专题20 阅读理解之议论文- 高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（天津专用）

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高考阅读理解选材来源广泛，多源于国外英文图书、报刊、网络媒体，语言地道纯正，具有鲜明的语言文化特点。体裁包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等，涉及科普、社会、文化、地理、历史、政治、经济、人文、日常生活等领域。命题主要考查细节理解、主旨大意、词义猜测及推理判断。
D篇议论文，除了文章内容的问题外，还涉及考察段落或句子在文中作用。此篇综合考查了学生的篇章结构理解、主旨提炼、信息把握及推理判断能力。难度：偏高
议论文就是说理性的文章，一般由论点、论据和论证过程组成。议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分的证据，使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。
作者在开始叙述一个现象，然后对现象进行解释。这类文章的主题是文中最重要的解释或作者所强调的解释，阅读时要注意作者给出的原因，所以又被称为原因—结果(Cause & Effect)型。还有一种比较常见的是问题—答案型，作者在一开始或一段末以问句提出一个问题(相当于一个现象)，然后给出该问题的答案(相当于解释)。针对文中问题给出的主要答案就是这种文章的中心。答题时优先考虑正面答题(直接从文章内容得出答案)，然后从中心、态度或利用解答特征等其他角度对选项进行检验；如果从文章内容中直接无法解决，则从中心和态度方面考虑；次之，从解答特征方面考虑。
考生往往最怕此类体裁。山穷水尽时，记住：首先从整体上把握文章中心和作者所持的态度，靠近中心的就是答案。
题型01 观点态度题
【题型诠释】
按照考试大纲，观点态度题主要考查“理解作者意图、观点或态度”的能力，而作者态度或观点有3种：赞成、反对或中立。
正面态度
psitive 积极的，正面的apprval/ supprtive/ favrable赞成的，支持的cnsent 同意，赞成praising 赞扬的enthusiastic 热心的ptimistic 乐观的appreciative 欣赏的affirmative 赞成的，肯定的
负面态度
negative 消极的，否定的disapprval/ unfavrable 不赞成critical 批判的pessimistic 悲观的irnic/ sneering/ scrnful 轻蔑的ppsed/ hstile 反对的，敌对的indignant 愤怒的suspicius/ skeptical/ dubtful 怀疑的cncerned/ apprehensive/ anxius 担忧的reserved 有保留的，不完全同意的glmy/ depressive 沮丧的，悲剧的questined/ questinable 问题的，疑问的puzzled/ puzzling 困惑的impersnal 无人情味的
客观态度
bjective 客观的a matter f fact 实事求是的
其他
indifferent/ impassive 漠不关心的prejudice/ biased 偏见的unprejudiced/ impartial 不偏见的cmprmising 折中的neutral 中立的ambiguus 模凌两可的partial 偏爱的，偏袒的
做这类题时，重点关注文中的转折处、带有感情色彩的形容词和副词以及情态动词（may、wuld、culd、must、need t、shuld等），这些地方通常会体现出作者态度。
当与伦理道德观念相符合，作者的情感态度是积极的，支持的，正面的。另外，一般不会成为正确答案的中性词有：①indifferent，漠不关心的意思，一般不能成为正确答案，相近词汇有：disinterested， impassive;②suspicius，怀疑的意思，相近词汇有：questined，questinable，puzzled，puzzling;③neutral 中立的意思，一般不会成为正确答案，其他中性词：uninterested impersnal, factual, impassive, partial, prejudiced, cnfused一般不会成为正确答案的褒义词和贬义词有：①sensitive，敏感的意思，这个词汇是万能选项，因为任何议论文作者必然是对论点谈论的对象是敏感的。它的相近词汇有：cncerned;②biased，有偏见的意思，相近词汇有：prejudiced;③scared，害怕的意思，相近词汇有：afraid，fearful
【典例】
（23-24高三上·天津·阶段练习）Reprts have emerged recently f cws being fed supplements (补充剂) btained frm palm il (棕榈油) t increase the butterfat cntent f milk. The practice partly respnds t the increasing demand fr butter during the pandemic when the number f milk cws has nt increased accrdingly. Thus, palmitic acid supplements, btained frm imprted palm il are given t cws.
Accrding t Dairy (乳品业的) Farmers f Canada(DFC), it is used in ther cuntries as well t “prvide energy t cws withut undesirable effects”. Experts f DFC guarantee that the milk prducts are safe and that the amunts f supplements used are very small. But based n Canadians’ cncern ver the link between butter and palm il, it appears mre cmplicated. Lts f Canadians have been deliberately trying t avid palm il in diets, nly t realize that palm il is being used in the dairy industry.
Peple are cncerned abut the nutritin questin, fr t much palmitic acid is assciated with heart disease. Besides, palm fats change the taste f milk, which is a headache fr many fd prducers. But thse are nt what disturb me. In fact, palm il has a bad reputatin fr driving defrestatin, particularly in Sutheast Asia, which prduces 85% f the wrld’s palm il supply. The rapid expansin f palm il has destryed habitats fr many wild animals. Fires are set t replace jungles with palm trees, plluting the air, and sme are impssible t put ut.
Despite the harmful effects palm il may bring abut, palm il is fund in rughly 50% f the prducts sld in supermarkets. It is cheap t prduce and stays slid at rm temperature, making it perfect fr baked and packaged fds. It has a high cking temperature and smke pint, prviding ạ smth muthfeel. It’s als added t make-up, cleaning prducts, chclate, fuels, and mre.
Sme rganizatins are making effrts t clean up the palm il industry thrugh varius practices. Big brands are frmally warned when their palm il suppliers engage in illegal expansin, which in turn has driven them t take actin, even if their actin seems inadequate currently. There’s hpe n the hrizn, but the palm il industry is still ne I wn’t give supprt t.
30．What is the authr’s attitude twards sme rganizatins and big brands’ actin?
A．Indifferent.B．Critical.C．Favrable.D．Objective.
【答案】 30．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过为了增加牛奶中的乳脂含量而给奶牛喂食从棕榈油中提取的补充剂引出话题，讲述了人们的担忧，以及作者的看法。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Sme rganizatins are making effrts t clean up the palm il industry thrugh varius practices. Big brands are frmally warned when their palm il suppliers engage in illegal expansin, which in turn has driven them t take actin, even if their actin seems inadequate currently. (一些组织正在通过各种做法努力整顿棕榈油行业。当大品牌的棕榈油供应商进行非法扩张时，他们会受到正式警告，这反过来又迫使它们采取行动，即使他们目前的行动似乎不够充分。)”和“There’s hpe n the hrizn(希望就在眼前)”可知，一些组织正在努力整顿棕榈油行业，而且一些大品牌棕榈油供应商会采取行动，作者认为希望就在眼前，由此可推测出，作者对他们的行动表示支持。故选C。
题型02 中心主旨题
【题型诠释】
中心主旨题一般是在问文章的中心思想是什么、文章在讨论什么或取什么样的标题最好，题干中经常出现的标志词有：main idea、mainly talk abut/discuss、the best title/subject 等。
①小心首段陷阱，尤其是文章第一段只有一句话、有问句或出现转折的情况；
②关注各段首尾句，把各段首尾句串联起来读大概就能明白文章的行文脉络，同时也要注意转折的情况；
③关注文章中出现频率高的词或句子，也就是中心词/句，注意文章对词或句子的同义改写；
④关注文章中间单句成段的情况。主旨题的正确选项与文章主旨是全面匹配的。换句话说，正确答案里应该包含所有的中心词/句，而错误选项/干扰项往往只包含部分，或者包含范围已经大于文章范围，信息是片面的。
除此之外，也不要觉得某个选项里的关键词好像跟主旨词长得像就选它，有可能是出题人故意用形近词埋下的坑，形近词比如像这样：statistical, statisticians, statistics…… 还是要看选项跟文章主旨是否相符。
【典例】
（23-24高三上·天津和平·期末）Teenagers are self-cntradictry. That’s a mild and bjective way f saying smething that parents ften express with cnsiderably strnger language. But the-self-cntradictin scientific and persnal. In adlescence, helpless and dependent children wh have relied n grwn-ups fr just abut everything becme independent peple wh can take care f themselves and help each ther. At the same time, nce cheerful-and bedient children becme rebellius teenage risk-takers.
A new study published in the jurnal Child Develpment, by Eveline Crne f the University f Leiden and clleagues, suggests that the psitive and negative sides f teenagers g hand in hand. The study is part f a new wave f thinking abut adlescence. Fr a lng time, scientists and plicy makers cncentrated n the idea that teenagers were a prblem that needed t be slved. The new wrk emphasizes that adlescence is a time f pprtunity as well as risk.
The researchers studied “prscial”(亲社会)and rebellius traits in mre than 200 children and yung adults, ranging frm 11 t 28 years ld. The participants filled ut questinnaires abut hw ften they did things that were selfless and psitive, like sacrificing their wn interests t help a friend, r rebellius and negative, like getting drunk r staying ut late.
Other studies have shwn that rebellius behavir increases as yu becme a teenager and then fades away as yu grw lder. But the new study shws that, interestingly, the same is true fr prscial behavir. Teenagers were mre likely than yunger children r adults t reprt that they did things like unselfishly help a friend.
Mst significantly, there was a psitive crrelatin between prsciality and rebelliusness. The teenagers wh were mre rebellius were als mre likely t help thers. The gd and bad sides f adlescence seem t develp tgether. Is there sme cmmn factr that underlies these apparently cntradictry develpments? One idea is that teenage behavir is related t what researchers call “reward sensitivity.” Decisin-making always invlves balancing rewards and risks, benefits and csts. “Reward sensitivity” measures hw much reward it takes t utweigh risk.
Teenagers are particularly sensitive t scial rewards—winning the game, impressing a new friend, getting that by t ntice yu. Reward sensitivity, like prscial behavir and risk-taking, seems t g up in adlescence and then dwn again as we age. Smehw, when yu hit 30, the chance that smething exciting and new will happen at that party just desn’t seem t utweigh the effrt f getting up ff the cuch.
20．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Why teenagers are risk-sensitive.
B．Hw teenagers develp prsciality.
C．Why teenagers are self-cntradictry.
D．Hw teenagers becme independent.
【答案】 20．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章通过引用克罗恩的一项新的研究发现，论述了为什么青少年是自相矛盾的。
20．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合文章第一段“Teenagers are self-cntradictry. That’s a mild and bjective way f saying smething that parents ften express with cnsiderably strnger language. But the-self-cntradictin scientific and persnal. In adlescence, helpless and dependent children wh have relied n grwn-ups fr just abut everything becme independent peple wh can take care f themselves and help each ther. At the same time, nce cheerful-and bedient children becme rebellius teenage risk-takers.（青少年是自相矛盾的。这是一种温和而客观的方式来表达父母经常用相当强硬的语言表达的东西。但是科学和个人的自相矛盾。在青春期，无助和依赖成年人的孩子几乎在所有事情上都依赖成年人，成为能够照顾自己和互相帮助的独立的人。与此同时，曾经快乐听话的孩子变成了叛逆的青少年冒险者。）”可知，文章在第一段中提到了青少年是自相矛盾的，同时提到了青春期时期，青少年的性格会反转。之后在第二段中提到了克罗恩的一项研究，该研究提供了对青春期的新见解。第三段引入了对青少年亲社会行为的研究，第四段讲述了亲社会行为和其他的叛逆行为一样，会在青少年时达到顶峰，之后会逐渐消失。最后两段论述了人们对于青春期的好与坏这些明显矛盾的发展背后存在一些共同因素的探索。可推知，本文主要论述了为什么青少年是自相矛盾，故选C。
【高考真题】
（2022·天津·高考真题）Ralph Emersn nce said that the purpse f life is nt t be happy, but t be useful, t be lving, t make sme difference in he wrld. While we appreciate such wrds f wisdm, we rarely try t fllw them in ur lives.
Mst peple prefer t live a gd life themselves, ignring their respnsibilities fr the wrld. This narrw perceptin f a gd life may prvide shrt-term benefits, but is sure t lead t lng-term harm and suffering. A gd life based n cmfrt and luxury may eventually lead t mre pain be-cause we spil ur health and even ur character, principles, ideals, and relatinships.
What then, is the secret f a gd life? A gd life is a prcess, nt a state f being : a directin, nt a destinatin. We have t earn a gd life by first serving thers withut any expectatin in return because their happiness is the very surce f ur wn happiness. Mre imprtantly, we must knw urselves inside ut. Only when we examine urselves deeply can we discver ur abilities and recgnize ur limitatins, and then wrk accrdingly t create a better wrld.
The first requirement fr a gd life is having a lving heart. When we d certain right things merely as a duty, we find ur jb s tiresme that we’ll sn burn ut. Hwever, when we d that same jb ut f lve, we nt nly enjy what we d, but als d it with an effrtless feeling.
Hwever, lve alne is insufficient t lead a gd life. Lve smetimes blinds us t the reality. Cnsequently, ur gd intentins may nt lead t gd results. T achieve desired utcme, thse wh want t d gd t thers als need t equip themselves with accurate wrld knwledge. False knwledge is mre dangerus than ignrance. If lve is the engine f a car knwledge is the steering wheel(方向盘). If the engine lacks pwer, the car can’t mve; if the driver lses cntrl f the steering, a rad accident prbably ccurs. Only with lve in heart and the right knwledge in mind can we lead a gd life.
With lve and knwledge, we g all ut t create a better wrld by ding gd t thers. When we see the impact f ur gd wrk n the wrld we give meaning t ur life and earn lasting jy and happiness.
1．What effect des the narrw perceptin f a gd life have n us?
A．Making us simple-mindedB．Making us shrt-sighted.
C．Leading us nt a busy rad.D．Keeping us frm cmfrt and luxury.
2．Accrding t the authr, hw can ne gain true happiness?
A．Thrugh maintaining gd health.
B．By ging thrugh pain and suffering.
C．By recgnizing ne’s abilities and limitatins.
D．Thrugh ffering help much needed by thers.
3．Accrding t Paragraph 4, ding certain right things with a lving heart makes ne________.
A．less selfishB．less annying
C．mre mtivatedD．mre respnsible
4．In what case may gd intentins fail t lead t desired results?
A．When we have wrng knwledge f the wrld.
B．When ur lve fr the wrld is insufficient.
C．When we are insensitive t dangers in life.
D．When we stay blind t the reality.
5．Accrding t Paragraph 5, life can be made truly gd when ________.
A．inspired by lve and guided by knwledge
B．directed by lve and pushed by knwledge
C．purified by lve and enriched by knwledge
D．prmted by lve and defined by knwledge
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了美好生活的秘诀是什么。人生的目的不是生而快乐，而是生而有益。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“This narrw perceptin f a gd life may prvide shrt-term benefits, but is sure t lead t lng-term harm and suffering.(这种对美好生活的狭隘看法可能会带来短期的好处，但肯定会导致长期的伤害和痛苦。)”可知，对美好生活的狭隘看法只能给我们带来短期的好处，所以时间长了会让我们目光短浅、短视。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“We have t earn a gd life by first serving thers withut any expectatin in return because their happiness is the very surce f ur wn happiness.(我们必须先为他人服务而不求回报，因为他人的幸福是我们自己幸福的源泉。)”可知，我们能够从帮助他人获得真正的幸福。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Hwever, when we d that same jb ut f lve, we nt nly enjy what we d, but als d it with an effrtless feeling.(然而，当我们出于热爱做同样的工作时，我们不仅享受我们做的事情，而且也享受那种毫不费力的感觉。)”可知，带着热爱去做事会让人更加享受做这件事情；越享受做某件事，做事越有动力。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“False knwledge is mre dangerus than ignrance.(虚假的知识比无知更危险。)”可以推测出，当我们对世界有错误的认识的时候，就算意图良好，也可能导致不好的、违背预期的结局。故选A项。
5．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“With lve and knwledge, we g all ut t create a better wrld by ding gd t thers.(带着爱和知识，我们全力以赴，通过对他人做好事来创造一个更美好的世界。)”可知，有爱和知识，生活就会变得更美好。故选A项。
（2021·天津·高考真题）There is smething t be said fr being a generalist, even if yu are a specialist. Knwing a little abut a lt f things that interest yu can add t the richness f a whle, well-lived life.
Sciety pushes us t specialize, t becme experts. This requires cmmitment t a particular ccupatin, branch f study r research. The drawback t being specialists is we ften cme t knw mre and mre abut less and less. There is a great deal f pressure t master ne's field. Yu may pursue training, degrees, r increasing levels f respnsibility at wrk. Then yu discver the pressure f having t keep up.
Sme peple seem willing t wrk arund the clck in their narrw specialty. But such cmmitment can als weaken a sense f freedm. These specialists culd wrk at the ffice until ten each night, then lk back and realize they wuld have lved t have gne hme and enjyed the sweetness f their family and friends, r traveled t exciting places, meeting interesting peple. Mastering ne thing t the exclusin （排 除）f thers can hld back yur true spirit.
Generalists, n the ther hand, knw a lt abut a wide range f subjects and view the whle with all its cnnectins. They are peple f ability, talent, and enthusiasm wh can bring their brad perspective （视角）int specific fields f expertise （专长）.The dctr wh is als a pet and philspher is a superir dctr, ne wh can give s much mre t his patients than just gd medical skills.
Things are cnnected. Let yur expertise in ne field fuel yur passins in all related areas. Sme f yur interests may nt appear t be cnnected but, nce yu explre their depths, yu discver that they are. My editr Tni, wh is als a writer, has edited several histry bks. She has decided t study Chinese histry. Fascinated by the structural beauty f the Frbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested t learn mre abut Chinese philsphy. "I dn't knw where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm n this pursuit."
These expansins int new wrlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin t see the intercnnectedness f ne thing t anther in all aspects f ur life, f urselves and the universe. Develp brad, general knwledge and experience. The universe is all yurs t explre and enjy.
6．T becme a specialist, ne may have t_____.
A．narrw his range f knwledge
B．avid respnsibilities at wrk
C．knw mre abut the sciety
D．braden his perspective n life
7．The specialists mentined in Paragraph 3 tend t______.
A．treasure their freedm
B．travel arund the wrld
C．spend mst time wrking
D．enjy meeting funny peple
8．Accrding t the authr, a superir dctr is ne wh_____.
A．is fully aware f his talent and ability
B．is a pure specialist in medicine
C．shuld lve petry and philsphy
D．brings knwledge f ther fields t wrk
9．What des the authr intend t shw with the example f Tni?
A．Passin alne des nt ensure a persn's success.
B．In-depth explratin makes discveries pssible.
C．Everyne has a chance t succeed in their pursuit.
D．Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way cnnected.
10．What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A．Be Mre a Generalist Than a Specialist
B．Specialist r Generalist: Hard t Decide
C．Turn a Generalist int a Specialist
D．Ways t Becme a Generalist
【答案】6．A 7．C 8．D 9．D 10．A
【分析】本文是议论文。文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家。
6．推理判断题。文章第二段中提到“This requires cmmitment t a particular ccupatin, branch f study r research. The drawback t being specialists is we ften cme t knw mre and mre abut less and less.（成为专家需要对特定的职业、研究领域的投入。成为专家的缺点是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越多。）”根据“knw … abut less and less”可知，要成为一名专家，了解到的知识领域会越来越少，会缩小他的知识范围。故选A。
7．细节理解题。第三段中提到“Sme peple seem willing t wrk arund the clck in their narrw specialty. …These specialists culd wrk at the ffice until ten each night (有些人似乎愿意在他们狭隘的专业领域夜以继日地工作。…… 这些专家可以每天晚上在办公室工作到十点。)”由此可知，这些专家往往花大部分的时间在工作上。故选C。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“The dctr wh is als a pet and philspher is a superir dctr, ne wh can give s much mre t his patients than just gd medical skills. (这位既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一位优秀的医生，他能给他的病人提供比良好的医术更多的东西。)”可知，作者认为一名优秀的医生可以将其他领域的知识带到工作中。故选D。
9．推理判断题。文章第五段中提到“Things are cnnected. Let yur expertise in ne field fuel yur passins in all related areas. Sme f yur interests may nt appear t be cnnected but, nce yu explre their depths, yu discver that they are.（事物之间是有联系的。让你在一个领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你深入探索，你就会发现它们是有联系的。）”；下文举出Tni的例子“My editr Tni, wh is als a writer, has edited several histry bks. She has decided t study Chinese histry. Fascinated by the structural beauty f the Frbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested t learn mre abut Chinese philsphy.（我的编辑Tni也是一位作家，她编辑过几本历史书。她已决定学习中国历史。作为一名画家，她痴迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同时也对更多地了解中国哲学感兴趣。）”由此可以推断，作者想通过Tni的例子说明看似不相关的兴趣，如果深入探索的话，在某种程度上是有联系的。故选D。
10．主旨大意题。文章第一段提出观点“There is smething t be said fr being a generalist, even if yu are a specialist.”作者提出即使你是一个专家，也应该当一个通才；文章第二段提出“The drawback t being specialists is we ften cme t knw mre and mre abut less and less. ”说明成为专家的不足之处是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越深；第四段中提到“Generalists, …, knw a lt abut a wide range f subjects and view the whle with all its cnnectins.”说明当通才的优点往往对广泛的学科了解得很多，并从整体上来看其中的所有的联系。作者的观点是应该当一个通才。因此文章的标题应为“Be Mre a Generalist Than a Specialist（做一个通才，而不是专家）”。故选A。
（2020·天津·高考真题）After years f bserving human nature, I have decided that tw qualities make the difference between men f great achievement and men f average perfrmance curisity and discntent. I have never knwn an utstanding man wh lacked either. And I have never knwn an average man wh had bth. The tw belng tgether.
Tgether, these deep human urges (驱策力) cunt fr much mre that ambitin. Galile was nt merely ambitius when he drpped bjects f varying weights frm the Leaning Twer at Pisa and timed their fall t the grund. Like Galile, all the great names in histry were curius and asked in discntent, “Why? Why? Why?”
Frtunately, curisity and discntent dn’t have t be learned. We are brn with them and need nly recapture them.
“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he wh des nt lse his child’s heart.” Yet mst f us d lse it. We stp asking questins. We stp challenging custm. We just fllw the crwd. And the crwd desires restful average. It encurages us t ccupy ur wn little crner, t avid flish leaps int the dark, t be satisfied.
Mst f us meet new peple, and new ideas, with hesitatin. But nce having met and liked them, we think hw terrible it wuld have been, had we missed the chance. We will prbably have t frce urselves t waken ur curisity and discntent and keep them awake.
Hw shuld yu start? Mdestly, s as nt t becme discuraged. I think f ne friend wh culdn’t arrange flwers t satisfy herself. She was curius abut hw the experts did it. Hw she is ne f the experts, writing bks n flwer arrangement.
One way t begin is t answer yur wn excuses. Yu haven’t any special ability? Mst peple dn’t; there are nly a few geniuses. Yu haven’t any time? That’s gd, because it’s always the peple with n time wh get things dne. Harriet Stwe, mther f six, wrte parts fUncle Tm’s Cabinwhile cking. Yu’re t ld? Remember that Thmas Cstain was 57 when he published his first nvel, and that Grandma Mses shwed her first pictures when she was 78.
Hwever yu start, remember there is n better time t start than right nw, fr yu’ll never be mre alive than yu are at this mment.
11．In writing Paragraph 1, the authr aims t ________.
A．prpse a definitin
B．make a cmparisn
C．reach a cnclusin
D．present an argument
12．What des the example f Galile tell us?
A．Trial and errr leads t the finding f truth.
B．Scientists tend t be curius and ambitius.
C．Creativity results frm challenging authrity.
D．Greatness cmes frm a lasting desire t explre.
13．What can yu d t recapture curisity and discntent?
A．Observe the unknwn arund yu.
B．Develp a questining mind.
C．Lead a life f adventure.
D．Fllw the fashin.
14．What can we learn frm Paragraphs 6 and 7?
A．Gaining success helps yu becme an expert.
B．The genius tends t get things dne creatively.
C．Lack f talent and time is n reasn fr taking n actin.
D．Yu shuld remain mdest when appraching perfectin.
15．What culd be the best title r the passage?
A．Curius Minds Never Feel Cntented
B．Reflectins n Human Nature
C．The Keys t Achievement
D．Never T Late t Learn
【答案】11．D 12．D 13．B 14．C 15．C
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。
11．推理判断题。根据第一段内容After years f bserving human nature, I have decided that tw qualities make the difference between men f great achievement and men f average perfrmance curisity and discntent. I have never knwn an utstanding man wh lacked either. And I have never knwn an average man wh had bth. The tw belng tgether.可知，作者经过多年对人性的观察，认为成就非凡的人和平庸的人的区别在于好奇心和不满足，而且两者是相辅相成的。由此推知，作者写第一段的目的是提出一个论点。故选D。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段中的Like Galile, all the great names in histry were curius and asked in discntent, “Why? Why? Why?”可知，像伽利略一样，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”由此推知，伽利略的例子告诉我们，伟大来自于持久的探索欲望。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中的Like Galile, all the great names in histry were curius and asked in discntent, “Why? Why? Why?”及第四段中的“The great man,” said Mencius (孟子), “is he wh des nt lse his child’s heart.” Yet mst f us d lse it. We stp asking questins. We stp challenging custm. We just fllw the crwd.可知，历史上所有的伟人都感到好奇，并不满地问：“为什么？为什么？为什么？”孟子认为“不失去孩子的心，就是伟大的人。”然而，我们大多数人确实失去了它。我们不再问问题。我们不再挑战习俗。我们只是随大流。由此可知，你可以通过培养了一个善于提问的头脑，来重新获得好奇心和不满。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据第六段中的Hw she is ne f the experts, writing bks n flwer arrangement.及第七段中的Yu haven’t any special ability? Mst peple dn’t; there are nly a few geniuses. Yu haven’t any time? That’s gd, because it’s always the peple with n time wh get things dne.以及列举了Thmas Cstain在57岁时出版了他的第一部小说，Grandma Mses在78岁时展示了她的第一批照片。由此可知，这两段想告诉我们“缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由”。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段内容After years f bserving human nature, I have decided that tw qualities make the difference between men f great achievement and men f average perfrmance curisity and discntent. I have never knwn an utstanding man wh lacked either. And I have never knwn an average man wh had bth. The tw belng tgether.及下文论述可知，本文主要论述了获得成就的两个关键因素——好奇心和不满足。由此可知，C项The Keys t Achievement(成就的关键)适合做本文最佳标题。故选C。
（2020·天津·高考真题）Studying a subject that yu feel pintless is never a fun r easy task. If yu're studying histry, asking yurself the questin "why is histry imprtant "is a very gd first step. Histry is an essential part f human civilizatin. Yu will find smething here that will aruse yur interest, r get yu thinking abut the significance f histry.
Histry grunds us in ur rts. Histry is an imprtant and interesting field f study, and learning the histry f ur hme cuntry can give us a deeper, mre meaningful glimpse（一瞥）int ur ancestral pasts, and hw we gt t where we are tday. Many peple feel like they need a sense f cultural belnging, which is smething that studying yur rts and being pen-minded t the evlutin f yur culture can prvide.
Histry enriches ur experience. Reading histry is an amazing experience because it enables us t reflect n the scial and ecnmic life f the peple living lng time ag Accrding t the experts, prblems faced by peple regardless f the past and present are the same. With the infrmatin abut the ancestrs, ne can becme mre experienced in handling challenges f life.
Histry makes us mre empathetic（具有共情能力的）, Studying histry can give us insight （洞察力）int why ur culture des certain things, and hw the past has shaped it int what we knw nw. It als prvides a rather strng fundatin fr empathy acrss cultures. Fear and hate fr thers is usually caused by ignrance （无知）. We're scared f the things that we dn't understand. Histry has the ptential t break dwn thse bundaries by ffering us insight int entire wrlds that wuld therwise be freign t us.
Histry can inspire us t learn mre. what's fantastic abut histry is the way it bradens ur hrizns. It's almst impssible t learn abut ne histrical perid withut having dzens f questins abut related cncepts. Study the 19th century England, and yu might catch a glimpse f Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist. Lk up Charles Dickens, and yu might learn a thing r tw abut realism. Or maybe yu end up switching yur attentin away frm nvels, and discver the histry f rmantic pets in England. It can g anywhere, and there is smething in there fr abslutely anybdy.
The value f histry cannt be underestimated. We dn't have t live in the past, but we can definitely d better by learning frm it and using the lessns learnt t lead mre meaningful lives.
16．The underlined part "where we are tday" in Para. 2 prbably means __________.
A．the turning pint in ur histry
B．the present state f ur natin
C．the lcatin f ur hmeland
D．the ttal area f ur cuntry
17．Accrding t the experts, why is histry useful fr peple t handle challenges f life?
A．The prblems at present are similar t thse in the past.
B．Ancient peple laid ecnmic fundatins fr peple tday.
C．The current challenges f life were predicted by the ancestrs.
D．Peple living lng time ag knew mre abut hw t slve prblems.
18．What can be cncluded frm Para.4?
A．It is difficult t get rid f cultural barriers.
B．Peple are willing t accept freign cultures.
C．Cultural cnflicts in histry are difficult t ignre.
D．Histry helps us imprve ur crss-cultural awareness.
19．With the example in Para.5, the writer intends t shw that______________.
A．Charles Dickens cntributes much t British literature.
B．Oliver Twist can satisfy ur curisity fr rmantic pets.
C．reading nvels is a way t learn abut a histrical perid.
D．studying histry can aruse peple's interest in ther fields.
20．What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A．Hw t Build Cultural Identity
B．Why Studying Histry Matters
C．Knw the Past, Knw the Present
D．Histry: a Way t Braden Hrizns
【答案】16．B 17．A 18．D 19．D 20．B
【分析】本文是议论文。开头提出问题为什么历史重要。然后分四方面论述学历史的好处，最后总结扣题说明学历史的意义——历史的价值不可低估，通过从中学习，并利用学到的教训过更有意义的生活。
16．猜测词义题。根据上句learning the histry f ur hme cuntry can give us a deeper, mre meaningful glimpse(一瞥 )int ur ancestral pasts.,可知学习我们祖国的历史能更深、更有意义地了解我们祖先的过去。此处指学历史着眼于大局，是从国家层面讲的，与之一致，可推知画线的where we are tday指的是我们国家的现状。故选B。
17．细节理解题。根据第三段Accrding t the experts, prblems faced by peple regardless f the past and present are the same. With the infrmatin abut the ancestrs, ne can becme mre experienced in handling challenges f life.可知专家认为，无论过去和现在，人们面临的问题都是一样的。有了祖先的信息，我们在处理生活中的挑战时会更有经验。故选A。
18．推理判断题。根据第四段中It als prvides a rather strng fundatin fr empathy acrss cultures和Histry has the ptential t break dwn thse bundaries by ffering us insight int entire wrlds that wuld therwise be freign t us.可知历史为跨文化的同理心提供了一个相当坚实的基础，历史有可能打破对未知事物的恐惧和憎恨，为我们提供洞悉整个世界的机会。由此推之历史帮助我们提高跨文化意识。故选D。
19．推理判断题。根据第五段标题是 Histry can inspire us t learn mre:(历史可以激励我们学习更多),下面列举了阅读Oliver Twist的例子,通过Oliver Twist我们能去了解作者 Charles Dickens,还可能会学到一些关于现实主义的东西，会发现英国浪漫主义诗人的历史。作者通过这个例子是为了说明学习历史可以引起人们对其他领域的兴趣。故选D。
20．主旨大意题。根据第一段If yu're studying histry, asking yurself the questin" why is histry imprtant" is a very gd first step.提到学历史前先问自己为什么历史重要。下文分四方面论述学历史的好处，最后一段总结扣题说明学历史的意义——历史的价值不可低估，通过从中学习，并利用学到的教训过更有意义的生活。故Why Studying Histry Matters?能概括全文内容。故选B。
【最新模拟】
（2024·天津河北·一模）In tday’s digital age, where a vast cean f infrmatin is just a click away, the questin arises: can ne learn t much? Given that n individual can grasp the entirety f human knwledge. Hwever, there exists a phenmenn where excessive learning can lead t inactin, a state f being verwhelmed by t much infrmatin.
Cnsider a scenari where yu’re eager t achieve a particular gal. Yu begin by cnducting extensive research, diving deep int the subject. As yu absrb mre infrmatin, it paradxically (矛盾地) feels like yur understanding diminishes. Each new cncept r strategy reveals further layers, making the gal seem mre cmplex and ut f reach.
This situatin is a cmmn trap: the endless pursuit f mre infrmatin. Althugh gaining cmprehensive knwledge is valuable, that is t say there’s nthing wrng with learning a lt, issues arise when this pursuit bstructs practical applicatin. If learning cntinuusly prevents yu frm starting, yu’ll find yurself stuck, unable t achieve yur desired utcmes.
An alternative and mre effective apprach t achieving gals is t strike a balance between learning and ding. Gather essential infrmatin, then transitin int actin swiftly, even if yu feel smewhat unprepared. This is ften the best way t learn, as hands-n experience prvides insights that theretical knwledge alne cannt.
The cmparisn with a baby learning t walk is a gd example here. A baby desn’t learn t walk by sitting and analyzing the prcess. Instead, it learns by attempting t walk, falling, and then understanding frm each fall what wrks and what desn’t. Thrugh repeated effrt, walking is eventually mastered. This methd is applicable t gal achievement t. By engaging in actin, learning frm the utcmes, and adjusting accrdingly, yu gradually mve clser t yur gals.
In summary, while the pursuit f knwledge is valuable, it’s crucial nt t let it becme a barrier t actin. Learning shuld be a stepping stne t ding, nt an end in itself. It’s thrugh the interplay f gathering knwledge and applying it that we can truly prgress twards ur aspiratins. This balanced apprach is key t vercming the paralysis f verlearning and actively mving twards realizing yur ambitins.
1．What prblem des the digital age present in learning?
A．T much infrmatin.B．Learning t inactin.
C．Online distractins.D．Technical issues.
2．What stps peple frm achieving the gal?
A．The distractin caused by unrelated tasks.
B．The inability t find relevant infrmatin.
C．The cnfusin caused by the infrmatin.
D．The desire t learn basic cncept r strategy.
3．Why is practical experience imprtant in the learning prcess?
A．It replaces cntinuus learning.
B．It is irrelevant in gaining knwledge.
C．It hlds back theretical understanding.
D．It ffers a cmprehensive understanding.
4．The example “baby learning t walk” mentined in Paragraph 5 is used t ________.
A．cmpare different learning styles
B．shw the imprtance f making mistakes
C．emphasize the need fr parental guidance
D．explain learning thrugh actin and experience
5．What makes the best title fr the passage?
A．The Paradx f Infrmatin OverladB．The Harmny f Learning and Ding
C．The Pursuit f Balanced KnwledgeD．The Prcess f Learning t Walk
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 5．B
【导语】本文为一篇议论文。在数字时代，过量的信息会造成学习停滞的问题，因此，在学习过程中，实践经验能帮助我们更全面的理解学习的知识，从而实现目标。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In tday’s digital age, where a vast cean f infrmatin is just a click away, the questin arises: can ne learn t much? Given that n individual can grasp the entirety f human knwledge. Hwever, there exists a phenmenn where excessive learning can lead t inactin, a state f being verwhelmed by t much infrmatin.(在今天的数字时代，海量的信息只需点击一下，问题就来了：一个人会不会学得太多？因为没有人能掌握人类的全部知识。然而，有一种现象是，过度学习可能导致无所作为，一种被太多信息淹没的状态)”可知，数字时代给学习提供了太多的信息。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Yu begin by cnducting extensive research, diving deep int the subject. As yu absrb mre infrmatin, it paradxically feels like yur understanding diminishes. Each new cncept r strategy reveals further layers, making the gal seem mre cmplex and ut f reach.(你首先要进行广泛的研究，深入研究这个主题。当你吸收的信息越多，你的理解力就越差。每一个新的概念或策略都揭示出更深的层次，使目标看起来更加复杂和遥不可及)”可知，过多的信息会让理解变得更加复杂和遥不可及，即使理解变得更混乱。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“An alternative and mre effective apprach t achieving gals is t strike a balance between learning and ding. Gather essential infrmatin, then transitin int actin swiftly, even if yu feel smewhat unprepared. This is ften the best way t learn, as hands-n experience prvides insights that theretical knwledge alne cannt.(实现目标的另一种更有效的方法是在学习和实践之间取得平衡。收集必要的信息，然后迅速采取行动，即使你觉得有些措手不及。这通常是最好的学习方式，因为实践经验提供了理论知识无法提供的见解)”可知，在学习过程中，实际经验是重要的，因为它可以通过实践帮助理解信息，提供一个全面的理解。故选D项。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“An alternative and mre effective apprach t achieving gals is t strike a balance between learning and ding. Gather essential infrmatin, then transitin int actin swiftly, even if yu feel smewhat unprepared. This is ften the best way t learn, as hands-n experience prvides insights that theretical knwledge alne cannt.(实现目标的另一种更有效的方法是在学习和实践之间取得平衡。收集必要的信息，然后迅速采取行动，即使你觉得有些措手不及。这通常是最好的学习方式，因为实践经验提供了理论知识无法提供的见解)”和倒数第二段“A baby desn’t learn t walk by sitting and analyzing the prcess. Instead, it learns by attempting t walk, falling, and then understanding frm each fall what wrks and what desn’t. Thrugh repeated effrt, walking is eventually mastered. This methd is applicable t gal achievement t. By engaging in actin, learning frm the utcmes, and adjusting accrdingly, yu gradually mve clser t yur gals.(婴儿不是通过坐着和分析走路的过程来学习走路的。相反，它通过尝试走路和摔倒来学习，然后从每次跌倒中了解什么有用，什么没用。通过反复的努力，最终学会了走路。这种方法也适用于目标实现。通过参与行动，从结果中学习，并做出相应的调整，你会逐渐接近你的目标)”可知，通过“婴儿学习走路”的例子可以解释通过行动和经验来学习这个观点。故选D项。
5．主旨大意题。根据文章全文，尤其是最后一段“In summary, while the pursuit f knwledge is valuable, it’s crucial nt t let it becme a barrier t actin. Learning shuld be a stepping stne t ding, nt an end in itself. It’s thrugh the interplay f gathering knwledge and applying it that we can truly prgress twards ur aspiratins.(总之，虽然追求知识是有价值的，但重要的是不要让它成为行动的障碍。学习应该是行动的垫脚石，而不是目的本身。只有通过收集知识和应用知识的相互作用，我们才能真正朝着我们的愿望前进)”可知，本文介绍在学习过程中，应将信息和实践相结合，这样能更好地实现目标。B选项“学与做的和谐”与本文主旨相符。故选B项。
（2024·天津河东·一模）“I can’t live withut my mbile phne!” is what I ften hear peple say as they talk abut hw mbiles have becme an essential part f their lives.
The all s cmmn sight f heads bent, eyes staring at mbile screens and fingers busy tapping away repeats itself acrss majr cities arund the wrld. Whenever there is a mment t spare while n the train, taxi r waiting in a queue, peple busy themselves with their mbile phnes.
Sme peple believe ur unhealthy bsessin with mbile phnes is destrying hw we appreciate the little things in life r miss the mments that matter. The truth is that technlgy verall shuld be seen as a tl t imprve ur lives.
Mbile phnes have certainly had a great influence n ur lives, but I truly believe it’s fr the better.
It’s changed the way we cmmunicate, whether fr wrk r play. We are nw less cnstrained (限制) by time and gegraphical lcatin. With my mbile phne, I can dial int cnference calls while stuck in a traffic jam, r reply t urgent e-mails while n the g. I can send a text message r share phts and vides with friends wh aren’t living in the same cuntry. My phne calendar keeps my life rganized, and even Facebk. Twitter, and instant messaging are nw accessible frm mbile phnes!
The mbile revlutin isn’t just changing the lives f urbanite like myself. I knw f a yung Bangladeshi wman named Shmpa Akhter wh is crazy abut fashin and design. She dreamt abut starting her wn business and she did just that, pening a shp in Kushtia featuring her wn creatins. Dealing with suppliers in different twns was a prblem fr Shmpa-purchase rders had t either be hand delivered r mailed ut t suppliers. Shmpa als fund it tugh publicizing (宣传) her business t ptential custmers utside her twn. But nce she learnt t perate the mbile phne, she was addicted. The 25-year-ld businesswman nw stays in tuch easily with her suppliers. Mbile e-mail is a blessing in her life. Wh wuld have thught that mbility culd bring abut such enrmus change? It shuldn’t really be a surprise thugh.
6．The authr intends t ____by citing a cmmn saying abut mbile phnes at the beginning.
A．attract the readers’ attentin
B．intrduce the tpic
C．stress hw mbile phnes affect ur lives
D．share his wn feelings abut mbile phnes
7．In the first tw paragraphs, the authr wants t shw ____.
A．mbile phnes make peple cmmunicate less
B．mbile phnes make peple’s life mre enjyable
C．peple’s health is greatly affected by mbile phnes
D．peple becme addicted t mbile phnes in daily life
8．What’s the authr’s attitude twards mbile phnes?
A．Dubtful.B．Supprtive.C．Critical.D．Uninterested.
9．Paragraph 5 is mainly abut ____.
A．new functins f mbile phnesB．new changes in Infrmatin Age
C．the advantages f mbile phnesD．the authr’s persnal experiences
10．What d we knw abut Shmpa frm the passage?
A．She perates a fd stre.
B．She is addicted t Internet surfing.
C．Mbile e-mail is still unavailable t her.
D．Her mbile phne helped her business a lt.
【答案】6．C 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。当代社会，人们在日常生活中沉迷于手机，但是作者认为，手机的出现给我们的生活带来了许多积极的影响。
6．推理判断题。根据文章第一段““I can’t live withut my mbile phne!” is what I ften hear peple say as they talk abut hw mbiles have becme an essential part f their lives.(“没有手机我活不下去！”这是我经常听到人们在谈论手机如何成为他们生活中必不可少的一部分时所说的话)”及第二段“The all s cmmn sight f heads bent, eyes staring at mbile screens and fingers busy tapping away repeats itself acrss majr cities arund the wrld.(低着头，眼睛盯着手机屏幕，手指忙着敲击键盘，这种司空见惯的景象在世界各地的主要城市重演)”可知，作者在第一段引用了一句关于手机的俗语是为了强调手机如何影响我们的生活。故选C项。
7．推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容及第二段“The all s cmmn sight f heads bent, eyes staring at mbile screens and fingers busy tapping away repeats itself acrss majr cities arund the wrld. Whenever there is a mment t spare while n the train, taxi r waiting in a queue, peple busy themselves with their mbile phnes.(低着头，眼睛盯着手机屏幕，手指忙着敲击键盘，这种司空见惯的景象在世界各地的主要城市重演。在火车上、出租车上或排队等候时，只要有空闲时间，人们就会忙着玩手机)”可知，前两段作者想要说明人们在日常生活中沉迷于手机的现象。故选D项。
8．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Mbile phnes have certainly had a great influence n ur lives, but I truly believe it’s fr the better.(手机确实对我们的生活产生了很大的影响，但我真的相信它会变得更好)”推知，作者对于手机表示支持态度。故选B项。
9．主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“It’s changed the way we cmmunicate, whether fr wrk r play. We are nw less cnstrained (限制) by time and gegraphical lcatin.(它改变了我们沟通的方式，无论是工作还是娱乐。我们现在不再受时间和地理位置的限制)”及“My phne calendar keeps my life rganized, and even Facebk. Twitter, and instant messaging are nw accessible frm mbile phnes!(我的手机日历让我的生活井井有条，甚至是Facebk。Twitter和即时通讯现在可以从手机上访问)”可知，这一段作者描述了手机的优点。故选C项。
10．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Shmpa als fund it tugh publicizing (宣传) her business t ptential custmers utside her twn. But nce she learnt t perate the mbile phne, she was addicted. The 25-year-ld businesswman nw stays in tuch easily with her suppliers. Mbile e-mail is a blessing in her life.(尚帕还发现，向镇子以外的潜在客户宣传她的生意很困难。但是一旦她学会使用手机，她就上瘾了。这位25岁的女商人现在很容易与她的供应商保持联系。移动电子邮件是她生活中的幸事)”可知，Shmpa的手机对她的生意帮助很大。故选D项。
（2023·天津滨海新·三模）Have yu ever cme ut f a steamy ht shwer and tried t lk at yur reflectin in the mirrr when it’s cmpletely steamed and fgged up? I ften think that is hw we tend t view ur beauty—thrugh fgged up mirrrs. We are seeing urselves but the picture isn’t exactly clear! The mirrrs have been fgged up thrugh different life experiences and memries as we have grwn up, and nw blend tgether t frm ur wn definitin f ur beauty.
The first mirrr is frmed as a yung child and is ften based n what was said abut us frm ur parents and thse arund us. I remember being tld that I was a cute child, s that when I gt a little lder and was arund six r seven and anther child tried t tell me I was ugly- everything within me rse up against the statement because my self-belief in what my parents had said std strng.
The secnd mirrr is the mirrr f adlescence, thse frmative years when we are pushed int the big wild wrld and ut f the prtectin f hme. As a teenager I went t a barding schl, and I was ne f the nly tw black peple in the entire schl. Children being naturally curius, I felt like I was asked a millin and ne different questins abut bth my hair and skin tne- -and I dn’t think there has ever been a time when I have been mre acutely aware f my appearance, which in turn pened up the dr fr me t questin hw I lked and t thankfully embrace my differences.
The final mirrr cmes frm scially cnstructed ideas f beauty. We are ften faced with numerus images in the media, ppular culture, sciety, peers and scial media, which can create a false ideal f beauty in ur eyes. We tend t cmpare urselves t thse ideals and use it as sme srt f margin (差值) f measurement.
Hwever, real beauty cmes frm within. It is acceptance f yurself, perceived flaws and all. Yu are a masterpiece, a unique blend f genes and life experiences. It’s essential t appreciate yurself like any ther wrk f art r natural wnder, withut judgement. Maybe it’s time t create a furth mirrr, a new mirrr that is wiped clean and is minus the fg f cmparisns, accusatins, judgments and expectatins.
56．What d the fgged-up mirrrs represent accrding t the first paragraph?
A．The difficulties f seeing neself in the mirrr.
B．The varius surces f beauty standards.
C．The unclear perceptins f ne’s beauty.
D．The life experiences and memries.
57．Hw did the authr react when smene called her ugly?
A．She felt embarrassed.
B．She cmpletely denied it.
C．She sught cmfrt frm her parents.
D．She questined what her parents had said.
58．What can we learn abut scial cnstructed ideas f beauty?
A．They push teens ut f hme prtectin.
B．They aruse acute awareness f ne’s appearance.
C．They may mislead peple’s idea f beauty.
D．They are the exact measurement f beauty.
59．What des the authr suggest as a pssible furth mirrr?
A．A mirrr nt affected by external factrs.
B．A mirrr ging against sciety’s expectatins.
C．A mirrr reflecting ne’s childhd experiences.
D．A mirrr shwing the beauty ideals frm scial media.
60．The passage is mainly written t tell us that we shuld________.
A．bring happiness t thse arund us
B．keep ur reslve despite bstacles
C．change urselves t achieve an ideal
D．embrace ur real inner beauty
【答案】56．C 57．B 58．C 59．A 60．D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。在我们成长中，不同的生活经历和记忆赋予了我们对美的定义。在我们的成长过程中有三面镜子，第一面镜子是在孩童时期形成的，通常是基于父母和周围人对我们的评价；第二面镜子是青春期的镜子，在成长的岁月里，我们被推进大自然的世界，脱离了家的保护，意识到自己的不同；第三面镜子来自社会建构的美的观念。作者通过介绍这三面镜子，告诉我们真正的美来自内心，要接受自己的一切。
56．细节理解题。根据第一段中“I ften think that is hw we tend t view ur beauty—thrugh fgged up mirrrs. We are seeing urselves but the picture isn’t exactly clear!The mirrrs have been fgged up thrugh different life experiences and memries as we have grwn up, and nw blend tgether t frm ur wn definitin f ur beauty.(我常常认为这就是我们看待自己美丽的方式——透过雾蒙蒙的镜子。我们看到了我们自己，但是画面不是很清楚！随着我们的成长，镜子已经被不同的生活经历和记忆所模糊，现在融合在一起，形成了我们自己对美的定义。)”可知，第一段中提到的被雾遮住的镜子指的是人们对美的模糊认识。故选C。
57．细节理解题。根据第二段中“I remember being tld that I was a cute child, s that when I gt a little lder and was arund six r seven and anther child tried t tell me I was ugly- everything within me rse up against the statement because my self-belief in what my parents had said std strng.(我记得有人告诉我，我是一个可爱的孩子，所以当我长大一点，大概六七岁的时候，另一个孩子试图告诉我我很丑——我内心的一切都站起来反对这种说法，因为我对父母说的话的自信是坚定不移的。)”可知，当有人说作者丑时，她完全否认这种说法，故选B。
58．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“We are ften faced with numerus images in the media, ppular culture, sciety, peers and scial media, which can create a false ideal f beauty in ur eyes.(我们经常在媒体、大众文化、社会、同龄人和社交媒体上面对大量的形象，这些形象会在我们眼中营造出一种错误的美的理想。)”可知，从社会建构的美的观念可能会误导人们对美的看法。故选C。
59．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hwever, real beauty cmes frm within. It is acceptance f yurself, perceived flaws and all. Yu are a masterpiece, a unique blend f genes and life experiences. It’s essential t appreciate yurself like any ther wrk f art r natural wnder, withut judgement. Maybe it’s time t create a furth mirrr, a new mirrr that is wiped clean and is minus the fg f cmparisns, accusatins, judgments and expectatins.(然而，真正的美来自内心。这就是接受你自己，接受你自己的缺点和所有的一切。你是一个杰作，一个独特的融合基因和生活经验。像欣赏其他艺术作品或自然奇观一样欣赏自己是必不可少的，不要妄加评判。也许是时候创造第四面镜子了，一面被擦得干干净净、没有比较、指责、判断和期望的迷雾的新镜子。)”可推知，作者认为第四面镜子是一面不受外界影响的镜子，故选A。
60．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“Hwever, real beauty cmes frm within. It is acceptance f yurself, perceived flaws and all. Yu are a masterpiece, a unique blend f genes and life experiences. It’s essential t appreciate yurself like any ther wrk f art r natural wnder, withut judgement. (然而，真正的美来自内心。这就是接受你自己，接受你自己的缺点和所有的一切。你是一个杰作，一个独特的融合基因和生活经验。像欣赏其他艺术作品或自然奇观一样欣赏自己是必不可少的，不要妄加评判。)”可知，在我们成长中，不同的生活经历和记忆赋予了我们对美的定义。在我们的成长过程中有三面镜子，第一面镜子是在孩童时期形成的，通常是基于父母和周围人对我们的评价；第二面镜子是青春期的镜子，在成长的岁月里，我们被推进大自然的世界，脱离了家的保护，意识到自己的不同；第三面镜子来自社会建构的美的观念。作者通过介绍这三面镜子，告诉我们真正的美来自内心，要接受自己的一切。由此可推知，这篇文章的主要目的是告诉我们要拥抱我们真正的内在美，故选D。