专题20 概要写作之说明文 -高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（上海专用）

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目录
TOC \ "1-3" \h \z \u \l "_Tc148898652" 题型综述2
\l "_Tc148898652" 解题攻略3
\l "_Tc148898657" 高考练场8
\l "_Tc148898657" 变式演练14
（一）题型解读
1. 题型特点
文本类型：上海高考英语说明文概要写作通常涉及对某一现象、问题或对象的介绍、分析和说明。
字数要求：字数一般在300字左右，要求考生在60字以内完成概要写作。
考查能力：主要考查考生对文章主旨的把握能力、信息提取能力以及用简洁语言表达的能力。
2. 常见主题
现象揭示类：介绍某种常见现象及其影响。
利弊对比类：分析某一事物的优缺点。
研究显示类：基于研究结果进行说明。
（二）写作步骤与技巧
1. 通读全文，梳理结构
略读：快速浏览文章，明确文章的主旨和结构。
划分段落：根据文章结构，划分出不同部分，找出每段的中心句。
2. 提炼要点，去次留精
提取关键信息：提取每段的中心思想和主要支持点，忽略细节。
关键词汇：关注文章中的关键词汇，帮助概括主要内容。
3. 组织语言，简洁表达
使用简单句：尽量使用简单句和短句，避免复杂句式。
合理转换表达：用同义词或短语替换原文中的关键词，但要保持原意。
连贯性：使用适当的连接词（如“and”“but”“then”等）使内容连贯。
4. 检查核对，确保准确
核对要点：检查是否遗漏了关键信息。
语法检查：确保句子结构正确，时态一致。
字数控制：严格控制在60字左右。
（三）模板及句型
1. 常用模板
现象揭示类：
The article pints ut the cmmn phenmenn f [主题]，which [补充解释] 。
利弊对比类：
The article cmpares the disadvantages/benefits f A and B. A [具体描述]，while B [具体描述] 。
研究显示类：
The study reveals that... The purpse f the reprt is t shw that... 。
2. 常用句型
描述现象：
The article highlights the issue f [现象]，which has [影响]
分析原因：
The main reasns fr [现象] include [原因1] and [原因2]
提出建议：
T address [问题]，the authr suggests [建议]

说明文（Expsitin）写作抓住关键句：文章第一段和各段第一句。说明文体的阅读材料内容大致可以分为以下几类：
现象揭示类：The article pints ut the cmmn phenmenn—(主题)，which…(补充解释)
利弊对比类：The article cmpares the disadvantages/benefits f A and B. A…while B…
The passage discusses the impact f sth./On the psitive side,…, but it may als…
研究显示类：The study reveals that…; The purpse f the reprt is t shw that…
说明文概要写作模板
说明文：phenmenn / prblem + reasn + slutin (cause and effect), intrductin f an bject (hw it is made, hw it is used, hw it may change, what makes it new r significant)
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint (s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
【上海市位育中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中测评英语试卷】
Mindfulness
Mindfulness typically refers t a state f in-the-mment awareness in which ne avids judging the thughts and emtins f himself and thers. It is ften practiced in meditatin（冥想） and sme frms f therapy.
Numerus findings frm psychlgical research suggest practicing mindfulness can lead t many benefits, including stress reductin and increased psychlgical well-being. Fr example, in a study f cancer patients, cultivating mindfulness thrugh meditatin r ther mindfulness-based training enabled peple t be mre selective abut their emtinal experiences, enabling them t reduce their stress and anxiety while increasing psitive emtins. Similarly, studies shw that mindfulness can als enhance infrmatin prcessing speed while reducing effrt and negative thughts and the meditatrs significantly utperfrmed the nn-meditatrs n all measures f attentin, suggestin that mindfulness imprves ne's ability t fcus.
It is apparent that mindfulness has many ntewrthy benefits, which include everything, frm psychlgical t physical imprvements. Hwever, research has als shwn that in sme cases mindfulness can als lead t negative utcmes. Fr example, ne study fund that fllwing mindfulness meditatin, participants were mre likely t frm take memries, demnstrating a ptential unintended dwnside t mindfulness. In additin, anther study suggested mindfulness researchers needed t be careful that they didn't learn participants by bringing abut unpleasant mental, physical, r spiritual reactins thrugh mindfulness. Fr example, mindfulness meditatin may result in severe anxiety fr thse diagnsed with Pst-traumatic Stress Disrder （PTSD） （创伤后应激障碍）. Thse with PTSD tend t avid thughts and feelings related t their trauma. Hwever, mindfulness meditatin encurages emtinal penness, which culd lead individuals with PTSD t experience the stressrs that they previusly avided, ptentially leading t re-traumatizatin.
It can't be denied that mindfulness is an imprtant tl in the managerial tlbx, but it is nt a cure-all, and it must be applied thughtfully t be effective.
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解题步骤
第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构
本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”式：
第1段：介绍正念（mindfulness）的定义及其常见实践方式。
第2段：阐述正念带来的诸多益处，如减轻压力、提升心理福祉等。
第3段：指出正念在某些情况下可能带来的负面结果，如形成错误记忆、加重PTSD患者的焦虑等。
第4段：总结正念的重要性，但强调其并非万能，需要谨慎应用。
第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息
第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达
第1段：Mindfulness is a state f in-the-mment awareness practiced in meditatin and therapy.
（正念是一种当下的意识状态，常用于冥想和治疗。）
第2段：Mindfulness can reduce stress, enhance well-being, and imprve fcus and attentin.
（正念可以减轻压力、提升福祉，并提高注意力和专注力。）
第3段：Hwever, mindfulness can lead t false memries and wrsen PTSD symptms.
（然而，正念可能导致错误记忆，并加重PTSD患者的症状。）
第4段：Mindfulness is useful but nt a cure-all and needs careful applicatin.
（正念是有用的工具，但并非万能，需要谨慎应用。）
第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接
使用“Hwever”连接正念的益处和负面结果，形成对比。
使用“but”和“and”连接总结部分的内容。
概要写作答案（60词左右）
Mindfulness is a state f in-the-mment awareness practiced in meditatin and therapy. It can reduce stress, enhance well-being, and imprve fcus and attentin. Hwever, mindfulness can als lead t false memries and wrsen PTSD symptms. While mindfulness is a useful tl, it is nt a cure-all and needs careful applicatin t be effective.
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint (s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
【上海市育才中学2023-2024学年高三上学期10月第一次阶段检测英语试卷】
It is a cmmn sight n campus r in the streets: a yung persn rides by n an electric scter, traveling quickly and prudly. But Beijing’s traffic authrities have said that starting n Sept.5, peple wh are caught riding electric scters n public rads r bicycle lanes will be fined 10 yuan. They will als be given a warning nt t use the vehicles n public rads again.
The annuncement was made after traffic plice in Shanghai started a campaign t get electric scters ff public rads, with plice fficers stpping riders because the scters culd cause traffic prblems.
The Beijing Cnsumer Assciatin said it had tested mre than 20 electric scters f different brands recently and fund that mst had substandard brakes. It added that 16 f the tested scters culd g faster than the maximum 20 km per hur set fr electric bikes. Accrding t the traffic plice, peple wh ride electric scters at certain speeds can easily bump int the vehicles in the vehicle lane and hurt peple wh walk in the bicycle lanes.
But seeing the benefits that electric scters have brught t yung peple, experts are wrried that the ban may take effect slwly.
Electric scters are a great answer t the ‘last mile prblem’ f getting frm a public transprt statin t ne’s hme. They’re light enugh t thrw ver yur shulder. They’re easy t ride just abut anywhere and dn’t need a lt f physical effrt. The scter can travel 25 km n ne charge. It’s cnvenient and easy t cntrl.
They are als gd fr envirnment. Unlike cars and buses, electric scters prduce n carbn dixide, need n fuel and make almst n nise.
Fr many yung peple, they use them t cpy cl celebrities they have seen in vides.
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解题步骤
第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构
本文主要围绕“电动滑板车的使用现状及其问题”展开，结构为“总—分”式：
第1段：描述现象——年轻人骑电动滑板车。
第2段：北京的处罚措施。
第3段：上海的治理背景。
第4段：电动滑板车的安全隐患。
第5段：电动滑板车的优势（解决最后一公里问题）。
第6段：电动滑板车的环境优势。
第7段：年轻人使用电动滑板车的原因。
第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息
第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达
第1段：Yung peple ften ride electric scters prudly.
（年轻人自豪地骑电动滑板车。）
第2段：Beijing fines riders and warns them.
（北京对骑电动滑板车的人罚款并警告。）
第3段：Shanghai’s campaign aims t slve traffic issues.
（上海的行动旨在解决交通问题。）
第4段：Scters have safety issues due t pr brakes and high speed.
（电动滑板车因刹车差和速度高存在安全问题。）
第5段：Scters slve the last mile prblem and are cnvenient.
（电动滑板车解决了最后一公里问题，且方便。）
第6段：Scters are envirnmentally friendly.
（电动滑板车环保。）
第7段：Yung peple use them t imitate celebrities.
（年轻人用它们模仿名人。）
第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接
对比：使用“Hwever”连接安全隐患和优势部分，形成对比。
因果：使用“because”或“due t”连接原因和结果。
概要写作答案（60词左右）
Yung peple ften ride electric scters prudly. Hwever, Beijing fines riders and warns them due t safety issues like pr brakes and high speed. Shanghai’s campaign als aims t slve traffic prblems. Despite these issues, scters slve the last mile prblem, are cnvenient, and envirnmentally friendly. Many yung peple use them t imitate celebrities.
（一）
【【来源】上海市延安中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中英语考试卷】
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Ways f parenting
It is evident that in bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisitin f each new skill — the first spken wrds, the first independent steps, r the beginning f reading and writing. It is cmmn t see parents hurry the child beynd his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerus feelings f failure and states f wrry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be frced t use a tilet t early, a yung child might be encuraged t learn t read befre he knws the meaning f the wrds he reads. On the ther hand, thugh, when a child is left alne t much, r withut any learning pprtunities, he lses his natural enthusiasm fr life and his desire t find ut new things fr himself.
Parenting practices ften stem frm the persnal needs and pririties f parents, as they aim t align their children’s upbringing with their wn gals and expectatins. At the same time, external influences subtly shape these appraches, with cmmunity values and scietal nrms playing an underlying rle in guiding decisins abut child-rearing. These intercnnected factrs tgether influence hw parents manage their children’s grwth and behavir.
As regards the develpment f mral standards in the grwing child, cnsistency is very imprtant in parental teaching. T frbid a thing ne day and excuse it the next is n fundatin fr mrality. Als parents shuld realize that “example is better than precept (戒律，准则)”. If they are nt sincere and d nt practice what they preach (说教), their children may grw cnfused and emtinally insecure when they grw ld enugh t think fr themselves, and realize they have been t sme extent fled. A sudden awareness f a marked difference between their parents’ principles and their mrals can be a dangerus disappintment.
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【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，养育子女的方式各不相同。加快孩子的进步会引发负面情绪，而忽视他们的学习需求会削弱他们与生俱来的好奇心。这种差异是由父母的个人要求以及社会价值观和规则造成的。同时，要培养孩子的道德，父母应该坚持同样的标准，言行一致，否则孩子可能会在情感上变得脆弱和失望。
解题步骤
第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构
本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”式：
第1段：描述父母在孩子成长过程中对技能获取的关注，以及过度催促或忽视孩子可能导致的问题。
第2段：分析父母育儿方式的来源，包括个人需求、优先事项以及外部社会和社区价值观的影响。
第3段：强调在孩子道德教育中保持一致性和以身作则的重要性。
第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息
第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达
第1段：Parents ften push children t learn skills t quickly r leave them withut guidance, causing failure r lss f enthusiasm.
（父母常常急于让孩子快速掌握技能，或让孩子缺乏指导，导致孩子失败或失去热情。）
第2段：Parenting practices are influenced by persnal needs and external factrs like cmmunity values.
（育儿方式受到个人需求和外部因素如社区价值观的影响。）
第3段：Cnsistency and setting a gd example are crucial in teaching children mrals t avid cnfusin and disappintment.
（在对孩子进行道德教育时，保持一致性和树立良好榜样至关重要，以避免孩子感到困惑和失望。）
第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接
使用“On the ther hand”表达对比。
使用“Als”和“Mrever”连接相关的内容。
使用“can be”表达可能的结果。
概要写作答案（60词左右）
Parents ften push children t learn skills t quickly r leave them withut guidance, causing failure r lss f enthusiasm. Parenting practices are influenced by persnal needs and external factrs like cmmunity values. Cnsistency and setting a gd example are crucial in teaching children mrals t avid cnfusin and disappintment.
Ways f parenting are vary. Hastening children’s prgress triggers negative feelings while neglecting their needs t learn diminishes innate curisity. The differences result frm parents’ individual requirements, alng with scial values and rules. Meanwhile, t cultivate mrality in children, parents shuld stick t the same standards and match their wrds with deeds, r children may be afterwards emtinally vulnerable and disappinted.

（二）
【上海市向明中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中测试英语试卷】
The psychlgy behind sprts fandm
We all knw there are sprts fans all arund the wrld. But what psychlgical prcesses drive them t supprt their favrite athletes r teams with such passin, even withut the pssibility f reward?
Psychlgists have lng been interested in this tpic. Their survey reveals that peple’s need fr a sense f belnging is met when cnnected t smething bigger than themselves. It taps int their need fr purpse. Withut this cnnectin, they may feel that what they d desn’t really matter. Sprts fandm tends t invlve a deep emtinal attachment, t. Fans may nt directly cntribute t the results f matches, but they feel each win and lss as their wn. As a result, they cntinue t put in their emtins, time, energy — and ften mney — t supprt their favrite stars r teams.
Sprts fans cnsider their devtin t be a rewarding investment. Fandm can serve as a frm f escape, allwing them t temprarily discnnect frm their daily stresses. It als raises self-esteem, as fans ften assciate themselves with successful teams and feel a sense f pride. In additin, being part f a sprts cmmunity can strengthen scial bnds. Fr example, fans tend t say “we,” “us” and “ur” t shw their attachment t their favrite team, especially when it perfrms well. This shared language fsters a sense f tgetherness and helps peple build friendships. This is mre imprtant than ever nwadays as ther bnds acrss sciety have weakened, such as music and pp culture.
Hwever, sprts fans shuld nt put t many eggs in the sprts basket. After all, being a fan is all abut chasing mments f pure jy that stay with yu fr a lng time, whereas the heavy emtinal investment can lead t feelings f anxiety r disappintment when a team r athlete perfrms badly. Fr sme peple, the attachment becmes s strng that it affects their nrmal lives. There have been extreme cases f peple skipping a child’s wedding fr a certain game!
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【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章分析了体育迷热情支持运动员或球队的心理机制。
解题步骤
第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构
本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”式：
第1段：引出问题——体育迷为何如此热情地支持他们喜欢的运动员或球队，尽管没有直接回报。
第2段：心理学家的研究表明，体育迷的支持源于归属感和目的感。
第3段：体育迷对球队或运动员有深厚的情感依附，他们将比赛的胜负视为自己的胜负。
第4段：体育迷认为他们的投入是值得的，体育迷行为可以作为一种逃避现实的方式，提升自尊，并增强社交联系。
第5段：警告体育迷不应过度投入，因为过度的情感投入可能导致焦虑或失望，甚至影响正常生活。
第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息
第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达
第1段：Sprts fans passinately supprt their favrite athletes r teams withut expecting rewards.
（体育迷热情地支持他们喜欢的运动员或球队，尽管没有期待回报。）
第2段：Psychlgists find that sprts fans’ need fr belnging and purpse drives their supprt.
（心理学家发现，体育迷对归属感和目的感的需求推动了他们的支持行为。）
第3段：Sprts fans feel deeply attached t their teams, experiencing wins and lsses as their wn.
（体育迷对球队有深厚的情感依附，将比赛的胜负视为自己的胜负。）
第4段：Fandm is rewarding as it prvides escape, bsts self-esteem, and strengthens scial bnds.
（体育迷行为是值得的，因为它可以让人逃避现实、提升自尊并增强社交联系。）
第5段：Hwever, ver-investment can lead t anxiety, disappintment, and disruptin f nrmal life.
（然而，过度投入可能导致焦虑、失望甚至干扰正常生活。）
第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接
使用“Hwever”表达转折。
使用“and”连接相关的内容。
使用“as”表示原因。
概要写作答案（60词左右）
Sprts fans passinately supprt their favrite athletes r teams withut expecting rewards. Psychlgists find that sprts fans’ need fr belnging and purpse drives their supprt. Sprts fans feel deeply attached t their teams, experiencing wins and lsses as their wn. Fandm is rewarding as it prvides escape, bsts self-esteem, and strengthens scial bnds. Hwever, ver-investment can lead t anxiety, disappintment, and disruptin f nrmal life.
The passage explres the psychlgical drivers behind sprts fandm, highlighting hw it fulfills a need fr belnging and purpse, fsters emtinal attachment, and bsts self-esteem. It als serves as an escape frm daily stress and strengthens scial cnnectins. Hwever, excessive investment can lead t anxiety r life imbalances. Sprts fandm ffers jy but shuld be balanced t avid negative impacts.
（三）
【上海市大同中学2023-2024学年高三月考英语试卷】
The Unexpected Pwer f Randm Acts f Kindness
In late August, Erin Alexander, 57, sat in the parking lt f a Target stre and wept. She was having a hard day. A barista(咖啡师) wrking at the Starbucks inside the Target was t. The espress machine had brken dwn and she was clearly stressed. Ms. Alexander — wh’d stpped crying and gne inside fr sme caffeine — smiled, rdered an iced green tea, and tld her t hang in there. After picking up her rder, she nticed a message n the cup: “Erin,” the barista had written next t a heart, “yur sul is glden.” The warmth f that small and unexpected gesture, frm a stranger wh had n idea f what she was ging thrugh, mved Erin deeply.
New findings, published in the Jurnal f Experimental Psychlgy in August, crrbrate just hw pwerful experiences like Ms. Alexander’s can be.
The ntin that kindness can bst well-being is hardly new. Studies have shwn that prscial behavir — basically, vluntarily helping thers — can help lwer peple’s daily stress levels, and that simple acts f cnnectin, like texting a friend, mean mre than many f us realize.
But researchers have als fund that peple wh perfrm a randm act f kindness tend t underestimate hw much the recipient will appreciate it. And they believe that miscalculatin culd hld many f us back frm ding nice things fr thers mre ften.
Stress can als keep peple frm being kind t thers, Dr. Cusineau said, as can the “little judgy vice” in peple’s heads that causes them t questin whether their gesture r gift will be misinterpreted, r whether it will make the recipient feel pressured t pay it back. “When the kindness urge arises,” she said, “we ttally verthink it.”
Researchers wh study kindness and friendship say they hpe the new findings strengthen the scientific case fr making these types f gestures mre ften.
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【导语】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明陌生人的意外的小小善举可以改善人们的幸福感，然而由于某些原因人们做出小小善举是还有些犹豫。研究人员建议人们多多行善。
解题步骤
第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构
本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”式：
第1段：通过Erin Alexander的故事引出主题——随机善举的强大影响力。
第2段：介绍研究发现，善举对幸福感的提升作用。
第3段：说明人们往往低估了善举对接受者的积极影响。
第4段：探讨阻碍人们行善的因素，如压力和过度思考。
第5段：总结研究者希望新发现能鼓励人们更频繁地做出善举。
第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息
第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达
第1段：Erin Alexander was deeply mved by a kind nte frm a stranger.
（Erin Alexander被一个陌生人的善举深深打动。）
第2段：New research shws that kindness can bst well-being and reduce stress.
（新研究表明，善举可以提升幸福感并降低压力。）
第3段：Peple ften underestimate hw much their kindness is appreciated.
（人们常常低估了他们的善举被欣赏的程度。）
第4段：Stress and verthinking can prevent peple frm perfrming kind acts.
（压力和过度思考会阻碍人们行善。）
第5段：Researchers hpe the findings will encurage mre randm acts f kindness.
（研究者希望这些发现能鼓励更多随机善举。）
第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接
使用“Hwever”表达转折。
使用“and”连接相关的内容。
使用“such as”列举例子。
概要写作答案（60词左右）
Erin Alexander was deeply mved by a kind nte frm a stranger. New research shws that kindness can bst well-being and reduce stress. Peple ften underestimate hw much their kindness is appreciated. Stress and verthinking can prevent peple frm perfrming kind acts. Researchers hpe the findings will encurage mre randm acts f kindness.
Studies have shwn that stranger’s randm acts f kindness, usually small and unexpected gesture, can imprve peple’s well-being. Hwever, peple hesitate t be nice t thers, mistakenly believing the recipient desn’t value it much. Mrever, they fear the gesture being misinterpreted r causing stress. Researchers suggest peple perfrm randm kind acts mre ften. (53wrds)
A
（2025年浦东新区一模）
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
51.
Why can’t adults talk nrmally t babies?
In scientific literature, baby talk is called “parentese”, and is a unique way f cmmunicating with babies. It ften invlves using repetitive and exaggerated sunds, such as “cing” and “g-g,” alng with using diminutive wrds like “baby,” “binky,” r “blankie.” Adults als tend t speak mre slwly and emphasize key wrds r phrases when engaging in baby talk.
What’s the pint f using such a ridiculus style f talking with babies? Why nt just talk t a baby with nrmal speech, like we’d talk t anther adult, r even a 5-year-ld child? Primarily, we use baby talk t capture the baby’s attentin. The dramatic vcalizatins and facial expressins serve t engage the child’s fcus by being distinct frm all the ther nise and visual stimuli arund the baby. Remember, the brain f a newbrn baby is still develping and needs different cues t engage and learn smething. Baby talk als helps t establish an emtinal cnnectin between the adult and the baby. The gentle tne cnveys affectin, lve, and care. As a result, in a way, it reassures the child by giving him a sense f security.
Interestingly, there was a study where researchers tested 2,329 babies frm 16 cuntries n their preference fr this lively vcalizatin. Babies clearly prefer it when we “h” and “c”. The study als revealed that babies frm almst all cultures have an inbrn lve fr baby talk. Baby talk tells the infants, “Hey! This speech is nly fr yu, since yu’re special,” and wh desn’t lve that? It melts their sweet little hearts and warms urs.
T supprt yur baby’s develpment, try using baby talk regularly. Use a playful tne, make eye cntact, and emphasize key wrds. These simple actins strengthen bnds and wrk a lt fr their develpment.
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【参考答案】
Adults use baby talk, r “parentese”, a distinctive speech invlving exaggerated sunds and slw speech, t engage with babies fr several reasns. First, it captures their attentin thrugh expressive facial expressins and vcalizatins. Secnd, it builds emtinal bnds, prviding a sense f security. Research indicates that babies, regardless f cultural backgrund, instinctively prefer baby talk. T supprt yur baby’s develpment, try using baby talk regularly. (64 wrds)
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了婴儿语（“parentese”）这种与婴儿交流的独特方式，阐述其特点、作用，以及婴儿对它的喜爱，并建议经常使用以促进婴儿发展。
【详解】
要点摘录
In scientific literature, baby talk is called “parentese”, and is a unique way f cmmunicating with babies. It ften invlves using repetitive and exaggerated sunds... Adults als tend t speak mre slwly and emphasize key wrds r phrases when engaging in baby talk.
Primarily, we use baby talk t capture the baby’s attentin.
Baby talk als helps t establish an emtinal cnnectin between the adult and the baby.
The study als revealed that babies frm almst all cultures have an inbrn lve fr baby talk.
T supprt yur baby’s develpment, try using baby talk regularly.
缜密构思
将关于婴儿语特点的内容整合；将吸引婴儿注意力和建立情感联系整合为作用；将研究表明婴儿喜爱及建议经常使用分别提炼。
遣词造句
Baby talk, r “parentese”, uses repetitive, exaggerated sunds and slw speech.
It attracts babies' attentin and builds emtinal cnnectins.
Babies glbally like it, and regular use aids their develpment.
【点睛】
[高分句型 1] Baby talk, r “parentese”, uses repetitive, exaggerated sunds and slw speech. (运用简单句对婴儿语的特点进行总结)
[高分句型 2] Babies glbally like it, and regular use aids their develpment. (运用并列句对婴儿对婴儿语的喜爱及使用建议进行总结)
B
（2025年徐汇一模）
Why we hate phne calls
Suddenly a sund rings ut, stpping yu in yur tracks. Panicking, yu search fr where it culd be cming frm. It’s yur phne, and if yu’ re like a quarter f 18 t 30-year-lds in a recent British study, yu prbably wn’t answer it. The same study fund that 70% f the peple in this age grup prefer text messages t phne calls. Why d s many yung peple hate phne calls?
While previus generatins grew up using landlines t talk t their friends, smartphne-equipped yunger peple have grwn up used t using text messages fr scial cnversatins. There’s less pressure with texting. Yu can read and respnd t messages n yur wn schedule, and yu can take time t think abut what yu want t say rather than being put n the spt during a phne call. Besides, when yu can craft a reply free f interruptin, yu have greater cntrl ver yur cntributins t a cnversatin. Cmmunicatin like phne calls can lead peple t feel a lss f cntrl and the crrespnding anxiety. Many yung peple reprt assciating phne calls, particularly thse withut prir warning, with bad news.
This means that new scial cdes are being established. Many peple will nw text smene t see if they’re available t take a phne call. If smene desn’t feel able t sum smething up in a few shrt messages, they might leave a lng vice nte.
But this desn’t mean that anxiety arund cmmunicatin has been stpped. Evidence suggests that texting can als cause anxiety. Many times, texting anxiety cmes frm frustratin, fear, and wrry ver the reactins f ther peple. Fr instance, a shrt respnse t yur lng message might be interpreted as a cld shrug and many peple reprt tensins frm being “left n read”— when yu knw smene has read yur message, but they dn’t, r wn’t, reply.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Study fund that yung peple nwadays prefer text messages t phne calls because there is less pressure and they can have mre cntrl ver the cmmunicatin, which reduces anxiety. New scial cde invlves texting t check availability befre calling r leaving a vice message. Hwever, texting can create new anxieties abut ther peple’s reactins.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，现在的年轻人更喜欢发短信而不是打电话，因为这样压力更小，他们可以更好地控制交流，从而减少焦虑。新的社交准则包括在打电话或留言前先发短信确认是否有空。然而，发短信会让人对别人的反应产生新的焦虑。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①While previus generatins grew up using landlines t talk t their friends, smartphne-equipped yunger peple have grwn up used t using text messages fr scial cnversatins.
②There’s less pressure with texting. Yu can read and respnd t messages n yur wn schedule, and yu can take time t think abut what yu want t say rather than being put n the spt during a phne call.
③This means that new scial cdes are being established.
④Many peple will nw text smene t see if they’re available t take a phne call.
⑤But this desn’t mean that anxiety arund cmmunicatin has been stpped. Evidence suggests that texting can als cause anxiety.
⑥Many times, texting anxiety cmes frm frustratin, fear, and wrry ver the reactins f ther peple.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4两个要点进行重组，将第5、6两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Study fund that yung peple nwadays prefer text messages t phne calls.
There is less pressure and they can have mre cntrl ver the cmmunicatin, which reduces anxiety.
New scial cde invlves texting t check availability t take a phne call.
Texting can create new anxieties abut ther peple’s reactins
【点睛】[高分句型1] Study fund that yung peple nwadays prefer text messages t phne calls because there is less pressure and they can have mre cntrl ver the cmmunicatin, which reduces anxiety.(运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。其中that引导的宾语从句、because引导的原因状语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句为高级表达。)
[高分句型2]New scial cde invlves texting t check availability befre calling r leaving a vice message.(运用两个动名词短语作宾语，概况了第三段的主要内容)。
C
（2025年杨浦一模）
Smart Paint t Heat r Cl
Scientists in the US have develped a special paint that ffers a simple and clrful way t prevent huses frm verheating. Nrmally, the exterir f a huse absrbs heat frm the sun, which raises the indr temperature. The new paint, hwever, is engineered t reflect the sun’s heat ff the utside f the huse, which means the interir desn’t heat up as much in the first place.
There are ther types f reflective paint, but the new ne is the first t fcus n mid-infrared light, which is a type f light that the human eye cannt see but that peple feel as warmth. The special paint wrks by reflecting up t 80% f the sun’s mid- infrared light. That’s 10 times mre than regular paint. The base layer f the paint cntains metal flakes that functin like a mirrr t reflect mid-infrared light. The tp layer cntains clr particles, which make the paint blue, green, range, purple, red, r yellw. The paint is waterprf and wrks well in different weather cnditins.
Nearly 90% f all US husehlds use air-cnditining, which requires a lt f electricity. In fact, cling residences accunts fr 6% f all electricity use in the US and csts Americans abut $29 Billin a year. Preventing hmes frm heating up as much will reduce the need fr air-cnditining t pump cl air int the building. In additin t cling a huse in ht summer mnths, the paint can als keep a hme warm in the winter. When it is used n the walls indrs, it reflects the mid-infrared light back int the rm, keeping the warmth in.
Accrding t the paint’s creatrs, using it can reduce the amunt f energy it takes t cl a huse by nearly 21%. In cld cnditins, it can cut the energy needed t warm a rm by 36%. All is gd news nt nly fr peple wh care abut the envirnment but als fr thse wrrying abut their electricity r heating bills.
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【答案】
A smart paint, develped by scientists can help keep hmes cl by reflecting sunlight ff the exterirs and keep hmes warm when used n indr walls. It is mre effective than regular paints, fcusing n mid- infrared light.
Besides being waterprf, the paint cmes in different clrs. Using the paint is beneficial t the envirnment and can lwer energy expenses.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，一种由科学家开发的智能涂料可以通过反射外部的阳光来帮助保持房屋凉爽，并且当用于室内墙壁时可以保持房屋温暖。它比普通涂料更有效，专注于中红外光。除了防水，这种油漆还有多种颜色。使用这种涂料有利于环境，可以降低能源消耗。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Scientists in the US have develped a special paint that ffers a simple and clrful way t prevent huses frm verheating.
②Nrmally, the exterir f a huse absrbs heat frm the sun, which raises the indr temperature.
③There are ther types f reflective paint, but the new ne is the first t fcus n mid-infrared light, which is a type f light that the human eye cannt see but that peple feel as warmth.
④The tp layer cntains clr particles, which make the paint blue, green, range, purple, red, r yellw.
⑤The paint is waterprf and wrks well in different weather cnditins.
⑥All is gd news nt nly fr peple wh care abut the envirnment but als fr thse wrrying abut their electricity r heating bills
2.缜密构思
将第3、6两个要点进行重组，将第1、2和4、5几个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
A smart paint develped by scientists can help keep hmes cl by reflecting sunlight frm the utside and keep them warm when applied t interir walls.
It is mre effective than regular paint and fcuses n mid-infrared light.
In additin t being waterprf, the paint cmes in a variety f clrs.
Using this paint is gd fr the envirnment and can reduce energy cnsumptin.
【点睛】[高分句型1]
A smart paint, develped by scientists can help keep hmes cl by reflecting sunlight ff the exterirs and keep hmes warm when used n indr walls. (运用了过去分词作后置定语和when引导的时间状语从句的省略)
[高分句型2] Using the paint is beneficial t the envirnment and can lwer energy expenses. (运用了动名词短语作主语)
段落
关键词
1.定义及实践
①mindfulness，in-the-mment awareness，meditatin，therapy
2.益处
②benefits，stress reductin，psychlgical well-being，cancer patients，attentin
3.负面结果
③negative utcmes，false memries，PTSD，anxiety，re-traumatizatin
4.总结
④imprtant tl，nt a cure-all，thughtful applicatin
段落
关键词
1.现象：年轻人骑电动滑板车
①yung peple，electric scters，ride
2.北京处罚措施
②Beijing，fine，warning
3.上海治理背景
③Shanghai，traffic prblems，campaign
4.安全隐患
④safety issues，substandard brakes，speed
5.优势：最后一公里问题
⑤last mile prblem，cnvenient
6.环境益处
⑥envirnment，n carbn dixide，nise
7.年轻人使用原因
⑦yung peple，celebrities，imitate
段落
关键词
1.父母的行为
①parenting，skills，failure，wrry，enthusiasm
2.育儿方式的来源
②practices，persnal needs，external influences，cmmunity values
3.道德教育的重要性
③mral standards，cnsistency，example，cnfusin，disappintment
段落
关键词
1.引言
①sprts fans，passin，reward
2.归属感和目的感
②psychlgists，survey，sense f belnging，purpse
3.情感依附
③emtinal attachment，win and lss，time，energy，mney
4.投入的回报
④rewarding investment，escape，self-esteem，scial bnds，cmmunity
5.过度投入的风险
⑤t many eggs，anxiety，disappintment，nrmal life
段落
关键词
1.引言
①Erin Alexander，randm act f kindness，stranger
2.研究发现
②Jurnal f Experimental Psychlgy，kindness，well-being
3.低估善举的影响
③underestimate，appreciatin，miscalculatin
4.阻碍因素
④stress，verthinking，misinterpreted
5.总结
⑤new findings，encurage，kind gestures