专题02 动词、动词短语-2025年中考英语二轮复习讲练（全国通用）

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考点一 动词基本形式
1．（2024·甘肃兰州·中考真题）I dn’t have a vlleyball, but my brther Jim (d).
2．（2023·江苏扬州·中考真题）It seems that families are mre and mre time tgether. (spend)
3．（2024·四川凉山·中考真题）On April 26, three astrnauts frm Shenzhu-18 (succeed) in entering the space statin and met the astrnauts in Shenzhu-17.
4．（2024·江苏苏州·中考真题）I have (邀请) the whle class f children, s n ne feels unhappy.
动词的五种基本形式
注意：动词的过去式、过去分词的不规则变化形式详见课本后“不规则动词表”
考点二 动词分类
1．（2022·江苏无锡·中考真题）—Dad, what’s fr dinner? It ________ nice!
—I’m cking chicken sup.
A．tastesB．smellsC．lksD．feels
2．（2023·四川甘孜·中考真题）Mike made faces t make his little brther __________.
A．laughsB．laughC．t laughD．laughing
3．（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）Fan Jinshi has ________ a large part f her life t researching and prtecting the ancient Dunhuang caves. She is knwn t many as the “Daughter f Dunhuang”.
A．paidB．dnatedC．brughtD．devted
4．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）I culdn’t ________ what else he has t say. Everyne knws that’s a lie.
A．suppseB．imagineC．realizeD．cnsider
5．（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）The mvie Chang An _________ China’s rich histry and culture t peple arund the wrld.
A．prtectsB．cmparesC．intrducesD．discvers
6．（2023·山东枣庄·中考真题） . Dn’t push yurself s hard.
放轻松。别把自己逼太紧。
7．（2024·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）Bb set ut n his new jurney this mrning. (改为一般疑问句)
Bb ut n his new jurney this mrning?
考向1.实义动词
动词根据其后能否接宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。如下表：
考向2.助动词
助动词本身没有意义，不能单独作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语，表示时态、语态、语气等。
考向3.系动词
系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成系表结构来说明主语的身份、性质、状态。具体分类如下：
考向4.实义动词词义辨析
实义动词词义辨析主要是通过上下文考查其在语境中的辨析。
解答语境辨析类试题时，首先要确定每个动词的含义，然后分析语境，找出关键词或前后存在的逻辑关系，确定答案。因此考生在平时的学习过程中，需要重点积累并掌握实义动词的词义及用法。
考点三 情态动词
1．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）— ________ yu shw me hw t play the vilin, Suzy? — N prblem.
A．CanB．ShuldC．MustD．Need
2．（2023·辽宁抚顺·中考真题）The lvely by ________ ride the bike at the age f six.
A．mustB．culdC．needD．shuld
3．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）When yu make a fresh salad, yu ______ add yur favrite fruit if yu wuld like t.
A．mayB．shuldC．mustD．have t
4．（2023·山东菏泽·中考真题）—Where are yu ging this summer vacatin?
—I ________ g t Zib, but I’m nt sure.
A．mustB．needn’tC．might
5．（2024·四川成都·中考真题）Having an ice-cream in the ht summer ________ be cl.
A．mustB．needC．can’t
6．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）Shh… ! This is a library. Yu ________ keep yur vice dwn.
A．canB．can’tC．shuldD．shuldn’t
7．（2024·江苏南通·中考真题）—Must I use pink t paint my bedrm?
—N, yu ________. Yu can use any clur yu like,
A．can’tB．mustn’tC．shuldn’tD．needn’t
8．（2022·江苏淮安·中考真题）—Miss Li. I dn’t want t say srry t Daniel.
—I’m afraid yu ________. After all, yu brke his glasses.
A．mayB．have tC．mustn’tD．needn’t
9．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）Lili ________ be at hme. She has gne t the farm t pick apples.
A．mustn’tB．can’tC．mustD．can
10．（2023·山东日照·中考真题）Yu had better （解释）it t ur teacher, nt t me.
【拓展】
（1）由Must引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must或have t，否定回答用needn't或dn't have t。
（2）May/Might I…?表示请求时，否定回答用mustn't或can't。
（3）由Need引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must或have t，否定回答用needn't。
（4）由Culd引导的一般疑问句，回答用can或can't，不用culd。
考点四 动词短语
1．（2024·江苏淮安·中考真题）—I think yur grandfather shuld ________ smking.
—I agree. Smking is bad fr his health.
A．put upB．give upC．pick upD．take up
2．（2024·江苏常州·中考真题）—Which schl club shuld I chse?
—It ______ what skills yu want t develp.
A．takes nB．carries nC．puts nD．depends n
3．（2024·江苏扬州·中考真题）Many think SOS is shrt fr “save ur ship”, but it desn’t really ________ anything.
A．lk frB．stand frC．pay frD．try fr
4．（2024·江苏连云港·中考真题）T live a green life, we shuld remember t _________ the lights when we leave a rm.
A．turn nB．turn ffC．turn upD．turn dwn
5．（2024·湖北武汉·中考真题）—Ben, help me ________ the bk frm the shelf, will yu? It’s ut f my reach.
—With pleasure.
A．take dwnB．thrw awayC．lk thrughD．hand ut
6．（2024·四川·中考真题）In China, peple usually ________ their huses befre the Spring Festival.
A．clean upB．lk upC．take upD．put up
7．（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）—I think peple shuld stp ________ trees.
—I agree. Instead, mre trees shuld be planted t prtect the envirnment.
A．lying dwnB．cutting dwnC．turning dwn
8．（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）—Tny, cme ver. What d the letters “KIT” mean in the text message?
—Dn’t yu knw that, Amy? They ________ “keep in tuch”.
A．ask frB．g frC．stand frD．search fr
9．（2024·山东滨州·中考真题）—Mum, wuld yu like t help me clear ut these ld clthes?
—Oh, they are still in gd cnditin. Let’s _________ t peple in need.
A．give them awayB．wash them away
C．thrw them awayD．keep them away
10．（2024·山东东营·中考真题）—Dr. Knw, I can’t keep my sn away frm the screen. What shuld I d?
—By ding creative activities with him, he may nt ________ the screen t much.
A．call nB．pay frC．depend nD．believe in
考向1.同一介词/副词型
考向2.同一动词型
考向3 混合型
混合辨析，即选项通常设置为“不同动词+不同介词/副词”，需要考生熟记动词短语。
一、单项选择
1．Fr yur safety, yu ______ wear the car belt and slw dwn while driving n highways.
A．mightB．canC．needD．must
2．Tu Yuyu is the first Chinese t ________ the Nbel Prize in science.
A．winB．presentC．discverD．invent
3．China’s Beidu System can nw be directly ________ t mbile phnes, s we can find where the phnes are even when there’s n signal.
A．cnnectedB．reprtedC．devtedD．pinted
4．—Many yung peple can’t ________ t buy huses in big cities in China.
—Exactly.
A．fferB．effrtC．affectD．affrd
5．—Why dn’t yu jin ur schl basketball team?
—Because they dn’t ______ students ver the age f 15.
A．prvideB．refuseC．acceptD．cntrl
6．—If yu always ________ yurself with thers, yu may have tns f pressure.
—I feel the same way. One shuld believe in himself.
A．cnnectB．cmplainC．cmpareD．cnsider
7．I’m surprised t knw that camels ________ live withut water fr a lng time.
A．can `B．shallC．mustD．need
8．An English-Chinese dictinary is a bk that gives a list f English wrds in rder and ______ their meanings in Chinese.
A．createsB．imagines
C．impressesD．explains
9．—Fr a cuntry t be strng, gd educatin ________.
—That’s fr sure. Our cuntry has put great effrts int it.
A．mindsB．mattersC．agreesD．accepts
10．—Let’s g and get smething delicius t eat. What d yu ________?
—Hw abut Biled Fish with Sichuan Pickles?
A．insistB．imagineC．suppseD．suggest
11．Vlunteering allws vlunteers t meet new peple, try ut new things and ________ career chices.
A．explreB．requireC．missD．cntrl
12．Yu ________ bring an umbrella. The radi says it’s nt ging t rain this afternn.
A．mustn’tB．needn’tC．shuldn’tD．can’t
13．—Des the htel ________ free breakfast fr all the guests?
—N. It’s nly fr the guests wh attend the meeting.
A．buyB．affrdC．imprveD．prvide
14．Murder Mystery Game, r “Jubensha” in Chinese, ________ players with a chance t experience different lives.
A．cversB．presentsC．cmparesD．prvides
15．My best friend always ________ me writing hmewrk when ur teachers are speaking.
A．advisesB．suggestsC．cnsidersD．prevents
16．Dn’t be a bkwrm. We shuld ________ the knwledge we get frm bks with ur life.
A．devteB．cnnectC．expressD．create
17．— I’m thinking abut hw t spend the weekend. What d yu ________?
— Hw abut ging camping with us? We can have fun tgether.
A．insistB．imagineC．suggestD．suppse
18．If children spend several hurs playing utdrs every day, they can ________ the chance f having pr eyesight.
A．regretB．reduceC．refuseD．renew
19．Yu _________ g t the library t renew the bk. Online service is much easier and faster.
A．mustn’tB．can’tC．shuldn’tD．needn’t
20．—What a pity! A 4-year-ld by was hit by a truck when playing by the rad.
—I agree that, t parents, children’s safety ________ be paid t much attentin t.
A．mustn’tB．can’tC．needn’tD．shuldn’t
21．—Are yu ready fr taking part in the Aespa’s shw?
—N. It is easy t ________ a play but difficult t act it ut.
A．make upB．take upC．g upD．put up
22．Labur plays an imprtant rle in develping students’ view f the wrld and life. That’s why we need t _________ labur educatin at schl.
A．take upB．carry utC．wrk frD．wrk ut
23．The thief ______ a huse thrugh the windw but was caught at last.
A．brke intB．brke inC．brke dwnD．brke ut
24．Dn’t ________ yur cat, Tina. It’s easy t catch a cld in spring.
A．take ffB．take awayC．take nD．take ut
25．T many traffic accidents happened at the crner f the street. S let’s ________ a sign t warn the drivers.
A．put inB．put upC．put utD．put thrugh
26．—Yu made truble again, Andy!
—Dn’t be angry with the by. Lk! He felt s guilty that his head ________.
A．came dwnB．fell dwnC．hung dwnD．brke dwn
27．Suzy ______ a picture f clurful ballns with scissrs. Hw beautiful it was!
A．ran utB．cut utC．handed utD．fund ut
28．Mr. Li ________ a bkshelf at the back f ur classrm t make us a mini reading crner.
A．picked upB．gt upC．put upD．lked up
29．—Iranian President ________ in a helicpter crash (直升机坠毁) n May 19th, 2024.
—I’m srry t hear that.
A．tk awayB．put awayC．passed awayD．gt away
30．—I will miss yu when I g abrad fr further study this autumn.
—Dn’t wrry, yu can ________ me by email.
A．cme up withB．make friends withC．get alng withD．keep in tuch with
考情
分析
考点分布
动词的形式变化：涵盖原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。像一般现在时的第三人称单数变化、现在进行时的现在分词构成等，都是考查热点，常出现在语法填空、单词拼写这类题目中。动词分类及用法：实义动词（及物与不及物）、Be动词、助动词、情态动词。学生要掌握不同类别动词的用法，比如情态动词后接动词原形，及物动词可直接加宾语等，在单项选择、句型转换中会涉及。动词词组：常见类型有动词+介词、动词+副词、动词+副词+介词等。像“lk frward t”“give up”这类词组，其含义和用法是考查重点，常出现在单项选择、完形填空中。
题型分布
主要出现在单项选择、完形填空、语法填空、词语运用和短文填词等题型中。
考法与
比重
动词和动词词组在中考英语中占比大，几乎贯穿所有题型。单项选择中占一定比例；完形填空、阅读理解中，对它们的理解影响对文章的理解；语法填空常考动词形式；书面表达中，其正确运用是评分关键。
命题
规律
语境化
题目常设置真实语境，让学生根据上下文判断动词形式和意义。比如在完形填空中，给出一段校园生活场景，学生要根据情境选合适动词。
综合化
将动词与其他语法知识结合考查，如动词时态和语态结合，或和非谓语动词一起考查，检验学生综合运用知识的能力。
高频化
一些高频动词和词组反复考查，像“make”“take”“put”等构成的词组，学生要重点掌握。
生活化
选材贴近学生生活，如家庭、学校、社交等，考查学生在生活场景中运用动词和动词词组的能力，让学生用英语解决实际问题。
基本形式
变化规则
示例
动词原形
词典中一般给出的形式
d, learn, run, play
第三人称单数形式
一般在动词后直接加-s
run→runs, think→thinks
以ch, sh, s, , x结尾的动词后加-es
teach→teaches, wash→washes,
g→ges, pass→passes, mix→mixes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先将y变成i，再加-es
study→studies, carry→carries
不规则变化
be→is, have→has
动词的-ing形式
一般在动词后直接加-ing
read→reading, ck→cking
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing
live→living, write→writing
以重读闭音节结尾的动词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母后加-ing
sit→sitting, begin→beginning
少数几个以ie结尾的动词要先变ie为y，再加-ing（初中共3个）
die→dying, lie→lying, tie→tying
过去式和过去分词（规则变化）
一般在动词后直接加-ed
wrk→wrked, play→played
以字母e结尾的动词，直接加-d
invite→invited, prmise→prmised
以重读闭音节结尾的动词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母后加-ed
stp→stpped, plan→planned
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先将y变为i，再加-ed
carry→carried, study→studied
类别
含义
示例
例句
及物动词
及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。
lve， need，ask， want， have, play
Jane usually plays the pian n Saturdays.
不及物 动词
不及物动词自身意思完整，无须接宾语。
happen， cme， run， wrk
Nbdy knws what will happen next.
助动词
句法功能
例句
be动词（am, is,are）/（was,were）
构成现在进行时
Jimmy is playing basketball with his friends.
构成过去进行时
Li Ming was sleeping when his father came back.
构成被动语态
Parking is nt allwed here.
d/des/did
构成疑问句、否定句
D yu like the bk yur mther bught fr yu?
用于倒装句
Seldm des he cme late.
构成否定祈使句
Dn't make any nise in the library.
代替主要动词
I dn't like eating ndles, but my brther des.
have/has/had
构成完成时
Tm has played sccer n the playgrund fr a lng time.
will/shall/ wuld
构成将来时
There will be mre helpful rbts in the future.
类别
示例
例句
表示状态的系动词
be
My father is a teacher.
表示持续的系动词
keep， remain， lie， stay
My grandparents take exercise every mrning t keep healthy.
感官系动词
lk， sund， feel， smell， taste
The new clth feels smth and sft.
表示状态变化的系动词
becme， get，turn， g， grw
In spring，trees begin t turn green.
fr短语
ask fr 请求care fr关心；关怀 leave fr动身去 cheer fr为……加油 pay fr为……付钱
prepare fr为……做准备 search fr搜寻；寻找send fr派人去请
stand fr代表；象征 wait fr等待thanks fr因……而感谢
up短语
add up加起来；合计bring up提出；养育；培养 cheer up使振奋clean up清理；打扫
use up用完；用尽 call up打电话 dress up穿上盛装；装扮eat up吃光
end up最终成为；最后处于 fix up修理；修补stay up熬夜 tidy up整理；收拾
grw up成长；长大hurry up赶快
ut短语
blw ut 吹灭 break ut（战争、火灾等）突然发生；爆发 pint ut指出
bring ut使显现；使变得明显carry ut 执行；贯彻 find ut查明；发现
dwn短语
break dwn停止运转；出故障calm dwn平静下来 slw dwn放慢速度
die dwn变弱；逐渐消失fall dwn倒塌；跌倒 knck dwn拆除；撞倒；击倒
lie dwn躺下pull dwn拆掉；拆毁 lk dwn俯视；轻视 sit dwn坐下
shut dwn关闭；停业 write dwn写下；记下
away 短语
blw away驱散；吹走get away离开；逃脱 pass away去世 fly away飞走run away逃跑
thrw away扔掉
abut短语
argue abut争论bring abut引起；造成 care abut关心；在意 hear abut听说
hang abut闲逛talk abut谈论think abut考虑wrry abut担心
at短语
aim at瞄准；旨在laugh at嘲笑 arrive at到达（小地方）knck at敲
pint at 指向……smile at冲……微笑 shut at对……大喊凝视；盯着看
ff短语
run ff流失；逃跑drp ff入睡；下降 fall ff减少；跌落leave ff停止；中断
shut ff关闭；切断pay ff偿清（欠款等）ring ff挂断电话send ff发送；邮寄
set ff动身；启程shw ff炫耀give ff（散）发出；放出（气味、热、光等）
n短语
agree n就……达成共识call n号召；拜访depend n依靠；依赖feed n以……为食
fcus n集中于hld n别挂电话；坚持keep n继续前行pass n传递try n试穿
wrk n从事于；忙于
With
短语
agree with同意begin with以……开始 cmpare with与……相比 cnnect with与……相连
catch up with追上；赶上 fall in lve with爱上（某人或某物） deal with解决；处理
g with伴随 play with和……一起玩 part with放弃；交出（难舍之物）
stay/keep in tuch with与……保持联系 share with与……分享talk with和……交谈
in短语
break in 强行闯入；打断bring in引入 check in报到；登记 fill in填写
result in导致；引起hand in上交take in吸收；收入believe in信任；信赖
cme短语
cme n 加油；快点儿cme ut 出现；出版 cme ver顺便来访
cme alng 出现；进展cme up with 提出；想出 cme back回来
cme up出现；升起cme dwn落下；崩塌 cme in进来
cme acrss（偶然）遇见cme true（希望、梦想等）实现
cut短语
cut dwn削减；砍倒cut up切碎 cut in插嘴 cut int侵犯；打断
cut ut删去；停止 cut ff切断；中断
Keep短语
keep n继续下去keep ut留在外面 keep away frm远离 keep ff使……不接近
keep up with 跟上keep in tuch with和……保持联系
lk短语
lk at看lk after 照顾；照料 lk int调查 lk ut当心；留神
lk up查阅；查找 lk fr寻找；盼望 lk arund环顾lk ver查看；检查
lk thrugh浏览 lk back回顾lk up t尊敬；钦佩 lk frward t盼望
lk ut fr留心；注意察看lk like看起来像
put短语
put up举起；搭建；张贴put dwn写下；放下put back把……放回原处
put int注入；投入put away放好 put n穿上；上演；增加put ut熄灭put ff推迟
put thrugh接通（电话）
turn短语
turn ver翻身；（使）翻转turn ut结果是；证明是turn n打开（电灯等）
turn ff关闭（电灯等）turn away把……拒之门外turn up开大；调高
turn dwn调低，关小；拒绝turn in上交；归还 turn t求助于turn arund（使）转身
get短语
get up起床get n上车（船、飞机等）get ff下车（船、飞机等）get dwn下来
get int进入；陷入get t到达 get back回来
g短语
g n继续g away走开；离开；消失 g ahead 进行；前进
g alng继续前进；沿着……走g by（时间）流逝g ver复习；仔细检查
g ff 爆炸；（警报等）响起g dwn下降g up上升；增长
g ut 熄灭；出去（娱乐）g thrugh通过g back返回
give短语
give up放弃give in屈服；让步give away捐赠；泄露give ut散发；分发
give ver停止；交出give back归还；恢复
take短语
take up占用；开始从事take dwn写下；记下take away带走；拿走
take ver接收；接管take ut拿出；除去；扣除take care f照顾
take place举行；发生take pride in以……为傲take part in参加
take after（在外貌、性格等方面）与（父母等）相像 take the place f 代替