2025年中考英语一轮复习 第27讲 阅读理解之记叙文 课件+练习+讲义

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从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。
6. 主旨大意题型
整体理解层面明确文体特点：记叙文是以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主，以写人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体。常见的有写人故事、叙事游记等。确定主题与中心思想：关注文章的标题、开头和结尾，寻找能够体现文章主旨的关键语句。梳理文章行文顺序：记叙文通常按时间顺序、空间顺序或事件发展的顺序来叙述。理清顺序能帮助更好地理解事件的来龙去脉和文章结构。如游记类记叙文多按空间顺序，描述在不同地点的所见所闻。
题型分析层面细节理解题精准定位：根据题干中的关键词对比信息：将选项与原文信息进行仔细对比留意修饰词：关注形容词、副词等修饰词，它们能帮助更准确地理解细节。
推理判断题 基于原文推理-结合背景和常识-注意作者意图
主旨大意题 寻找主题句-归纳各段大意-排除干扰项
记叙文的主要特点为通过生动的事例来反映生活和作者的思想感情。记叙文的表达方式常常结合了说明、议论、描写、抒情，生动形象地讲述发生在过去、现在和未来的事情。命题分布：常见的记叙文有小说、戏剧、传记、新闻报道和日记等类型。无论哪种记叙文，都囊括了事件的时间、地点、人物、事情的起因、经过和结果。记叙的手法写作顺序往往以时间顺序或按照事件的发展顺序来展开。难度分析：主要考察考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，既注重特定细节理解题的考查，又注重推理判断题的考查，也会出现词义猜测题和主旨大意及情感态度题，题目设置主旨大意题会有一定的难度， 有时需要自己根据文章大意进行推理和总结。
在记叙文的阅读过程中，要注意把握人物的情感发展过程；事件的发展线索；作者思想感情的变化过程以及时间、空间的变化。阅读时做到不漏细节，把准寓意，方能成功。对于不同内容的记叙文，要把握以下几点：
①把握记叙文需把握文章的六个要素：在阅读过程中，找出“5Ws 和 1H”；按照线索弄清事情的来龙去脉，理解了文章的脉络，理解整个故事。记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。 ②明确文章的记叙顺序：除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进。遇上倒叙的记叙文，阅读时要从事情本身的发展去理解故事情节而不要只看事件在文中出现的先后位置。
③词汇的处理遇到文中生词，如果不影响答题，直接跳过。如果涉及题目信息，则根据构词法，近义词、反义词、释义、同义替换等方法结合上下文语境进行猜词。④依附原文，切忌主观臆断答题时把握文章的线索，结合文章的主旨大意，切勿主观臆断；细节题是记叙文命题的主要题型。而寓意之类的题则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题，答对了这些题，你才有可能成功地跻身高分之列。
第一步：审读题干，提取关键信息；第二步：速读定位原文信息句，将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换；第三步：逐一核对选项，仔细辨别，得出答案。解题原则：对原文中能直接排除的进行筛选，不能直接找到的多处相关信息进行整合转换。
2.推理判断推理判断题是中考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一, 包括推理和判断两个方面，是考生失分率较高的题型。考查考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，进行逻辑推理，对文章的细节、作者的态度、意图作出正确推理判断的能力。分析今年高考题可知，推断题呈不断上升的趋势，且由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。
题型和考查角度： 高频考点：隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度。低频考点：文章出处、文章结构、目标读者。解题指导：浏览选项，首先排除对原文信息简单重复的错误选项抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信息去分析判断；整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，才能确定最佳选项。无论哪种推断形式必须立足原文，避免主观臆断。
3.观点态度类题型锁定关键词：根据题干中表达情感的形容词、副词、动词或介词短语等，如attitude（态度），disagree（不同意），hpefully（有希望的）,against（反对）, in favr f（赞成）, 迅速确定题型。解题指导：（1）认真审题，明确“谁对谁”的态度，明确答题方向（2）关注段落首尾句，推断文章和段落主题，确定观点（3）注意作者或文中人物的措辞（4）分析修饰语和字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点；（5）牢记观点态度的常见词语
4.写作意图类题型锁定关键词：根据题干关键词purpse（目的），intend t（打算），want t tell us ...（想要告诉我们），write this passage t（写这篇文章为了）迅速确定题型。解题指导：根据文章或段落主旨推断作者写作意图；根据文体推断写作意图记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开（t tell a stry, t entertain readers, t share an experience...）
5.词义猜测题型和考查角度： 1.猜测生词或熟词生义。2.猜测短语的意义。3.猜测代替词所替代的内容。4.猜测句意。解题技巧 ：1.定位文中画线处上下文。2.理解上下文，查找提示点，根据背景、上下文等线索推测生词词义。
根据定义推测词义：有时作者会通过给词汇下定义来帮助读者理解该词的基本含义，如线索词that is, r, namely, in ther wrds, that is t say, t be mre exact, t put it anther way, which is等。
根据举例推测词义：有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词such as, , fr example, fr instance, like , including, especially等。
根据对比关系或转折关系推测词义：表达对比或转折关系的词
根据同义词或并列结构推测词义： 在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调和重复，会使用意思相同或相近的词，此时，只要知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另一个词的意思。
猜测划线单词意思的方法
根据构词法推测词义： 英语中的很多词汇，尤其是不断出现的新词大多是通过构词法生成的，因此，掌握主要的构词法有助于猜测词义。
根据因果关系推测词义：因果关系时一种常见的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。根据线索词as, since, because, fr , s, therefre, due t, result in, as a result, fr this reasn, , 等可知上下句存在因果，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。
猜测划线代词意思定关键：返回原文，找到指代词，理清句子结构。找替代：根据上下文，寻找复合逻辑关系的名词、代词、短语或句子等。再核对：比较选项，找出与符合逻辑的选项。 一般来说，it/this/that指代一件事； it/he/them/they/ne/thse指代上文提到的人或事。
6.主旨大意题型题型和考查角度：主题类：文章大意题和段落大意题(概括文章或段落的主旨大意)标题类：标题判断题（选择最佳标题）。要做好主旨大意题，我们首先必须了解其正确选项和干扰选项的特征。
命题方式：What is the text mainly abut?What is the best title fr the text?What can be a suitable title fr the text?What's the mainly abut?
记叙文：纯记叙文通常没有主题句,需要读者自己领悟,从中归纳提炼;但有的在文尾作者会发表感慨、感悟或就此发表议论,主旨也就在此;还有的先发表某种议论或感慨再讲一个故事或经历,主旨就在文首。根据位置确定主题句:（1）主题句在文首文章开门见山，给出了主题句，随之用细节对其进行解释、支撑。作者在首段常常亮出观点、表明立场。大多数文章的主题句就是文章的首句,所以要认真阅读文章首句。（2）主题句在文末有的主题句放在文章的末尾,先摆出事实细节，最后总结, 从而形成强有力的结论, 要求考生耐心地读完全文。有时主题句首尾呼应，开篇先提出主题，结尾再次升华主题。
中考记叙文常考标题归纳题型最佳标题应具备以下三大特征：① 概括--准确而又简短;② 针对性--标题外延正好与文章内容相符;③ 题目--能引发读者的阅读欲望。三大方法：① 正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨；② 反面否定法：撇开原文，设想各选项写出来应是什么样的文章，然后和原文比对，逐一排除不符项；③ 研读备选项：认真研读备选项里的中心词、结构、概括性、修饰词的变化，查看与中心思想是否相符。
Hw time flies! Graduatin (毕业) is cming fr ninth-graders! During the last three years, what was yur highlight (高光时刻) f middle schl? Sme students in ur schl were invited t share their stries. Jack, Class 2When I was in Grade Eight, ur schl celebrated its 75th birthday. I was asked t make vides fr the celebratin. Every day at lunch time, I tk phts and made vides arund the schl. When I watched the vide I made at the celebratin ceremny, I felt prud. It was my highlight. Lucy, Class 4I’m n my schl dancing team. The team is like a family t me. In the daily training, all the members practice hard. We always help each ther and encurage each ther. Thanks t all ur hard wrk, we have wn many prizes. They are the highlights f my time in middle schl. Kate, Class 5I still remember ur charity (慈善) sale. Our class needed t buy things and sell them, then give away
1．Jack _______ fr the celebratin f his schl’s 75th birthday.A．drew pictures.B．made vides C．interviewed parents D．said blessing wrds2．Lucy’s dancing team wn many prizes because f _______.A．hard wrkB．kind teachersC．great talentsD．special chances3．Kate’s class held a charity sale t help _______.A．animals in the frestB．ld peple in her cityC．students withut tysD．children in pr areas
all the mney we made t children in sme pr areas. The sale was a great success. We made ver 1,000 yuan and I tk pride in ur class and its team spirit. It was my highlight.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了学校的一些学生分享他们高光时刻的故事。1．细节理解题。根据“When I watched the vide I made at the celebratin ceremny, I felt prud.”可知，杰克为学校75岁生日的庆祝活动制作了视频。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Thanks t all ur hard wrk, we have wn many prizes.”可知，露西的舞蹈队由于努力工作赢得了许多奖项。故选A。3．细节理解题。根据“Our class needed t buy things and sell them, then give away all the mney we made t children in sme pr areas.”可知，凯特的班级举行了一场慈善义卖来帮助贫困地区的孩子们。故选D。
Life has darkness smetimes, s we have t give ut light by urselves t make us find ur way in the darkness.When I was in primary schl, I made up my decisin that I must g t the best junir high schl in my city. But things dn’t always g as planned. I had pr grades and fund it hard t even finish my basic hmewrk.
All the hard wrk paid ff. I entered my dream schl finally. Nw, every mrning, I dress up in my new schl unifrm and leave hme prudly. I have met fantastic friends and patient teachers in my new schl.Smetimes we have t be ur wn light t lead ur whle life.
My classmates laughed at me when we were talking abut ur dreams. “Yu will never make it, Serena,” they said. My teacher came t stp them. But after she heard abut what they had made fun f, she tried t tell me hw difficult it wuld be t get int that schl t. “That was all my students’ dream,” she said. “But nly a few f them have realized it.”
I didn’t want t give up. I studied hard with my might. I lked thrugh the library bks fr mre answers t the same questin. I stayed up late t slve math prblems. I read English nvels t increase my vcabulary (词汇). I used all my pcket mney t buy exercise bks t rich my knwledge.
4．What was Serena’s dream?A．T becme a teacher.B．T get gd grades.C．T enter the excellent schl.D．T finish the basic hmewrk.5．What did the teacher think f Serena’s dream?A．It was great.B．It was funny.C．It must cme true.D．It was hard t achieve.6．What made Serena achieve her dream?A．Her hard wrk.B．Her gd luck.C．Friends’ supprt.D．Her clever mind.
【答案】4．C 5．D 6．A【导语】本文讲述了作者通过自己的努力和坚持，克服了学习上的困难，最终实现了进入自己理想初中的梦想的故事。4．细节理解题。根据“When I was in primary schl, I made up my decisin that I must g t the best junir high schl in my city.”可知，Serena的梦想是进入所在城市最好的初中。故选C。5．细节理解题。根据“But after she heard abut what they had made fun f, she tried t tell me hw difficult it wuld be t get int that schl t.”可知，老师认为这个梦想很难实现。故选D。6．细节理解题。根据“I didn’t want t give up. I studied hard with my might.”及“All the hard wrk paid ff. I entered my dream schl finally.”可知，Serena通过努力学习实现了她的梦想。故选A。
D yu like keeping pets at hme? When I was little, I really wanted t have a pet dg, but my mther disagreed because my father is allergic (过敏的) t dg hair. I was in sadness. Then n the mrning f my twelfth birthday, my father gave me a big bx as a present. I culd hardly lift it up. My father helped me put the bx n the table. Then I pened it carefully. I culdn’t believe my eyes when I saw what was inside. There was a small white dg lying still! “Ww! A dg?” I hugged my father happily. “Thank yu, Dad. This is the best gift I have ever gt.”“Jessica, it is P, a rbtic dg,” my father said.“A rbtic dg?” I said in surprise because it was s lifelike. I lked clsely fr a while and fund that it was really a rbtic dg! “Dad, it’s s cl!”Dad placed it n the flr and pressed the tiny pwer buttn (按钮). Then the dg came t life. It std up, pened its eyes and lked int me. I tuched its head gently, then it lifted its ears and mved its tail back and frward. When I stpped, it put its nse against my hand.Even after it was trained, its actins were smetimes unexpected. Smetimes, when I asked it t sit r
7．Why did the writer’s mther disagree with having a pet dg?A．Because her mther dislikes dgs.B．Because her mther is afraid f dgs.C．Because her father dislikes dgs.D．Because her father is allergic t dg hair.8．Which f the fllwing shws hw the writer’s feelings changed ver time?A．Upset→happy→surprised.B．Happy→surprised→sad. C．Happy→sad→surprised. D．Upset→surprised→happy.9．Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut the passage?A．P culd be trained well. B．P culdn’t always fllw the writer’s rder.C．P had its thughts r feelings.D．P culd mve its tail left and right.10．What’s the best title f this passage?A．A Stry abut a Rbtic DgB．A Way t Make a Rbtic DgC．An Intrductin f a Rbtic DgD．An Activity f a Rbtic Dg
lie dwn, it wuld simply bark at me, just like a real dg. Thugh I did nt believe that the dg really had thughts r feelings, it has becme my gd friend. And it left me with many sweet memries.
【答案】7．D 8．A 9．B 10．A【导语】本文主要讲述了作者收到一只机器狗作为礼物的故事。7．细节理解题。根据第一段“When I was little, I really wanted t have a pet dg, but my mther disagreed because my father is allergic (过敏的) t dg hair.”可知，作者的母亲不同意她养宠物狗，是因为她的父亲对狗毛过敏。故选D。8．细节理解题。根据第一段“I was in hugged my father happily.”和第三段“I said in surprise”可知，作者的感情变化是：难过→高兴→惊讶。故选A。9．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Even after it was trained, its actins were smetimes unexpected. Smetimes, when I asked it t sit r lie dwn, it wuld simply bark at me, just like a real dg.”可知，有时，当作者让P坐下或躺下时，它就只会对作者吠叫，就像一只真正的狗一样。由此推知，P不能总是听从作者的命令。故选B。10．标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了作者收到一只机器狗作为礼物的故事。因此，选项A“一个关于机器狗的故事”是最佳标题。故选A。
11．Hw did the writer feel after hearing the news abut the Chang’e-6 spacecraft?A．He was wrried.B．He felt lucky t be part f it.C．He wanted t d mre fr ur cuntry.D．He was full f hpe fr the future wrk.12．Which f the fllwing pictures shws the meaning f the underlined part best?A． B． C． D． 13．What will the writer d next in the base?A．Play sprts.B．Have a rest.C．Plant flwers.D．See the dctr.14．What is the passage mainly abut?A．The writer’s imaginatin.B．The writer’s jb.C．The writer’s plan.D．The writer’s hbby.
【答案】11．D 12．C 13．D 14．A【导语】本文主要讲述了作者听到嫦娥六号的新闻后，对中国未来的太空工作充满了希望，并且描述了他在月球上的生活。11．细节理解题。根据“It brught us a big gift—the sil samples (土壤样本) frm the far side f the mn. This will be a lt f help t China’s future space wrk.”可知作者听到嫦娥六号成功带回月球土壤样本，对未来的太空工作充满希望，故选D。12．细节理解题。根据“What will the base be like? What will I d if I g there?”及“Imagine it’s my first mnth n the mn.”可知作者在脑海里想象各种可能的情况，故选C。13．推理判断题。根据“Oh, my phne rings. The dctr f the health centre in the base asks me t d a physical exam (体检).”可推知作者接下来会去见医生进行体检，故选D。14．主旨大意题。本文围绕作者对未来月球基地生活的想象展开，因此主要讲述的是作者的想象，故选A。
15．Why did the minister ask the king f Chu the puzzle?A．Because he wanted t make the king laugh.B．Because he wanted t test the king’s wisdm.C．Because he wanted t knw the answer t the puzzle.D．Because he wanted the king t manage the state affairs.16．What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut?A．The fd the bird usually eats.B．What the bird lks like.C．The reasn why the bird never sings r flies.D．The bird’s different living habits.17．What’s the best Chinese title fr the passage?A．老马识途B．卧薪尝胆C．一鸣惊人D．邯郸学步
【答案】15．D 16．C 17．C【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了楚王三年不理朝政，大臣用谜题提醒他，楚王通过谜题答案告诉大臣他在等待合适时机。半年后，楚王开始治理国家，楚国变得越来越好。告诉我们不要仓促形式，要有耐心，仔细考虑并制定计划才能取得更好的结果。15．推理判断题。根据“The king f Chu has been a king fr three years, but he never managed the state affairs.”和“There is a bird living in the Nanshan Muntain. It never sings r flies. Why?”可推测，大臣想通过这个谜题提醒楚王管理国家事务。故选D。16．主旨大意题。根据“In rder t make its wings strnger, it never flies. And t understand the situatins, it never sings.”可知，第二段主要告诉我们鸟儿不唱歌不飞的原因。故选C。17．最佳标题题。通读全文并根据“Instead f rushing int things, we shuld think carefully and make plans. Only in this way can we achieve better results.”可知，文章以南山之鸟的故事寓意“不鸣则已，一鸣惊人”。选项C最适合当标题。故选C。