专题05 完形填空（下）-高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（上海专用）

这是一份专题05 完形填空（下）-高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（上海专用），文件包含专题05完形填空下解析版docx、专题05完形填空下原题版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共39页， 欢迎下载使用。
目录
TOC \ "1-3" \h \z \u \l "_Tc148898652" 题型综述2
\l "_Tc148898652" 解题攻略3
\l "_Tc148898653" 题型01 句内层次题3
\l "_Tc148898654" 题型02 句组层次题4
\l "_Tc148898655" 题型03 语篇层次题6
\l "_Tc148898655" 高考练场9
\l "_Tc148898657" 变式演练16
题型介绍
上海高考英语完形填空体裁议论文、说明文为主，夹叙夹议文次之，文章选材颇具哲理性，可读性较强。在语言结构方面，长难句较多，逻辑思辨能力强，理解难度较大，在选项词性上以实词为主，其中动词、名词会占半壁江山，虚词几乎不会考查，特别注重对文章上下文语境的理解把握。考点设置上，句内层次题(答案由设空所在句子决定，多凭句子本身可知答案)和句组层次题(答案由设空临近句子决定，需前后寻找信息或暗示)所占比重较大，语篇层次题(答案中整篇文章的内涵决定，需统揽全局)考查难度较大。主要考察动词、名词、形容词、副词。偶尔会有过渡词、介词短语、动词短语、连词等。
命题类型
句内层次题：主要考查动词、名词、形容词和副词等实词在具体语境中的运用。
句组理解题：要求考生根据上下文的语境来选择最合适的词汇，理解作者的观点和态度。
语篇推理题：考查考生对文章逻辑关系的理解，需要根据文章的叙述和议论部分进行推理。
解题思路
关注首句，领会大意：首句通常不设空，提供了文章的主题或背景信息，帮助考生快速把握文章的大意。
注重语境，理清行文逻辑：夹叙夹议文的记叙和议论部分交错出现，考生需要通过上下文的语境来理解作者的观点和态度。
找准标志词，弄清结构：注意文章中的衔接词，如对比、强调、让步、举例等，这些词可以帮助考生理解文章的结构和发展脉络。
先易后难，逐步推进：先解决那些容易判断的空格，再逐步处理较难的题目，避免在难题上耗费过多时间。
复读再核查：在填完所有空格后，通读全文，确保所选答案使文章意思通顺、前后连贯。
题型01 句内层次题

句内层次题：解题信息分布在本句内部，瞻前顾后，左顾右盼，边读边填。调整思维方式，理清上下文之间的逻辑关系，在充分把握语境的基础上，辨析词语，进一步把握作者的观点、态度，找到正确答案。
重视首句，把握文章主题。
分析结构，抓住作者观点态度。
3. 利用上下文，关注过渡词，理清逻辑关系。
（2025·上海浦东新区一模）
Brwse thrugh any scial-media feed, and befre lng a cute vide will appear. The supply f these (21)_________ clips, shrt parts f vides, is huge. On ne scial media platfrm there are 65 millin vides tagged(贴标签) #cute. The demand is mre (22)_________: thse vides have been viewed mre than 625 billin times.
21.A. liveB. casualC. adrableD. interactive
22.A. substantialB. urgentC. reasnableD. practical
答案：21. C 22. A
21. C：句内层次题。根据前文 “a cute vide will appear” 以及后文 “thse vides have been viewed mre than 625 billin times” 可知，这里说的是可爱的视频片段，“adrable” 意为 “可爱的”，符合语境。“live” 意为 “现场的”；“casual” 意为 “随意的”；“interactive” 意为 “互动的”，均不符合此处对可爱视频片段的描述，所以选 C。
22. A：句内层次题。由前文The supply f these (21)_______ clips, shrt parts f vides, is huge. 及下句 “thse vides have been viewed mre than 625 billin times” 可知，对可爱视频的需求是巨大的。“substantial” 意为 “大量的，可观的”，符合语境。“urgent” 意为 “紧急的”；“reasnable” 意为 “合理的”；“practical” 意为 “实际的”，均不符合需求巨大这一语境，所以选 A。
（2025·上海虹口一模）
Manufacturing is a ne-way business. Raw materials g int a factry and finished prducts cme ut. Once thse gds are ____21____, prducers usually wash their hands f them. Certainly they d nt wrry that mst f the prducts are eventually burnt r buried in landfill, which ____22____ the planet. In nly 50 years, the wrld’s cnsumptin f raw materials has nearly becme fur times as big, t mre than 100 billin tns, but nly less than 9% f this is reused, resulting in a ____23____ f materials.
21. A. acceptedB. designedC. sldD. stred
22. A. rulesB. savesC. healsD. pllutes
23. A. analysisB. availabilityC. wasteD. variety
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了制造业中的原材料消耗、可持续性、回收以及超级工厂在循环经济中的作用，同时也提到了其他行业（如快时尚和消费电子产业）在可持续性方面面临的挑战和可能的解决方案。
【21题详解】
句内层次题。考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦这些商品售出，生产者通常就不再对它们负责。A. accepted接受；B. designed设计；C. sld销售；D. stred储存。根据下文“prducers usually wash their hands f them.”可知，商品一旦售出，生产者就不再负责。故选C。
【22题详解】
句内层次题。考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们当然不会担心，因为大多数产品最终都会被焚烧或填埋，从而污染地球。A. rules统治、支配；B. saves节省；C. heals治愈；D. pllutes污染。根据空前“mst f the prducts are eventually burnt r buried in landfill,”可推测，产品焚烧或被填埋后会污染地球。故选D。
【23题详解】
句内层次题。考查名词词义辨析。句意：在仅仅50年的时间里，全球原材料消耗量已接近增至原来的四倍，超过100亿吨，但其中只有不到9%被再利用，造成了极大的材料浪费。A. analysis分析；B. availability可用性；C. waste浪费；D. variety多样性。根据上文“In nly 50 years, the wrld’s cnsumptin f raw materials has nearly becme fur times as big, t mre than 100 billin tns, but nly less than 9% f this is reused”可知，全球原材料消耗量已接近增至原来的四倍，超过100亿吨，但其中只有不到9%被再利用。由此可知，这造成了材料的浪费。故选C。
题型02 句组层次题

句组层次题：解题线索分布在上句，下句和本句之中。谨记“上看一句下看一句中间看一句（瞻前顾后）”，并根据逻辑意思、句法分析、固定搭配、排除法、词汇复现、逻辑关系、背景常识等方法瞻前顾后、耐心作答。
（2025·上海嘉定一模）
Rvelli als emphasizes that learning shuld never be limited by rules r expectatins. Instead, it shuld be a creative, ____33____ jurney. He encurages readers t ask big questins, fllw their interests, and take time t reflect n what they learn. By ding s, he believes we can ____34____ a deeper understanding f urselves and the wrld arund us.
In There Are Places in the Wrld Where Rules Are Less Imprtant Than Kindness, Rvelli ffers a heartfelt reminder that learning isn’t just abut facts r ____35____ — it’s abut curisity, wnder, and the jy f discvering new pssibilities.
33. A. shrtB. affrdableC. safeD. persnal
34. A. unlckB. cmplicateC. cmplementD. expse
35. A. mtivatinsB. interestsC. resultsD. questins
【答案】 33. D 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Carl Rvelli的书中强调了非功利性学习的重要性，鼓励对知识的追求与探究。
【33题详解】
句组层次题。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，这应该是一次创造性的个人之旅。A. shrt短的；B. affrdable可负担的；C. safe安全的；D. persnal个人的。根据上文“Rvelli als emphasizes that learning shuld never be limited by rules r expectatins.”和下文“He encurages readers t ask big questins, fllw their interests, and take time t reflect n what they learn. By ding s, he believes we can ___14___ a deeper understanding f urselves and the wrld arund us.”可知，学习永远不应该受到规则或期望的限制，这应该是有创造性的个人的旅程，深入了解自己和周围的世界。故选D。
【34题详解】
句组层次题。考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过这样做，他相信我们可以更深入地了解自己和周围的世界。A. unlck揭开，揭示；B. cmplicate复杂化；C. cmplement补足，补充；D. expse揭露。根据上文“He encurages readers t ask big questins, fllw their interests, and take time t reflect n what they learn.”可知，关注自己的兴趣，反思自己所学的东西，这会使人更深入了解自己和周围的世界，unlck a deeper understanding f表示“深入了解”。故选A。
【35题详解】
句组层次题。考查名词词义辨析。句意：在There Are Places in the Wrld Where Rules Are Less Imprtant Than Kindness一书中，Rvelli衷心提醒我们，学习不仅仅是关于事实或结果，而是关于好奇心、好奇心和发现新可能性的乐趣。A. mtivatins动机；B. interests兴趣；C. results结果；D. questins问题。根据文章开头“Carl Rvelli’s bk, There Are Places in the Wrld Where Rules Are Less Imprtant Than Kindness, ffers a refreshing perspective n learning, urging readers t pursue curisity and explratin withut wrrying abut practical utcmes.”可知，Rvelli提醒我们的是，学习不仅仅是关于实际的结果，而是关于学习过程中的乐趣。故选C。
（2025·上海长宁一模）
Sme cuntries try t mtivate dctrs t wrk in rural areas, ffering slightly higher salaries r ther benefits t thse willing t ______33______ utside cities. They may als reward hspitals based n effectiveness in helping patients, ______34______ paying hspitals based n the number f prcedures they perfrm. This culd reduce csts fr patients.
33. A. relaxB. practiceC. specializeD. vlunteer
34. A. as ppsed tB. as well asC. regardless fD. prir t
【答案】 33. B 34. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了农村医疗的困难和复杂性以及解决措施。
【33题详解】
句组层次题。考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些国家试图鼓励医生到农村地区工作，为那些愿意在城市以外从事专业工作的医生提供略高的工资或其他福利。A. relax放松；B. practice从业；C. specialize专门；D. vlunteer志愿。根据上文“ffering slightly higher salaries”可知，一些国家试图鼓励医生到农村地区工作。故选B项。
【34题详解】
句组层次题。考查短语词义辨析。句意：他们还可能根据帮助病人的有效性来奖励医院，而不是根据医院执行的手术数量来支付费用。A. as ppsed t相反；B. as well as以及；C. regardless f不管；不顾；D. prir t之前。根
据上文“They may als reward hspitals based n effectiveness in helping patients”以及下文“paying hspitals based n the number f prcedures they perfrm.”可知，表示相反的情况。故选A项。
题型03 语篇层次题

语篇层次题：解题线索分布在某一段或几段相隔，甚至全篇，距离较远，更需瞻前顾后，谨记“文中无废句，句中无闲词”，并根据逻辑意思、句法分析、固定搭配、排除法、词汇复现、逻辑关系、背景常识等方法瞻前顾后、合理推断、耐心作答。
（2025·上海闵行一模）
Effective mnitring f endangered species is key t their survival. Studying the 21 , range, and habits f wild animals is essential t ensure their habitat remains free frm develpment and illegal hunters. Traditinal methds f mnitring wild animals, especially large nes, include radi-tagging（无线电标记）. T d this, individual animals must at first be captured s that cllars can be 22 .
They culd effectively create a true picture f individual rhins' activities withut the use f any invasive （侵入的） techniques. Cnsequently, the team were interested t knw whether the trackers' knwledge culd be effectively 29 a cmputerized technique fr mnitring animal mvement.
If that is dne repeatedly, cnservatinists can draw up a 32 f all, r at least a significant prprtin f the individuals within the ppulatin. After that, cnservatinists can use it t identify an animal and its mvements by its print.
21. A. flexibility B. diet C. mvement D. behavir
答案：C
21. C：语篇层次题。文章围绕监测濒危物种展开，研究野生动物的移动、活动范围和习性对保护其栖息地至关重要。“mvement”（移动）符合语境，而 “flexibility”（灵活性）、“diet”（饮食）、“behavir”（行为）在文中虽也相关，但结合后文主要讨论通过监测动物移动来保护它们，“mvement” 最为合适，所以选 C。
（2025·上海宝山一模）
At times we all wish that we knew what ther peple were thinking. __21__ , peple's facial expressins, mvements and psture (姿势) can cmmunicate a lt abut what is ging n in their minds. Understanding these messages hidden in peple's language can require a lt f skill, but Je Navarr's bk What EVERY BODY is Saying can help __22__ that ability.
Small changes in bdy language can help yu recgnize if smene is __23__. Even when peple dn't lie directly, they smetimes try t hide their feelings. Whether yu are __24__ with peple in business r in yur persnal life, recgnizing these feelings can help yu lk ut fr their interests and yur wn.
Accrding t Navarr, establishing a baseline fr hw a persn behaves is imprtant t avid __25__ their bdy language. Mst facial expressins and gestures can mean several different things, s __26__ when peple use certain expressins. Recgnizing this baseline can help yu understand whether expressins and gestures indicate a(n) __27__ t smething yu said r nt. Fr example, rubbing ne's eyes may be a sign f __28__ with a tpic. But if the persn has been rubbing their eyes __29__, they might just be tired.
Prximity (接近，亲近) t ther peple is als part f bdy language. Peple stand clser t peple they like r feel cmfrtable with than t strangers r peple they dn't like. And psture als __34__. Sitting r standing up straight can shw that smene feels cnfident, while sitting with crssed arms indicates that they feel __35__ r uncmfrtable.
Bdy language can cmmunicate a lt abut peple's thughts and feelings, and thus, help yu relate t them.
22. A. prvideB. develpC. discverD. aruse
24. A. cperatingB. negtiatingC. investigatingD. interacting
25. A. misguidingB. misinterpretingC. mistrustingD. mismanaging
34. A. adjustsB. fllwsC. mvesD. matters
答案解析
22. B：这本书能帮助 “培养” 理解肢体语言隐藏信息的能力。“develp”（培养，发展）符合语境，“prvide”
（提供）、“discver”（发现）、“aruse”（唤起）均不能准确表达培养能力的意思，所以选 B。
语篇层次题。文章中提到 “Understanding these messages hidden in peple's language can require a lt f skill（理解隐藏在人们语言中的这些信息需要很多技巧）”，后文紧接着介绍 “Je Navarr's bk What EVERY BODY is Saying can help 22 that ability（乔・纳瓦罗的《身体语言密码》这本书能帮助…… 那种能力）”。从语篇整体来看，文章旨在阐述身体语言能传达很多信息，但理解这些信息需要能力，而这本书的出现就是要助力人们去更好地掌握这种理解身体语言所传达信息的能力，所以这里用 “develp（发展，培养）”，意味着帮助读者去提升、培养解读身体语言信息的能力，契合整个语篇围绕身体语言以及如何更好理解它这一脉络展开的内容。
24. D：无论是在商业还是个人生活中与他人 “互动”，识别这些感觉都有助于兼顾双方利益。“interacting”（互动）符合语境，“cperating”（合作）、“negtiating”（谈判）、“investigating”（调查）都过于片面，不能涵盖各种与他人打交道的情况，所以选 D。
语篇层次题。文中先是说 “Whether yu are 24 with peple in business r in yur persnal life（无论你在商务中还是个人生活中与人们……）”，后面又提到 “recgnizing these feelings can help yu lk ut fr their interests and yur wn（识别这些情感能帮助你留意他们的和你自己的利益）”。从语篇的角度去理解，整个篇章重点在讲述身体语言对于人们了解他人想法、感受的重要性，而此处描述的在商务和个人生活不同场景下，需要一个能体现与他人相处交往且通过这种相处去识别情感、照顾彼此利益的词，“interacting（互动，交往）” 就很好地契合了这一整体语境，它能涵盖不同场景下与他人打交道的情况，是顺着语篇围绕身体语言在人际交往中的作用这一核心思路来的。
25. B：根据后文提到面部表情和手势可能有多种含义，可知建立一个人行为的基线对于避免 “误解” 其肢体语言很重要。“misinterpreting”（误解）符合语境，“misguiding”（误导）、“mistrusting”（不信任）、“mismanaging”（管理不善）均不符合，所以选 B。
语篇层次题。文中先是指出 “establishing a baseline fr hw a persn behaves is imprtant t avid 25 their bdy language.（为一个人的行为建立一个基准对于避免…… 他们的身体语言是很重要的）”，随后解释 “Mst facial expressins and gestures can mean several different things（大多数面部表情和手势可能意味着几种不同的情况）”。从语篇理解的层面，整个部分是在讲解如何准确通过身体语言去判断他人想法，因为身体语言的表意具有复杂性，所以才强调要建立基准，其目的就是避免错误解读，“misinterpreting（误解，曲解）” 准确地对应了语篇中关于身体语言理解存在难度以及要正确解读它这一整体内容，是基于对这一环节在整个语篇中作用的把握来选择的答案。
34. D：姿势也 “很重要”。“matters”（重要）符合语境，“adjusts”（调整）、“fllws”（跟随）、“mves”（移动）均不符合姿势重要这一语境，所以选 D。
语篇层次题。文中先是在多处举例介绍身体语言的不同方面，像面部表情、动作等所传达的信息，接着提到 “And psture als 34. Sitting r standing up straight can shw that smene feels cnfident, while sitting with crssed arms indicates that they feel 35 r uncmfrtable.（姿势也……。坐直或站直能表明某人感觉自信，而交叉双臂坐着表明他们感觉…… 或不舒服）”。从语篇的角度出发，整体是在全面阐述身体语言的各个构成要素及其表意功能，姿势作为其中一部分，这里用 “matters（有关系，要紧）” 体现出姿势在整个身体语言体系中的重要性，它和前面所讲的面部表情等其他要素一样，都能传达人们内心的想法和感受，是对语篇围绕身体语言多方面表意展开论述的补充与完善，所以该题答案是基于语篇对身体语言整体构成及作用的描述来确定的。
2022年1月春考
Artificially sweetened diet drinks make n difference t weight gain and shuld nt be seen as healthier than their sugar-laden cunterparts, accrding t a team f experts, A review f research evidence cncludes there is nthing t supprt claims that sugar free versins f ppular sft drinks can help (4l) _______besity and related diseases such as Type 2 diabetes. Industry spnsred studies reprting"favurable"assciatins between diet drinks and weight lss may be biased, it claims.
There have been cncerns that diet drinks, knwn as artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs), might lead peple t cnsume mre calries by(42) ________sweet flavur taste buds. The new study fund that evidence (43) _________the healthiness f ASBs was incnclusive with randmized cntrlled trials (RCTs) prducing mixed results. Senr investigatr Prfessr Christpher Millett said: "A cmmn perceptin, which may be influenced by industry marketing, is that because ‘diet’ drinks have n sugar, they must be healthier and aid weight lss when used as a(n)(44)fr full sugar versins Hwever, we fund n slid evidence t supprt this
The researchers pinted ut that research supprted by fd r beverage cmpanies was mre likely t find n evidence f links between sugary drink (45) _________ and besity than nn-industry spnsred research. Similarly, ASB industry-spnsred research was "mre likely t reprt favurable results and (46) ________ regarding ASB effects n weight cntrl”
In many cases. researchers had failed t disclse (47) __________f interest relating t links with the fd industry. it was claimed. Cauthr Dr Marin Carlina Brges said: “The lack f slid evidence n the health effects f ASBs and the ptential influence f bias frm industry funded studies shuld be taken seriusly when discussing whether ASBs are (48) __________ alternatives t SSBs ( sugar-sweetened beverages)."
Leading British nutritinist Prfessr Susan Jebb said despite the mixed evidence, there was n reasn t believe that replacing sugary drinks with artificially sweetened (49)________ did any harm She said , “Fr peple seeking t manage their weight , tap water is (50)__________the best drink t chse , fr health and the envirnment , but far many peple wh are used t drinking sugary drinks, this will be l hard a change t (51)_________. Artificially sweetened drinks are a step in the ( 52 )__________ directin t cut calries." Dietitian Prfessr Tm Sanders, was als critical f the research, calling it “an pinin piece rather than a ( n )(53)___________review f the evidence”. He ( 54)____________ “The cnclusin that reduced sugar r sugar-free drinks shuld nt be prmted r seen as part f a healthy diet seems unwarranted and likely t add t public (55 )_____________.”
A. relieve B. ppse C. prevent D. bther
A. inserting B. stimulating C.enhancing D.securing
A. resulting frmB. referring t C.depending nD. relating t
A. SubstituteB.prpsalC.suspectD.implicatin
A. EfficiencyB.cnsumptinC.distributinD.mdernizatin
A. appintmentsB.instructinsC.perfrmancesD.cnclusins
47. A. threatsB. matters C. cnflictsD.appeals
48. A. adequateB.essentialC.availableD. deliberate
49. A initiativesB.alternatives C.bjectivesD.representatives
50. A. withut questinB. beynd descriptin
C. arund the crnerD. in cnsequence
51. A. settleB. rute C. mendD. make
A. wrngB. rightC. prperD. ppsite
53. A. demcraticB. autmaticC. systematicD. dramatic
54. A. transferredB. ranged C. accessedD. added
55. A. fascinatin B. ambitinC.cnfusinD. Islatin
【答案】41-55 CBDAB DCABA DBCDC
【详解】
41 C [解析]根据前文 “Artificially sweetened diet drinks make n difference t weight gain and shuld nt be seen as healthier than their sugar-laden cunterparts accrding t a team f expents. (一组专家称，人工加糖的无糖饮料对增重没有影，世不应现为比合饮料更健康。)”，再分析选项可知此处说的是无糖再五法报助规防一些疾。句意为”一项对研究证据的综述得出结论，没有任何上歌支按通行款收的无鹏版本有助于预防(prevent) 肥胖和2型糖尿病等相关药醒的说社，故选C.relieve v.解除，减轻，缓和: ppse v.反对(计划、政通)抵: prevent v.防止: 刚止;照码: bther v.打扰:花费时间精力(做某事）。
42.B[解析]结合前面的“might lead peple t cnsume mre calries(导致人们摄入更多的卡路里)”，分析选项可知，这是甜味味蕾被刺激后的结果，此处句意为“有人担心，被称为人工加糖饮料(ASBs)的无糖饮料可能会刺激 (stimulating )人们的甜味味蕾，导致人们摄入更多的卡路里”，故选 B。inserting v.插入;入;stimulating v.促进;激发，刺激;enhancing v，提高;增强;增进;securing v获得，取得，实现。
43.D[解析]结合选项，此处用“与 ASBs 健康相关的”更符合语境及逻辑，此处句意为“新的研究发现，与 ASBs 健康相关的(relating t) 证据是不确定的，随机对照试验(rct)产生了混合的结果”，故选 D。resulting frm 由于;referring t提及;参阅; depending n 依据，根据;relating t 关于;涉及。
44.A[解析]分析选项，根据常识可知，为了减肥，人们会将无糖饮料作为全粗饮料的替代品，此处句意为“人们普遍认为，由于“无糖饮料不含糖，所以作为全糖饮料的替代品(substitute)，它们肯定更健康，有助于减肥，这可能是受行业营销的影响”，故选A。substitute n.代用品，代替者;代替者;prpsal n.提议建议;求婚;suspect n.犯罪嫌疑人;嫌疑犯;implicatin n.可能的影响(或作用、结果);含意;暗指。
45.B[解析]前面提到为了减肥，人们会将无糖饮料作为全糖饮料的替代品，分析选项可知，此处只有“含糖饮料的消费与肥胖”更符合逻辑及语境。句意为“研究人员指出，与非行业赞助的研究相比，食品或饮料公司支持的研究更有可能找不到含糖饮料消费(cnsumptin)与肥胖之间联系的证据”，故选 B。efficiency n效率;效能;cnsumptin n.消耗，消耗量;费:distributin n.分配:分布;分发;mdernizatin n.现代化;维新:现代化之事物。
46.D[解析]该词与“results (结果)”并列，所以它们的意思应该是相近的，分析选项可知此处应选“cnclusins”。句意为“同样，ASB 行业费助的研究“更有可能报告关于 ASB 对体重控制效果的有利结果和结论 (cnclusins)“故选 D。appintments n.约会;预约:约定;instructins n.说明书;指示;命令;perfrmance:n.表演;演出:cnclusins n. 结论:推论:结束。
47.C[解析]分析选项，此处用“利益冲突”更符合语境及逻辑，句意为“报告称，在许多情况下，研究人员未能披露与食品行业相关的利益冲突(cnflicts)”，故选C。threats n.威胁;恐吓;凶兆: matters n.课题: 事情; 问题:事态;cnflicts n.争执:争论:(军事)冲突:战斗; appeals n. 上诉;申诉;吸引力。
48.A[解析]根据前面的“The lack f slid evidence n the health effects f ASBs and the ptential influence f bias frm industry funded studies shuld be taken seriusly(应该认真对待 ASB 对健康影响的确凿证据以及行业资助研究的潜在偏见影响)”，再分析选项可知这是在讨论 ASB 是否是含糖饮料的合格替代品时应该考虑的问题。句意为“在讨论 ASB 是否是含糖饮料的合格 (adequate) 替代品时，应该认真对待 ASB 对健康影响的确凿证据以及行业资助研究的潜在偏见影响”，故选A。adequate ad;.充足的;足够的;合格的;essential adj.本质的;必不可少的: available adj.可获得的;可购得的;deliberate adj. 故意的;蓄意的;存心的。
49.B[解析]结合前文及语境可推知此处句意为“英国著名营养学家苏珊·杰布教授说，尽管证据好坏参半，但没有理由相信用人工加糖的替代品 (alternatives)取代含糖饮料会有任何伤害”，故选 B。initiatives n.倡议;新方案:主动性:alternatives n.普代品;可供选择的事物: bjectives n.目标;目的: representatives n.代表;销售代表。
50.A[解析]自来水就是最好的饮料。结合选项可知作者在此处想要表达的是“对下那些想控制体重的人来说，从健康和环境的角度来说，自来水无疑 (withut questin)尼最好的饮料选择”，故选 A。withut questin 毫无疑间(表示强调自巴的观点;毫无疑问地;毫无异议地;beynd descriptin 难以形容，无法形容:arund the cmer 在拐角处:即将发生，在附近: in cnsequence 结果;因此。
51.D[解析]分析选项，“make a change (做出改变)”符合及语境，此处句为“但对于许多习惯喝含糖饮料的人来说，这将是一个太难的改变”，故选 D。settle v.解(分歧、纠纷等): 定居，结来: rute v.按某路线发送: mend v.修现，修补:缝补;make v.制作，制造，组装。
52.B[解析] 结合语境及选项可推知此处句意为“人工加糖饮料是朝着减少卡路但的正确(right)方向边出的一步”，故选 B。 wrng adj.错误的，不对的 right adj.正确的;真正的，真实的: prper adj.适当的，正确的:恰当的: ppsite adj.对面的;另一边的;相反的。
53.C[解析]根据前面的“was als critical f the research”可知这个营养学家是对这项研究提出了批评的。分析选项可知此处句意为“营养学家汤姆·桑德斯教授也对这项研究提出了批评,称其为·一篇观点文章,而不是对证据的系统(systematic)回顾”，故选C。 demcratic adj.民主的;民主政体的;民主制度的;autmatic adj.自动的;无意识的;不假思索的;systematic adj.成体系的;系统的;有条理的;dramatic adj.戏剧性的;引人注目的;戏剧的。
54.D[解析]这里还是该教授的观点，所以该空为“补充道”。此处句意为“他补充道(added)”，故选 D。transferred v.(使)转移，搬迁;(使)调动;转职;ranged v.(在一定的范围内)变化，变动;accessed v.访问，存取(计算机文件); 到达:进入;使用;added v.增加;加添;补充
55.C[解析]根据前面的“The cnclusin that reduced sugar r sugar-free drinks shuld nt be prmted r seen as part f a healthy diet seems unwarranted (减小糖或无糖饮料不应该被推广或视为健康饮食的一部分的结论似乎没有根据)”，这会导致的结果是“很可能会增加公众的困惑 (cnfusin)”。故选 C。fascinatin n.魅力;极大的吸引力;入迷;ambitin n.追求的目标:夙愿;野心;cnfusin n.混乱;混淆;困惑;islatin n.隔离，分离;孤立，孤独。
2021年1月春考
完型填空来源:2017年1月《洛杉矶时报（LATimes）》，讲述电动车作为l绿色通勤方式
The misery f my bike cmmute in Calgary, Alberta,is the river valley hill. It's nt particularly steep,but at abut a mile lng,I rarely climbed up withut arriving with sweat. Studies have shwn the prspect f arriving at wrk sweaty is ne f the biggest (41)______ t getting wuld-be bike cmmuters ut f their cars. That's especially true in a city like Ls Angeles,where(42)__ may face lng rutes , hills r ht streets with a lack f shade.
"Pedelec",r pedal electric-assisted bikes like the ne I rde,can end that wrry. They lk and act like traditinal bicycles,but their mtrs make pedaling much easier when required. Smetimes called the mst energy-efficient mtrized mde f transprtatin ever built, they're als incredibly green. The biggest barrier may be the utdated attitude that sees bikes nly as a recreatinal athletic pprtunity rather than a practical (43)____ ptin.
At a time when cities acrss Nrth America are struggling t cmbat crippling traffic and reduce climate emissins,e-bikes have the(44) ______ t ease the bth prblems. And yet ridership has yet t truly(45)____.Abut 152,000 e-bikes were sld last year in the U.S.,a figure that wuld be mre than 5 millin if Americans used them at the same rate as western Eurpeans.
Many f the barriers t e-bike (46) ______in Nrth America are legislative. Patchwrk rules treat e-bikes mre like mpeds than traditinal pedal bikes in sme jurisdictins,meaning they are(47)_frm bike lanes and frm barding public transprtatin.
Few places n the cntinent,(48) ______, are better pised t break thrugh barriers than Califrnia. Legislatin was apprved last year t encurage e-bike use,by legally differentiating the cycles frm mpeds. In an attempt t head ff wrries abut turbcharged machines flying dwn sidewalks and bike lanes at unsafe speeds,the law classifies bikes int different tiers t (49)___ lwer-speed e-bikes,which tp ut at 20 mph,frm faster-mving"speed pedelecs",which are restricted frm prtected bike paths.
Amid these legislative (50)____, e-bikes have becme mre accessible t cnsumer. Finding them in bike shps isn't as(51)____ as it nce was,and their cst has fallen as the price f lithium-in batteries has drpped.Tday,a decent e-bike,while still (52)___, is cmparable in price t a high-end muntain bike. After years f (53)________ver mixing pedal and mtr pwer, cycling advcacy rganizatins als are finally thrwing their supprt behind e-bikes. Dave Snyder, the executive directr f the Califrnia Bicycle Calitin, (54)_______ the state's new legislatin based partly n the(55)_______that e-bikes help ut thse wh"just can't ride as far r as fast as they need t".
B.prcesses C.barriers
42. A.ridersB.builders C.custmersD.vlunteers
B. cmmunicatin C.facilities D.transprtatin
B.ptential C.temprary D.majr
44.A. make f B.carry n C.bring up D.take ff
B.adptin C.adjustment D.justificatin
B.alerted C.banned D.authrized
B.unless C.meanwhile D.anyway
C.separate D.satisfy
B.benefits C.limits D.damages
B.critical C.sensatinal D.difficult
B.distinctive C.sensitive D.intensive
B.cncern C.pwer D.scale
B.flded C.referred D.gifted
B.address C.amunt D.advcate
【答案】
41-45. CADBD BCACB DABAD
试题分析
41. C【解析】根据上文所提及的有关河谷山的描述The misery f my bike cmmute in Calgary, Alberta, is the river valley hill以及作者对自己相关情况的描述I rarely climbed up withut arriving with sweat可知，此处句意为“研究表明，上班时满身大汗是让骑自行车的上班族下车的最大障碍（barriers ）之一”，故选C。advantages n. 有利条件；prcesses n. 过程；barriers n. 障碍；屏障；cmplements n. 补足物；补语。
42.A【解析】结合文章第一句提及的The misery f my bike cmmute in Calgary, Alberta, is the river valley hill骑自行车上下班可知，此处句意为“那里的车手（riders）可能会面临长途跋涉” ，故选A。riders n. 骑（马、自行车等）的人；builders n. 建设者；建筑工人；custmers n. [商业]客户；vlunteers志愿者。
43.D【解析】根据上文提及的作者骑自行车上下班，又结合此处介绍一款新的电动自行车，可推知此处句意为“最大的障碍可能是过时的态度，认为自行车只是一种娱乐运动机会，而不是一种实用的交通（transprtatin）选择”，故选D。prductin n. 生产；产量；cmmunicatin n. 表达，交际；facilities n. 工具；设备；transprtatin n. 运输；交通工具，运输工具。
44.B【解析】结合上文中提及的电动自行车，以及此处提及的At a time when cities acrss Nrth America are struggling t cmbat crippling traffic and reduce climate emissins，可推知此处应该是说“电动自行车有缓解相关问题的潜在（ptential）可能性”，故选B。rutine adj. 常规的；日常的；ptential adj. 潜在的；temprary adj. 短暂的；majr adj. 重要的；严重的。
45.D【解析】结合下文中提及的相关电动自行车车的销售数量和对比，可推知此处表达的是乘客数量还不够多，相比较之下，take ff更适合句意，故选D。make f 用…做成；理解；明白；carry n 继续做，坚持干；bring up 养育，抚养；take ff脱掉；起飞；突然成功。
46.B【解析】结合上文的相关内容，以及下文提及关于电动车使用的相关规定的可知此处应该是关于电动车的使用规范，故B项比较合适。adaptatin n. 改编版；适应；adptin n. 收养，领养；adjustment n. 调整，调节；justificatin n. 辩解；无过失。
47.C【解析】结合上文提及的 Patchwrk rules treat e-bikes mre like mpeds than traditinal pedal bikes in sme jurisdictins可知，此处句意为“这意味着它们被禁止（banned）在自行车道上行驶和乘坐公共交通工具”，故选C。prved v. 证明；alerted v. 向…报警；使警觉，使戒备；banned v. 禁止；取缔；authrized v. 授权，批准，委托。
48.A【解析】结合上文内容，以及此处句意非洲大陆上几乎没有什么地方比加利福尼亚州更能冲破这些障碍，可推知此处需要填入一个转折连词，排除C和D项，而相比之下，A项更符合句意。hwever adv. 然而；不管怎样；cnj.不管怎样；unless cnj.除非；如果不；meanwhile adv. 同时；在此期间；与之相比；anyway adv. 无论如何；不管怎样。
49.C【解析】根据该段中the law classifies bikes int different tiers可知，此处句意为，该法律将自行车分为不同的等级，以区分（separate）速度较低的电动自行车（最高时速为20英里）和速度较快的“速度行人专用道”，故选C。riginate vi. 起源于，来自；vt. 引起；创始，创作；cmbine vt. 引起；创始，创作；separate v. （使）分开，分离；satisfy v. （使）满意。
50.B【解析】结合下文 e-bikes have becme mre accessible t cnsumer可知，消费者们开始接受电动自行车来，故推知此处句意为“在这些立法上的好处（benefits）中，电动自行车已经变得更容易为消费者所接受”，故选B。factrs n. 因素；benefits n. 津贴费；利益；limits n.界限；限度；限额；damages n. 损失。
51.D【解析】结合上文中e-bikes have becme mre accessible t cnsumer.可推知此处句意为“在自行车店找到它们不像以前那么困难（difficult）了”，故选D。prper adj. 适宜的；正确的；critical adj. 关键的；严重的；sensatinal adj. 轰动的；耸人听闻的；difficult adj. 困难的；问题多的，麻烦的。
52.A【解析】结合文章中的相关表述可知，此处与电动自行车的价格有关，故此处选A项更合适。expensive adj. 昂贵的；distinctive adj. 独特的；特别的；sensitive adj. 体贴的；敏感的；intensive adj. 加强的，强烈的。
53.B【解析】结合下文中cycling advcacy rganizatins als are finally thrwing their supprt behind e-bikes提及最终的结果，可推知此处句意为“经过多年对混合踏板和电机动力的关注（cncern）”，故选B。truble n. 问题，麻烦，困难；cncern n. 担心；关心；令人担心的事；pwer n. 权力；能力；scale n. 规模，等级。
54.A【解析】结合上文提及的cycling advcacy rganizatins als are finally thrwing their supprt ，可知此处加州自行车联盟的执行董事戴夫·斯奈德对新立法的态度是支持的，故选A。favred adj. 受到优待的；有天赋的；flded adj. 折叠的；referred v. 提到；针对；关系到；请教gifted adj. 有天赋的。
55.D【解析】根据文章可知，此处讲述的是戴夫·斯奈德支持立法的原因，结合他的职位可知，此处句意为“部分原因是他主张（advcate）电动自行车可以帮助那些“不能骑到需要的距离或速度”的人”，故选D。appeal v. 呼吁，恳请；上诉，申诉；address v. 写（收信人）姓名地址；解决，处理；amunt v. 共计；advcate vt. 拥护；主张。
（四）
（2025年嘉定一模）
Carl Rvelli’s bk, There Are Places in the Wrld Where Rules Are Less Imprtant Than Kindness, ffers a refreshing perspective n learning, urging readers t pursue curisity and explratin withut wrrying abut practical utcmes. Fr Rvelli, ___21___ isn’t just a means t an end — it’s a way f experiencing the wrld, asking meaningful questins, and cnnecting with thers.
The bk celebrates the jy f learning fr its wn sake, reminding readers that knwledge desn’t need t be tied t a specific ___22___ t be valuable. In tday’s fast-paced wrld, peple ften view educatin as a tl fr ___23___ — getting gd grades, securing a jb, r achieving material gals. Rvelli ___24___ this mindset, shwing that true learning is abut much mre than these practical bjectives. It’s abut bradening yur mind, explring new ideas, and finding ___25___ in the prcess.
Rvelli draws n fascinating stries frm science, histry, and everyday life t make his pint. ___26___ , he reflects n the revlutinary thinkers f the Renaissance (文艺复兴时期) wh dared t questin the belief that Earth was the center f the universe. These individuals weren’t ___27___ by prfit r fame; they were mtivated by pure curisity and a desire t understand the wrld. Their discveries didn’t just change science — they ___28___ hw peple viewed their place in the universe. Rvelli uses these examples t shw that the act f learning itself can be ___29___ , inspiring new ways f thinking and seeing the wrld.
Anther key theme in the bk is the cnnectin between learning and wnder. Rvelli believes that curisity is ne f humanity’s greatest ____30____ , and he invites readers t cultivate it by explring tpics that aruse their interest. Whether it’s physics, art, philsphy, r even everyday experiences, the prcess f discvering smething ____31____ can be deeply rewarding. He argues that this sense f wnder is what makes learning wrthwhile — nt the ____32____ it might bring.
Rvelli als emphasizes that learning shuld never be limited by rules r expectatins. Instead, it shuld be a creative, ____33____ jurney. He encurages readers t ask big questins, fllw their interests, and take time t reflect n what they learn. By ding s, he believes we can ____34____ a deeper understanding f urselves and the wrld arund us.
In There Are Places in the Wrld Where Rules Are Less Imprtant Than Kindness, Rvelli ffers a heartfelt reminder that learning isn’t just abut facts r ____35____ — it’s abut curisity, wnder, and the jy f discvering new pssibilities.
21. A. kindnessB. thinkingC. learningD. practice
22. A. preferenceB. purpseC. prblemD. cnditin
23. A. cmmunicatinB. successC. cperatinD. survival
24. A. challengesB. maintainC. presentsD. extends
25 A. meaningB. slutinC. cnflictD. distinctin
26. A. What’s mreB. Fr exampleC. As a resultD. On the cntrary
27. A. rejectedB. pursuedC. bservedD. driven
28. A. shiftedB. revealedC. understdD. nticed
29. A. mderateB. apprpriateC. expensiveD. transfrmative
30. A. cnnectinsB. traditinsC. strengthsD. innvatins
31. A. similarB. funnyC. newD. dark
32. A. grwthB. gradesC. uncertaintyD. wisdm
33. A. shrtB. affrdableC. safeD. persnal
34. A. unlckB. cmplicateC. cmplementD. expse
35. A. mtivatinsB. interestsC. resultsD. questins
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. B 24. A 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. C 32. B 33. D 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Carl Rvelli的书中强调了非功利性学习的重要性，鼓励对知识的追求与探究。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于Rvelli来说，学习不仅仅是达到目的的手段——它是体验世界、提出有意义的问题和与他人连接的一种方式。A. kindness善良；B. thinking思维；C. learning学习；D. practice实践。根据下文“The bk celebrates the jy f learning fr its wn sake, reminding readers that knwledge desn’t need t be tied t a specific ___2___ t be valuable.”可知，Rvelli在书中颂扬了学习本身的乐趣，所以对于Rvelli来说，学习不仅仅是一种达到目的的手段，学习是一种方式。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这本书颂扬了学习本身的乐趣，提醒读者知识不需要与特定的目的联系起来才有价值。A. preference偏好；B. purpse目的；C. prblem问题；D. cnditin条件。根据下文“Rvelli ___4___ this mindset, shwing that true learning is abut much mre than these practical bjectives.”可知，Rvelli表示真正的学习远远不止某些实际的目标，所以此处表示Rvelli的书提醒读者知识不需要与特定的目的联系起来。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在当今快节奏的世界里，人们往往将教育视为成功的工具——取得好成绩、找到工作或实现物质目标。A. cmmunicatin沟通；B. success成功；C. cperatin合作；D. survival生存。根据下文“getting gd grades, securing a jb, r achieving material gals.”以及常识可知，取得好成绩、找到工作或实现物质目标会被视为成功，即教育被视为实现成功的工具。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Rvelli挑战这种心态，展示了真正的学习远不止这些实际目标。A. challenges挑战；B. maintain维持；C. presents提出；D. extends扩展。根据上文“In tday’s fast-paced wrld, peple ften view educatin as a tl fr ___3___ — getting gd grades, securing a jb, r achieving material gals.”以及下文“shwing that true learning is abut much mre than these practical bjectives.”可知，Rvelli的想法与人们常见的观点不同，所以此处表示Rvelli在挑战这种过于实用的观点。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是关于拓宽你的思维，探索新的想法，并在这个过程中找到意义。A. meaning意义；B. slutin解决方法；C. cnflict冲突；D. distinctin区别。根据上文“It’s abut bradening yur mind, explring new ideas,”以及语境可知，此处表示在拓宽思维探索新想法的过程中找到学习的意义。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查副词短语应用。句意：例如，他反思了文艺复兴时期的革命性思想家，他们敢于质疑地球是宇宙中心的信念。A. What’s mre此外；B. Fr example例如；C. As a result因此；D. On the cntrary相反。根据上文“Rvelli draws n fascinating stries frm science, histry, and everyday life t make his pint.”以及下文“he reflects n the revlutinary thinkers f the Renaissance (文艺复兴时期) wh dared t questin the belief that Earth was the center f the universe.”可知，Rvelli使用具体的故事来阐明自己的观点，下文进行举例说明，所以空处应用fr example，表示“例如”。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些人不是被利益或名声驱动的；他们是被纯粹的好奇心和了解世界的愿望所驱动。A. rejected拒绝；B. pursued追求；C. bserved观察；D. driven驱动。根据下文“they were mtivated by pure curisity and a desire t understand the wrld.”可知，此处表示这些人是被好奇心和了解世界的愿望驱动，而不是被利益或名声驱动。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的发现不仅改变了科学，还改变了人们是如何看待自己在宇宙中位置的。A. shifted改变；B. revealed揭示；C. understd理解；D. nticed注意。根据上文“Their discveries didn’t just change science”以及语境可知，革命思想家们的发现不仅改变了科学，也改变了人们对于自己在宇宙中的位置的看法。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Rvelli用这些例子来展示，学习的行为本身可以是变革性的，鼓舞人们用新的方式思考和看待世界。A. mderate适度的；B. apprpriate适当的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. transfrmative变革性的。根据下文“inspiring new ways f thinking and seeing the wrld.”可知，学习可以鼓舞人们用新的方式思考，用新的方式看待世界，所以此处表示学习本身可以是变革性的。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Rvelli相信，好奇心是人类最大的优势之一，并邀请读者通过探索激发兴趣的话题来培养它。A. cnnectins连接；B. traditins传统；C. strengths优势；D. innvatins创新。根据下文“he invites readers t cultivate it by explring tpics that aruse their interest.”以及“He argues that this sense f wnder is what makes learning wrthwhile — nt the ___12___ it might bring.”可知，Rvelli相信好奇心是人类的优势，所以会邀请读者培养好奇心。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：无论是物理、艺术、哲学，甚至是日常经历，发现新事物的过程都可能是非常有回报的。A. similar相似的；B. funny有趣的；C. new新的；D. dark黑暗的。根据上文“Rvelli believes that curisity is ne f humanity’s greatest ___10___ ,”、下文“He argues that this sense f wnder is what makes learning wrthwhile — nt the ___12___ it might bring.”以及语境可知，此处表示好奇心是人类的优势，所以此处表示发现新事物，从中获得惊奇的感觉。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他认为，正是这种惊奇感让学习变得有价值，而不是它可能带来的成绩。A. grwth成长；B. grades成绩；C. uncertainty不确定性；D. wisdm智慧。根据上文“In tday’s fast-paced wrld, peple ften view educatin as a tl fr ___3___ — getting gd grades, securing a jb, r achieving material gals.”以及语境可知，此处表示学习本身有价值，而不仅仅在于所取得的成绩。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，这应该是一次创造性的个人之旅。A. shrt短的；B. affrdable可负担的；C. safe安全的；D. persnal个人的。根据上文“Rvelli als emphasizes that learning shuld never be limited by rules r expectatins.”和下文“He encurages readers t ask big questins, fllw their interests, and take time t reflect n what they learn. By ding s, he believes we can ___14___ a deeper understanding f urselves and the wrld arund us.”可知，学习永远不应该受到规则或期望的限制，这应该是有创造性的个人的旅程，深入了解自己和周围的世界。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过这样做，他相信我们可以更深入地了解自己和周围的世界。A. unlck揭开，揭示；B. cmplicate复杂化；C. cmplement补足，补充；D. expse揭露。根据上文“He encurages readers t ask big questins, fllw their interests, and take time t reflect n what they learn.”可知，关注自己的兴趣，反思自己所学的东西，这会使人更深入了解自己和周围的世界，unlck a deeper understanding f表示“深入了解”。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在There Are Places in the Wrld Where Rules Are Less Imprtant Than Kindness一书中，Rvelli衷心提醒我们，学习不仅仅是关于事实或结果，而是关于好奇心、好奇心和发现新可能性的乐趣。A. mtivatins动机；B. interests兴趣；C. results结果；D. questins问题。根据文章开头“Carl Rvelli’s bk, There Are Places in the Wrld Where Rules Are Less Imprtant Than Kindness, ffers a refreshing perspective n learning, urging readers t pursue curisity and explratin withut wrrying abut practical utcmes.”可知，Rvelli提醒我们的是，学习不仅仅是关于实际的结果，而是关于学习过程中的乐趣。故选C。
（五）
（2025年虹口一模）
Manufacturing is a ne-way business. Raw materials g int a factry and finished prducts cme ut. Once thse gds are ____21____, prducers usually wash their hands f them. Certainly they d nt wrry that mst f the prducts are eventually burnt r buried in landfill, which ____22____ the planet. In nly 50 years, the wrld’s cnsumptin f raw materials has nearly becme fur times as big, t mre than 100 billin tns, but nly less than 9% f this is reused, resulting in a ____23____ f materials.
Industry des talk abut sustainability and recycling, but much f that is ____24____ intended t imprve brand images. Yet even a cmpany’s prfits can ____25____ being envirnmentally friendly. This is especially s in the case f “gigafactries”, s called because their utput f batteries fr electric vehicles (EVs) is measured in gigawatt hurs (GWh).
Every carmaking cuntry wants gigafactries. Batteries are the cstliest part f an EV, s making them is ____26____ . But they cntain materials that are pricey and can be hard t btain. Supply chains are lng and cmplicated, and buyers risk their reputatin ____27____ by their suppliers’ pr envirnmental and labur standards. ____28____ materials makes sense.
Being ____29____, mst gigafactries are designed with recycling in mind frm the start. The result is a _____30_____ prductin prcess. The idea is that nce _____31_____ reach the ends f their lives, they shuld g back t a factry, where their cmpnents can be recvered and put int new batteries.
Gigafactries are nt yet mdels f the circular ecnmy, but they are laying the fundatins. Nrthvlt, a battery-maker, aims by 2030 t prduce 150GWh f batteries — enugh t pwer sme 2 millin EVs. By then, arund half its raw materials shuld cme frm recycling ld batteries. Nrthvlt is nt _____32_____. Using renewable pwer and ther measures, CATL — the wrld’s biggest prducer f EV batteries — thinks it shuld eventually be pssible t reduce the carbn ftprint f a battery twards zer.
Culd ther industries d smething similar? Fast fashin is widely knwn as a(n) _____33_____ business. It is estimated that the recycling rate fr little-wrn clthing and ftwear is just 13%. A big part f the reasn is the use f mixed fibres, which are hard t recycle. Clthing cmpanies culd, like gigafactries, re-engineer their prcesses t use fibres that are easier t handle. Cnsumer electrnics is anther such _____34_____ that creates piles f waste, despite the fact that electrnic circuits cntaining precius materials such as gld and silver, and electric mtrs being made frm rare earth metals. _____35_____ culd yet be made in the urban mining f last year’s cellphnes and yesterday’s bluses.
21. A. acceptedB. designedC. sldD. stred
22. A. rulesB. savesC. healsD. pllutes
23. A. analysisB. availabilityC. wasteD. variety
24. A. green-washingB. cst-cuttingC. risk-takingD. trend-setting
25. A. add tB. benefit frmC. center arundD. invest in
26. A. innvativeB. affrdableC. prfitableD. inefficient
27. A. being defendedB. being hurtC. being spreadD. being verlked
28. A. ReusingB. RestringC. ReplacingD. Recharging
29. A. bigB. newC. richD. rare
30. A. fullB. primaryC. dmesticD. circular
31. A. batteriesB. factriesC. vehiclesD. suppliers
32. A. alneB. easyC. safeD. fair
33. A. dynamicB. unsustainableC. inacceptableD. cmpetitive
34. A. gigafactryB. businessC. cmpanyD. manufacturer
35. A. ExceptinsB. CmplaintsC. DiscveriesD. Frtunes
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了制造业中的原材料消耗、可持续性、回收以及超级工厂在循环经济中的作用，同时也提到了其他行业（如快时尚和消费电子产业）在可持续性方面面临的挑战和可能的解决方案。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦这些商品售出，生产者通常就不再对它们负责。A. accepted接受；B. designed设计；C. sld销售；D. stred储存。根据下文“prducers usually wash their hands f them.”可知，商品一旦售出，生产者就不再负责。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们当然不会担心，因为大多数产品最终都会被焚烧或填埋，从而污染地球。A. rules统治、支配；B. saves节省；C. heals治愈；D. pllutes污染。根据空前“mst f the prducts are eventually burnt r buried in landfill,”可推测，产品焚烧或被填埋后会污染地球。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在仅仅50年的时间里，全球原材料消耗量已接近增至原来的四倍，超过100亿吨，但其中只有不到9%被再利用，造成了极大的材料浪费。A. analysis分析；B. availability可用性；C. waste浪费；D. variety多样性。根据上文“In nly 50 years, the wrld’s cnsumptin f raw materials has nearly becme fur times as big, t mre than 100 billin tns, but nly less than 9% f this is reused”可知，全球原材料消耗量已接近增至原来的四倍，超过100亿吨，但其中只有不到9%被再利用。由此可知，这造成了材料的浪费。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：工业界确实在谈论可持续性和回收，但其中很多只是为了改善品牌形象而进行的漂绿行为。A. green-washing漂绿的；B. cst-cutting消减成本的；C. risk-taking冒险的；D. trend-setting引领潮流的。根据空前“Industry des talk abut sustainability and recycling”以及空后的“t imprve brand images”可知，工业界的可持续和回收是为了改善品牌形象而进行的漂绿行为。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：然而，即便是公司的利润也能从环保中受益。A. add t增加；B. benefit frm从……中受益；C. center arund以……为中心；D. invest in投资于。根据下文“This is especially s in the case f “gigafactries”, s called because their utput f batteries fr electric vehicles (EVs) is measured in gigawatt hurs (GWh).”以及“Batteries are the cstliest part f an EV, s making them is ____6____ .”可知，公司可以从环保行为中获益。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：电池是电动汽车中最昂贵的部件，因此生产电池利润丰厚。A. innvative创新的；B. affrdable负担得起的；C. prfitable有利可图的；D. inefficient无效的。根据上文“Batteries are the cstliest part f an EV,”可推测，生产电池有利可赚。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：供应链既长又复杂，买家面临着因供应商环境标准和劳工标准低下而损害自身声誉的风险。A. being defended正在被防御；B. being hurt正在被伤害；C. being spread正在被传播；D. being verlked正在被忽视。根据空后“by their suppliers’ pr envirnmental and labur standards.”可知，因为供应商环境标准和劳工标准低下，买家面临会有损害自身声誉的风险。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，再利用材料显得合情合理。A. Reusing再利用；B. Restring修复；C. Replacing替换；D. Recharging充电。根据上文“But they cntain materials that are pricey and can be hard t btain. Supply chains are lng and cmplicated, and buyers risk their reputatin ____7____ by their suppliers’ pr envirnmental and labur standards.”可推测，由于电池所含的材料价格昂贵且难以获取等原因，再回收利用电池就很合理。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为新兴事物，大多数超级工厂从一开始就在设计上考虑了回收问题。A. big大的；B. new新的；C. rich丰富的；D. rare罕见的。根据上文“Every carmaking cuntry wants gigafactries.”以及常理可知，超级工厂是新兴事物。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：结果是形成了一个循环生产过程。A. full满的；B. primary主要的；C. dmestic国内的；D. circular循环的。根据上文“Being ____9____ , mst gigafactries are designed with recycling in mind frm the start.”可知，大多数超级工厂从一开始就在设计上考虑了回收问题。由此可知，这就形成了一个循环生产过程。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个理念是，一旦电池寿命终结，它们就应该被送回工厂，在那里回收其组件并用于制造新电池。A. batteries电池；B. factries工厂；C. vehicles车辆；D. suppliers供应商。根据下文的“where their cmpnents can be recvered and put int new batteries”中的“batteries”可知，电池寿命终结后就被送回工厂，用于制造新电池。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Nrthvlt并非孤例。A. alne独自的；B. easy容易的；C. safe安全的；D. fair公平的。根据下文“Using renewable pwer and ther measures, CATL — the wrld’s biggest prducer f EV batteries — thinks it shuld eventually be pssible t reduce the carbn ftprint f a battery twards zer.”可知，全球最大的电动汽车电池生产商宁德时代（CATL）也利用再生能源和采取其他措施。由此可知，Nrthvlt并非孤例。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：快时尚产业众所周知是不可持续的。A. dynamic有活力的；B. unsustainable不可持续的；C. inacceptable不可接受的；D. cmpetitive有竞争力的。根据下文“It is estimated that the recycling rate fr little-wrn clthing and ftwear is just 13%.”可知，快时尚产业的回收率很低，由此可知，快时尚产业不可持续。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：消费电子产业是另一个产生大量废物的行业，尽管其中含有黄金和白银等贵金属的电子电路，以及由稀土金属制成的电动机。A. gigafactry超级工厂；B. business商业、行业；C. cmpany公司；D. manufacturer制造商。根据空后“that creates piles f waste, despite the fact that electrnic circuits cntaining precius materials such as gld and silver, and electric mtrs being made frm rare earth metals.”可知，空处指的是消费电子产业是另一个产生大量废物的行业。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：从去年的手机和昨天的衬衫中进行城市采矿，仍然有可能获得巨大的财富。A. Exceptins例外；B. Cmplaints抱怨；C. Discveries发现；D. Frtunes财富。根据上文“Cnsumer electrnics is anther such ____14____ that creates piles f waste, despite the fact that electrnic circuits cntaining precius materials such as gld and silver, and electric mtrs being made frm rare earth metals.”可知，电子产品中含有黄金和白银等贵金属的电子电路，以及由稀土金属制成的电动机。由此可知，从去年的手机和昨天的衬衫中进行城市采矿可以获得财富。故选D。
（六）
（2025年长宁一模）
Health care is a necessity fr everyne, but nt everyne has equal access t it. Peple in rural cmmunities in particular face barriers t medical care that d nt affect peple in cities. This is true bth in develped cuntries and in the develpments and nnprfit rganizatins are wrking t address the ____21____.
One barrier t rural health care is ____22____. Rural cmmunities are ____23____ far frm ppulatin centers, which means mst small twns d nt have large hspitals, s rural peple need t travel lng distances t see dctrs. Rural areas als usually lack public transprtatin, which wrsens the prblem.
Even if there is a hspital in a rural cmmunity, dctrs ften prefer t live in larger cities, s finding ____24____ can be challenging. Rural hspitals especially tend t lack specialists. Since each specialist nly sees a small prtin f the ttal number f patients, many hspitals ____25____ that they d nt have enugh patients wh need the specialist t emply ne. ____26____, the patients wh d need the specialist are frced t travel lng distances r g withut necessary treatment. In additin, in many cuntries, peple in rural areas are mre likely t live in pverty and struggle t pay fr health care than urban residents.
A variety f develpments may help ____27____ sme f these prblems. One significant ne is telehealth—using technlgy such as vide cnferences t allw patients t speak with dctrs in ____28____. Using telehealth, dctrs cannt run tests r examine patients up clse. The technlgy, ____29____, can be useful fr mental health care, fllw-up appintments after surgery and the mnitring f enduring health issues.
Smetimes if patients cannt travel t a clinic, the clinic will g t them. ______30______ health clinics are used in sme areas t reach peple wh have truble ging t see a dctr. These traveling health units are ften ______31______ than hspitals as well because they d nt pay fr as many facilities.
Small rural hspitals that lack financial resurces smetimes cnsider ______32______ larger netwrks that have access t better technlgy. These larger netwrks can als help rural hspitals bring n bard new staff.
Sme cuntries try t mtivate dctrs t wrk in rural areas, ffering slightly higher salaries r ther benefits t thse willing t ______33______ utside cities. They may als reward hspitals based n effectiveness in helping patients, ______34______ paying hspitals based n the number f prcedures they perfrm. This culd reduce csts fr patients.
While the prblem f rural healthcare is ______35______, these initiatives may help prvide necessary treatment fr peple utside majr cities.
21. A. affectinB. medicatinC. inequalityD. necessity
22. A. pvertyB. envirnmentC. administratinD. transprtatin
23. A. by chanceB. by definitinC. by cntrastD. by necessity
24. A. ptential patientsB. public serviceC. medical staffD. reputable experts
25. A. cncludeB. predictC. demandD. prpse
26. A. SubsequentlyB. HweverC. MeanwhileD. Cnsequently
27. A. sustainB. lessenC. detectD. indicate
28. A. depressed areasB. mnitred centresC. ther lcatinsD. brder regins
29. A. mreverB. therwiseC. therefreD. nevertheless
30. A. MdernB. MbileC. MechanicalD. Multiple
31. A. cheaperB. less crwdedC. fancierD. mre endurable
32. A. transitining tB. cmpeting againstC. partnering withD. investing in
33. A. relaxB. practiceC. specializeD. vlunteer
34. A. as ppsed tB. as well asC. regardless fD. prir t
35. A. slvableB. urgentC. criticalD. cmplex
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了农村医疗的困难和复杂性以及解决措施。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在发达国家和发展中国家都是如此，非营利组织正在努力解决这一不平等问题。A. affectin感情；B. medicatin 药物；C. inequality不平等；D. necessity 必需品。根据上文“Peple in rural cmmunities in particular face barriers t medical care that d nt affect peple in cities”可知，非营利组织正在努力解决不平等问题。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：农村医疗保健的一个障碍是交通。A. pverty贫困；B. envirnment环境；C. administratin管理；D. transprtatin交通。根据下文“s rural peple need t travel lng distances t see dctrs”可知，交通是个障碍。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：根据定义，农村社区远离人口中心，这意味着大多数小城镇没有大医院，因此农村居民需要走很远的路去看医生。A. by chance偶然；B. by definitin按照定义；当然地；明显地；C. by cntrast对比；D. by necessity由于无法改变的条件。根据下文“far frm ppulatin centers, which means mst small twns d nt have large hspitals”可知，这是对农村医疗条件的定义。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查名词短语词义辨析。句意：即使在农村社区有医院，医生往往更喜欢住在大城市，所以寻找医务人员可能是一个挑战。A. ptential patients潜在患者；B. public service公共服务；C. medical staff医护人员；D. reputable experts信誉良好的专家。根据上文“dctrs ften prefer t live in larger cities”可知，寻找医务人员可能是一个挑战。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于每个专科医生只能接诊所有患者中的一小部分，许多医院断定他们没有足够的患者需要专科医生，因此不雇佣专科医生。A. cnclude 断定，推断出；B. predict预测；C. demand要求；D. prpse建议。根据上文“Since each specialist nly sees a small prtin f the ttal number f patients”可知，许多医院断定他们没有足够的患者需要专科医生。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，确实需要专科医生的病人被迫长途跋涉，或者没有得到必要的治疗。A. Subsequently随后；B. Hwever然而；C. Meanwhile与此同时；D. Cnsequently因此。根据句意可知，前后句子为因果关系。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：各种各样的发展可能有助于减轻其中的一些问题。A. sustain维持；B. lessen减少；C. detect发现；D. indicate表明。根据上文“A variety f develpments”可知，各种各样的发展可能有助于减轻其中的一些问题。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查名词短语词义辨析。句意：其中一个重要的是远程医疗——利用视频会议等技术，病人可以与其他地方的医生交谈。A. depressed areas落后地区；B. mnitred centres监控中心；C. ther lcatins其他地点；D. brder regins边境地区。根据下文“Using telehealth, dctrs cannt run tests r examine patients up clse”以及常识可知，利用视频会议等技术，病人可以与其他地方的医生交谈。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这项技术对心理健康护理、手术后的随访预约和长期健康问题的监测都很有用。A. mrever此外；B. therwise否则；C. therefre因此；D. nevertheless然而。根据句意可知，前后句子为转折关系。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一些地区，流动诊所被用来帮助那些难以去看医生的人。A. Mdern现代的；B. Mbile活动的，可移动的；C. Mechanical 机械（方面）的；D. Multiple多个的，多种的。根据下文“These traveling health units”可知，这里指流动诊所。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些移动医疗机构通常也比医院便宜，因为它们不需要为许多设施付费。A. cheaper更便宜的；B. less crwded不拥挤的；C. fancier更华丽的；D. mre endurable更耐用。根据下文“because they d nt pay fr as many facilities.”可知，这些移动医疗机构通常也比医院便宜。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：缺乏财政资源的小型农村医院有时会考虑与能够获得更好技术的大型网络合作。A. transitining t转向；B. cmpeting against竞争；C. partnering with合作；D. investing in投资。根据下文“These larger netwrks can als help rural hspitals bring n bard new staff.”可知，缺乏财政资源的小型农村医院有时会考虑与能够获得更好技术的大型网络合作。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些国家试图鼓励医生到农村地区工作，为那些愿意在城市以外从事专业工作的医生提供略高的工资或其他福利。A. relax放松；B. practice从业；C. specialize专门；D. vlunteer志愿。根据上文“ffering slightly higher salaries”可知，一些国家试图鼓励医生到农村地区工作。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查短语词义辨析。句意：他们还可能根据帮助病人的有效性来奖励医院，而不是根据医院执行的手术数量来支付费用。A. as ppsed t相反；B. as well as以及；C. regardless f不管；不顾；D. prir t之前。根据上文“They may als reward hspitals based n effectiveness in helping patients”以及下文“paying hspitals based n the number f prcedures they perfrm.”可知，表示相反的情况。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然农村医疗问题很复杂，但这些举措可能有助于为大城市以外的人提供必要的治疗。A. slvable可解决的；B. urgent紧急的；C. critical关键的；D. cmplex复杂的。根据上文的叙述了可知，提到了医疗人员短缺，交通问题，贫困问题，所以农村医疗问题很复杂。故选D项。