专题04 构词法-2025年中考英语二轮复习讲练（全国通用）

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考点一 派生法
1．（2024·江苏无锡·一模）Dn’t eat t much at a time, r yu’ll feel (cmfrtable).
2．（2024·江苏泰州·一模）The man wh has made up his mind t win will never say “ ”. (pssible)
3．（2024·江苏泰州·一模）Befre Giant Panda Fu Ba returned t China, thusands f (tur) came t Everland Park t say gdbye t Fu Ba.
4．（2024·江苏无锡·二模）In Zhuhai Park, yu can enjy the natural beauty, r (simple) breathe the fresh air.
5．（2024·上海长宁·二模）Peple in that city prepared t their huses after the terrible fld. (build)
在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词，这种构词法叫作派生法。加在单词前的词缀叫前缀，加在单词后的词缀叫后缀。
考向1 前缀（前缀一般只改变词的意思而不改变其词性）
1.表否定意义的前缀
2.其他
考向2 后缀（后缀多数改变词性）
考点二 合成法
1．（2024·甘肃定西·一模）His brther is ________ by. He is very handsme.
A．a 18 years ldB．an 18-year-ldC．an 18-years-ldD．an 18 year ld
2．（2023·江苏南京·一模）Which wrd is frmed in the same way as “weekend”?
A．unableB．inventinC．helplessD．nticebard
3．（2024·广西桂林·一模）Which wrd is frmed in the same way as “newspaper”?
A．sprtsmanB．unhappyC．agreement
4．（21-22九年级上·江苏苏州·期中）Which f the fllwing is NOT a cmpund wrd?
A．helplessB．wartimeC．hard-wrkingD．blackbard
5．（2021·江苏南京·二模）Which f the fllwing wrds is created in the same way as “blackbard”?
A．carelessB．impliteC．happinessD．bkshp
用两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词，这种构词法叫作合成法。
考点三 转化法
英语中，把一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性，这种构词法叫作转化法。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。常见的转化形式如下：
1．Dn’t be with yur sn, after all he is nly seven years ld. (patient)
2．The fisherman’s wife said t him, “Why can’t we live in a new huse? It’s unfair.” (happy)
3．Dn’t make much nise in public. It’s (plite).
4．He was an actr several years ag, but nw he becmes famus. (knw)
5．Smetimes they strngly (agree) with each ther, s they need t cmmunicate mre ften.
6．Of the fur seasns in Chngqing, spring is the mst (usual) ne, because peple are wearing all kinds f clthes. Fr example, yu can see sweaters and T-shirt s at the same time.
7．It is (plite) t speak when yu are eating things.
8．Mr Zhang, yur is excellent! Have yu ever studied abrad? (prnunce)
9．My father asked me t my hmewrk because f my pr handwriting. (write)
10．I like shpping at 9 a. m. because the supermarket is (crwd) at that time.
11．Reading alud is (help) t the students wh want t imprve their English.
12．Experience is a wealth f knwledge and a symbl f . (wise)
13．This chair really makes me (cmfrtable), s I need anther ne.
14．The magazine is a great success and it’s quite ppular with these . (read)
15．Nwadays WeChat is used amng peple f different ages. (wide)
16．The (invent) frm the university spent much f their time develping a new type f energy.
17．I am sure she failed in the cmpetitin because f the lk n her face. (happy)
18．Scientists say sme animals will sn because f the serius pllutin. (appear)
19．It’s （plite）t ask yur teachers direct questins.
20．I hpe all my are helpful t yu. (suggest)
21．The by (careless) put the cup n the table and it fell dwn.
22．The never dreamed f having a chance fr him t win the first prize in the 100-meter race. (cmpete)
23．He hit his hand (heavy) against the wall.
24．With the mney, we have sent many pr children t schl. (success)
25．I asked him t help me but he (agree).
26．Sme insects are and we shuld try nt t kill them. (harm)
27．Pr little girl! It is fr her t suffer s much. Let’s give her a hand. (fair)
28．If we dn’t take actin t prtect the frests, they will sn . (appear)
29．Yu shuld take an active part in the (discuss).
30．His mther is a nurse and his father is a (manage).
31．The man fund himself (able) t walk and felt hpeless.
32．There is a lt f (pllute) in this river.
33．She thinks a gd friend must knw her (true).
34．They are just kidding. Dn’t take it (serius).
35．As we all knw, thinking is really imprtant t students. (dependent)
36．Mst (west) peple like eating fast fd.
37．Hw thse peple deeply influenced by wars wish t live (peace)!
38．My father keeps diaries t remember his (day) life.
39．A lt f (art) perfrm plays, cncerts and peras there.
40．There are fur girls in the shp. (Germany)
考情
分析
考点分布
构词法是英语学习的重要内容，主要涉及单词的构成方式，包括转化法、派生法、合成法等。在中考英语中，构词法的考点主要分布在词汇拼写、单选、阅读理解和综合填空等题型中。
题型分布
1. 词汇拼写：直接考查学生对构词法的理解和应用，如通过加前后缀构成新词。
2. 单选：在单选题中，可能会给出一个派生词或合成词，要求学生选出正确的词义或词性。
3. 阅读理解：在阅读理解中，构词法有助于学生根据上下文推测生词的含义，从而更好地理解文章。
4. 综合填空：综合填空题中，可能会要求学生根据构词法知识填写合适的单词形式。
考法与
比重
近年来，中考英语对构词法的考查比重逐年上升。这既体现在词汇拼写和综合填空等直接考查构词法的题型中，也体现在阅读理解和单选等间接考查构词法的题型中。构词法的考查通常与语境紧密结合，要求学生在理解文章或句子的基础上，运用构词法知识解答问题。
命题
规律
语境化
构词法的考查越来越注重语境化，即要求学生在特定的语境中理解和应用构词法知识。这有助于学生更好地掌握词汇的用法和含义。
综合化
中考英语构词法的考查呈现综合化的趋势，即多种构词法知识可能会在同一道题目中出现，要求学生综合运用所学知识解答问题。
高频化
一些常见的构词法，如派生法和合成法，在中考英语中的考查频率较高。学生需要重点掌握这些构词法的基本规则和常见例词。
生活化
中考英语构词法的考查内容越来越贴近学生的生活实际，如通过构词法知识理解网络新词、科技术语等。这有助于学生将所学知识应用于实际生活中，提高英语应用能力。
前缀
示例
un-
able→unable usual→unusual
happy→unhappy
in-
crrect→incrrect expensive→inexpensive
im-
plite→implite patient→impatient
pssible→impssible
dis-
like→dislike appear→disappear
agree→disagree hnest→dishnest
nn-
smker→nn-smker native→nn-native
前缀
含义
示例
mis-
错误
understand→misunderstand
lead→mislead
re-
再；又，重复
view→review build→rebuild
write→rewrite
inter-
相互；交互在一起
net→Internet
natinal→internatinal
a-
处于……状态或过程中
live→alive
wake→awake
en-
使可能
rich→enrich
able→enable
curage→encurage
tele-
远的；电视的；电话的
cntrl→telecntrl
phne→telephne
visin→televisin
类型
后缀
示例
名词→形容词
-y
rain→rainy luck→lucky
health→healthy
wealth→wealthy
-ly
lve→lvely
friend→friendly
-us
danger→dangerus
humr→humrus
-ful
use→usefulcare→careful
help→helpful
-less词义与加-ful时相反
use→useless care→careless
-ern
west→western suth→suthern
-en
gld→glden wd→wden
-al
natin→natinal traditin→traditinal
-ish
fl→flish child→childish
名词→名词
-ist
art→artist pian→pianist tur→turist science→scientist
-hd
child→childhd neighbr→neighbrhd
-ship
leader→leadership friend→friendship
-ese
China→Chinese Japan→Japanese
-n, -an, -ian
Australia→Australian Eurpe→Eurpean music→musician
动词→名词
-er, -r, -（r）ess
teach→teacher win→winner act→actr
visit→visitr wait→waitress
-ing
paint→painting build→building crss→crssing
-ment
develp→develpment
-（t）in/-sin/去e加-atin
invite→invitatin decide→decisin discuss→discussin
动词→形容词
-able
cmfrt→cmfrtable enjy→enjyable
（去e加）-（t）ive
act→active create→creative
-（e）d
surprise→surprised interest→interested
（去e加）-ing
interest→interesting excite→exciting
形容词→名词
-ty
safe→safety
-ness
ill→illness sad→sadness kind→kindness happy→happiness
（-le变）-（il）ity
able→ability real→reality pssible→pssibility
-ce（以t结尾去t再加-ce）
imprtant→imprtance silent→silence different→difference
-th
true→truth warm→warmth
-（e）r
freign→freigner strange→stranger
形容词→副词
-ly
real→really final→finally
以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i再加-ly
happy→happily angry→angrily
heavy→heavily
以“辅音字母+le”结尾，去掉e再加-y
simple→simply terrible→terribly
cmfrtable→cmfrtably
以ll结尾，只加y
full→fully
少数以e结尾，要去掉e再加-ly
true→truly
类型
合成方式
示例
合成动词
形容词+动词
dry clean 干洗
名词+动词
sleepwalk梦游 sightsee观光
副词+动词
vercme克服
合成名词
名词+名词
basketball篮球bkshp书店
名词+动词
haircut理发 sunrise日出
动词+副词
get-tgether （非正式的）聚会，联欢会
形容词+名词
greenhuse温室
blackbard黑板
介词+名词
afternn下午
合成形容词
名词+形容词
snw-white雪白的
名词/形容词+名词+ed
warm-hearted热心的
介词+名词
undergrund地下的
名词+动词-ing形式
English-speaking说英语的
形容词/副词+动词过去分词
ready-made现成的
newbrn新生的
形容词/副词+动词-ing形式
gd-lking漂亮的
hard-wrking工作努力的
名词+动词过去分词
man-made人造的
heart-brken心碎的
数词+名词
secnd-hand 二手的
数词+名词+形容词
10-metre-lng10米长的
动词+副词
take-away外卖的
合成副词
副词+名词
upstairs在楼上
dwnstairs在楼下
合成介词
介词+名词
utside在……外面
inside在……里面
介词+副词
withut没有
thrughut自始至终；遍及
类型
示例
名词→动词
bk（n.）书→（v.）预订 hand（n.）手→（v.）上交 water（n.）水→（v.）浇水
land（n.）陆地→（v.）着陆 name（n.）名字→（v.）命名 scre（n.）分数→（v.）得分
动词→名词
ck（v.）烹饪→（n.）厨师 rain（v.）下雨→（n.）雨 walk（v.）散步，走→（n.）散步
break（v.）打破→（n.）休息 stp（v.）停止→（n.）车站 lift（v.）举起→（n.）电梯
形容词→动词
clean（adj.）干净的→（v.）打扫 pen（adj.）开放的→（v.）打开
last（adj.）最后的→（v.）持续 tidy（adj.）整洁的→（v.）使整洁
形容词→名词
right（adj.）正确的→（n.）正确 wrng（adj.）错误的→（n.）错误
back（adj.）后面的→（n.）背部，后面 light（adj.）明亮的→（n.）灯