特训05 阅读理解说明文（名校模拟10篇）- 高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（天津专用）

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（2024·天津·一模）Online classes began t be ppularized just a few decades ag. They are advertised as a way fr adults t finish their educatin and students t learn the material at their wn pace—it is far mre suitable fr peple with busy schedules.
But after being enrlled in an nline curse last fall semester, I came t realize nline classes were merely a means t fulfil curse requirements.
First f all, students lack the desire t learn, and they simply cmplete their assignments t receive credit fr a passing grade rather than genuinely engage with the curse material.
As nline curses tend t have mre than 100 students, mst f the assignments are shrt and simple. They are nt designed fr students t interact with the material in depth but designed t be graded casily t accmmdate such a large number f students.
Perhaps the biggest disadvantage f taking an nline class is the absence f face-t-face interactin between the teacher and their students. Live sessins are infrequent and are ften scheduled during the middle f the day when students have t attend ther classes r wrk. The ffice hurs f the prfessr may als be during incnvenient times fr many students as well. Mst interactin with the prfessr has t be thrugh email which is ften impersnal. It is nearly impssible fr students t build a relatinship with their prfessr.
There is als little interactin amngst students. It can be harder fr students t create study grups and frm relatinships with their peers.
Online classes als require either a cmputer r laptp and a reliable internet cnnectin. Nt all students have access t these types f resurces, whether it is fr financial r ther reasns, and sme students can be put at a disadvantage.
Offering nline classes certainly helps students wh wuld therwise nt be able t attend classrm sessins. Hwever, they fail t prvide a genuine educatin with an emphasis n cnvenience rather than critical thinking. We need restructured nline classes in which students can have a learning experience that will actually prvide quality educatin.
1．What des the authr say abut students enrlled in nline classes?
A．They can access curse materials easily.
B．They are unmtivated t learn.
C．They can learn at their wn pace.
D．They rarely fulfil the curse requirements.
2．What des the authr think f nline curse assignments?
A．They are made cnvenient t mark.
B．They are meant t facilitate interactin.
C．They are based n easily accessible material.
D．They are given t accmmdate students’ needs.
3．What des the authr say is ne disadvantage f nline classes?
A．They are frequently scheduled at irregular times.
B．They make prfessrs’ ffices much less accessible.
C．They tend t increase prfessrs’ burden f respnding t students’ emails.
D．They prvide little chance fr students t build relatinships with each ther.
4．What prblem may arise if classes g nline?
A．Mre students may find it easy t be absent frm them.
B．Teachers will wrry abut pr internet cnnectins.
C．Sme students may have difficulty attending them.
D．Schls with limited resurces will be at a disadvantage.
5．What des the authr think cnsists f a key part f genuine educatin?
A．Acquisitin f useful knwledge.B．Training f real-life skills n campus.
C．Develpment f students’ persnalities.D．Cultivatin f analytical thinking ability.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是尽管网课早在几十年前以及开始普及，但是作者认为网课只是满足课程需求的一种手段。
1．推理判断题。根据第三段“First f all, students lack the desire t learn, and they simply cmplete their assignments t receive credit fr a passing grade rather than genuinely engage with the curse material.(首先，学生缺乏学习欲望，他们只是完成作业以获得学分，而不是真正参与课程材料。)”可知，学生上网课只是为了修学分，并没有真正地进行课程学习，缺乏学习的欲望，即学生没有学习的动力。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“As nline curses tend t have mre than 100 students, mst f the assignments are shrt and simple. They are nt designed fr students t interact with the material in depth but designed t be graded casily t accmmdate such a large number f students.(由于在线课程往往有超过 100 名学生，因此大多数作业都简短而简单。它们不是为了让学生与材料进行深入互动而设计的，而是设计为易于评分以容纳如此多的学生。)”可知，网课上的课程任务设计不是为了让学生深入去研究课程，只是为了给众多的学生评分简便。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“There is als little interactin amngst students. It can be harder fr students t create study grups and frm relatinships with their peers.(学生之间的互动也很少。对于学生来说，创建学习小组和与同龄人建立关系可能会更加困难。)”可知，网课缺乏学生之间的互动，很难建立学习小组与同龄人建立关系，由此可知，作者认为网课缺点之一是它们几乎没有为学生提供相互建立关系的机会。故选D项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Online classes als require either a cmputer r laptp and a reliable Internet cnnectin. Nt all students have access t these types f resurces, whether it is fr financial r ther reasns, and sme students can be put at a disadvantage.(在线课程还需要一台电脑或笔记本电脑以及可靠的互联网连接。并非所有学生都能获得这些类型的资源，无论是出于经济原因还是其他原因，有些学生可能会处于不利地位。)”可知，上网课需要的硬件条件可能有些学生无法满足，由此可推断有些学生就无法上网课。故选C项。
5．推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“Hwever, they fail t prvide a genuine educatin with an emphasis n cnvenience rather than critical thinking.(然而，他们没有提供真正的教育，一味强调便捷而不是批判性思维。)”可知，作者认为在线课程一味地强调便捷而忽视了批判性思维的培养，也就不能提供真正的教育，故批判性思维的培养应是真正的教育的关键。故选D项。
（2024·天津·一模）“One f the reasns I find this tpic very interesting is because my mm was a smker when I was yunger.” says Lindsn-Hawley, wh studies tbacc and health at the University f Oxfrd.
By studying abut 700 adult smkers, she fund ut that her mm quit the right way—by stpping abruptly and cmpletely.
In her study, participants were randmly assigned t tw grups. One had t quit abruptly n a given day, ging frm abut a pack a day t zer. The ther cut dwn gradually ver the curse f tw weeks. Peple in bth grups used nictine(尼古丁) patches befre they quit, in additin t a secnd frm f nictine replacement, like gum r spray. They als had talk therapy with a nurse befre and after quit day.
Six mnths ut, mre peple wh had quit abruptly had stuck with it—mre than ne-fifth f them, cmpared t abut ne-seventh in the ther grup. Althugh these numbers appear lw, it is much higher than if peple try withut supprt.
And the quit rates were particularly cnvincing given that befre the study started, mst f the peple had said they’d rather cut dwn gradually befre quitting. “If yu’re training fr a marathn, yu wuldn’t expect t turn up and just be able t run it. And I think peple see that fr smking as well. They think, “Well, if I gradually reduce, it’s like practice.” “says Lindsn-Hawley. But that wasn’t the case. Instead f giving peple practice, the gradual reductin likely gave them cravings(瘾) and withdrawal symptms befre they even reached quit day, which culd be why fewer peple in that grup actually made it t that pint. “Regardless f yur stated preference, if yu’re ready t quit, quitting abruptly is mre effective.” says Dr. Gabriela Ferreira.“When yu can qute a specific number like a fifth f the patients were able t quit, that’s cnvincing. It gives them the encuragement, I think, t really g fr it.”Ferreira says.
Peple rarely manage t quit the first time they try. But at least, she says, they can maximize the dds f success.
6．What des Lindsn-Hawley say abut her mther?
A．She quit smking with her daughter’s help.
B．She studied the smking patterns f adult smkers.
C．She was als a researcher f tbacc and health.
D．She succeeded in quitting smking abruptly.
7．What kind f supprt did smkers receive t quit smking in Lindsn-Hawley’s study?
A．They were ffered nictine replacements.
B．They were lked after by physicians.
C．They were encuraged by psychlgists.
D．They were given physical training.
8．Hw des Dr. Gabriela Ferreira view the result f Lindsn-Hawley’s experiment?
A．It is unexpected.B．It is idealized.
C．It is encuraging.D．It is misleading.
9．The idea f “a marathn” (Para.5) illustrates the ppular belief that quitting smking
A．is a challenge at the beginningB．needs sme practice first
C．requires a lt f patienceD．is smething few can accmplish
10．What happens when peple try t quit smking gradually?
A．They feel much less pain in the prcess.B．They are simply unable t make it.
C．They shw fewer withdrawal symptms.D．They find it even mre difficult.
【答案】6．D 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了牛津大学的Lindsn-Hawley现在研究的一项课题。通过研究700名成年的吸烟者，她发现逐步戒烟有可能会更能使人上瘾甚至出现脱瘾症状。而突然戒烟更有效。
6．细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“One f the reasns I find this tpic very interesting is because my mm was a smker when I was yunger (我觉得这个话题很有趣的原因之一是因为我妈妈在我小的时候抽烟)”以及第二段讲到“By studying abut 700 adult smkers, she fund ut that her mm quit the right way—by stpping abruptly and cmpletely. (通过研究大约700名成年吸烟者，她发现她的妈妈戒烟的方法是正确的——突然彻底戒烟)”可知，根据第一段的信息可得出Lindsn-Hawley的母亲曾经是一位吸烟者，第二段中她发现她的母亲有效地戒烟了，而且很突然、很彻底。可知，Lindsn-Hawley的母亲突然成功地戒烟了。故选D。
7．细节理解题。文章第三段讲到“Peple in bth grups used nictine(尼古丁) patches befre they quit, in additin t a secnd frm f nictine replacement, like gum r spray. They als had talk therapy with a nurse befre and after quit day. (这两组人在戒烟前都使用了尼古丁贴片，此外还有第二种形式的尼古丁替代品，如口香糖或喷雾。在戒烟前后，他们还和一名护士进行了谈话治疗)”可知，提到两组志愿者在戒烟前除了使用尼古丁替代疗法之外，还使用nictine patches尼古丁贴片（一种戒烟贴）。他们还在戒烟前后接受护士的talk therapy（谈话治疗）。因此，在研究中，吸烟者接受了吸烟者尼古丁替代品支持。故选A。
8．推理判断题。文章第五段讲到“When yu can qute a specific number like a fifth f the patients were able t quit, that’s cnvincing. It gives them the encuragement, I think, t really g fr it (当你可以引用一个特定的数字，比如五分之一的患者能够戒烟，这是令人信服的。我认为，这给了他们真正努力的鼓励)”可知，Gabriela Ferreira博士认为Lindsn-Hawley的研究结果令人鼓舞。故选C。
9．词义猜测题。文章第五段第一句讲到“And the quit rates were particularly cnvincing given that befre the study started, mst f the peple had said they’d rather cut dwn gradually befre quitting (考虑到在研究开始之前，大多数人都表示他们宁愿在戒烟前逐渐减少吸烟，戒烟率尤其令人信服)”以及a marathn后文“Well, if I gradually reduce, it’s like practice (好吧，如果我逐渐减少，就像练习一样)”可知，“马拉松”的想法说明了戒烟首先需要一些练习。故选B。
10．推理判断题。文章第五段讲到“Instead f giving peple practice, the gradual reductin likely gave them cravings(瘾) and withdrawal symptms befre they even reached quit day, which culd be why fewer peple in that grup actually made it t that pint .(这种逐渐减少的做法非但没有让人们练习，反而可能在他们达到戒烟日之前就给他们带来食欲和戒断症状，这可能就是为什么这一群体中真正达到这一点的人更少的原因)”可知，当人们尝试逐渐戒烟时会发现这甚至更难。故选D。
（2024·天津·一模）We smetimes think that everything was much better and easier in the past. It’s ne f the tricks ur minds play n us, especially when we are in lw spirits.
Actually, it’s unlikely that things were bjectively better in the past. This frm f thinking is called rsy retrspectin, which is a well-studied cgnitive bias. It happens because when we think abut the past, we are mre likely t fcus n psitive generalities than annying details.
If yu think back t a hliday with yur family five years ag, yu’re likely t recall the beautiful views rather than the uncmfrtable bed. In ther wrds, the negative details disappear frm ur memry ver time while the psitive nes remain.
Rsy retrspectin can influence hw we make decisins, and it’s ne f the reasns why we easily return int prblematic relatinships. The lnger it is since we experienced the negative influence f a relatinship, the mre likely we are t let the gd memries utweigh the bad memries and t perhaps frgive unfrgivable behavir. It’s always a gd idea t review ur nstalgic (怀旧的) feelings with a healthy degree f dubt.
But rsy retrspectin des serve an imprtant purpse. It keeps us in a psitive state f mind in the present and is imprtant t ur psychlgical wellbeing. In fact, peple wh tend t remember negative experiences mre than psitive nes are likely t exhibit psychlgical disrders. Research generally suggests that ur happiest days are still t cme. And even if they’re nt, it’s still imprtant t believe that they are. Dn’t shy away frm lking upn the past with a certain degree f nstalgia. But, fr the same reasn, dn’t use the past as an excuse t be unhappy in the present.
11．When we think abut the past, we usually .
A．imprve present living cnditinsB．beautify past experiences
C．fcus n mind mappingD．play games t frget bad things
12．What des the underlined phrase “rsy retrspectin” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Having a preference fr gd memries.B．Remembering exactly abut the details.
C．Cncentrating n impssible things.D．Thinking bjectively abut the past.
13．Which f the fllwing is encuraged by the authr accrding t Paragraph 4?
A．Reviewing the nstalgic feelings critically.
B．Ignring the nstalgic feelings abslutely.
C．Frgiving the unacceptable behavir generusly.
D．Getting back t the prblematic relatinships bravely.
14．What’s the main idea f the last paragraph?
A．The gd excuse fr present unhappiness.B．The accuracy f remembering past details.
C．The imprtance f maintaining a psitive mindset.D．The negative impact f recalling past experiences.
15．What is the authr’s attitude tward rsy retrspectin accrding t the passage?
A．Negative.B．Subjective.C．Favrable.D．Objective.
【答案】11．B 12．A 13．A 14．C 15．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了我们的大脑倾向于美化过去的经历，解释了这一现象产生的原因以及影响。
11．细节理解题。根据第一段“We smetimes think that everything was much better and easier in the past.(我们有时认为过去的一切都好得多，容易得多)”可知，当我们想起过去时，我们通常会美化过去的经历。故选B。
12．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“It happens because when we think abut the past, we are mre likely t fcus n psitive generalities than annying details.(之所以会发生这种情况，是因为当我们回想过去时，我们更倾向于关注积极的概况，而不是恼人的细节)”可知，这种思维方式的出现是因为我们回想过去，更偏爱好的记忆。故划线词意思是“偏爱好的记忆”。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段“The lnger it is since we experienced the negative influence f a relatinship, the mre likely we are t let the gd memries utweigh the bad memries and t perhaps frgive unfrgivable behavir. It’s always a gd idea t review ur nstalgic (怀旧的) feelings with a healthy degree f dubt.(我们经历一段关系的负面影响的时间越长，我们就越有可能让美好的记忆超过糟糕的记忆，也许会原谅不可原谅的行为。用健康的怀疑态度来回顾我们的怀旧情绪总是一个好主意)”可知，批判性地回顾怀旧情绪是作者所鼓励的。故选A。
14．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“But rsy retrspectin des serve an imprtant purpse. It keeps us in a psitive state f mind in the present and is imprtant t ur psychlgical wellbeing. In fact, peple wh tend t remember negative experiences mre than psitive nes are likely t exhibit psychlgical disrders. Research generally suggests that ur happiest days are still t cme. And even if they’re nt, it’s still imprtant t believe that they are. Dn’t shy away frm lking upn the past with a certain degree f nstalgia. But, fr the same reasn, dn’t use the past as an excuse t be unhappy in the present.(但乐观的回顾确实有一个重要的目的。它让我们保持积极的心态，对我们的心理健康很重要。事实上，那些更倾向于记住消极经历而不是积极经历的人很可能表现出心理障碍。研究普遍表明，我们最幸福的日子还未到来。即使它们不是，重要的是要相信它们是。不要羞于带着某种程度的怀旧去回顾过去。但是，出于同样的原因，不要把过去作为现在不开心的借口)”可知，最后一段的主旨是保持积极心态的重要性。故选C。
15．推理判断题。根据第二段“Actually, it’s unlikely that things were bjectively better in the past. This frm f thinking is called rsy retrspectin, which is a well-studied cgnitive bias.(事实上，客观上讲，过去的情况不太可能比现在好。这种思维方式被称为玫瑰色回顾，这是一种经过充分研究的认知偏见)”以及最后一段“But rsy retrspectin des serve an imprtant purpse. It keeps us in a psitive state f mind in the present and is imprtant t ur psychlgical wellbeing.(但乐观的回顾确实有一个重要的目的。它让我们保持积极的心态，对我们的心理健康很重要)”可推知，作者提到了玫瑰色回顾的缺点和优点，即对玫瑰色的回顾持客观态度。故选D。
（2024·天津·一模）Dgs have been man’s best friends fr 30,000 years—and nw scientists think they knw why.
Dgs are usually nt relaxed in a lab envirnment, but with a little petting and lts f treats, they can be trained t sit still even in an MRI (磁共振成像) scanner. That’s hw researchers at Hungary’s ELTE University were able t get images f their brains at wrk.
Researcher Attila Andics said it helped them better understand the dgs’ relatinship with humans. “We have knwn fr a lng time that dgs and humans share similar scial envirnment, but nw ur results shw that dgs and humans als have similar brain mechanisms (方法；机制) t prcess scial infrmatin,” said Andics.
After training 11 dgs t stay mtinless while their brains were scanned, the researchers checked their neurlgical (神经系统的) respnses t abut 200 emtinally significant sunds, frm whining and crying t playful barking and laughing. They then cmpared the respnses frm human subjects. They fund great similarities. Andics said it pened new pssibilities fr the research.
“It establishes a fundatin f a new branch f cmparative neurscience, because until nw it was nt pssible t measure the brain activities f a nn-primate and a primate (灵长类) brain in a single experiment,” said Andies.
Evan Maclean, Prfessr in Duke University, said that the Hungarian results were an imprtant step frward.
“We’ve knwn fr a lng time that dgs have a lt f behaviral similarities cmpared t humans. But we dn’t knw anything r very little at least abut whether sme f these behavirs are represented similarly inside the brain f the dg, s this research is prviding a first glimpse int whether these behaviral similarities are underlined by similar neural prcesses,” said MacLean.
The Hungarian scientists tell rdinary dg wners t treat their dg cmpanins as intelligent friends, nt mere animals, because they evidently understand human feelings.
16．Why were treats used in the research?
A．T reduce dgs’ nervusness.
B．T help dgs live a still life.
C．T find ut dgs’ favrite fd.
D．T analyze dgs’ images f brains.
17．Thrugh the new research, the scientists find that .
A．dgs are unlikely t understand human feelings
B．dgs eagerly accept human beings as their best friends
C．dgs tend t have different respnses t different sunds
D．dgs are clse t humans in prcessing scial infrmatin
18．The researchers cmpare the neurlgical respnses f the dgs with thse f human subjects by .
A．analyzing their physical mvements
B．bserving their facial expressins
C．measuring brain activities thrugh scanning
D．assessing their different vcalizatins
19．Hw shuld we treat dgs accrding t the scientists?
A．Treating them as private prperty.
B．Cnsidering them as smart creatures.
C．Regarding them as wild animals.
D．Viewing them as tls fr specific tasks.
20．What is the value f the research?
A．T call n dg wners t treat dgs well.
B．T advance the research n dgs’ brains.
C．T establish cmparative neurscience.
D．T reveal why dgs are men’s best friends.
【答案】16．A 17．D 18．C 19．B 20．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是新的研究结果表明狗和人类也有相似的大脑机制来处理社会信息。
16．推理判断题。根据第二段“Dgs are usually nt relaxed in a lab envirnment, but with a little petting and lts f treats, they can be trained t sit still even in an MRI (磁共振成像) scanner.(狗在实验室环境中通常不会放松，但只要轻轻抚摸和大量的食物，它们就可以被训练成即使在核磁共振扫描仪中也能安静地坐着。)”可知，在研究中使用零食是为了减少狗狗的紧张情绪。故选A。
17．细节理解题。根据第三段“We have knwn fr a lng time that dgs and humans share similar scial envirnment, but nw ur results shw that dgs and humans als have similar brain mechanisms (方法；机制) t prcess scial infrmatin(我们早就知道狗和人类有着相似的社会环境，但现在我们的研究结果表明，狗和人类也有相似的大脑机制来处理社会信息)”可知，通过这项新的研究，科学家们发现狗在处理社会信息方面与人类接近。故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据第四段“After training 11 dgs t stay mtinless while their brains were scanned, the researchers checked their neurlgical (神经系统的) respnses t abut 200 emtinally significant sunds, frm whining and crying t playful barking and laughing. They then cmpared the respnses frm human subjects. They fund great similarities. Andics said it pened new pssibilities fr the research.(在对11只狗进行大脑扫描时，研究人员先训练它们保持不动，然后检查它们对大约200种具有情感意义的声音（从呜咽、哭泣到顽皮的吠叫和笑声）的神经反应。然后，他们比较了人类受试者的反应。他们发现了很多相似之处。安迪克斯说，这为研究开辟了新的可能性。)”可知，研究人员通过扫描测量大脑活动将狗和人类受试者的神经反应进行了比较。故选C。
19．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The Hungarian scientists tell rdinary dg wners t treat their dg cmpanins as intelligent friends, nt mere animals, because they evidently understand human feelings.(匈牙利科学家告诉普通的狗主人，要把他们的狗当作聪明的朋友，而不仅仅是动物，因为它们显然能理解人类的感情。)”可知，科学家们认为我们应该认为狗是聪明的生物。故选B。
20．推理判断题。根据第一段“Dgs have been man’s best friends fr 30,000 years—and nw scientists think they knw why.(3万年来，狗一直是人类最好的朋友，现在科学家们认为他们知道为什么了。)”可知，这项研究的价值是揭示了为什么狗是人类最好的朋友。故选D。
（2024·天津河北·一模）We are seeking vlunteers t jin ur prgram and make a difference in the lives f yung children by sharing the jy f reading. As we knw, in the field f educatin, the ability t read fluently and cmprehend written text hlds the key t unlcking a wrld f knwledge and pprtunities. Fr children between the ages f 5 and 10, this skill is particularly crucial, as it frms the fundatin fr their academic and persnal grwth.
An Hur a Week frm Yu
Yu’ll spend ne hur a week reading stries with a child aged 5 t 10 years, n ur secure nline platfrm. The prgram invlves tw 30-minute sessins a week with the same child, spanning six weeks. Our nline vlunteering can fit arund yur schedule and there’s n need t travel. We ask all ur vlunteers t cmplete at least three prgrams a year, s we can cntinue t supprt as many children as pssible.
A Wrld f Opprtunity fr Them
With just ne hur f yur time each week, yu can make a prfund difference in a child’s life, nurturing their lve fr reading and fstering (促进) their ability t navigate the vast cean f written cmmunicatin. In essence, yu help yung readers make prgress and pen up a wrld f pprtunity fr their future.
Remember: YOUR TIME, THEIR FUTURE
As a bkmark vlunteer, yu’ll:
**help children gain the reading skills they need t prgress at schl and in life.
**help bst a child’s cnfidence by giving them ne-t-ne attentin.
**shw that learning t read can be fun! It’s amazing when yu intrduce a yung reader t a bk, cmic, r pem that they lve.
Jin ur cmmunity! Jin us n this incredible jurney! Vlunteers can share tips and stries n ur nline frum and meet like-minded peple at the nline events. Enrich yur week. Taking time ut f yur day t read with a child can supprt yur wn well-being as yu enjy a new experience. Tgether, we can create a wrld where every child has the pprtunity t succeed bth in schl and beynd.
21．What is the impact f the reading prgram n children’s future?
A．Enhancing their future career in literature.
B．Guaranteeing academic success in higher educatin.
C．Develping children’s preference fr nline learning.
D．Creating a fundatin fr learning and future success.
22．Why are vlunteers required t participate in at least three prgrams yearly?
A．T ensure stable supprt fr children.
B．T enhance vlunteer experience.
C．T meet educatinal guidelines.
D．T reduce administrative tasks.
23．Wh are mst likely t be ptential applicants?
A．Peple hping t imprve reading skills.
B．Peple preferring ne-t-ne interactins.
C．Peple having a heart fr helping thers.
D．Peple needing supprt frm cmmunities.
24．What is the primary bjective f the reading prgram?
A．Bsting children’s literacy and passin fr reading.
B．Enhancing children’s verall academic perfrmance.
C．Prviding a platfrm fr nline scial interactins.
D．Training children t becme prfessinal writers.
25．What can be expected t gain frm the experience f reading with a child?
A．Imprvement in prfessinal skills.B．Jy in assisting a child’s grwth.
C．Free bks and cmics.D．Financial rewards.
【答案】21．D 22．A 23．C 24．A 25．B
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了阅读志愿者项目及志愿者的责任和意义。
21．
细节理解题。根据第一段“As we knw, in the field f educatin, the ability t read fluently and cmprehend written text hlds the key t unlcking a wrld f knwledge and pprtunities. Fr children between the ages f 5 and 10, this skill is particularly crucial, as it frms the fundatin fr their academic and persnal grwth. (正如我们所知，在教育领域，流利阅读和理解书面文本的能力是打开知识和机会世界的钥匙。对于5到10岁的孩子来说，这项技能尤为重要，因为它是他们学业和个人成长的基础。)”根据第三段“In essence, yu help yung readers make prgress and pen up a wrld f pprtunity fr their future.”（从本质上讲，你帮助年轻读者取得进步，为他们的未来打开一个充满机会的世界）可知阅读计划对孩子的影响是为学习和未来的成功打下基础，故选D。
22．
细节理解题。根据第二段“We ask all ur vlunteers t cmplete at least three prgrams a year, s we can cntinue t supprt as many children as pssible. (我们要求所有志愿者每年至少完成三个项目，这样我们就可以继续支持尽可能多的孩子。)”可知要求志愿者每年至少参加三个项目来确保对儿童的稳定支持，故选A。
23．
推理判断题。根据Remember: YOUR TIME, THEIR FUTURE下的“**help bst a child’s cnfidence by giving them ne-t-ne attentin. (**给予孩子一对一的关注有助于增强他们的信心。)”可知最有可能成为潜在申请人的应该是有一颗帮助他人的心的人。故选C。
24．
推理判断题。根据第三段“With just ne hur f yur time each week, yu can make a prfund difference in a child’s life, nurturing their lve fr reading and fstering (促进) their ability t navigate the vast cean f written cmmunicatin. In essence, yu help yung readers make prgress and pen up a wrld f pprtunity fr their future. (每周只花一个小时，你就能给孩子的生活带来深远的影响，培养他们对阅读的热爱，培养他们在浩瀚的书面交流海洋中航行的能力。从本质上讲，你帮助年轻读者取得进步，为他们的未来打开一个充满机会的世界。)”可知阅读计划的主要目的是提高儿童的读写能力和阅读热情，故选A。
25．
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Taking time ut f yur day t read with a child can supprt yur wn well-being as yu enjy a new experience. (从你的一天中抽出时间和孩子一起阅读，当你享受一种新的体验时，可以支持你自己的快乐。)”可知和孩子一起读书能得到帮助孩子成长的乐趣，故选B。
（2024·天津河东·一模）D yu feel stressed? Research n the mental health cnditin f senir high schl students frm China, US, Suth Krea and Japan has recently been released. The research was carried ut jintly by China Yuth and Children Research Center, Natinal Institutin fr Yuth Educatin f Japan and Natinal Yuth Plicy Institute f Krea.
The results shwed that senir high students are at the lwest pint f mental health level amng all adlescent (青春期的) stages. Cmpared t students frm the US, Suth Krea and Japan, Chinese students shw a lw level f emtinal health, self evaluatin and interpersnal supprt. Life habits (sleep, phne dependence, etc), stress and scial supprt (parental, peer and teacher supprt) are imprtant factrs affecting the mental health f senir high students in China.
Hwever, the cnfidence level f Chinese high schl students is the highest amng thse f all fur cuntries. Fr example, when it cmes t statements like “I believe I can reach my gals”, ver 80 percent f Chinese students chse “agree”. In spite f this, sme Chinese students lack a sense f self-wrth and willpwer, leading t difficulties in frming their identity in the prcess f becming adults.
Chen Yue, a mental cunselr frm a freign languages schl in Beijing, said that he has seen behavir in class that reflects the research results. “The reasns behind that can be linked t parents wh may take t much cntrl in junir high perid and nw feel kind f lst in their children’s transitinal stage t adulthd,” Chen said. “Als, students tend t attach greater imprtance t interpersnal relatinships in senir high and even link it t their self-evaluatin.”
Chen als pinted ut that students’ relatinship with phnes is delicate. “Many teachers and parents simply ban students frm using phnes withut realizing that phnes are mre than a tl f entertainment, but rather a territry f persnal space and cnnectin t the scial wrld,” said Chen, “therefre, an apprpriate amunt f freedm is crucial.”
Meanwhile, sme students have their wn way t deal with interpersnal relatinships. Chen Yeliang, a 17-year-ld senir high student, said that if she desn’t get alng with smene. she wuldn’t attribute (归因于) it t herself. “It just means that we are frm different wrlds and the time spent n each ther is nt wrth it,” she said.
26．What did the research find abut Chinese senir high students?
A．They are the mst cnfident.
B．They have the mst scial supprt.
C．They have the mst mental prblems.
D．They have the highest level f self-evaluatin.
27．Hw did researchers carry ut the study?
A．By cmparing respndents’ backgrunds.
B．By ding interviews and mental tests.
C．By cnducting a questinnaire.
D．By studying the findings f previus research.
28．What is a reasn behind Chinese students’ behavir in class accrding t Chen?
A．They value friends ver parents.B．They want t behave like adults.
C．They desire their parents’ attentin.D．They fcus mre n relatinships.
29．What will Chen Yeliang d if she desn’t get alng with thers?
A．Just let it be.B．Reflect n herself.
C．Cmmunicate penly.D．Spend mre time tgether.
30．What might be the authr’s purpse in writing this passage?
A．T shw the reasn fr feeling stressed.
B．T get the yung peple knw the result f feeling stressed.
C．T find ut hw senir high schl students get alng with thers.
D．T shw the research n the mental health cnditin f senir high schl students.
【答案】26．A 27．C 28．D 29．A 30．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍关于中、美、韩、日四国高中生心理健康状况的研究结果，详细阐述了中国高中生的心理健康状况及其影响因素，以及专家对这一现象的看法和建议。
26．细节理解题。根据第三段“Hwever, the cnfidence level f Chinese high schl students is the highest amng thse f all fur cuntries.(然而，中国高中生的自信水平在四个国家中是最高的)”可知，中国高中生是最自信的。故选A项。
27．推理判断题。根据第三段“Fr example, when it cmes t statements like “I believe I can reach my gals”, ver 80 percent f Chinese students chse “agree”.(例如，当谈到“我相信我能达到我的目标”时，超过80%的中国学生选择了“同意”)”可推知，研究人员是通过问卷调查来进行研究的。故选C项。
28．细节理解题。根据第四段“Chen Yue, a mental cunselr frm a freign languages schl in Beijing, said that he has seen behavir in class that reflects the research results. “The reasns behind that can be linked t parents wh may take t much cntrl in junir high perid and nw feel kind f lst in their children’s transitinal stage t adulthd,” Chen said. “Als, students tend t attach greater imprtance t interpersnal relatinships in senir high and even link it t their self-evaluatin.”(来自北京一所外国语学校的心理咨询师Chen Yue表示，他已经看到学生们在课堂上的行为反映了研究结果。陈说：“这背后的原因可能与父母在初中时期控制得太多有关，现在在孩子向成年的过渡阶段感到有点迷失。此外，高中生往往更加重视人际关系，甚至将其与自我评价联系起来。”)”可知，Chen Yue认为，中国学生在课堂上的行为背后的原因是他们更注重人际关系。故选D项。
29．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Chen Yeliang, a 17-year-ld senir high student, said that if she desn’t get alng with smene. she wuldn’t attribute (归因于) it t herself. “It just means that we are frm different wrlds and the time spent n each ther is nt wrth it,” she said.(17岁的高中生Chen Yeliang表示，如果她和别人相处不好。她不会把这归咎于自己。她说：“这只是意味着我们来自不同的世界，花在彼此身上的时间不值得。”)”可知，如果Chen Yeliang和别人相处不好，她只是认为他们来自不同的世界，而不会归咎于自己，所以是随它去吧。故选A项。
30．推理判断题。根据第一段“D yu feel stressed? Research n the mental health cnditin f senir high schl students frm China, US, Suth Krea and Japan has recently been released. The research was carried ut jintly by China Yuth and Children Research Center, Natinal Institutin fr Yuth Educatin f Japan and Natinal Yuth Plicy Institute f Krea.(你感到压力大吗？最近，来自中国、美国、韩国和日本的高中生心理健康状况研究报告发布。这项研究是由中国青少年研究中心、日本国立青少年教育研究所和韩国国立青少年政策研究所联合进行的)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要展示对高中生心理健康状况的调查。故选D项。
（2024·天津河东·一模）“I can’t live withut my mbile phne!” is what I ften hear peple say as they talk abut hw mbiles have becme an essential part f their lives.
The all s cmmn sight f heads bent, eyes staring at mbile screens and fingers busy tapping away repeats itself acrss majr cities arund the wrld. Whenever there is a mment t spare while n the train, taxi r waiting in a queue, peple busy themselves with their mbile phnes.
Sme peple believe ur unhealthy bsessin with mbile phnes is destrying hw we appreciate the little things in life r miss the mments that matter. The truth is that technlgy verall shuld be seen as a tl t imprve ur lives.
Mbile phnes have certainly had a great influence n ur lives, but I truly believe it’s fr the better.
It’s changed the way we cmmunicate, whether fr wrk r play. We are nw less cnstrained (限制) by time and gegraphical lcatin. With my mbile phne, I can dial int cnference calls while stuck in a traffic jam, r reply t urgent e-mails while n the g. I can send a text message r share phts and vides with friends wh aren’t living in the same cuntry. My phne calendar keeps my life rganized, and even Facebk. Twitter, and instant messaging are nw accessible frm mbile phnes!
The mbile revlutin isn’t just changing the lives f urbanite like myself. I knw f a yung Bangladeshi wman named Shmpa Akhter wh is crazy abut fashin and design. She dreamt abut starting her wn business and she did just that, pening a shp in Kushtia featuring her wn creatins. Dealing with suppliers in different twns was a prblem fr Shmpa-purchase rders had t either be hand delivered r mailed ut t suppliers. Shmpa als fund it tugh publicizing (宣传) her business t ptential custmers utside her twn. But nce she learnt t perate the mbile phne, she was addicted. The 25-year-ld businesswman nw stays in tuch easily with her suppliers. Mbile e-mail is a blessing in her life. Wh wuld have thught that mbility culd bring abut such enrmus change? It shuldn’t really be a surprise thugh.
31．The authr intends t ____by citing a cmmn saying abut mbile phnes at the beginning.
A．attract the readers’ attentin
B．intrduce the tpic
C．stress hw mbile phnes affect ur lives
D．share his wn feelings abut mbile phnes
32．In the first tw paragraphs, the authr wants t shw ____.
A．mbile phnes make peple cmmunicate less
B．mbile phnes make peple’s life mre enjyable
C．peple’s health is greatly affected by mbile phnes
D．peple becme addicted t mbile phnes in daily life
33．What’s the authr’s attitude twards mbile phnes?
A．Dubtful.B．Supprtive.C．Critical.D．Uninterested.
34．Paragraph 5 is mainly abut ____.
A．new functins f mbile phnesB．new changes in Infrmatin Age
C．the advantages f mbile phnesD．the authr’s persnal experiences
35．What d we knw abut Shmpa frm the passage?
A．She perates a fd stre.
B．She is addicted t Internet surfing.
C．Mbile e-mail is still unavailable t her.
D．Her mbile phne helped her business a lt.
【答案】31．C 32．D 33．B 34．C 35．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。当代社会，人们在日常生活中沉迷于手机，但是作者认为，手机的出现给我们的生活带来了许多积极的影响。
31．推理判断题。根据文章第一段““I can’t live withut my mbile phne!” is what I ften hear peple say as they talk abut hw mbiles have becme an essential part f their lives.(“没有手机我活不下去！”这是我经常听到人们在谈论手机如何成为他们生活中必不可少的一部分时所说的话)”及第二段“The all s cmmn sight f heads bent, eyes staring at mbile screens and fingers busy tapping away repeats itself acrss majr cities arund the wrld.(低着头，眼睛盯着手机屏幕，手指忙着敲击键盘，这种司空见惯的景象在世界各地的主要城市重演)”可知，作者在第一段引用了一句关于手机的俗语是为了强调手机如何影响我们的生活。故选C项。
32．推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容及第二段“The all s cmmn sight f heads bent, eyes staring at mbile screens and fingers busy tapping away repeats itself acrss majr cities arund the wrld. Whenever there is a mment t spare while n the train, taxi r waiting in a queue, peple busy themselves with their mbile phnes.(低着头，眼睛盯着手机屏幕，手指忙着敲击键盘，这种司空见惯的景象在世界各地的主要城市重演。在火车上、出租车上或排队等候时，只要有空闲时间，人们就会忙着玩手机)”可知，前两段作者想要说明人们在日常生活中沉迷于手机的现象。故选D项。
33．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Mbile phnes have certainly had a great influence n ur lives, but I truly believe it’s fr the better.(手机确实对我们的生活产生了很大的影响，但我真的相信它会变得更好)”推知，作者对于手机表示支持态度。故选B项。
34．主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“It’s changed the way we cmmunicate, whether fr wrk r play. We are nw less cnstrained (限制) by time and gegraphical lcatin.(它改变了我们沟通的方式，无论是工作还是娱乐。我们现在不再受时间和地理位置的限制)”及“My phne calendar keeps my life rganized, and even Facebk. Twitter, and instant messaging are nw accessible frm mbile phnes!(我的手机日历让我的生活井井有条，甚至是Facebk。Twitter和即时通讯现在可以从手机上访问)”可知，这一段作者描述了手机的优点。故选C项。
35．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Shmpa als fund it tugh publicizing (宣传) her business t ptential custmers utside her twn. But nce she learnt t perate the mbile phne, she was addicted. The 25-year-ld businesswman nw stays in tuch easily with her suppliers. Mbile e-mail is a blessing in her life.(尚帕还发现，向镇子以外的潜在客户宣传她的生意很困难。但是一旦她学会使用手机，她就上瘾了。这位25岁的女商人现在很容易与她的供应商保持联系。移动电子邮件是她生活中的幸事)”可知，Shmpa的手机对她的生意帮助很大。故选D项。
（2024·天津河西·一模）Sme peple wrry that there’s t much technlgy in ur lives. And they may have a pint, given hw cuntless peple nw carry the internet arund in their pcket and use it as a primary frm f cmmunicatin. It’s practically difficult t shun technlgy in ur wrld. There are cmputer micrchips (微芯片) in ur watches, ur cars, light switches, even ur pets! Where will it end?
Well, if certain peple have their way, it’ll g even further. We’ll have micrchips implanted int ur brains that can interact with the cmputers by thught alne. It may sund like smething frm the science fictin, but in many ways, things lk quite prmising. Thanks t the ability t send and receive infrmatin remtely via cmputers, micrchips and ther related devices have lng been put int brains.
Fr example, electrdes have been implanted in the brains f epilepsy patients t better recrd and even predict the abnrmal neurlgical (神经病学的) activity. Similarly, deep-brain stimulatin, thrugh implanted devices that cause activity in key brain regins, is an established treatment fr things like -Parkinsn’s disease, and is even being lked int fr illnesses like depressin.
Hwever, it’s anther thing t place such devices in healthy individuals. There are the practical cncerns, nt least f which is what these chips will be made f. The inside f the brain is a mass f highly reactive chemicals and electrical activity. Implants wuld need t be inert (静止的) enugh t nt upset the delicate prcesses by their presence, but als sensitive enugh t read and prcess the activity arund them. Current technlgy has made impressive prgress with this, but if it were t be rlled ut t millins f peple, we’d need t be 100 per cent certain that it’s safe.
Hw many peple will actually want t have technlgy literally put int their brain? A surprising 60 per cent f Americans say they’d be kay with it, but that’s when it’s purely. theretical. In reality, the pssibility f having strangers stick chips in yur brain is likely t prve unattractive, especially fr a ppulatin where millins get mad at fictinal micrchips in vaccines (疫苗), and even mre are frightened f dentists.
Ultimately, the technlgy f cmputer-brain interface (接口) implants is still far away frm us.
36．What’s the functin f the first paragraph?
A．A summary f the article.B．An intrductin t the main tpic.
C．An verview f the whle article.D．An argument ver the main tpic.
37．What des the underlined wrd “implanted” mean in paragraph 2?
A．T put smething int smene’s bdy by an peratin.
B．T design smething new ver a perid f time.
C．T prevent smething frm changing rapidly.
D．T get rid f smething steadily.
38．What des the authr want t tell us by the examples in paragraph 3?
A．The prcess f human-cmputer interactin.
B．The pssible treatment fr particular diseases.
C．The future f micrchips and devices alike.
D．The existing applicatin f micrchip implants.
39．Hw may mst Americans react t implanting chips in the brain in reality?
A．They may reject it.B．They may expect it.
C．They may adjust t it.D．They may feel curius abut it,
40．Which wrd can best describe the technlgy f cmputer-brain interface implants?
A．Imaginary.B．Practical.
C．Unfulfilled.D．Impssible.
【答案】36．B 37．A 38．D 39．A 40．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。在我们的世界里，几乎很难避开科技。我们的手表、汽车、电灯开关，甚至我们的宠物里都有计算机微芯片。文章主要探讨了将微芯片植入人类大脑的可能性。
36．推理判断题。根据第一段“There are cmputer micrchips (微芯片) in ur watches, ur cars, light switches, even ur pets!(我们的手表、汽车、电灯开关、甚至我们的宠物里都有计算机微芯片！)”可知，第一段提到电脑芯片在人们日常生活中已经是普遍存在，从这些事实引发思考：“Where will it end?(它将在哪里结束？)”，从而引出本文的话题：将微芯片植入人类大脑的可能性。故选B。
37．词句猜测题。根据第二段“micrchips(微芯片)”，“int ur brains(进入我们的大脑)”和“Thanks t the ability t send and receive infrmatin remtely via cmputers, micrchips and ther related devices have lng been put int brains.(由于能够通过计算机远程发送和接收信息，微芯片和其他相关设备早就被植入大脑。)”可知，微芯片是被植入大脑，划线词implanted的意思是 “植入”，和A选项“T put smething int smene’s bdy by an peratin(通过手术把某物放入某人体内)”意思相近，故选A。
38．推理判断题。 根据第二段中“Thanks t the ability t send and receive infrmatin remtely via cmputers, micrchips and ther related devices have lng been put int brains.(由于能够通过计算机远程发送和接收信息，微芯片和其他相关设备早就被植入大脑。)”和第三段“Fr example, electrdes have been implanted in the brains f epilepsy patients t better recrd and even predict the abnrmal neurlgical (神经病学的) activity. Similarly, deep-brain stimulatin, thrugh implanted devices that cause activity in key brain regins, is an established treatment fr things like -Parkinsn’s disease, and is even being lked int fr illnesses like depressin.(例如，电极被植入癫痫患者的大脑中，以更好地记录甚至预测异常的神经活动。同样，通过植入设备引起大脑关键区域活动的脑深部刺激，是治疗帕金森病等疾病的既定治疗方法，甚至正在研究治疗抑郁症等疾病。)”可推知，作者想通过例子说明微芯片植入的现有应用。故选D。
39．细节理解题。 根据倒数第二段“In reality, the pssibility f having strangers stick chips in yur brain is likely t prve unattractive, especially fr a ppulatin where millins get mad at fictinal micrchips in vaccines (疫苗), and even mre are frightened f dentists.(在现实中，让陌生人在你的大脑中植入芯片的可能性很可能被证明是没有吸引力的，尤其是对一个数百万人对疫苗中虚构的微芯片感到愤怒，甚至更多人害怕牙医的人群来说。)”可知，在现实中，大多数美国人可能会拒绝对在大脑中植入芯片。故选A。
40．推理判断题。 根据最后一段中“Ultimately, the technlgy f cmputer-brain interface (接口) implants is still far away frm us.(最终，计算机-大脑接口植入技术离我们还很遥远。)”可推知，计算机与大脑接口植入技术还未实现。故选C。
（2024·天津河西·一模）Whether yu’re cnsidering gap time directly after high schl, during cllege, r a mid-career break, taking a year ff is a great pprtunity t learn thrugh new experiences, grw beynd yur cmfrt zne, and get ut f yur rdinary rutine.
If yur hunger t travel the wrld, meet new peple, and experience new adventures can n lnger be ignred, a gap year prgram is a great pprtunity t vlunteer abrad, teach abrad, intern abrad, r attend a language schl. Whether yu’re attracted by a quick tur acrss cuntry brders n multiple cntinents, r a lng-term stay in a near r distant city, the best way t spend yur gap year is cmpletely up t yu!
Gap years are becming increasingly cmmn fr students and yung prfessinals. In fact, many find that when applying fr jbs, their gap year experience helps their resume stand ut amng a sea f qualified candidates.
Because f the ppularity f gap years, ptential gap year travelers have tns f questins like: Is taking a gap year pssible?
• Wh takes a gap year?
• Hw much des a gap year cst?
• Hw can I make the mst f my gap year?
• When is the best time t take a gap year?
• Will a gap year affect my cllege applicatins?
• What are the prs and cns f a gap year?
• Am I t ld t take a gap year?
• Are there gap year jbs available?
Here at G Overseas we have detailed infrmatin t help yu have a year f meaningful grwth thrugh explring yur interests, passins, and curisities, as well as supprting yur desire fr experiential learning, either lcally r abrad. G thrugh gap year prgram listings and reviews, read thrugh expert gap year advice and ideas, and decide hw t get the mst ut f yur gap year.
41．What d yu knw abut the gap year?
A．It is nt wrthwhile.B．It mainly suits schl students.
C．It des mre harm than gd.D．It cntributes t a new rutine.
42．Wh can cnsider taking a gap year accrding t the text?
A．Peple wh have nly been n the jb fr a year.
B．Peple wh always want t learn a new language abrad.
C．High schl students wh are tired f sitting all day lng.
D．Peple wh want t achieve wrk-life balance in the lng run.
43．What des a gap year d fr jb seekers?
A．It makes little difference t them.
B．It makes their resumes lk mre authentic.
C．It makes their ptential emplyers cnfused.
D．It increases their chances f being hired.
44．What is the purpse f the list f the questins?
A．T draw the attentin f new gap year travelers.
B．T shw the difficulties that a gap year traveler may meet.
C．T reflect what peple might want t knw abut taking a gap year.
D．T explain why peple shuld take a gap year int cnsideratin.
45．What is this text?
A．A travel guide.
B．A guide t career chices.
C．An advertisement fr taking a gap year.
D．Suggestins fr having a wnderful schl life.
【答案】41．D 42．B 43．D 44．C 45．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了间隔年的好处，列举了一些关于间隔年的各种常见问题并提供了进一步了解信息的资源与建议。
41．推理判断题。根据第一段“Whether yu’re cnsidering gap time directly after high schl, during cllege, r a mid-career break, taking a year ff is a great pprtunity t learn thrugh new experiences, grw beynd yur cmfrt zne, and get ut f yur rdinary rutine.(无论你是考虑高中毕业后的空档期，大学期间还是职业生涯中期的空档期，休息一年都是一个很好的机会，可以学习新的经验，走出你的舒适区，走出你的日常生活)”以及第二段“If yur hunger t travel the wrld, meet new peple, and experience new adventures can n lnger be ignred, a gap year prgram is a great pprtunity t vlunteer abrad, teach abrad, intern abrad, r attend a language schl.(如果你渴望周游世界，结识新朋友，经历新的冒险，那么间隔年计划是一个很好的机会，你可以在国外做志愿者，在国外教书，在国外实习，或者参加语言学校)”可知，间隔年可以学习新的经验，让人走出舒适区，走出日常生活，所以能它有助于形成一种新的生活习惯。故选D项。
42．细节理解题。根据第二段“If yur hunger t travel the wrld, meet new peple, and experience new adventures can n lnger be ignred, a gap year prgram is a great pprtunity t vlunteer abrad, teach abrad, intern abrad, r attend a language schl.(如果你渴望周游世界，结识新朋友，经历新的冒险，那么间隔年计划是一个很好的机会，你可以在国外做志愿者，在国外教书，在国外实习，或者参加语言学校)”可知，总是想在国外学习一门新语言的人可以考虑休一个间隔年。故选B项。
43．细节理解题。根据第三段“Gap years are becming increasingly cmmn fr students and yung prfessinals. In fact, many find that when applying fr jbs, their gap year experience helps their resume stand ut amng a sea f qualified candidates.(间隔年在学生和年轻专业人士中变得越来越普遍。事实上，许多人发现，在申请工作时，他们的间隔年经历有助于他们的简历在众多合格候选人中脱颖而出)”可知，对求职者来说，间隔年可以增加他们被聘用的机会。故选D项。
44．推理判断题。根据第四段“Because f the ppularity f gap years, ptential gap year travelers have tns f questins(由于间隔年的流行，潜在的间隔年旅行者有一大堆问题)”可知，问题列表的目的是为了反映了关于间隔年人们可能想了解的一些信息。故选C项。
45．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其最后一段“Here at G Overseas we have detailed infrmatin t help yu have a year f meaningful grwth thrugh explring yur interests, passins, and curisities, as well as supprting yur desire fr experiential learning, either lcally r abrad. G thrugh gap year prgram listings and reviews, read thrugh expert gap year advice and ideas, and decide hw t get the mst ut f yur gap year.(在G abrad，我们有详细的信息，通过探索你的兴趣、激情和好奇心，以及支持你在本地或国外体验式学习的愿望，帮助你有一年有意义的成长。浏览间隔年项目列表和评论，阅读专家的间隔年建议和想法，并决定如何最大限度地利用你的间隔年)”可知，本文主要介绍了休间隔年的好处，列举了一些关于间隔年的各种常见问题，并提供了可以进一步了解信息的资源；由此可知，这是一篇有关间隔年的宣传广告。故选C项。
（2024·天津红桥·一模）If smene created a flying machine able t track yu dwn by listening fr yur vice, yu might be terrified. But what if yu were trapped in ruins after a natural disaster and first respnders culdn’t lcate yu? Maybe then a human-seeking drne (无人机) wuldn’t be such a terrible idea. That cncept is the fcus fr engineers at Germany’s Fraunhfer FKIE Institute, wh’ve built a drne t find peple by detecting human screams.
“The human seeking drne wuld be ideal fr pst-disaster situatins, such as earth-quakes, hurricanes and wildfires,” said Macarena Varela, ne f the lead engineers. “They culd hver (盘旋) ver an area that rescue crews have difficulty getting t and lcate exactly where peple may be trapped.”
Lcating peple by sund presents its share f challenges. An auditry (听觉的) system wuld need t tell human cries frm sunds that ften happen in nature, such as animal calls and wind. It might als need t recgnize patterns assciated with kicking, clapping r ther ways peple try t get the attentin f rescue teams.
Engineers tk thse situatins int accunt when building ut their cncept drne. They recrded themselves screaming, tapping and creating ther nises they might be a sign f peple in truble. Then, they analyzed each sund frequency t find cmmn signatures and used thse t train artificial intelligence sftware. They als wrked t remve the nise created by the drne and ther envirnmental sunds.
Once the sftware part was cmpleted, the team placed tiny digital micrphnes under the drne and used signal prcessing techniques that enabled them t track where human nises are cming frm. The micrphnes als enhanced the vlume and clearness f the speech. S far, they have cnducted successful pen field experiments, finding that the drne can estimate a victim’s lcatin within a few secnds f picking up sund.
Next, they wuld like t add a higher frequency micrphne t a drne t acquire mre audi sund signals. The idea is t pick up nises frm hundreds f meters away, Varela said. In the real wrld, victim’s lcatin date might ne day be sent wirelessly t emergeney crews carrying a tablet.
46．What is the advantage f the human-seeking drne?
A．Its high speed f flying.B．Its lng wrking hurs.
C．Its quick respnse t screams.D．Its easy access t disaster scene.
47．What can the auditry system d?
A．Recgnize human cries.
B．Pick up sunds frm far away.
C．Send victim’s lcatin data t a tablet.
D．Imprve the quality f human screams.
48．What des the underlined wrd “signatures” in Paragraph 4 refer t?
A．Effects.B．Features.C．Symbls.D．Situatins.
49．Up t nw, engineers have successfully ________.
A．develped higher frequency micrphnes fr use n drnes
B．rescued disaster victims by using drnes t recgnize human cries.
C．cached artificial intelligence sftware t distinguish human and natural sunds
D．cmpleted utdr experiments using drnes t quickly lcate disaster victims
50．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．AI Enables Drnes t Give Better Perfrmance
B．Human-seeking Drnes Replace Rescue Crews
C．Engineers Teach Drnes t Hunt Human Screams
D．Rescuers Use Drnes t Lcate Disaster Survivrs
【答案】46．C 47．A 48．B 49．D 50．C
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款无人机，该无人机能够通过倾听声音而追踪这个人，文章介绍了其工作原理、研发背景和所面临的挑战，包括其设计目的等。
46．
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“S far, they have cnducted successful pen field experiments, finding that the drne can estimate a victim’s lcatin within a few secnds f picking up sund.(到目前为止，他们已经进行了成功的野外实验，发现无人机可以在接收到声音的几秒钟内估计出受害者的位置。)”可知，这种无人机能够在几秒内捉到声音并估计受害者的位置。这说明它能够迅速响应人的尖叫声，因此其优势在于对尖叫声的快速响应。故选C。
47．
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“An auditry (听觉的) system wuld need t tell human cries frm sunds that ften happen in nature, such as animal calls and wind.(听觉系统需要将人类的叫声与自然中经常发生的声音区分开来，比如动物的叫声和风的声音。)”可知，听觉系统能够识别人类的叫声。故选A。
48．
词句猜测题。根据第四段“Then, they analyzed each sund frequency t find cmmn signatures and used thse t train artificial intelligence sftware. (然后，他们分析每个声音频率以找到共同的signatures，并将其用于训练人工智能软件)”可推测，应该是寻找共同特征将其用到训练人工智能软件上，划线单词的意思和“特征、特点”接近。选项A“Effects (效果)”；选项B“Features (特征)”；选项C“Symbls (符号)”；选项D“Situatins (情况)”。故选B。
49．
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“S far, they have cnducted successful pen field experiments, finding that the drne can estimate a victim’s lcatin within a few secnds f picking up sund.(到目前为止，他们已经进行了成功的野外实验，发现无人机可以在接收到声音的几秒钟内估计出受害者的位置。)”可知，到目前为止，工程师们已经成功利用无人机完成户外实验，快速定位灾民。故选D。
50．
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If smene created a flying machine able t track yu dwn by listening fr yur vice, yu might be terrified. But what if yu were trapped in ruins after a natural disaster and first respnders culdn’t lcate yu? Maybe then a human-seeking drne(无人机) wuldn’t be such a terrible idea. That cncept is the fcus fr engineers at Germany’s Fraunhfer FKIE Institute, wh’ve built a drne t find peple by detecting human screams.(如果有人发明了一种飞行器，可以通过倾听你的声音来追踪你，你可能会感到害怕。但如果你在自然灾害后被困在废墟中，急救人员无法找到你呢？也许到那时，寻找人类的无人机就不会是一个糟糕的主意了。这个概念是德国Fraunhfer FKIE研究所的工程师们关注的焦点，他们制造了一架无人机，通过探测人类的尖叫声来寻找人。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了德国Fraunhfer FKIE研究所的工程师们制造了一架无人机，通过探测人类的尖叫声来寻找人，C“工程师教无人机捕捉人类尖叫声”。故选C。