特训06 阅读理解议论文（名校模拟10篇）- 高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（天津专用）

这是一份特训06 阅读理解议论文（名校模拟10篇）- 高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（天津专用），文件包含特训06阅读理解议论文名校模拟10篇原卷版-高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练天津专用docx、特训06阅读理解议论文名校模拟10篇解析版-高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练天津专用docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共39页， 欢迎下载使用。

（2024·天津河北·一模）In tday’s digital age, where a vast cean f infrmatin is just a click away, the questin arises: can ne learn t much? Given that n individual can grasp the entirety f human knwledge. Hwever, there exists a phenmenn where excessive learning can lead t inactin, a state f being verwhelmed by t much infrmatin.
Cnsider a scenari where yu’re eager t achieve a particular gal. Yu begin by cnducting extensive research, diving deep int the subject. As yu absrb mre infrmatin, it paradxically (矛盾地) feels like yur understanding diminishes. Each new cncept r strategy reveals further layers, making the gal seem mre cmplex and ut f reach.
This situatin is a cmmn trap: the endless pursuit f mre infrmatin. Althugh gaining cmprehensive knwledge is valuable, that is t say there’s nthing wrng with learning a lt, issues arise when this pursuit bstructs practical applicatin. If learning cntinuusly prevents yu frm starting, yu’ll find yurself stuck, unable t achieve yur desired utcmes.
An alternative and mre effective apprach t achieving gals is t strike a balance between learning and ding. Gather essential infrmatin, then transitin int actin swiftly, even if yu feel smewhat unprepared. This is ften the best way t learn, as hands-n experience prvides insights that theretical knwledge alne cannt.
The cmparisn with a baby learning t walk is a gd example here. A baby desn’t learn t walk by sitting and analyzing the prcess. Instead, it learns by attempting t walk, falling, and then understanding frm each fall what wrks and what desn’t. Thrugh repeated effrt, walking is eventually mastered. This methd is applicable t gal achievement t. By engaging in actin, learning frm the utcmes, and adjusting accrdingly, yu gradually mve clser t yur gals.
In summary, while the pursuit f knwledge is valuable, it’s crucial nt t let it becme a barrier t actin. Learning shuld be a stepping stne t ding, nt an end in itself. It’s thrugh the interplay f gathering knwledge and applying it that we can truly prgress twards ur aspiratins. This balanced apprach is key t vercming the paralysis f verlearning and actively mving twards realizing yur ambitins.
1．What prblem des the digital age present in learning?
A．T much infrmatin.B．Learning t inactin.
C．Online distractins.D．Technical issues.
2．What stps peple frm achieving the gal?
A．The distractin caused by unrelated tasks.
B．The inability t find relevant infrmatin.
C．The cnfusin caused by the infrmatin.
D．The desire t learn basic cncept r strategy.
3．Why is practical experience imprtant in the learning prcess?
A．It replaces cntinuus learning.
B．It is irrelevant in gaining knwledge.
C．It hlds back theretical understanding.
D．It ffers a cmprehensive understanding.
4．The example “baby learning t walk” mentined in Paragraph 5 is used t ________.
A．cmpare different learning styles
B．shw the imprtance f making mistakes
C．emphasize the need fr parental guidance
D．explain learning thrugh actin and experience
5．What makes the best title fr the passage?
A．The Paradx f Infrmatin OverladB．The Harmny f Learning and Ding
C．The Pursuit f Balanced KnwledgeD．The Prcess f Learning t Walk
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．D 5．B
【导语】本文为一篇议论文。在数字时代，过量的信息会造成学习停滞的问题，因此，在学习过程中，实践经验能帮助我们更全面的理解学习的知识，从而实现目标。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In tday’s digital age, where a vast cean f infrmatin is just a click away, the questin arises: can ne learn t much? Given that n individual can grasp the entirety f human knwledge. Hwever, there exists a phenmenn where excessive learning can lead t inactin, a state f being verwhelmed by t much infrmatin.(在今天的数字时代，海量的信息只需点击一下，问题就来了：一个人会不会学得太多？因为没有人能掌握人类的全部知识。然而，有一种现象是，过度学习可能导致无所作为，一种被太多信息淹没的状态)”可知，数字时代给学习提供了太多的信息。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Yu begin by cnducting extensive research, diving deep int the subject. As yu absrb mre infrmatin, it paradxically feels like yur understanding diminishes. Each new cncept r strategy reveals further layers, making the gal seem mre cmplex and ut f reach.(你首先要进行广泛的研究，深入研究这个主题。当你吸收的信息越多，你的理解力就越差。每一个新的概念或策略都揭示出更深的层次，使目标看起来更加复杂和遥不可及)”可知，过多的信息会让理解变得更加复杂和遥不可及，即使理解变得更混乱。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“An alternative and mre effective apprach t achieving gals is t strike a balance between learning and ding. Gather essential infrmatin, then transitin int actin swiftly, even if yu feel smewhat unprepared. This is ften the best way t learn, as hands-n experience prvides insights that theretical knwledge alne cannt.(实现目标的另一种更有效的方法是在学习和实践之间取得平衡。收集必要的信息，然后迅速采取行动，即使你觉得有些措手不及。这通常是最好的学习方式，因为实践经验提供了理论知识无法提供的见解)”可知，在学习过程中，实际经验是重要的，因为它可以通过实践帮助理解信息，提供一个全面的理解。故选D项。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“An alternative and mre effective apprach t achieving gals is t strike a balance between learning and ding. Gather essential infrmatin, then transitin int actin swiftly, even if yu feel smewhat unprepared. This is ften the best way t learn, as hands-n experience prvides insights that theretical knwledge alne cannt.(实现目标的另一种更有效的方法是在学习和实践之间取得平衡。收集必要的信息，然后迅速采取行动，即使你觉得有些措手不及。这通常是最好的学习方式，因为实践经验提供了理论知识无法提供的见解)”和倒数第二段“A baby desn’t learn t walk by sitting and analyzing the prcess. Instead, it learns by attempting t walk, falling, and then understanding frm each fall what wrks and what desn’t. Thrugh repeated effrt, walking is eventually mastered. This methd is applicable t gal achievement t. By engaging in actin, learning frm the utcmes, and adjusting accrdingly, yu gradually mve clser t yur gals.(婴儿不是通过坐着和分析走路的过程来学习走路的。相反，它通过尝试走路和摔倒来学习，然后从每次跌倒中了解什么有用，什么没用。通过反复的努力，最终学会了走路。这种方法也适用于目标实现。通过参与行动，从结果中学习，并做出相应的调整，你会逐渐接近你的目标)”可知，通过“婴儿学习走路”的例子可以解释通过行动和经验来学习这个观点。故选D项。
5．主旨大意题。根据文章全文，尤其是最后一段“In summary, while the pursuit f knwledge is valuable, it’s crucial nt t let it becme a barrier t actin. Learning shuld be a stepping stne t ding, nt an end in itself. It’s thrugh the interplay f gathering knwledge and applying it that we can truly prgress twards ur aspiratins.(总之，虽然追求知识是有价值的，但重要的是不要让它成为行动的障碍。学习应该是行动的垫脚石，而不是目的本身。只有通过收集知识和应用知识的相互作用，我们才能真正朝着我们的愿望前进)”可知，本文介绍在学习过程中，应将信息和实践相结合，这样能更好地实现目标。B选项“学与做的和谐”与本文主旨相符。故选B项。
（2024·天津河东·一模）“I can’t live withut my mbile phne!” is what I ften hear peple say as they talk abut hw mbiles have becme an essential part f their lives.
The all s cmmn sight f heads bent, eyes staring at mbile screens and fingers busy tapping away repeats itself acrss majr cities arund the wrld. Whenever there is a mment t spare while n the train, taxi r waiting in a queue, peple busy themselves with their mbile phnes.
Sme peple believe ur unhealthy bsessin with mbile phnes is destrying hw we appreciate the little things in life r miss the mments that matter. The truth is that technlgy verall shuld be seen as a tl t imprve ur lives.
Mbile phnes have certainly had a great influence n ur lives, but I truly believe it’s fr the better.
It’s changed the way we cmmunicate, whether fr wrk r play. We are nw less cnstrained (限制) by time and gegraphical lcatin. With my mbile phne, I can dial int cnference calls while stuck in a traffic jam, r reply t urgent e-mails while n the g. I can send a text message r share phts and vides with friends wh aren’t living in the same cuntry. My phne calendar keeps my life rganized, and even Facebk. Twitter, and instant messaging are nw accessible frm mbile phnes!
The mbile revlutin isn’t just changing the lives f urbanite like myself. I knw f a yung Bangladeshi wman named Shmpa Akhter wh is crazy abut fashin and design. She dreamt abut starting her wn business and she did just that, pening a shp in Kushtia featuring her wn creatins. Dealing with suppliers in different twns was a prblem fr Shmpa-purchase rders had t either be hand delivered r mailed ut t suppliers. Shmpa als fund it tugh publicizing (宣传) her business t ptential custmers utside her twn. But nce she learnt t perate the mbile phne, she was addicted. The 25-year-ld businesswman nw stays in tuch easily with her suppliers. Mbile e-mail is a blessing in her life. Wh wuld have thught that mbility culd bring abut such enrmus change? It shuldn’t really be a surprise thugh.
6．The authr intends t ____by citing a cmmn saying abut mbile phnes at the beginning.
A．attract the readers’ attentin
B．intrduce the tpic
C．stress hw mbile phnes affect ur lives
D．share his wn feelings abut mbile phnes
7．In the first tw paragraphs, the authr wants t shw ____.
A．mbile phnes make peple cmmunicate less
B．mbile phnes make peple’s life mre enjyable
C．peple’s health is greatly affected by mbile phnes
D．peple becme addicted t mbile phnes in daily life
8．What’s the authr’s attitude twards mbile phnes?
A．Dubtful.B．Supprtive.C．Critical.D．Uninterested.
9．Paragraph 5 is mainly abut ____.
A．new functins f mbile phnesB．new changes in Infrmatin Age
C．the advantages f mbile phnesD．the authr’s persnal experiences
10．What d we knw abut Shmpa frm the passage?
A．She perates a fd stre.
B．She is addicted t Internet surfing.
C．Mbile e-mail is still unavailable t her.
D．Her mbile phne helped her business a lt.
【答案】6．C 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。当代社会，人们在日常生活中沉迷于手机，但是作者认为，手机的出现给我们的生活带来了许多积极的影响。
6．推理判断题。根据文章第一段““I can’t live withut my mbile phne!” is what I ften hear peple say as they talk abut hw mbiles have becme an essential part f their lives.(“没有手机我活不下去！”这是我经常听到人们在谈论手机如何成为他们生活中必不可少的一部分时所说的话)”及第二段“The all s cmmn sight f heads bent, eyes staring at mbile screens and fingers busy tapping away repeats itself acrss majr cities arund the wrld.(低着头，眼睛盯着手机屏幕，手指忙着敲击键盘，这种司空见惯的景象在世界各地的主要城市重演)”可知，作者在第一段引用了一句关于手机的俗语是为了强调手机如何影响我们的生活。故选C项。
7．推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容及第二段“The all s cmmn sight f heads bent, eyes staring at mbile screens and fingers busy tapping away repeats itself acrss majr cities arund the wrld. Whenever there is a mment t spare while n the train, taxi r waiting in a queue, peple busy themselves with their mbile phnes.(低着头，眼睛盯着手机屏幕，手指忙着敲击键盘，这种司空见惯的景象在世界各地的主要城市重演。在火车上、出租车上或排队等候时，只要有空闲时间，人们就会忙着玩手机)”可知，前两段作者想要说明人们在日常生活中沉迷于手机的现象。故选D项。
8．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Mbile phnes have certainly had a great influence n ur lives, but I truly believe it’s fr the better.(手机确实对我们的生活产生了很大的影响，但我真的相信它会变得更好)”推知，作者对于手机表示支持态度。故选B项。
9．主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“It’s changed the way we cmmunicate, whether fr wrk r play. We are nw less cnstrained (限制) by time and gegraphical lcatin.(它改变了我们沟通的方式，无论是工作还是娱乐。我们现在不再受时间和地理位置的限制)”及“My phne calendar keeps my life rganized, and even Facebk. Twitter, and instant messaging are nw accessible frm mbile phnes!(我的手机日历让我的生活井井有条，甚至是Facebk。Twitter和即时通讯现在可以从手机上访问)”可知，这一段作者描述了手机的优点。故选C项。
10．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Shmpa als fund it tugh publicizing (宣传) her business t ptential custmers utside her twn. But nce she learnt t perate the mbile phne, she was addicted. The 25-year-ld businesswman nw stays in tuch easily with her suppliers. Mbile e-mail is a blessing in her life.(尚帕还发现，向镇子以外的潜在客户宣传她的生意很困难。但是一旦她学会使用手机，她就上瘾了。这位25岁的女商人现在很容易与她的供应商保持联系。移动电子邮件是她生活中的幸事)”可知，Shmpa的手机对她的生意帮助很大。故选D项。
（2024上·天津红桥·高三统考期末）“Lnely” is defined in the dictinary as “unhappy because yu are alne r d nt have anyne t talk t”. Hwever, in my perspective, “being alne” can als be meaningful and enjyable. In ther wrds, “being alne” isn’t equivalent t “lneliness”. Actually, we can literally enjy ur time when staying alne.
Think f lneliness as the “tunnel phase” f ur lives. It’s a time when we dn’t have a grup f friends arund t keep us cmpany; when we are away frm the hustle and bustle (熙熙攘攘) f the utside wrld; when we get the chance t tune in t ur inner mnlgue (独白); when we are given the time t recharge urselves n ur wn s that we can fcus entirely n urselves. It is during these perids that, withut being disturbed and distracted, we are able t discver the things we truly want frm ur lives. This prcess is like digging a tunnel, thrugh which we imprve urselves, achieve ur gals and get a jlt f pwer t prepare fr the r darkness we may meet with in ur future lives.
A distinguished figure skater (花滑冰运动员) nce said in his interview that he ften felt lnely, but the external envirnment wuld t sme extent affect his mind and bdy, making it difficult fr him t cncentrate during his practice and perfrmance, and thus he was actually willing t be alne and at times wuld rather be islated frm the wrld. This type f “lneliness” must be ne f the reasns why he has been able t deliver s many elabrate and splendid perfrmances thrughut his career.
S dn’t be frightened by the temprary vid r unhappy feeling when yu have t he alne. Instead, cherish and enjy the sense f lneliness yu get when yu are cmpletely free. Spend time with yurself.
We becme mre independent in lneliness. We grw strnger in lneliness. Mst imprtantly, we find ur cmplete selves in lneliness. When we learn t embrace the feeling f “lneliness” and enjy the time in which there is n ther, lneliness itself ceases t exist.
21．What’s the authr’s pinin abut “being alne”?
A．Being alne is as smething shameful
B．Being alne means being lnely and helpless
C．There is n pint in being alne.
D．We appreciate ur time mre when we are alne.
22．Hw des the authr develp Paragraph 2?
A．By prviding examples.
B．By analyzing causes.
C．By making cmparisns.
D．By listing figures.
23．Why is the distinguished figure skater mentined in the passage?
A．T shw athletes always feel lnely.
B．T demnstrate the factr f the success.
C．T indicate slitude (独处) is as imprtant as practice.
D．T cnfirm the psitive effect f “lneliness”.
24．What can we learn frm the last tw paragraphs?
A．Time spent with yurselves is mre enjyable than that with thers.
B．Peple will always feel depressed when faced with being alne.
C．Lneliness can benefit us a lt in many aspects.
D．Lneliness can exist all the time, s we shuld change ur attitude tward it.
25．What is the authr’s purpse fr writing this passage?
A．T illustrate different pinins n staying alne.
B．T encurage peple t learn t value and enjy their time f lneliness.
C．T persuade peple int staying away frm thers.
D．T ffer sme suggestins n hw t spend time alne.
【答案】21．D 22．C 23．D 24．C 25．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章谈论了“孤独”给人们带来的好处，鼓励人们学会珍惜和享受孤独的时光。
21．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Hwever, in my perspective, ‘being alne’ can als be meaningful and enjyable. In ther wrds, ‘being alne’ isn’t equivalent t ‘lneliness’. Actually, we can literally enjy ur time when staying alne. (然而，在我看来，‘独处’也可以是有意义和愉快的。换句话说，‘独处’并不等于‘孤独’。事实上，我们可以真正享受独处的时光)”可知，作者认为我们应该更珍惜独处的时光。故选D项。
22．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Think f lneliness as the “tunnel phase” f ur lives. (把孤独想象成我们生活中的“隧道阶段”)”以及“This prcess is like digging a tunnel, thrugh which we imprve urselves, achieve ur gals and get a jlt f pwer t prepare fr the r darkness we may meet with in ur future lives. (这个过程就像挖掘一条隧道，通过它我们提高自己，实现我们的目标，并获得一股力量，为我们未来生活中可能遇到的黑暗做准备)”可知，作者是通过把孤独比喻为隧道阶段展开本段的。故选C项。
23．推理判断题。根据第三段“A distinguished figure skater (花滑冰运动员) nce said in his interview that he ften felt lnely, but the external envirnment wuld t sme extent affect his mind and bdy, making it difficult fr him t cncentrate during his practice and perfrmance, and thus he was actually willing t be alne and at times wuld rather be islated frm the wrld. This type f ‘lneliness’ must be ne f the reasns why he has been able t deliver s many elabrate und splendid perfrmances thrughut his career. (一位杰出的花样滑冰运动员曾在接受采访时表示，他经常感到孤独，但外界环境会在一定程度上影响他的身心，使他在练习和表演时难以集中精力，因此他其实是愿意独处的，有时甚至宁愿与外界隔绝。这种‘孤独’一定是他在整个职业生涯中能够提供如此多精心制作和精彩表演的原因之一)”可知，文章中提到著名的花样滑冰运动员是为了确认“孤独”的积极作用。故选D项。
24．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“S dn’t be frightened by the temprary vid r unhappy feeling when yu have t he alne. Instead, cherish and enjy the sense f lneliness yu get when yu are cmpletely free. Spend time with yurself. (所以，当你不得不独自一人时，不要被暂时的空虚或不快乐的感觉所吓倒。相反，珍惜和享受你完全自由时的孤独感。花时间和自己在一起)”和最后一段“We becme mre independent in lneliness. We grw strnger in lneliness. Mst imprtantly, we find ur cmplete selves in lneliness. When we learn t embrace the feeling f ‘lneliness’ and enjy the time in which there is n ther, lneliness itself ceases t exist. (我们在孤独中变得更加独立。我们在孤独中变得更坚强。最重要的是，我们在孤独中找到完整的自我。当我们学会拥抱‘孤独’的感觉，享受没有他人的时光时，孤独本身就不复存在了)”可知，从最后两段中我们了解到孤独可以在很多方面给我们带来好处。故选C项。
25．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段中“Mst imprtantly, we find ur cmplete selves in lneliness. When we learn t embrace the feeling f ‘lneliness’ and enjy the time in which there is n ther, lneliness itself ceases t exist. (最重要的是，我们在孤独中找到完整的自我。当我们学会拥抱‘孤独’的感觉，享受没有他人的时光时，孤独本身就不复存在了)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励人们学会珍惜和享受孤独的时光。故选B项。
（2024上·天津和平·高三天津一中校考期末）Teenagers are self-cntradictry. That’s a mild and bjective way f saying smething that parents ften express with cnsiderably strnger language. But the-self-cntradictin scientific and persnal. In adlescence, helpless and dependent children wh have relied n grwn-ups fr just abut everything becme independent peple wh can take care f themselves and help each ther. At the same time, nce cheerful-and bedient children becme rebellius teenage risk-takers.
A new study published in the jurnal Child Develpment, by Eveline Crne f the University f Leiden and clleagues, suggests that the psitive and negative sides f teenagers g hand in hand. The study is part f a new wave f thinking abut adlescence. Fr a lng time, scientists and plicy makers cncentrated n the idea that teenagers were a prblem that needed t be slved. The new wrk emphasizes that adlescence is a time f pprtunity as well as risk.
The researchers studied “prscial”(亲社会)and rebellius traits in mre than 200 children and yung adults, ranging frm 11 t 28 years ld. The participants filled ut questinnaires abut hw ften they did things that were selfless and psitive, like sacrificing their wn interests t help a friend, r rebellius and negative, like getting drunk r staying ut late.
Other studies have shwn that rebellius behavir increases as yu becme a teenager and then fades away as yu grw lder. But the new study shws that, interestingly, the same is true fr prscial behavir. Teenagers were mre likely than yunger children r adults t reprt that they did things like unselfishly help a friend.
Mst significantly, there was a psitive crrelatin between prsciality and rebelliusness. The teenagers wh were mre rebellius were als mre likely t help thers. The gd and bad sides f adlescence seem t develp tgether. Is there sme cmmn factr that underlies these apparently cntradictry develpments? One idea is that teenage behavir is related t what researchers call “reward sensitivity.” Decisin-making always invlves balancing rewards and risks, benefits and csts. “Reward sensitivity” measures hw much reward it takes t utweigh risk.
Teenagers are particularly sensitive t scial rewards—winning the game, impressing a new friend, getting that by t ntice yu. Reward sensitivity, like prscial behavir and risk-taking, seems t g up in adlescence and then dwn again as we age. Smehw, when yu hit 30, the chance that smething exciting and new will happen at that party just desn’t seem t utweigh the effrt f getting up ff the cuch.
26．Accrding t Paragraph 1, children grwing int adlescence tend t .
A．see the wrld in an unreasnable way
B．develp ppsite persnality traits
C．have fnd memries f their past
D．shw affectin fr their parents
27．It can be learned frm Paragraph 2 that Crne’s study .
A．prvides a new insight int adlescence
B．explres teenagers’ scial respnsibilities
C．examines teenagers’ emtinal prblems
D．highlights negative adlescent behavir
28．What des Crne’s study find abut prscial behavir?
A．It results frm the wish t cperate.
B．It tends t peak in adlescence.
C．It is cultivated thrugh educatin.
D．It is subject t family influence.
29．It can be learned frm the last tw paragraphs that teenagers .
A．verstress their influence n thers
B．becme anxius abut their future
C．endeavr t live a jyful life
D．care a lt abut scial recgnitin
30．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Why teenagers are risk-sensitive.
B．Hw teenagers develp prsciality.
C．Why teenagers are self-cntradictry.
D．Hw teenagers becme independent.
【答案】26．B 27．A 28．B 29．D 30．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章通过引用克罗恩的一项新的研究发现，论述了为什么青少年是自相矛盾的。
26．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In adlescence, helpless and dependent children wh have relied n grwn-ups fr just abut everything becme independent peple wh can take care f themselves and help each ther. At the same time, nce cheerful-and bedient children becme rebellius teenage risk-takers.（在青春期，无助和依赖成年人的孩子几乎在所有事情上都依赖成年人，成为能够照顾自己和互相帮助的独立的人。与此同时，曾经快乐听话的孩子变成了叛逆的青少年冒险者。）”可知，进入青春期后的少年，性格上会反转：曾经的无助、依赖的孩子会变得能够照顾自己、独立；曾经快乐听话的孩子变成了叛逆的青少年冒险者。故选B。
27．推理判断题。根据第二段“A new study published in the jurnal Child Develpment, by Eveline Crne f the University f Leiden and clleagues, suggests that the psitive and negative sides f teenagers g hand in hand. The study is part f a new wave f thinking abut adlescence. Fr a lng time, scientists and plicy makers cncentrated n the idea that teenagers were a prblem that needed t be slved. The new wrk emphasizes that adlescence is a time f pprtunity as well as risk.（莱顿大学的伊芙琳·克罗恩及其同事在《儿童发展》杂志上发表的一项新研究表明，青少年的积极和消极一面是相辅相成的。这项研究是对青春期新一波思考的一部分。很长一段时间以来，科学家和政策制定者都认为青少年是一个需要解决的问题。这项新研究强调，青春期是一个充满机遇和风险的时期。）”可知，克罗恩的调查表明，青少年的积极和消极一面是相辅相成的。同时，这项新研究强调，青春期是一个充满机遇和风险的时期。可推知，该研究提供了对青春期的新见解。故选A。
28．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Other studies have shwn that rebellius behavir increases as yu becme a teenager and then fades away as yu grw lder. But the new study shws that, interestingly, the same is true fr prscial behavir.（其他研究表明，叛逆行为在青少年时期会增加，然后随着年龄的增长而逐渐消失。但有趣的是，这项新研究表明，亲社会行为也是如此。）”可知，其他研究表明：叛逆行为在青少年时期会增加，然后随着年龄的增长而逐渐消失，克罗恩的研究中，亲社会的行为也是如此，即亲社会行为像叛逆行为一样，会在青少年时达到顶峰，之后会逐渐消失。故选B。
29．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Mst significantly, there was a psitive crrelatin between prsciality and rebelliusness. The teenagers wh were mre rebellius were als mre likely t help thers. The gd and bad sides f adlescence seem t develp tgether. Is there sme cmmn factr that underlies these apparently cntradictry develpments? One idea is that teenage behavir is related t what researchers call “reward sensitivity.” Decisin-making always invlves balancing rewards and risks, benefits and csts. “Reward sensitivity” measures hw much reward it takes t utweigh risk.（最重要的是，亲社会与叛逆之间存在正相关。更叛逆的青少年也更有可能帮助别人。青春期的好与坏似乎是同时发展的。这些明显矛盾的发展背后是否存在一些共同因素？一种观点认为，青少年的行为与研究人员所说的“奖励敏感性”有关。决策总是涉及到平衡回报与风险、利益与成本。”“奖励敏感性”衡量的是需要多少回报才能超过风险。）”最后一段中“Teenagers are particularly sensitive t scial rewards—winning the game, impressing a new friend, getting that by t ntice yu. Reward sensitivity, like prscial behavir and risk-taking, seems t g up in adlescence and then dwn again as we age. （青少年对社会奖励特别敏感——赢得游戏，给新朋友留下深刻印象，让那个男孩注意到你。奖励敏感性，如亲社会行为和冒险行为，似乎在青春期上升，然后随着年龄的增长再次下降。）”可知，青少年对于如赢得游戏，给新朋友留下深刻印象，让那个男孩注意到你等社会奖励特别敏感，说明青少年很在乎他们被别人的认可。故选D。
30．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合文章第一段“Teenagers are self-cntradictry. That’s a mild and bjective way f saying smething that parents ften express with cnsiderably strnger language. But the-self-cntradictin scientific and persnal. In adlescence, helpless and dependent children wh have relied n grwn-ups fr just abut everything becme independent peple wh can take care f themselves and help each ther. At the same time, nce cheerful-and bedient children becme rebellius teenage risk-takers.（青少年是自相矛盾的。这是一种温和而客观的方式来表达父母经常用相当强硬的语言表达的东西。但是科学和个人的自相矛盾。在青春期，无助和依赖成年人的孩子几乎在所有事情上都依赖成年人，成为能够照顾自己和互相帮助的独立的人。与此同时，曾经快乐听话的孩子变成了叛逆的青少年冒险者。）”可知，文章在第一段中提到了青少年是自相矛盾的，同时提到了青春期时期，青少年的性格会反转。之后在第二段中提到了克罗恩的一项研究，该研究提供了对青春期的新见解。第三段引入了对青少年亲社会行为的研究，第四段讲述了亲社会行为和其他的叛逆行为一样，会在青少年时达到顶峰，之后会逐渐消失。最后两段论述了人们对于青春期的好与坏这些明显矛盾的发展背后存在一些共同因素的探索。可推知，本文主要论述了为什么青少年是自相矛盾，故选C。
（2023·天津南开·统考二模）We are encuntering real-wrld examples f hw AI can harm human relatins. As digital assistants such as Alexa r Siri becme ppular, we becme accustmed t talking t them as thugh they were alive. Writing in these pages several years ag, Judith Shulevitz described hw sme f us are starting t treat them as friends and therapists. Shulevitz herself says she cnfesses (忏悔) things t Ggle Assistant that she wuldn’t tell her husband. If we grw mre cmfrtable talking t ur devices abut ur secrets, what happens t ur human marriages and friendships? Designers and prgrammers typically create devices whse respnses make us feel better — but may nt help us be self-reflective r think ver painful truths. As AI ges deeper int ur lives, we must face the pssibility that it will prevent ur emtins and deep human cnnects.
Besides, we will fight with sme ther challenges. The age f driverless cars, after all, is upn us. These vehicles prmise t cnsiderably reduce the exhaustin and distractin that put human drivers in danger, thus preventing accidents. But what ther effects might they have n peple? Driving is a very mdern kind f scial interactin, requiring high levels f cperatin. I wrry that driverless cars, by taking away frm us an ccasin t exercise this ability, culd cntribute t its decline.
Nt nly will these vehicles be prgrammed t take ver driving duties and hence t remve frm humans the pwer t make mral judgments (fr example, abut which pedestrian t hit when a crash is unavidable), they will als affect humans with whm they’ve had n direct cntact. Fr instance, drivers wh have steered awhile alngside an autnmus vehicle traveling at a steady, changeless speed might drive less attentively, thus increasing their likelihd f accidents nce they’ve mved t a part f the highway ccupied nly by human drivers. Alternatively, experience may reveal that driving alngside autnmus vehicles travelling in perfect accrdance with (按照) traffic laws actually imprves human perfrmance.
Either way, we shuld be careful t launch new frms f AI withut first taking such unexpected scial effects int accunt. We must apply the same effrt that we apply t the hardware and sftware that make self-driving cars pssible t managing AI’s ptential effects n thse utside the car. After all, we install brake lights n the back f yur car nt just, r even primarily, fr yur benefit, but fr the sake f the peple behind yu.
1．What can be inferred abut human relatinships frm the first paragraph?
A．AI will lead t distant inter-persnal relatinships.
B．We will feel cmfrtable speaking t thers nline.
C．AI will enable peple t cmmunicate mre with thers.
D．We will be mre self-reflective in interactin thanks t AI.
2．In Paragraph 2, the phrase “its decline” refers t the decline in ________.
A．drivers’ interactin with the cars
B．drivers’ exhaustin and distractin
C．ur ability t cperate with thers while driving
D．ur ability t deal with emergencies while driving
3．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing statements is true f driverless cars?
A．They may be better at making mre judgments than human drivers.
B．They need t vary their speed t make cntact with human drivers.
C．They may make human drivers in ther cars drive mre safely.
D．They need t frce human drivers t cncentrate in the car.
4．Which f the fllwing is the writer mst likely t agree with?
A．Brake lights n the back f ur car are installed mainly t warn us f danger.
B．We shuld figure ut hw new technlgy affects peple befre develping it.
C．We can launch new frms f AI withut thinking f unexpected scial effects.
D．Mre effrts shuld be made t advance the hardware and sftware f driverless cars.
5．What’s the authr’s purpse f writing this passage?
A．T present the challenges brught by AI.
B．T explain the reasn why AI may harm human relatins.
C．T put frward hw t slve the unexpected effect f AI.
D．T discuss the advantages and disadvantages f driverless cars.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．D 5．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过日常生活中Alexa和Siri的例子，提出自己的论点——人工智能会阻止人们之间更深层次的交流。接着开始提出自己对于无人驾驶汽车的看法和担忧，并提出需要进一步提升无人驾驶汽车的软件和硬件，让它们更好、更安全地服务于人们。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“As AI ges deeper int ur lives, we must face the pssibility that it will prevent ur emtins and deep human cnnects. (随着人工智能深入我们的生活，我们必须面对这样一种可能性，即它将阻止我们的情感和深层次的人际联系)”可推知，作者认为人工智能会导致人与人之间的联系变得越来越肤浅、浅显。故选A。
2．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“But what ther effects might they have n peple? Driving is a very mdern kind f scial interactin, requiring high levels f cperatin.(但它们还会对人类产生什么影响呢？开车是一种非常现代的社会互动，需要高度的合作)”及划线词所在句“I wrry that driverless cars, by taking away frm us an ccasin t exercise this ability, culd cntribute t its decline.(我担心，无人驾驶汽车夺走了我们锻炼这种能力的机会，可能会导致这种它的衰落)”可知，“its decline”指的是前文“this ability”的衰弱和下降，而“this ability”指代上文中的“high levels f cperatin”，即开车时的合作能力。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Fr instance, drivers wh have steered awhile alngside an autnmus vehicle traveling at a steady, changeless speed might drive less attentively, thus increasing their likelihd f accidents nce they’ve mved t a part f the highway ccupied nly by human drivers. Alternatively, experience may reveal that driving alngside autnmus vehicles travelling in perfect accrdance with (按照) traffic laws actually imprves human perfrmance.(例如，在一辆以稳定不变速度行驶的自动驾驶汽车旁边驾驶了一段时间的司机可能会不太注意驾驶，因此，一旦他们行驶到只有人类司机占据的高速公路路段，发生事故的可能性就会增加。经验表明，与完全遵守交通法规行驶的自动驾驶汽车并排行驶实际上会提高人的表现)”可知，无人驾驶汽车能降低其他车辆中的司机出现交通事故的概率，也就是说它们能使人类驾驶员在其他车辆中更安全。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We must apply the same effrt that we apply t the hardware and sftware that make self-driving cars pssible t managing AI’s ptential effects n thse utside the car. After all, we install brake lights n the back f yur car nt just, r even primarily, fr yur benefit, but fr the sake f the peple behind yu.(我们必须付出使自动驾驶汽车成为可能的硬件和软件所付出的同样努力，来管理人工智能对车外人员的潜在影响。毕竟，我们在你的车后面安装刹车灯不仅仅是，甚至主要是为了你的利益，而是为了你后面的人)”可推知，作者认为对于自动驾驶汽车，我们应该努力提高它的硬件和软件，让它更加安全。故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“We are encuntering real-wrld examples f hw AI can harm human relatins.(我们正在遇到人工智能如何损害人际关系的现实例子)”和第二段中的“Besides, we will fight with sme ther challenges. The age f driverless cars, after all, is upn us.(此外，我们将与其他一些挑战作斗争。毕竟，无人驾驶汽车的时代已经来临)”及第三段中的“Nt nly will these vehicles be prgrammed t take ver driving duties and hence t remve frm humans the pwer t make mral judgments (fr example, abut which pedestrian t hit when a crash is unavidable), they will als affect humans with whm they’ve had n direct cntact.(这些车辆不仅会被编程为接管驾驶职责，从而剥夺人类做出道德判断的权力(例如，当碰撞不可避免时，该撞哪位行人)，它们还会影响到与它们没有直接接触的人类)”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是展示人工智能带来的挑战。故选A。
（2023·天津·二模）Machines wrk well at a cnstant speed—and the faster the better. They are designed and built fr it. Whether they are spinning cttn r dealing with numbers, regular, repetitive actins are what they excel at.
Increasingly, ur wrld is being designed by machines, fr machines. We adapt t machines and hld urselves t their standards: Peple are judged by the speed with which they respnd, nt the quality f their respnse. Such ideas are being wven int ur culture. “Always n” becmes smething t bast f, r aspire t.
Mst f us are busy mst f the time, if nt with wrk then with family, dmestic tasks r ur scial netwrks—real and virtual. When I ask peple hw they are ding, they almst always answer “busy”. Ticking things ff the “t d” list becmes a means f defining urselves.
A few years ag, I became very interested in what it means t pause. I started t ntice where pauses shw up in my wn wrk and life. Fr example, I realized that when I was writing, a shrt walk was a mre effective way t break a creative blck than cncentrating harder.
I realized that a pause is nt nthing. It acts as a kind f switch r pening. As Helene Simnsen, a classical musician, says, “Whatever yu are ding, if yu want smething else t happen, yu need t pause.” It is nt a fixed unit f time. It might be taking a mment befre yu enter a rm, but it culd als be a “screen-free Saturday”, a “Think Week” every tw years (which wrks fr Bill Gates) r a year-lng vacatin. Hwever fast yu are mving, there is always the chance t pause—t rest, reflect r refresh f curse, but als t appreciate, get perspective, cnnect t thers, r have new ideas.
There is mre t life than getting things dne. Time, as we experience it, varies wildly. A minute eating ice-cream is nt the same as a minute ding push-ups. Even time itself isn’t a unifrm raw material—as the physics f Einstein shws. Try t let g f the idea that time is linear (直线型), regular and bjective, and think f it in the same way we experience it. Instead f setting wrk and life against each ther, use pauses t leaven (为增色) yur experience. Pause is like yeast (酵母): yu dn’t need much, but it is a vital ingredient.
I want t give pauses mre visibility, imprtance and status. My hpe is that each f us can use pauses, great and small, t avid sliding int a mde where we act like prly perfrming machines.
51．What can we learn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．The widespread use f machines has destryed ur life.
B．Peple have becme quite bsessed with respnse speed.
C．Peple always get pleasure frm cmpeting with machines.
D．It’s difficult fr peple t adapt t a highly mechanized life.
52．The underlined phrase “Ticking things ff the ‘t d’ list” in paragraph 3 is clsest in meaning t ________.
A．learning t slw dwn
B．cncentrating n ne thing
C．selecting what we shuld d
D．getting things dne ne by ne
53．Accrding t the authr, hw des taking a pause benefit us in a busy life?
A．It makes yur life dynamic and delightful.
B．It imprves ur wrking efficiency greatly.
C．It helps develp interpersnal cnnectins.
D．It enables peple t d what they want t d.
54．Which f the fllwing statements best sums up the authr’s understanding f time?
A．Time can never get returned.
B．Time exists in the frm f lines.
C．Time is precius that we all need t cherish.
D．Time is what everyne experiences uniquely.
55．What message des the authr want t cnvey abut “pauses” at the end f the passage?
A．They are useless if taken fr shrt perids f time.
B．They are fr thse wh have t much spare time.
C．They play a vital rle in ur well-being and creativity.
D．They bring harm t ur ability t perfrm efficiently.
【答案】51．B 52．D 53．A 54．D 55．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述的是在这个人人都忙的社会适时按下暂停键，可以避免陷入一种我们就像表现不佳的机器一样的模式。
51．推理判断题。根据首段中的“Machines wrk well at a cnstant speed—and the faster the better.(机器以恒定的速度运转良好——而且越快越好)”以及第二段中的“We adapt t machines and hld urselves t their standards: Peple are judged by the speed with which they respnd, nt the quality f their respnse.(我们适应机器，按照机器的标准来要求自己:人们的评判标准是反应的速度，而不是反应的质量。)”可知，我们人类像机器一样，判断标准是反映的速度而不是质量，由此可知，人们痴迷于反应速度。故选B项。
52．词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Mst f us are busy mst f the time, if nt with wrk then with family, dmestic tasks r ur scial netwrks—real and virtual. When I ask peple hw they are ding, they almst always answer “busy”.(我们大多数人大部分时间都很忙，如果不是忙于工作，那么就是忙于家庭、家务或我们的社交网络——不管是真实的还是虚拟的。当我问人们近况如何时，他们几乎总是回答“很忙”。)”可知，大多数人大部分时间都是很忙，忙工作、忙家务，各种忙，由此可知，本段讲述的内容与“忙”相关，所以划线短语所在的句子所描述的内容应与本段主题“忙”相关，结合选项，“一个接一个地做事情”与本段的主题吻合。故选D项。
53．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“Hwever fast yu are mving, there is always the chance t pause—t rest, reflect r refresh f curse, but als t appreciate, get perspective, cnnect t thers, r have new ideas.(无论你走得有多快，总有机会停下来休息、反思或刷新，但也要欣赏、获得视角、与他人联系或有新的想法。)”可知，在忙碌的时候，按下暂停键，可以让我们得到休息，重新振奋精神，去欣赏，从不同角度获得新的见解或不同的想法，由此推断，在忙碌的生活中按下暂停键会让生活充满活力和快乐。故选A项。
54．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Time, as we experience it, varies wildly. A minute eating ice-cream is nt the same as a minute ding push-ups. Even time itself isn’t a unifrm raw material—as the physics f Einstein shws. Try t let g f the idea that time is linear (直线型), regular and bjective, and think f it in the same way we experience it.(我们所经历的时间变化很大。一分钟吃冰淇淋和一分钟做俯卧撑是不一样的。甚至时间本身也不是一种统一的原材料——正如爱因斯坦的物理学所表明的那样。试着放弃时间是线性的、有规律的和客观的想法，以我们经历它的方式来思考它。)”可知，我们所经历的时间大不相同，时间本身也不是统一的原材料，作者建议放弃时间是线性的观点，用我们自己体验它的方式来思考它，由此可推断，作者认为时间是每个人独特的体验。故选D项。
55．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I want t give pauses mre visibility, imprtance and status. My hpe is that each f us can use pauses, great and small, t avid sliding int a mde where we act like prly perfrming machines.(我想赋予停顿更多的可见度、重要性和地位。我的希望是，我们每个人都能利用或大或小的停顿，避免陷入一种像表现不佳的机器一样的模式。)”可知，作者希望人们不会像机器一样，做着有规律地重复动作，我们应该利用好大大小小的暂停，结合倒数第二段中的“Instead f setting wrk and life against each ther, use pauses t leaven (为增色) yur experience. Pause is like yeast (酵母): yu dn’t need much, but it is a vital ingredient.(不要把工作和生活对立起来，要利用停顿来丰富你的经历。暂停就像酵母：你不需要太多，但它是至关重要的成分。)”可知，我们不是把工作与生活对立起来，而是使用暂停让生活充满色彩，暂停像酵母一样，不需要很多，但是很重要，由此可推断，暂停在对我们的幸福和创造力起着至关重要的作用。故选C项。
（2023·天津滨海新·三模）Have yu ever cme ut f a steamy ht shwer and tried t lk at yur reflectin in the mirrr when it’s cmpletely steamed and fgged up? I ften think that is hw we tend t view ur beauty—thrugh fgged up mirrrs. We are seeing urselves but the picture isn’t exactly clear! The mirrrs have been fgged up thrugh different life experiences and memries as we have grwn up, and nw blend tgether t frm ur wn definitin f ur beauty.
The first mirrr is frmed as a yung child and is ften based n what was said abut us frm ur parents and thse arund us. I remember being tld that I was a cute child, s that when I gt a little lder and was arund six r seven and anther child tried t tell me I was ugly- everything within me rse up against the statement because my self-belief in what my parents had said std strng.
The secnd mirrr is the mirrr f adlescence, thse frmative years when we are pushed int the big wild wrld and ut f the prtectin f hme. As a teenager I went t a barding schl, and I was ne f the nly tw black peple in the entire schl. Children being naturally curius, I felt like I was asked a millin and ne different questins abut bth my hair and skin tne- -and I dn’t think there has ever been a time when I have been mre acutely aware f my appearance, which in turn pened up the dr fr me t questin hw I lked and t thankfully embrace my differences.
The final mirrr cmes frm scially cnstructed ideas f beauty. We are ften faced with numerus images in the media, ppular culture, sciety, peers and scial media, which can create a false ideal f beauty in ur eyes. We tend t cmpare urselves t thse ideals and use it as sme srt f margin (差值) f measurement.
Hwever, real beauty cmes frm within. It is acceptance f yurself, perceived flaws and all. Yu are a masterpiece, a unique blend f genes and life experiences. It’s essential t appreciate yurself like any ther wrk f art r natural wnder, withut judgement. Maybe it’s time t create a furth mirrr, a new mirrr that is wiped clean and is minus the fg f cmparisns, accusatins, judgments and expectatins.
56．What d the fgged-up mirrrs represent accrding t the first paragraph?
A．The difficulties f seeing neself in the mirrr.
B．The varius surces f beauty standards.
C．The unclear perceptins f ne’s beauty.
D．The life experiences and memries.
57．Hw did the authr react when smene called her ugly?
A．She felt embarrassed.
B．She cmpletely denied it.
C．She sught cmfrt frm her parents.
D．She questined what her parents had said.
58．What can we learn abut scial cnstructed ideas f beauty?
A．They push teens ut f hme prtectin.
B．They aruse acute awareness f ne’s appearance.
C．They may mislead peple’s idea f beauty.
D．They are the exact measurement f beauty.
59．What des the authr suggest as a pssible furth mirrr?
A．A mirrr nt affected by external factrs.
B．A mirrr ging against sciety’s expectatins.
C．A mirrr reflecting ne’s childhd experiences.
D．A mirrr shwing the beauty ideals frm scial media.
60．The passage is mainly written t tell us that we shuld________.
A．bring happiness t thse arund us
B．keep ur reslve despite bstacles
C．change urselves t achieve an ideal
D．embrace ur real inner beauty
【答案】56．C 57．B 58．C 59．A 60．D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。在我们成长中，不同的生活经历和记忆赋予了我们对美的定义。在我们的成长过程中有三面镜子，第一面镜子是在孩童时期形成的，通常是基于父母和周围人对我们的评价；第二面镜子是青春期的镜子，在成长的岁月里，我们被推进大自然的世界，脱离了家的保护，意识到自己的不同；第三面镜子来自社会建构的美的观念。作者通过介绍这三面镜子，告诉我们真正的美来自内心，要接受自己的一切。
56．细节理解题。根据第一段中“I ften think that is hw we tend t view ur beauty—thrugh fgged up mirrrs. We are seeing urselves but the picture isn’t exactly clear!The mirrrs have been fgged up thrugh different life experiences and memries as we have grwn up, and nw blend tgether t frm ur wn definitin f ur beauty.(我常常认为这就是我们看待自己美丽的方式——透过雾蒙蒙的镜子。我们看到了我们自己，但是画面不是很清楚！随着我们的成长，镜子已经被不同的生活经历和记忆所模糊，现在融合在一起，形成了我们自己对美的定义。)”可知，第一段中提到的被雾遮住的镜子指的是人们对美的模糊认识。故选C。
57．细节理解题。根据第二段中“I remember being tld that I was a cute child, s that when I gt a little lder and was arund six r seven and anther child tried t tell me I was ugly- everything within me rse up against the statement because my self-belief in what my parents had said std strng.(我记得有人告诉我，我是一个可爱的孩子，所以当我长大一点，大概六七岁的时候，另一个孩子试图告诉我我很丑——我内心的一切都站起来反对这种说法，因为我对父母说的话的自信是坚定不移的。)”可知，当有人说作者丑时，她完全否认这种说法，故选B。
58．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“We are ften faced with numerus images in the media, ppular culture, sciety, peers and scial media, which can create a false ideal f beauty in ur eyes.(我们经常在媒体、大众文化、社会、同龄人和社交媒体上面对大量的形象，这些形象会在我们眼中营造出一种错误的美的理想。)”可知，从社会建构的美的观念可能会误导人们对美的看法。故选C。
59．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hwever, real beauty cmes frm within. It is acceptance f yurself, perceived flaws and all. Yu are a masterpiece, a unique blend f genes and life experiences. It’s essential t appreciate yurself like any ther wrk f art r natural wnder, withut judgement. Maybe it’s time t create a furth mirrr, a new mirrr that is wiped clean and is minus the fg f cmparisns, accusatins, judgments and expectatins.(然而，真正的美来自内心。这就是接受你自己，接受你自己的缺点和所有的一切。你是一个杰作，一个独特的融合基因和生活经验。像欣赏其他艺术作品或自然奇观一样欣赏自己是必不可少的，不要妄加评判。也许是时候创造第四面镜子了，一面被擦得干干净净、没有比较、指责、判断和期望的迷雾的新镜子。)”可推知，作者认为第四面镜子是一面不受外界影响的镜子，故选A。
60．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“Hwever, real beauty cmes frm within. It is acceptance f yurself, perceived flaws and all. Yu are a masterpiece, a unique blend f genes and life experiences. It’s essential t appreciate yurself like any ther wrk f art r natural wnder, withut judgement. (然而，真正的美来自内心。这就是接受你自己，接受你自己的缺点和所有的一切。你是一个杰作，一个独特的融合基因和生活经验。像欣赏其他艺术作品或自然奇观一样欣赏自己是必不可少的，不要妄加评判。)”可知，在我们成长中，不同的生活经历和记忆赋予了我们对美的定义。在我们的成长过程中有三面镜子，第一面镜子是在孩童时期形成的，通常是基于父母和周围人对我们的评价；第二面镜子是青春期的镜子，在成长的岁月里，我们被推进大自然的世界，脱离了家的保护，意识到自己的不同；第三面镜子来自社会建构的美的观念。作者通过介绍这三面镜子，告诉我们真正的美来自内心，要接受自己的一切。由此可推知，这篇文章的主要目的是告诉我们要拥抱我们真正的内在美，故选D。
（2023·天津河北·统考一模）If I culd give tday’s yung peple three wishes, they wuld be: mre hugs, mre time utside in nature, mre belief in their wn pwer t change the wrld. The third ne leaves sme peple wndering why yung peple’s belief in their wn pwer is s essential.
Let’s start with the idea that all f us – especially yung peple – need heres. Our mdern sciety is terribly cnfused abut the difference between a celebrity and a her. A celebrity is all abut fame – temprary, superficial fame, usually fr qualities that are easy t see: a pretty face, a great dance mve, etc. A her, by cntrast, is abut character- qualities under the surface that aren’t seen until they take actin.
Heres are all arund us. They truly hld ur wrld tgether, thrugh their unselfish devtin t helping thers, teaching children, and prtecting the envirnment. They dn’t want fame, r glry; they just want t help. In s many ways, these unsung heres pilt the bat in which all f us sail.
Yet, yung peple hear a lt mre abut celebrities than abut heres in the media. The hidden message they get frm all this is that their self-wrth cmes frm what they buy – which shes, which cell phne – nt wh they are dwn inside. What gets lst in this? Yung peple’s sense f their wn ptential fr heric qualities – their wn pwer t – make a psitive difference in the wrld. Truth is, there is a ptential her, a future difference maker, in every yung persn.
Hw d we help yung peple believe in their wn pwer? The best way is simply t share examples f ther yung peple wh have made a difference.
Barbara grew up n a farm in Texas. When she realized that lcal farmers were puring their used mtr il int rivers, causing pllutin, she rganised the creatin f a recycling centre fr crude il (原油). Her prject has grwn t include 18 recycling centres in Texas.
The list culd cntinue. These are but a few examples f yung peple wh have discvered that they can build n their wn energy t d smething great.
11．What is the authr’s purpse in writing Paragraph 2?
A．T give examples f celebrities and heres arund us.
B．T discuss the distinctins between celebrities and heres.
C．T illustrate the details abut being celebrities and heres.
D．T explain the meanings f the wrds “celebrity” and “her”.
12．What des the underlined part mean in Paragraph 3?
A．Heres nly help specific grups f peple.
B．Heres want t be recgnised fr their wrk.
C．Heres play a vital rle in keeping the wrld running.
D．Heres enjy pilting bats t reach their destinatin.
13．What can we learn frm Paragraph 4?
A．Heres and celebrities are bth valued tday.
B．Sciety desn’t supprt the develpment f heres.
C．The media turns rdinary celebrities int real heres.
D．Yung peple dn’t have the belief in their wn strength.
14．Hw des the authr advance his view that yung peple believe in their wn pwer?
A．By explaining the qualities that make a yung persn a her.
B．By cmparing the achievements made by different yung peple.
C．By giving examples f yung peple wh shw the qualities f a her.
D．By prviding examples f qualities that have made yung peple famus.
15．What des the passage fcus n?
A．Mre heres are needed in the wrld.
B．Celebrities are reprted t much in the media.
C．Adults shuld becme rle mdels fr yung peple.
D．Yung peple shuld believe in their ability t make a difference.
【答案】11．B 12．C 13．D 14．C 15．D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章通过一些事例表明了年轻人相信自己改变世界的力量是多么的重要。
11．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Our mdern sciety is terribly cnfused abut the difference between a celebrity and a her.”（我们的现代社会对于名人和英雄之间的区别非常困惑。）可知，作者说出我们对“名人和英雄的区别”很困惑，所以接下来讲到了“A celebrity is all abut fame – temprary, superficial fame, usually fr qualities that are easy t see: a pretty face, a great dance mve, etc. A her, by cntrast, is abut character- qualities under the surface that aren’t seen until they take actin.”（名人就是名声——暂时的、肤浅的名声，通常是因为那些显而易见的品质：漂亮的脸蛋、出色的舞姿等等。相比之下，英雄是关于性格的——只有在他们采取行动之前才会被发现的表面之下的品质。）这是对区别的阐述，所以可推知整段文章其实就在讨论名人和英雄之间的区别。故选B项。
12．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Heres are all arund us. They truly hld ur wrld tgether, thrugh their unselfish devtin t helping thers, teaching children, and prtecting the envirnment. They dn’t want fame, r glry; they just want t help.”（英雄就在我们身边。他们无私地致力于帮助他人、教育孩子和保护环境，真正地将我们的世界团结在一起。他们不需要名声或荣耀；他们只是想帮忙。）可知，英雄无私地致力于帮助他人，真正地将我们的世界团结在一起，由此可推知，他们在维护世界方面起到了很重要的作用，因此划线部分为“英雄在维持世界运转方面起着至关重要的作用。”故选C项。
13．推理判断题。根据第四段中“What gets lst in this? Yung peple’s sense f their wn ptential fr heric qualities – their wn pwer t – make a psitive difference in the wrld.”（这其中遗漏了什么？年轻人意识到自己具有英雄品质的潜力——他们自己的力量——对世界产生积极的影响。）可推知，年轻人在自我能力上产生了迷失，他们对自己改变世界的力量没有信心。故选D项。
14．推理判断题。根据第五段“Hw d we help yung peple believe in their wn pwer? The best way is simply t share examples f ther yung peple wh have made a difference.”（我们如何帮助年轻人相信自己的力量？最好的方法就是分享其他做出改变的年轻人的例子。）可知，作者想用分享年轻人用自己的力量做出有影响的事的例子，来论证自己的观点。接下来列举Barbara年轻人的事例，来说明年轻人具有成为英雄的潜力。再根据最后一段“The list culd cntinue. These are but a few examples f yung peple wh have discvered that they can build n their wn energy t d smething great.”（这样的例子还有很多。这些只是年轻人发现自己可以利用自己的精力做一些伟大事情的几个例子。）可知，作者就是用举例的方式来进一步阐述自己的观点。故选C项。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“The third ne leaves sme peple wndering why yung peple’s belief in their wn pwer is s essential.”（第三个愿望让一些人疑惑，为什么年轻人相信自己的力量如此重要。）以及最后一段中“These are but a few examples f yung peple wh have discvered that they can build n their wn energy t d smething great.”（这些只是年轻人发现自己可以利用自己的精力做一些伟大事情的几个例子。）可知，作者开头以“相信自己的力量”点题，结合第4题分析，文中列举了几个通过自己的力量做出改变的例子，结尾又以“自己的力量”与首段呼应，可知，整篇文章讲的是年轻人应该相信自己有能力做出有影响力有意义的事。故选 D项。
（2023·天津红桥·统考一模）Trust as explained in Wikepedia (维基百科) is the feeling f being sure smene r smething can be relied upn. Trust is a big tpic in many peple’s lives. It prduces an emtinal feeling that is tied t the cre f a persn’s very existence.
Why d we want t break anyne’s trust? Why des this happen ver and ver again? It may arise frm pride, cntrl, dislikes, a difference f pinin and misunderstandings. Perhaps when yu are living yur life withut self-wrth and self-lve then yu are living yur life in a cntinual state f negative thughts and feelings. What yu feel inside is evident by what yu d and what yu say. When yu shift yur energy within yurself and find yur place f lve and wrth then yur view f this wrld will change fr the better. This energy shift twards the psitive will shift everything that yu think, say and d. Being kind t yurself prjects utward t the wrld by being kind and gd t thers. This prjectin is the utcme f this psitive energy shift. Our true self is ne f lve and feeling wrthy f all f the gdness and happiness.
We have a tendency t lk utside f urselves fr cntent when this feeling f cntent can be fund within urselves. The answers t ur questins abut life and lve are within us. Smetimes we need t give urselves a break and t be mst lving, mst kind and mst patient with us. Care fr and lve yurself t find the jy within. The lve and peace f this wrld is in each and every ne f us.
Meditatin (沉思) can bridge that trust that we can have in urselves. Then we can have mre trust in the wrld and in thers. When everything arund us is breaking up meditatin can help t keep us centered s we can find that deep cnnectin f lve and wrthiness. That is yur true self wanting t shine thrugh. We can’t cntrl anything else but we can cntrl what we d.
When yu chse t help yurself then yu chse t trust yurself. Trust can lead us t a life f peace and lve and fulfillment. The wrld has its wn prgrams. Trust in lve and peace and live yur life like yu mean it!
16．The first paragraph serves as a(n) ________.
A．backgrundB．cmparisnC．explanatinD．cmment
17．If yu want t have a psitive life attitude, yu shuld ________.
A．save yur inside energy t create psitive things
B．find a place where yu’ll be respected
C．make sure what yu truly want t d and say
D．try t shw yur true self naturally and cntinuusly
18．When yu fail r feel disappinted yu shuld ________.
A．stp and adjust yurself
B．cntinue t wrk even harder
C．reduce the degree f yur feeling f cntent
D．try t fully recgnize yur wn fault
19．Based n this text meditatin might make us ________.
A．mdest when we achieve smething
B．mve frm mistrust t trust
C．live a meaningful and unchangeable life
D．cntrl urselves successfully as well as the utside wrld
20．By writing this text the authr wants t________.
A．encurage us t trust urselves
B．teach us hw t deal with negative energy
C．explain what lve and wrth are
D．shw the imprtance f meditatin
【答案】16．C 17．D 18．A 19．B 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章先解释了信任的含义和重要性，进而说明了导致自己不被信任的原因以及做到信任自己的方法和意义。
16．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Trust as explained in Wikepedia (维基百科) is the feeling f being sure smene r smething can be relied upn.(维基百科解释说，信任是一种确信某人或某事可以信赖的感觉。)”可知，第一段引用了维基百科中对“信任”的定义，解释了“信任”这个词的含义，并说明“信任”与每个人息息相关。因此第一段话起到了解释说明的作用。故选C项。
17．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“When yu shift yur energy within yurself and find yur place f lve and wrth then yur view f this wrld will change fr the better.(当你把精力转移到自己身上，找到爱和价值所在时，你对这个世界的看法就会变得更好。)”以及“Our true self is ne f lve and feeling wrthy f all f the gdness and happiness.(真实的自我是爱和感觉的化身，配得上所有的美好和幸福。)”可知，如果你想要拥有一个积极的人生态度，那么你应该时刻做真正的自己。故选D项。
18．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Smetimes we need t give urselves a break and t be mst lving, mst kind and mst patient with us.(有时候我们需要让自己休息一下，对自己最有爱心、最善良、最有耐心。)”可知，当你失败或者感到失落时，你应该停下来调整下自己。故选A项。
19．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Meditatin (沉思) can bridge that trust that we can have in urselves.(沉思可以建立起我们对自己的信任。)”可知，沉思可以让我们拥有对自己的信任，可以让我们从不信任变得信任。故选B项。
20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“When yu chse t help yurself then yu chse t trust yurself. Trust can lead us t a life f peace and lve and fulfillment. The wrld has its wn prgrams. Trust in lve and peace and live yur life like yu mean it!(当你选择帮助自己时，你就选择了相信自己。信任可以引导我们走向和平、爱和充实的生活。世界各有各的程序。相信爱与和平，过你想要的生活！)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的就是告诉我们要相信自己。故选A项。
（2023秋·天津·高三天津市第四十七中学校考期末）Since the early t mid-2010s, scial media apps have made a permanent hme in many peple’s phnes, and spending time n scial media has becme as much f a daily activity as drinking water. Since s many peple are n it fr much f their days—especially kids, teens, and yung adults—there is increased cncern ver what scial media is ding t peple.
Many argue that scial media is an unhealthy way t pass the time, and that false infrmatin frm nline is causing cnfusin and panic. This type f thing happens with every generatin when smething new that peple dn’t understand cmes alng: S many peple thught rck-and-rll was making teens mrally bad, which really wasn’t the case. It is fair t say that the teenage years are hard, and that teens need an escape. Back befre phnes, teens wuld listen t rck music as a frm f escapism, r they wuld watch TV, g t the mvies, skate arund, r dress up in crazy clthes. Unfrtunately, all f thse things at ne pint in time were blamed fr being a bad influence n yung peple. Scial media is the new rck-and-rll: it’s a new thing, and peple demnize(妖魔化)change.
Fr example, many believe that everything n scial media apps is filtered(加滤镜)and that seeing perfect peple and their perfectly edited lives ften leads t lts f negative emtins. Hwever, mdels, magazines. and mvies have been using retuching(修整)tls fr phts and media since Phtshp and ther pst-prductin services were invented. Scial media has made it easier t see mre edited pictures, but scial media itself isn’t making peple want t lk a certain way. Peple shuld acknwledge that these pictures aren’t authentic, and the psts are made t lk gd n purpse. Scial media is nt t blame fr bdy cnfidence issues when the things peple want t lk like aren’t even real in the first place.
It seems like mst issues arund scial media are user errrs, like anyne cmplaining there are t many peple being addicted t scial media. Hwever, nt everyne is addicted t scial media; peple wh have any grasp n reality wuldn’t spend every waking secnd n the phne. It is really up t the individual hw they use scial media. Keeping up with the fld f psts, stries, and phts takes a lt f time—many yung peple admit that they spend hurs n their phnes every day. Yet, this seems like an easy prblem t slve when the slutin is simply clicking ff the phne a cuple hurs early. Therefre, it is clear that mderatin(适度)is the key t dealing with all the issues arund scial media.
21．Accrding t para 1, what has happened since the early t mid-2010s?
A．scial media apps have made a frever hme in many mbile phne stres.
B．peple have spent as much time n scial media as in drinking water
C．peple have dwnladed scial media apps and spent lng time n it
D．Scial media apps have been brught hme by kids, teens, and yung adults
22．Why des the authr mentin “rck-and-rll” in Paragraph 2?
A．T demnstrate the advantages f scial media.
B．T predict the future develpment f scial media.
C．T explain why scial media is regarded as negative.
D．T analyze why scial media becmes s ppular tday.
23．What des the authr think f psting edited phts n scial media apps?
A．Understandable.B．Disturbing.C．Intlerable.D．Cnvincing
24．Why d sme peple spend a lt f time n their phnes?
A．Because they have grasp n reality
B．Because they want t knw what happens.
C．Because they can keep up with the mdern trend.
D．Because they are lking fr a slutin t the errrs.
25．What des the text advise peple t d abut scial media?
A．Make the best use f it.B．Cmpletely stay away frm it.
C．Prhibit yung peple frm using it.D．Spend reasnable amunts f time n it.
26．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．What makes us s addicted t scial media?
B．Why is scial media s ppular amng teenagers?
C．Shuld we depend n scial media fr infrmatin?
D．Is it right t blame scial media fr all the prblems?
【答案】21．C 22．C 23．A 24．B 25．D 26．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要阐述了人们对社交媒体对人们产生影响的担心以及个人看法。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段“Since the early t mid-2010s, scial media apps have made a permanent hme in many peple’s phnes, and spending time n scial media has becme as much f a daily activity as drinking water.”（自2010年代初至中期以来，社交媒体应用程序已经在许多人的手机中占据了永久的位置，花时间在社交媒体上已经成为了像喝水一样重要的日常活动。）可知，自从21世纪中期以来，人们下载社交媒体应用程序，并花很长时间在上面。故选C项。
22．推理判断题。根据第二段“This type f thing happens with every generatin when smething new that peple dn’t understand cmes alng: S many peple thught rck-and-rll was making teens mrally bad, which really wasn’t the case.”（这种事情发生在每一代人身上，当人们不理解的新事物出现时：很多人认为摇滚乐让青少年道德败坏，事实并非如此。）根据第二段“Back befre phnes, teens wuld listen t rck music as a frm f escapism, r they wuld watch TV, g t the mvies, skate arund, r dress up in crazy clthes. Unfrtunately, all f thse things at ne pint in time were blamed fr being a bad influence n yung peple. Scial media is the new rck-and-rll: it’s a new thing, and peple demnize(妖魔化)change.”（早在手机之前，青少年会听摇滚音乐作为一种逃避现实的方式，或者他们会看电视、看电影、滑冰，或者穿着疯狂的衣服。不幸的是，所有这些事情都曾一度被指责对年轻人产生了不良影响。社交媒体是新的摇滚乐：它是一种新事物，人们将改变妖魔化。）可知，为什么作者在第2段中提到“摇滚乐”是解释为什么社交媒体被认为是负面的。故选C项。
23．推理判断题。根据第三段“Hwever, mdels, magazines. and mvies have been using retuching(修整)tls fr phts and media since Phtshp and ther pst-prductin services were invented. Scial media has made it easier t see mre edited pictures, but scial media itself isn’t making peple want t lk a certain way. Peple shuld acknwledge that these pictures aren’t authentic, and the psts are made t lk gd n purpse.”（自从Phtshp和其他后期制作服务发明以来，电影一直在使用照片和媒体的润饰工具。社交媒体让人们更容易看到更多经过编辑的图片，但社交媒体本身并没有让人们想以某种方式观看。人们应该承认，这些图片不是真实的，这些帖子是故意做得好看的）可知，作者认为社交媒体应用程序上发布经过编辑的照片是可以理解的。故选A项。
24．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Keeping up with the fld f psts, stries, and phts takes a lt f time—many yung peple admit that they spend hurs n their phnes every day.”（跟上潮水般的帖子、故事和照片要花很多时间——许多年轻人承认他们每天都要花好几个小时在手机上）可知，为什么有些人花很多时间在手机上是因为他们想知道发生了什么。故选B项。
25．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Therefre, it is clear that mderatin(适度)is the key t dealing with all the issues arund scial media.”（因此，很明显，适度是处理社交媒体周围所有问题的关键。）可知，短文建议人们在社交媒体上合理花费时间。故选D项。
26．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Many argue that scial media is an unhealthy way t pass the time, and that false infrmatin frm nline is causing cnfusin and panic.”（许多人认为社交媒体是一种不健康的消磨时间的方式，网上的虚假信息会引起困惑和恐慌。）根据最后一段“It seems like mst issues arund scial media are user errrs, like anyne cmplaining there are t many peple being addicted t scial media.”（似乎围绕社交媒体的大多数问题都是用户错误，比如有人抱怨有太多人沉迷于社交媒体。）根据最后一段“Therefre, it is clear that mderatin(适度)is the key t dealing with all the issues arund scial media.”（因此，很明显，适度是处理社交媒体周围所有问题的关键。）可知，文章对社交媒体带来的影响进行了陈述，并分析了造成这种现象的原因，作者认为解决社交媒体带来的问题关键是使用者学会适度使用。由此可知，短文的最佳标题为“把所有问题都归咎于社交媒体对吗”。故选D项。