickedB．grwn C．sld D．thrwn10．A．famusB．bad C．ready D．late
The fd made during Grain Rain tastes wnderful and is gd fr yur stmach and skin. In the suthern part f China, peple pick tea leaves n the days f rain. The tea leaves that are 9 during Grain Rain are called Grain Rain tea, which is ppular with peple. They are 10 fr their freshness and fragrance (香味). It’s als said that drinking tea during Grain Rain wuld prevent bad luck.
1．D 2．A 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．D 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．A【文章大意】本文主要介绍了中国二十四节气中的谷雨，包括其时间、特点、对农业的重要性以及相关的习俗，如吃香椿炒鸡蛋和采摘谷雨茶等。1．句意：谷雨通常在4月20日开始，5月5日结束。2．句意：这个节气结束后，会有更多炎热的天气。3．句意：所以如果你在这个节气出去，你可能需要带一把雨伞。4．句意：中国人有句谚语：“谷雨不种田，心里像蟹爬。”5．句意：这意味着如果你错过了种植的时间，以后你会感到遗憾。6．句意：它给农民带来了来年丰收的好运。7．句意：谷雨期间还有许多有趣的习俗。8．句意：这就是为什么很多人在市场上寻找香椿。9．句意：在谷雨期间采摘的茶叶被称为谷雨茶，深受人们喜爱。10．句意：它们以其新鲜和香味而闻名。
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Have yu ever wndered why thinking t much makes yu tired? A new study has fund ut sme 11 t this questin. Researchers frm the Paris Brain Institute studied why t much mental effrt makes us 12 . They fund that when peple think a lt, the brain gives ff a chemical called glutamate (谷氨酸). T much glutamate disturbs (扰乱) the brain’s functins (功能). It 13 the brain tells the bdy it is tired and that it must rest. Peple wh spend mre than six hurs wrking n a task that 14 a lt f thughts are mre likely t feel tired. A perid f rest allws the brain t return t nrmal. This explains why a nap (小睡) is 15 fr us. A nap can be as shrt as 20 minutes, 16 it can make us feel cmpletely refreshed. The research team lked at the behavir f 40 participants in their research. Twenty-fur f these had t perfrm challenging tasks. These 17 lking at a cmputer screen and matching different letters that appeared. The ther 16 participants did a similar, but 18 task. Bth grups wrked fr six hurs, and
11．A．answersB．ways C．curses D．results12．A．happyB．excitedC．tired D．relaxed13．A．tellsB．means C．asks D．says14．A．requiresB．reducesC．Refuses D．recrds15．A．famusB．late C．ready D．gd16．A．rB．but C．thugh D．s17．A．includedB．Caused C．frmed D．allwed18．A．easierB．busier C．bigger D．heavier19．A．jbsB．breaks C．classes D．lessns20．A．give utB．put ut C．find ut D．pint ut
had tw ten-minute 19 . The researchers scanned (扫描) the brains f the participants. They fund that the grup wh had the mre difficult task had higher levels f glutamate in their brain. Study authr Antnius Wiehler said, “It wuld be great t 20 mre abut hw glutamate levels are restred (恢复).” He asked, “Is sleep helpful? Hw lng d breaks need t be t have a psitive effect?”
11．A 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．D 16．B 17．A 18．A 19．B 20．C【文章大意】本文主要介绍了为什么过度思考会让人感到疲劳的研究。11．句意：一项新的研究为这一问题找到了一些答案。12．句意：巴黎脑研究所的研究人员研究了为什么过多的脑力劳动会让我们感到疲劳。13．句意：它意味着大脑会告诉身体它累了，必须休息。14．句意：花六个小时以上的时间完成一项需要大量思考的任务的人更容易感到疲劳。15．句意：这就解释了为什么小睡对我们有益。16．句意：午睡时间可以短至 20 分钟，但却能让我们感觉神清气爽。17．句意：其中包括观看电脑屏幕并对出现的不同字母进行配对。18．句意：其他16名参与者完成了类似但更简单的任务。19．句意：两个小组都工作了六个小时，并有两次十分钟的休息时间。20．句意：如果能进一步了解谷氨酸水平是如何恢复的，那就太好了。give ut散发；put ut灭火；
Anyne wh prepares fr an exam will have t plan and study accrding t a timetable. What is the best time f the day t study? Fr sme, it is the daytime; fr thers, it’s at night.  After a gd night’s sleep, peple have mre 21 and becme mre active during the day. It is easy t 22 with teachers, friends, and thers t ask any questins that yu may have. Furthermre, the natural 23 yu get during the day is better than the artificial (人工的) light that yu use at night. On the ther hand, 24 during the night can als be beneficial. During the night, the envirnment is very quiet. This creates a setting t study 25 . When yu study during the night, yur creativity will 26 and this in turn will help yu t understand 27 easily. Yur ability will als be 28 . Hwever, the best time t study is different frm peple t peple. Whatever the time yu chse t study, it is imprtant t  be careful. First, set a gal and 29 cncentrating (集中注意力). Next, give yurself enugh time t study and rganize yur study. Abve all, be 30 and have cnfidence in yurself. Then, n ne can stp yu frm achieving yur aims.
21．A．timeB．energy C．talent D．freedm22．A．cnnectB．share C．cmmunicateD．cmpare23．A．windB．light C．envirnmentD．sund24．A．studyingB．readingC．sleepingD．exercising25．A．impatientlyB．seriuslyC．carelesslyD．peacefully26．A．disappearB．increaseC．reduce D．express27．A．knwledgeB．differencesC．technlgyD．advantages28．A．badB．weak C．great D．nrmal29．A．get nB．wrk nC．call n D．keep n30．A．carelessB．psitiveC．gratefulD．negative
21．B 22．C 23．B 24．A 25．D 26．B 27．A 28．C 29．D 30．B【文章大意】本文主要介绍了白天学习和晚上学习的好处。21．句意：睡个好觉后，人们会有更多的精力，白天也会变得更加活跃。22．句意：很容易与老师、朋友和其他人沟通，问你可能有的任何问题。23．句意：你白天得到的自然光比你晚上使用的人造光要好。24．句意：另一方面，晚上学习也可能是有益的。25．句意：这创造了一个和平学习的环境。26．句意：当你在晚上学习时，你的创造力会增加，这反过来会帮助你更容易地理解知识。27．句意：当你在晚上学习时，你的创造力会增加，这反过来会帮助你更容易地理解知识。28．句意：你的能力也会很棒。29．句意：首先，设定一个目标并保持专注。30．句意：最重要的是，要积极乐观，对自己有信心。
Autumn is here. Why nt head utdrs and discver the wrld f fungi (真菌)? Fungi are almst everywhere. They are nt just under ur feet when we g fr a walk, but living n 31 f things, even in the air we breathe. Autumn is the 32 time fr all kinds f fungi t grw.There is n dubt that fungi are nt animals since 33 has seen them mving arund. “Then they have t be sme kind f plant,” yu may think, but n. they are nt plants because they d nt 34 their wn fd frm sunlight and air. Instead, they get fd by digesting (消化) wd, leaves and dead things. 35 fungi are nt animals r plants, then what are they? Well, scientists put fungi in their wn kingdm, 36 separate frm animals and plants. Fungi cme in all 37 , clrs and frms. Scientists think that there are at least 1.5 millin kinds f fungi in ttal. Humans have fund nly abut 100,000 kinds. “I never knw what I might find in the frest,” said Greg Mueller, an expert in fungi.When referring t vegetables, fungi are cmmnly knwn as mushrms. Mushrms are delicius fd, but yu shuld never eat wild mushrms. Eating wild mushrms may 38 sickness r even death. The nly way t knw if a mushrm is 39 is t have an expert take a gd lk at it. 40 that, never eat even a tiny bit. The wrld f fungi is fascinating.
31．A．lksB．surfacesC．tastes32．A．bestB．wrst C．slwest33．A．smebdyB．everybdyC．nbdy34．A．eatB．buy C．make35．A．If B．ThughC．Unless36．A．luckilyB．cmpletelyC．sadly37．A．placesB．dates C．shapes38．A．lead tB．stick tC．g t39．A．deliciusB．safe C．fresh40．A．AfterB．DuringC．Befre
31．B 32．A 33．C 34．C 35．A 36．B 37．C 38．A 39．B 40．C【文章大意】本文主要介绍了秋天是发现真菌的好时机，真菌的特性以及食用野生蘑菇的风险。31．句意：当我们散步时，它们不仅在我们的脚下，而且生活在事物的表面，甚至在我们呼吸的空气中。32．句意：秋天是各种真菌生长的最佳时间。33．句意：毫无疑问，真菌不是动物，因为没有人见过它们移动。34． 句意：它们不是植物，因为它们不从阳光和空气中制造自己的食物。35．句意：如果真菌不是动物或植物，那么它们是什么？36．句意：科学家将真菌放在一个完全独立于动物和植物的王国中。37．句意：真菌有各种形状、颜色和形式。38．句意：吃野生蘑菇可能导致疾病甚至死亡。39．句意：知道蘑菇是否安全的唯一方法是让专家仔细检查。40．句意：在此之前，绝对不要吃哪怕一小口。
In China, children like t make prmises by hking pinkies (拉钩) with each ther. They say, “A pinkie prmise must be 41 fr 100 years.” Then they may press their thumbs (拇指) tgether t cmplete the prmise. Smetimes, 42 will hk pinkies and prmise t be tgether frever.There are many guesses n the rigin (起源) f the pinkie prmise. Sme say it cmes frm a nursery rhyme (童谣). 43 say it was intrduced frm the West—brn ut f a lve stry where a man and a wman hked fingers.One thery (理论) is that it may have 44 t d with the rle f fingers in Chinese culture. The Chinese character fr “finger” als means “aim” (referring t peple’s thughts). S hking fingers can be seen as the exchanging f 45 .Therefre, the fingers play a(n) 46 rle in making an ath (盟约): They can nt nly be used t cmplete a prmise, but als be cut fr making a bld ath. When smene swears t heaven (对天发誓), he uses his 47 t pint t the sky. 48 , hking fingers means making a serius prmise. In sme mvies, a persn wh breaks a
41．A．recrdedB．kept C．remainedD．held42．A．enemiesB．cusinsC．cuplesD．scientists43．A．The therB．AntherC．thers D．Other44．A．smethingB．anythingC．everythingD．nthing45．A．differencesB．gifts C．thughtsD．prblems46．A．ancientB．imprtantC．pleasantD．crwded47．A．fingerB．hand C．shulderD．stmach48．A．GenerallyB．SuddenlyC．SimplyD．Pssibly49．A．upB．dwn C．ff D．behind50．A．whatB．hw C．when D．where
prmise may have his little finger cut 49 ! Of curse, this kind f thing is nt very likely t happen in real life. But we can still see 50 imprtant “pinkie prmises” can be. S next time, when yu hk pinkies with smene, yu’d better be careful with yur prmise!
41．B 42．C 43．C 44．A 45．C 46．B 47．A 48．A 49．C 50．B【文章大意】本文主要讲述在中国孩子们相互拉钩做出的承诺以及这些承诺的意义。41．句意：他们说，一个小指的承诺要保持100年。42．句意：有时夫妻会拉钩并且承诺永远在一起。43．句意：也有人说它是从西方引进的——诞生于一个男女拉钩的爱情故事。44．句意：一种理论说，在中国的文化中，它可能与手指的角色有关。45．句意：所以拉钩可以被看作是“交换思想”。46．句意：因此，手指在宣誓中扮演着重要的角色。47．句意：当一个人对天发誓时，他用他的手指指着天空。48．句意：一般来说，拉钩意味着做一个重要的承诺。49．句意：在一些电影中，一个违背承诺的人可能会被切断手指。50．句意：但是我们仍然可以看到钩手指是多么重要。
The Silk Rad is knwn t all Chinese. It was an ancient trade way that cnnected China t ther cuntries. Alng this way, many prducts were traded, 51 spices, silk and fd. One f the mst imprtant activities f this rad was the exchange f currency (货币交换).When peple frm different places met alng the Silk Rad, they had t exchange their currencies 52 d the business. Hwever, this was nt always 53 , as the value f different currencies is greatly different.Many places had their wn currency 54 and marks, which shw their cultural histry. Fr example, the Chinese used cins with a square hle in the middle, 55 the Persians used cins with marks f their rulers. Currency exchange als led t the develpment f new technlgies. Fr example, the Chinese 56 paper mney. It was mre cnvenient (便利的) t carry than 57 cins. This creatin cmpletely changed the way peple did the 58 and made fr mdern banking develpment.Tday, the Silk Rad is n lnger in use, but it has a great 59 n ur life. By studying the currency culture n the Silk Rad, yu can get a better understanding f the wrld and the imprtance f 60 exchanges. If yu have a chance t experience it in persn, dn’t miss it.
51．A．includeB．includesC．includingD．included52．A．because fB．in rder tC．instead fD．accrding t53．A．easyB．difficultC．cheapD．expensive54．A．clrsB．sizes C．weightsD．rules55．A．whileB．thughC．until D．unless56．A．chseB．inventedC．brughtD．left57．A．smthB．rughC．lig D．heavy58．A．prjectB．businessC．shppingD．research59．A．difficultyB．differenceC．influenceD．decisin60．A．medicalB．lcal C．naturalD．cultural
51．C 52．B 53．A 54．D 55．A 56．B 57．D 58．B 59．C 60．D【文章大意】本文主要介绍了丝绸之路和货币交换的发展历史以及对现在的影响。51．句意：沿着这条路，许多产品被交易，包括香料、丝绸和食品。52．句意：当来自不同地方的人们沿着丝绸之路相遇时，他们必须交换他们的货币以完成交易。53．句意：然而，这并不总是那么容易，因为不同货币的价值差别很大。54．句意：许多地方都有自己的货币规则和标志，这显示了他们的文化历史。55．句意：例如，中国人使用中间有一个方孔的硬币，而波斯人使用带有统治者标志的硬币。56．句意：例如，中国人发明了纸币。57．句意：它比沉重的硬币携带起来更方便。58．句意：这一发明彻底改变了人们做生意的方式，促进了现代银行业的发展。59．句意：今天，丝绸之路不再使用，但它对我们的生活有很大的影响。60．句意：通过研究丝绸之路上的货币文化，你可以更好地了解世界和文化交流的重要性。
Over the last 20 years, technlgy has been used mre and mre in schls. These days, it’s 61 fr students t use cmputers r tablets. In many places, it’s nrmal fr students t lk up infrmatin n the Internet rather than using bks. 62 is technlgy really useful t students? A recent reprt by UNESCO (联合国教科文组织) 63 that using technlgy in classes may nt help as much as many peple believe.It is true that technlgy can 64 students t learn in ways that are mre interesting; it can help teachers explain difficult ideas; it can als help students wh have special needs.But UNESCO als says technlgy can be very distracting (令人分心). When students use phnes in classes, it can 65 their learning. One study shws that even just having a smartphne nearby can be distracting.The 66 f the reprt is t help imprve hw technlgy is used in educatin. The reprt says that technlgy can be 67 , but it shuldn’t be the centre f educatin. 68 , technlgy shuld be used t prperly supprt learning. “T much 69 n technlgy in educatin usually cmes at a high cst.”
61．A．amazingB．necessaryC．crrectD． cmmn62．A．AsB．Or C．But D．And63．A．rdersB．warns C．prmises D．expects64．A．allwB．remindC．frce D．advise65．A．get in the way f B．make sure fC．benefit frmD．wrk ut66．A．advantageB．gal C．cause D．backgrund67．A．excitingB．mdernC．basic D．helpful68．A．AlsB．InsteadC．hwever D．Then69．A．serviceB．imprvementC．attentinD．change70．A．clselyB．warmlyC．wisely D．peacefully
the reprt says. “We need t teach children t study bth with and withut technlgy,” says Mans, the directr behind the UNESCO reprt.Als, the reprt suggests that the best way t learn is still t wrk 70 with teachers. Wrking with ther classmates als helps students learn well. UNESCO says that mst schls shuld spend mre mney n bks, classrms and teachers.
61．D 62．C 63．B 64．A 65．A 66．B 67．D 68．B 69．C 70．A【文章大意】本文讨论了科技在教育中的使用及其影响。61．句意：这些天，学生使用电脑或平板电脑是很常见的。62．句意：但是，科技对学生真的有用吗？63．句意：联合国教科文组织最近的一份报告警告说，在课堂上使用科技可能并不像许多人认为的那样有帮助。64．句意：确实，科技可以允许学生以更有趣的方式学习。65．句意：当学生在课堂上使用手机时，它会妨碍他们的学习。66．句意：报告的目标是帮助改进科技在教育中的使用。67．句意：报告说，科技可以是有帮助的，但它不应该是教育的中心。68．句意：相反，科技应该被用来适当地支持学习。69．句意：对科技在教育中的过度关注通常会带来高昂的代价。70．句意：报告还建议，最好的学习方式仍然是与老师密切合作。
Amy and Susan bth live an average life. They have an average huse, an averageIt was a sunny afternn. Sam and his sister Lily were helping Mm 71 the rm.    “Hey, Sam,” said Mm. “Wuld yu please put these paper-twel tubes (纸巾内管) in the bin? “Sam lked at the tubes and smething came t him.” He asked “Culd I use them t make a 72 ? “Great idea!” said Mm. D we have any ther gd recycling materials?” asked Sam. Cme n. “Let’s g and see what else we can find in 73 huse”, said Mm.    Then, they walked arund in the huse and kept 74 . “This bx wuld be gd”, Sam pinted ut. But it’s full f bks. “I was ging t   75 thse bks n the shelves. Culd yu please give me a 76 ? Then yu can have the bx,” said Mm. Sam said excitedly “ 77 . “Nw I nly need several mre things.” Sam cntinued. He happily cllected all his materials. He sat n the flr, cutting and gluing all afternn.    “I like yur rbt,” said Lily. “Thanks. But his head is brken, and I can’t 78 it,” said Sam. “Hmm,” said Lily. She came up with an idea. She ran away and ran right back with an ld hat. “D yu still
71．A．fill upB．clean utC．build upD．find ut72．A．bxB．bk C．rbt D．plane73．A．urB．yur C．their D．its74．A．runningB．listeningC．cutting D．searching75．A．takeB．put C．bring D．use76．A．penB．hat C．leg D．hand77．A．That’s rightB．Nt at allC．Yu are welcmeD．N prblem78．A．seeB．get C．fix D．hit79．A．bigB．small C．perfect D．new80．A．at B．t C．fr D．with
remember this hat?” asked Lily. “I wre it when I was a baby. Nw it’s t 79 fr me.” “Thanks, it’s perfect!” said Sam. “What d yu think, Mr. Rbt?”    “I lve it,” said Mr. Rbt, in a funny vice. “Yu are really gd 80 making things ut f recycling materials.”
71．B 72．C 73．A 74．D 75．B 76．D 77．D 78．C 79．B 80．A【文章大意】本文主要讲述了山姆用家里的可回收材料做了一个机器人。71．句意：山姆和他的妹妹莉莉正在帮妈妈打扫房间。72．句意：我可以用它们来制造机器人吗？73．句意：让我们去看看我们还能在家里找到什么。74．句意：然后，他们四处走动，继续寻找。75．句意：我打算把那些书放在书架上。76．句意：你能帮我一下吗？77．句意：“好，没问题！”山姆兴奋地说。78．句意：但他的头坏了，我修不了。79．句意：现在对我来说太小了。80．句意：你真的很擅长用回收材料做东西。