阅读理解、六选四组合练02 -高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（上海专用）

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第一套
Sectin A
Directins: Read the fllwing fur passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
A
【来源】上海市宝山区上海大学附属中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中英语考试卷
Almst half a millin yung ak (橡树) trees have been saved after The Times revealed they were due t be destryed because f delays in gvernment help t create mre wdland.
A tree nursery said in March that it had been unable t find buyers fr the ne and tw-year-ld seedlings f England’s natinal tree.
Maelr Frest Nurseries near Wrexham spent tw years lking after 500,000 seedlings, expecting a great increase in demand after gvernment prmises t increase tree planting.
Demand failed t materialize and the cmpany said it planned t destry the trees, partly blaming difficulties land wners faced in btaining subsidies t fund the wrk.
After The Times reprted n the plan, dzens f charities, cmmunity grups and individuals all ver the cuntry gt in tuch with Maelr t ask if they culd help.
“The nursery discunted the price per tree frm 35 — 40 pence t 20 pence and sld nearly all f the 500,000 it had been planning t destry. Thanks largely t the article in The Times nly a small percentage had t be destryed,” said Mike Harvey, Maelr’s managing directr.
“We are delighted that these ak saplings (幼树) have fund gd hmes. We were frustrated at the prspect f having t destry plants which we had spent tw years grwing nly t find they were being left withut a future fr reasns beynd ur cntrl.”
Mr Harvey said the largest rder, fr 30,000 aks, had cme frm Extinctin Rebellin Rewilding, an ffsht f the climate change campaign grup. It launched a campaign called Save the Oaks which raised £10,000 thrugh a crwdfunding appeal t purchase and plant trees that had been due t be destryed.
Jethr Gauld, ne f the rganisers f the planting in Cambridgeshire, said, “We wanted t d smething t prevent such a massive waste f saplings and help create a gd news stry t benefit lcal peple and wildlife. ”
Natasha Smers, a vlunteer fr Save the Oaks, said, “The supprt we’ve seen shws hw a cmmunity can cme tgether in difficult times. It’s clear that peple want t act fr a better future, ne where humanity and nature are cnnected.”
1．The underlined wrd ‘subsidies’ is clsest in meaning t ‘________’.
A．equipmentB．technical supprtC．cnfidenceD．financial aid
2．What had Maelr Frest Nurseries planned t d befre The Times reprted n their plan?
A．T reduce the price f the seedlings.
B．T ruin the trees it had taken care f.
C．T wait fr gvernment help t arrive.
D．T cunt the number f ak trees in Britain.
3．What happened t the 500,000 saplings at last?
A．Mst f them were sld ut.
B．Mst f them were thrwn away.
C．They were replanted t Cambridgeshire.
D．They were dnated t a campaign grup.
4．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．A prspective apprach t planting.
B．A natinwide effrt t save ak trees.
C．A tree nursery devted t preserving endangered trees.
D．A species f trees that are threatened with extinctin.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B
【导语】这是一篇新闻稿。文章讲述通过《泰晤士报》报道，全国各组织一起努力拯救了50万棵橡树苗的故事。
1．词句猜测题。由文章第四段“Demand failed t materialize and the cmpany said it planned t destry the trees, partly blaming difficulties land wners faced in btaining subsidies t fund the wrk.(需求未能实现，该公司表示计划摧毁这些树木，部分原因是土地所有者在获得 来资助这项工作方面面临困难)”中fund the wrk可推知，这里指获得“资金帮助”来资助这项工作，所以猜测subsidies表“资金帮助”的意思。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。由文章第四段“Demand failed t materialize and the cmpany said it planned t destry the trees, partly blaming difficulties land wners faced in btaining subsidies t fund the wrk.(需求未能实现，该公司表示计划摧毁这些树木，部分原因是土地所有者在获得资助方面面临困难)”可知，在《泰晤士报》报道他们的计划之前，Maelr森林苗圃计划毁掉它照顾过的树木。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。由文章第六段““The nursery discunted the price per tree frm 35— 40 pence t 20 pence and sld nearly all f the 500,000 it had been planning t destry. Thanks largely t the article in The Times nly a small percentage had t be destryed,” said Mike Harvey, Maelr’s managing directr.(“苗圃将每棵树的价格从35-40便士降至20便士，并几乎卖掉了它计划摧毁的50万棵树。这在很大程度上要归功于《泰晤士报》的文章，只有一小部分被销毁。”Maelr的董事总经理迈克·哈维（Mike Harvey）说)”可知，50万棵树苗中的大部分都卖完了。故选A项。
4．主旨大意题。由文章第一段“Almst half a millin yung ak (橡树) trees have been saved after The Times revealed they were due t be destryed because f delays in gvernment help t create mre wdland.(《泰晤士报》透露，由于政府在帮助创造更多林地方面的延误，近50万棵年轻的橡树将被摧毁，此后这些橡树得以幸存)”、第五段“After The Times reprted n the plan, dzens f charities, cmmunity grups and individuals all ver the cuntry gt in tuch with Maelr t ask if they culd help.(在《泰晤士报》报道了该计划后，全国各地的数十家慈善机构、社区团体和个人与Maelr联系，询问他们是否可以提供帮助)”以及上下文可知，文章主要讲通过《泰晤士报》报道，全国各组织一起努力拯救了50万棵橡树苗的故事。所以B项A natinwide effrt t save ak trees.(全国范围内拯救橡树的努力)符合语境。故选B项。
B
【来源】上海市延安中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中英语考试卷
The secret histry f spies
Yu might have seen spies in mvies, dressed in cl utfits and using high-tech gadgets, but did yu knw that spying has been arund fr thusands f years? Check ut this timeline t learn abut spies frm different perids in histry.
5．Aztec spies were nicknamed “mice” due t their ______.
A．small and quick mvementsB．nighttime activities fr spying
C．expertise in hiding in dark placesD．use f undergrund spaces fr secret peratins
6．Which f the fllwing spies used secret cdes t send messages t fellw spies?
A．Mata HariB．Harriet TubmanC．Anna StrngD．Sir Francis Walsingham
7．What can we knw abut spies thrughut histry?
A．Spying bas been arund fr a thusand years.
B．Mdem spies depend heavily n cl tls and utfits fr the peratins.
C．The ways f spying have remained unchanged thrughut histry.
D．Different cultures had their wn spies with unique methds.
【答案】5．B 6．C 7．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了历史上不同时期、不同国家的间谍。
5．细节理解题。根据表格中第三部分的句子“Aztec spies, called quimichtin, lived in what’s nw central Mexic. They were nicknamed “mice” because they wrked at night t hide while spying.(阿兹特克间谍，被称为quimichtin，生活在现在的墨西哥中部。他们的绰号是“老鼠”，因为他们在夜间工作，在间谍活动中隐藏起来。)”可知，阿兹特克间谍被称为“老鼠”是因为他们在夜间进行间谍活动。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。根据表格中第五部分的句子“Befre he became president f what wuld sn becme the United States, Gerge Washingtn had a grup f spies called the Culper Spy Ring during the Revlutinary War. One f its members, Anna Strng, sent cded messages thrugh her laundry. She hung clthes accrding t clr and number t tell sldiers where secret messages were hidden.(在乔治·华盛顿成为即将成为美国的总统之前，他在独立战争期间有一群被称为卡尔珀间谍网的间谍。其中一名成员安娜·斯特朗通过她的洗衣店发送编码信息。她把衣服按照颜色和号码挂起来，告诉士兵秘密信息藏在哪里。)”可知，安娜·斯特朗使用密码向其他间谍发送信息。故选C项。
7．推理判断题。根据文章介绍的不同时期、不同国家的间谍可知，他们都有自己独特的从事间谍工作的方式。故选D项。
C
【来源】上海市上海中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题
The recent trust crisis has led many scientists t take up arms t defend their enterprise, but in their attempt t fight back against varius frms f science denial, sme scientists say things that just aren’t true - and yu can’t build trust if the things yu are saying are nt trustwrthy.
One ppular mve is t insist that science is right - full stp - and that nce we discver the truth abut the wrld, we are dne. Anyne wh denies such truths is ignrant. Or, as Nbel Prize-winning physicist Steven Weinberg said, “Even thugh a scientific thery is in a sense a scial cnsensus (共识), it is unlike any ther srt f cnsensus in that it is culture-free and permanent.” Well, n. Science is a prcess f learning and discvery, and smetimes we learn that what we thught was right is wrng. Even a mdest familiarity with the histry f science ffers many examples f matters that scientists thught they had reslved, nly t discver that they needed t be recnsidered.
Anther ppular mve is t say scientific findings are true because scientists use “the scientific methd”. But we can never actually agree n what that methd is. Sme will say it is empiricism: bservatin and descriptin f the wrld. Others will say it is the experimental methd: the use f experiment t test hyptheses (假设). Recently sme prminent scientists claimed the scientific methd was t avid fling neself int thinking smething is true that is nt, and vice versa.
Each f these cmmnly-held views has its merits, but if the claim is that any ne f these is the scientific methd, then they all fail. Histry and philsphy have shwn that the idea f a singular scientific methd is, well, unscientific. In fact, the methds f science have varied between disciplines and acrss time. Many scientific practices, particularly statistical tests f significance, have been develped with the idea f aviding wishful thinking and self-deceptin, but that hardly cnstitutes “the scientific methd”. Scientists have bitterly argued abut which methds are the best, and, as we all knw, bitter arguments rarely get reslved.
In my view, the biggest mistake scientists make is t claim that this is all smehw simple and therefre t imply that anyne wh desn’t get it is dumb. Science is nt simple, and neither is the natural wrld; therein lies the challenge f science cmmunicatin. What we d is bth hard and, ften, hard t explain. Our effrts t understand and prtray the natural wrld are just that: effrts. Because we’re human, we ften fall flat. The gd news is that when that happens, we pick urselves up, brush urselves ff, and get back t wrk. Understanding the beautiful, cmplex wrld we live in, and using that knwledge t d useful things, is bth its wn reward and why taxpayers shuld be happy t fund research.
Scientific theries are nt perfect cpies f reality, but we have gd reasn t believe that they capture significant elements f it. And experience reminds us that when we ignre reality, it sner r later cmes back t bite us.
8．The qute frm Steven Weinberg is intended t ______.
A．illustrate that scientific theries are free frm cultural influences
B．stress what was believed t be true may turn ut t be false theries
C．shw even great scientists may be unfamiliar with the histry f science
D．serve as an example f the belief that science prduces permanent truths
9．What can be learned frm all the ppular pinins n “the scientific methd” mentined in the passage?
A．One way t make scientific discvery is ding experiments t bserve and describe the wrld.
B．Sme hld the scientific methd fcuses n prving hyptheses crrect thrugh experiments.
C．Sme suggest emplying the scientific methd t avid self-deceptin in scientific inquiry.
D．The scientific methd has evlved ver time and varied acrss scientific disciplines.
10．The underlined phrase “fall flat” in Paragraph 5 is clsest in meaning t ______.
A．fail t achieve a galB．lie n ne’s back
C．fall behind the timesD．rise t challenges
11．Which f the fllwing statements des the authr prbably agree with?
A．It’s pintless t agree n a single scientific methd as science is right in itself.
B．Science can’t supply abslute truths abut the real wrld, but it brings us clser.
C．Reflectin n the histry f science may help scientists restre public trust in science.
D．Making scientific theries easily understandable is the biggest challenge fr scientists.
【答案】8．D 9．C 10．A 11．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了在信任危机下科学家捍卫科学事业时存在的问题，包括忽视科学是一个不断学习与发现的过程，认为某种单一的科学方法更好，以及将科学简单化，同时指出科学不能提供关于现实世界的绝对真理，但它使我们更接近真理。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段中“One ppular mve is t insist that science is right - full stp - and that nce we discver the truth abut the wrld, we are dne. Anyne wh denies such truths is ignrant. Or, as Nbel Prize-winning physicist Steven Weinberg said, “Even thugh a scientific thery is in a sense a scial cnsensus (共识), it is unlike any ther srt f cnsensus in that it is culture-free and permanent.” (一种流行的做法是坚称科学是正确的——到此为止——一旦我们发现了世界的真相，我们就完成了任务。任何否认这些真理的人都是无知的。或者，正如诺贝尔奖得主物理学家Steven Weinberg所说，“尽管科学理论在某种意义上是一种社会共识，但它不同于任何其他类型的共识，因为它不受文化的影响，而且是永恒的。”)”可知，Steven Weinberg认为科学理论与文化无关，是永恒的，这支撑了前面提到的科学产生永恒真理的观点，是对其例证。故选D项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Recently sme prminent scientists claimed the scientific methd was t avid fling neself int thinking smething is true that is nt, and vice versa. (最近，一些著名的科学家声称，科学的方法是避免欺骗自己，使自己误以为某事是真的，反之亦然。)”可知，一些人建议采用科学的方法来避免在科学研究中自我欺骗。A项“进行科学发现的一种方法是通过实验来观察和描述世界”与第三段中“Sme will say it is empiricism: bservatin and descriptin f the wrld. (有人会说这是经验主义：对世界的观察和描述。)”不符，观察和描述世界是经验主义的方法；B项“一些人认为科学方法的重点是通过实验证明假设是正确的”与第三段中“Others will say it is the experimental methd: the use f experiment t test hyptheses (假设). (其他人会说这是实验方法：用实验来检验假设。)”不符，实验是用来检验假设的，假设有可能被证伪；D项“科学方法随着时间的推移而发展，在不同的科学学科中也有所不同”与第四段中“In fact, the methds f science have varied between disciplines and acrss time. (事实上，不同学科和不同时代的科学方法是不同的。)”不符，科学方法在不同时代不同不意味着它随着时间的推移而发展。故选C项。
10．词句猜测题。根据画线部分的上文“Science is nt simple, and neither is the natural wrld; therein lies the challenge f science cmmunicatin. What we d is bth hard and, ften, hard t explain. Our effrts t understand and prtray the natural wrld are just that: effrts. Because we’re human (科学并不简单，自然界也不简单；这就是科学传播的挑战所在。我们所做的事情既困难又难以解释。我们理解和描绘自然界的努力仅仅是努力。因为我们是人类)”可知，科学和自然界都不简单，人类在理解和描绘自然界上面临挑战，存在局限性。由此可知，我们经常会失败，画线部分意思应该与fail t achieve a gal“目标达成失败”意思相近。故选A项。
11．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Science is a prcess f learning and discvery, and smetimes we learn that what we thught was right is wrng. (科学是一个学习和发现的过程，有时我们会发现我们认为正确的是错误的。)”、倒数第二段中“Science is nt simple, and neither is the natural wrld; therein lies the challenge f science cmmunicatin. What we d is bth hard and, ften, hard t explain. Our effrts t understand and prtray the natural wrld are just that: effrts. (科学并不简单，自然界也不简单；这就是科学传播的挑战所在。我们所做的事情既困难又难以解释。我们理解和描绘自然世界的努力仅仅是努力。)”和最后一段中“Scientific theries are nt perfect cpies f reality, but we have gd reasn t believe that they capture significant elements f it. (科学理论并不是对现实的完美复制，但我们有充分的理由相信，它们捕捉到了现实的重要元素。)”可知，作者指出，人类在理解和描绘自然界上存在局限性，而且科学本身是学习和发现的过程，其中也会发生错误，但科学理论的确可以揭示现实的某些重要方面。由此可知，作者的观点可能是“科学不能提供关于现实世界的绝对真理，但它使我们更接近真理”。故选B项。
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
【来源】2024届上海市浦东新区高三下学期二模英语试题
What mtivates yu t wrk r study harder? Is it the thught f success and all the amazing things that yu can achieve, r is it the fear f failure and wrry abut all the things that can g wrng fr yu? 12 But is ne better than the ther?
A recent study lked at the effect f fear-based strategies n British secndary schl students. As is s ften the case, it’s cmplicated. They fund that if a test is seen as imprtant, and students are ptimistic that they can succeed, then the fear f failure can be used successfully by teachers t mtivate these learners. 13 It can in turn lead them t d wrse n the test than they wuld have dne therwise. The study als fund that if students are disengaged and dn’t care abut the test in the first place, then, unsurprisingly, the fear f failure is nt likely t mtivate them.
Entrepreneurs ften run the risk f failure. It’s a fact that mst new cmpanies will fail. 14 The persnal cnsequences f failure can be significant, and s funders may be mtivated t wrk harder t avid them. A study carried ut n British and Canadian entrepreneurs fund that fear f failure can imprve prblem slving, as peple are mtivated t anticipate and reslve ptential issues. Hwever, the study als shwed that it can lead t increased prcrastinatin as peple fcus t much n what they persnally fear, rather than what wuld be best fr the business. If smene is less cnfident abut their business idea, then they may find their decisin-making negatively affected by their fears.
15 It can drive cnfident peple t d better, but it can als increase ur dubts and turn them int barriers.
【答案】12．C 13．B 14．F 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了基于恐惧的激励策略具有复杂性。
12．前文“Is it the thught f success and all the amazing things that yu can achieve, r is it the fear f failure and wrry abut all the things that can g wrng fr yu?(是对成功和你能取得的所有惊人成就的想法，还是对失败的恐惧和对所有可能出错的事情的担忧？)”讲述了两种不同的激励因素，后文“But is ne better than the ther?(但是一个比另一个好吗？)”反问是否一个因素比另一个更好，由此可知，空处应讲述这两种因素经常被用来激励人们，C项“领导者、管理者和教师经常使用其中一种想法来激励人们更加努力地工作，取得更多成就。”符合题意，选项中的“these ideas”指代前文提到的两种激励因素。故选C。
13．前文“They fund that if a test is seen as imprtant, and students are ptimistic that they can succeed, then the fear f failure can be used successfully by teachers t mtivate these learners.(他们发现，如果一项测试被视为重要的，并且学生对自己能够成功持乐观态度，那么老师可以成功地利用对失败的恐惧来激励这些学习者。)”讲述了在一项测试被认为非常重要且学生对该测试持乐观态度的情况下，老师可以有效利用对失败的恐惧来激励学生，后文“It can in turn lead them t d wrse n the test than they wuld have dne therwise.(这反过来会导致他们在测试中表现得比其他情况下更差。)”讲述了会导致学生表现差，由此可知，空处讲述的应是不能有效利用对失败的恐惧进行激励的情况，B项“然而，如果学生不自信，那么基于恐惧的方法可能会引发焦虑感。”符合题意，Hwever表明前后之间为转折关系。故选B。
14．根据后文的“The persnal cnsequences f failure can be significant, and s funders may be mtivated t wrk harder t avid them. A study carried ut n British and Canadian entrepreneurs fund that fear f failure can imprve prblem slving, as peple are mtivated t anticipate and reslve ptential issues. Hwever, the study als shwed that it can lead t increased prcrastinatin as peple fcus t much n what they persnally fear, rather than what wuld be best fr the business.(失败的个人后果可能是巨大的，因此创始人可能会被激励更加努力地工作以避免失败。一项针对英国和加拿大企业家的研究发现，对失败的恐惧可以改善问题的解决，因为人们有动力预测和解决潜在的问题。然而，这项研究也表明，这会导致拖延症的增加，因为人们过于关注他们个人害怕的事情，而不是对企业最有利的事情。)”可知，对失败的恐惧既可以有助于解决问题，也可以导致拖延症，由此可知，这种激励因素的有效性很复杂，F项“但这是激励还是阻碍了商界人士？再说一遍，这并不简单。”符合题意，选项中的“Again, it’s nt straightfrward”与前一段中的“As is s ften the case, it’s cmplicated”照应。故选F。
15．根据后文“It can drive cnfident peple t d better, but it can als increase ur dubts and turn them int barriers.(它可以驱使自信的人做得更好，但也会增加我们的疑虑，并将其转化为障碍。)”并结合上文对学生和商业人士的分析可知，基于恐惧的激励是复杂的，所以D项“总之，这些研究表明，基于恐惧的动机是复杂的。”符合题意，选项中的“Taken tgether”表明这是总结。故选D。
第二套
Sectin A
Directins: Read the fllwing fur passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
A
【来源】上海交通大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中英语试题
Chinese Teapt Escaping frm British Museum Ges Viral
Chinese state media has praised a viral vide series telling the stry f a jade teapt cming t life and fleeing the British Museum t make its way back hme.
The set f three shrt vides, entitled Escape frm the British Museum, shws the teapt turning int a yung wman in a green dress, wh then engages a Lndn-based Chinese jurnalist t help her reunite with her family. It appears t have struck a chrd (弦) in China after first being released by independent vlggers n Duyin. By Mnday evening, it had reprtedly received mre than 310 millin views. The plt line taps int grwing Chinese criticism f the British Museum after reprts last mnth that mre than 1,500 priceless bjects, including gld jewelry, semi-precius stnes and glass, were missing, stlen r damaged.
In August the state media Glbal Times called fr the return f Chinese artifacts frm the museum “free f charge” in the wake f the cntrversy. “The huge hles in the management and security f cultural bjects in the British Museum expsed by this scandal (丑闻) have led t the cllapse f a lng-standing and widely circulated claim that ‘freign cultural bjects are better prtected in the British Museum’,” it said. It strngly supprted the vide series fr tuching n a “pwerful message” abut the imprtance f cultural heritage and reflecting “Chinese peple’s desiring fr the repatriatin f the Chinese cultural relics.”
State bradcaster CCTV als gave the shrt films a glwing review saying: “We are very pleased t see Chinese yung peple are passinate abut histry and traditin... We are als lking frward t the early return f Chinese artifacts that have been displayed verseas.”
The museum scandal made headlines arund the wrld and reawakened earlier demands by the Chinese media t restre the cuntry’s relics. The new three-part shw has triggered a wave f natinalism amng viewers, with many praising the creative plt that reduced them t tears by shwing hw the teapt experienced the happiness f returning t China t see pandas and watch a flag-raising ceremny n Tiananmen Square.
1．What excuse des Britain give fr keeping ther natins’ cultural bjects in its museum?
A．It has taken pssessin f these bjects by all lawful means.
B．These bjects are safer and taken better care f in its museum.
C．It is requested by ther natins t prtect their cultural bjects.
D．These bjects may cme t life, flee their cuntries and g viral.
2．What des the underlined wrd “repatriatin”(Para.3) prbably mean?
A．Repair.B．Reflectin.C．Reserve.D．Return.
3．Which f the fllwing can we infer frm the passage?
A．China had already demanded the restratin f its cultural relics befre the scandal.
B．The museum’s awful management and security systems are invlved in the scandal.
C．The Britain Museum is under pressure t return the cultural relics t China sner r later.
D．A Lndn-based Chinese jurnalist has cntributed a lt t the viral three-part vide series.
4．What’s the purpse f the passage?
A．T appeal t Britain t return China’s cultural bjects.
B．T intrduce a viral vide series abut a fleeing jade teapt.
C．T aruse readers’ cncern abut Chinese cultural bjects abrad.
D．T praise Chinese yung peple’s passin fr histry and traditin.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了关于一只逃跑的玉壶的短视频在网络迅速走红，并引起中国官方媒体《环球时报》和中央电视台的报道和评价。
1．细节理解题。根据第三段““The huge hles in the management and security f cultural bjects in the British Museum expsed by this scandal(丑闻) have led t the cllapse f a lng-standing and widely circulated claim that ‘freign cultural bjects are better prtected in the British Museum’,” it said.(“这次丑闻暴露出大英博物馆在文物管理和安全方面的巨大漏洞，导致了长期以来广泛流传的‘外国文物在大英博物馆得到更好的保护’的说法的崩溃，”它说)”可推知，英国把其他国家的文物存放在自己的博物馆里的理由是：它声称这些文物在它的博物馆里更安全，能得到了更好的照顾。故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据常识和划线词所在句“Chinese peple’s yearning fr the repatriatin f the Chinese cultural relics.(中国人民渴望中国文物的repatriatin。)”中“Chinese peple’s yearning fr”可推知，中国人民渴望着这些珍贵文物的“回归”。划线词repatriatin与return同义。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The museum scandal made headlines arund the wrld and reawakened earlier demands by the Chinese media t restre the cuntry’s relics. (博物馆的丑闻成为世界各地的头条新闻，并重新唤起了中国媒体早些时候要求归还中国文物的呼声)”可知，这一次大英博物馆文物丢失和损坏的丑闻重新唤起中国媒体要求归还中国文物的呼声。由此推知，在此之前中国已经要求大英博物馆。故选A。
4．推理判断题。通读全文，结合文章标题“Chinese Teapt Escaping frm British Museum Ges Viral (“从大英博物馆逃跑的中国茶壶”在社交媒体上走红)”和文中内容可知，本文主要介绍了关于一只逃跑的玉壶的短视频在网络迅速走红，并引起中国官方媒体《环球时报》和中央电视台的报道和评价。所以“介绍一个关于‘逃跑的玉壶’的视频系列”是文章的写作目的。故选B。
B
【来源】上海市向明中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中测试英语试卷
Purchase f Online Tickets
Temprary exhibitins are accessible fr individual viewing t hlders f tickets t the relevant museum facility. Certain exhibitins may be visited with separate tickets r with special guided tur tickets.
Prices fr entry tickets in the main categry:
Main Museum Cmplex-500 rubles
Main Museum Cmplex, pen-dated ticket*-1200 rubles
General Staff building-500 rubles
General Staff building, pen-dated ticket*-1200 rubles
Winter Palace f Peter the Great-700 rubles
Menshikv Palace-700 rubles
Staraya Derevnya Restratin and Strage Centre -700 rubles
Museum f the Imperial Prcelain Factry-300 rubles
* This ticket gives the hlder the right t visit the museum facility n ne f three successive wrking days. The date fr which the ticket was btained is the first day fra pssible visit. Applicatins fr refunds can be made n later than three days befre the date f the first pssible visit.
T find ut abut ther tickets, cncessins and the State Hermitage’s scial prgrammes, g t the Visiting Rules sectin f the website.
Electrnic tickets are available n the website nly fr the next 2-4 weeks, entrance tickets frm the ticket ffices nly fr the current day. This measure has been intrduced t cunter prfiteering. Buy yur tickets nly frm fficial sales pints perated by the museum itself!
Electrnic tickets d nt need t be exchanged at the ticket ffices. T enter the museum, yu will need t present the barcde, printed ut r stred n a mbile device, t the reader at the entrance turnstile.
Hlders have the right t return tickets that they have purchased n later than three days befre the date f their scheduled visit. Payments fr electrnic entry tickets can nly be refunded t the persn wh paid fr them thrugh the museum website. Details f the rules fr buying and returning tickets can be fund here.
IMPORTANT: If yu appear t have nt received letters cnfirming yur rder r cntaining the electrnic tickets, please check yur e-mail’s “Spam” flder.
If questins arise, we can be cntacted by telephne during the museum’s wrking hurs (daily except Mnday,1 Jan and 9 May)
● acquiring r returning tickets:
+7 (812) 710-99-60, e-mail: tickets@hermitage.ru
● acquiring tickets fr nline events:
+7 (812) 495-70-68, e-mail: lectriumnline@hermitage.ru
● guiding services:
+7 (812) 571-84-46, e-mail: excursf@hermitage.ru
5．If Janna wants t be able t visit bth Main Museum Cmplex and General Staff building n any date f the fllwing three days, hw much shuld she pay nline?
A．1000 rublesB．2400 rubles.C．1700 rublesD．1900 rubles.
6．Which f the fllwing statement is TRUE accrding t the web page?
A．All exhibitins are accessible t ticket hlders t the relevant museum facility.
B．Hlders can return their purchased tickets the day befre their visit date.
C．Ticket ffices nly ffer entrance tickets fr the current day t visitrs.
D．Electrnic tickets shuld be printed ut fr better recgnitin by the reader.
7．What can yu d if yu dn’t receive a cnfirmatin letter?
A．Cntact the staff f the museum by telephne at yur cnvenience.
B．Send e-mails t the museum staff n any f the weekdays.
C．G t the guiding center in persn with the screensht f yur rder.
D．Search ther flders in yur email fr the filtered messages.
【答案】5．B 6．C 7．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了购买冬宫（艾尔米塔什博物馆）门票的相关信息，包括不同场馆的门票价格、不记名票的使用规则、电子票的购买方式及入场方法、退票规则以及联系方式等。
5．细节理解题。根据Price fr entry tickets in the main categry部分的“Main Museum Cmplex-500 rubles; Main Museum Cmplex, pen-dated ticket*-1200 rubles; General Staff building-500 rubles; General Staff building, pen-dated ticket*-1200 rubles (主博物馆综合体-500卢布；主博物馆建筑群，不定期门票*-1200卢布；总参谋部大楼——500卢布；总参谋部大楼，开票日期*-1200卢布)”可知，如果Janna想在未来三天内的任何一天参观主博物馆群和总参谋部大楼，她需要购买两张开放式日期票，总共需要2400卢布。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。根据“T find ut abut ther tickets, cncessins and the State Hermitage’s scial prgrammes, g t the Visiting Rules sectin f the website. ( 要了解其他门票，优惠和国家冬宫的社会项目，请访问网站的访问规则部分。)”部分中“Electrnic tickets are available n the website nly fr the next 2-4 weeks, entrance tickets frm the ticket ffices nly fr the current day. This measure has been intrduced t cunter prfiteering. Buy yur tickets nly frm fficial sales pints perated by the museum itself! ( 电子票只在接下来的2-4周内在网站上出售，门票只在当天从售票处出售。这一措施是为了打击暴利行为。只能在博物馆的官方销售点购票！)”可知，门票只在当天从售票处出售即售票处只提供当天的入场券。故选C项。
7．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“If yu appear t have nt received letters cnfirming yur rder r cntaining the electrnic tickets, please check yur e-mail’s “Spam” flder. (如果您似乎没有收到确认您的订单或包含电子门票的信件，请检查您的电子邮件的“垃圾邮件”文件夹。)”可知，如果你没有收到确认信，请在电子邮件的其他文件夹中查找被过滤的信息。故选D项。
C
【来源】上海市闵行区实验高级中学2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试英语试卷
When I was 14, I began cllecting all the interesting math facts and puzzles that weren’t cvered in schl int a ntebk. This ntebk eventually expanded int six vlumes. These cllectins became the basis fr my bk, Prfessr Stewart’s Cabinet f Mathematical Curisities.
One f the mst interesting tpics I revisited while writing my bk was the “sausage cnjecture,” a unique mathematical challenge. A cnjecture is a thery that mathematicians believe culd be true but hasn’t been prven r disprven yet. The sausage cnjecture is abut finding the mst efficient way t wrap circles r spheres. Fr example, if yu wrap a string tightly arund several identical circles laid ut n a flat surface, the cnjecture explres which arrangement minimizes the area inside the string.
Mathematicians have lng studied hw t pack bjects tightly. Fr instance, it tk nearly 400 years t prve that stacking ranges in hexagnal layers is the mst cmpact frm in three dimensins. Hwever, this area f math isn’t fully reslved, especially when cnsidering mre than three dimensins r different shapes.
Cnsider a simple situatin: if yu were t wrap a ribbn arund six flat, circular pies, yu wuld find that placing the pies in a straight line (frming a “sausage” shape with the string) cvers the smallest area. But if yu wrap seven pies, a hexagnal layut with ne pie in the center tuching the thers is mre space-efficient. This pattern hlds true fr up t six circles; a linear layut is best. But fr seven r mre, a runder arrangement minimizes the area inside the string. This has been prven mathematically fr up t six circles.
The prblem becmes even mre cmplex with spheres. Fr wrapping 56 r fewer identical spheres, a sausage-shaped arrangement minimizes the vlume inside the wrapping. With 57 spheres, a cmpact shape is better, as it balances thinness with vlume. This t is a prven therem.
8．What des a cnjecture in mathematics refer t?
A．A fully prven mathematical therem.
B．A thery that has been prven incrrect.
C．A thery that might be true but hasn’t been prven yet.
D．A mathematical rule used fr slving algebraic prblems.
9．Accrding t the passage, hw shuld six flat, circular items be arranged t minimize the area enclsed by a string?
A．B．
C． D．
10．What is the primary purpse f the passage?
A．T explain a cmplex mathematical thery in detail.
B．T detail the authr’s persnal histry and achievements.
C．T intrduce a cllectin f mathematical wnders in a bk.
D．T prmte a prper way f discussing mathematical challenges.
【答案】8．C 9．B 10．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个复杂的数学理论——香肠猜想。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“A cnjecture is a thery that mathematicians believe culd be true but hasn’t been prven r disprven yet. (猜想是数学家认为可能是正确的理论，但尚未被证明或证伪。)”可知，数学中的猜想指的是这一理论可能是正确的，但尚未得到证实。故选C项。
9．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Cnsider a simple situatin: if yu were t wrap a ribbn arund six flat, circular pies, yu wuld find that placing the pies in a straight line (frming a “sausage” shape with the string) cvers the smallest area. (考虑一个简单的情况：如果你用丝带缠绕六个扁平的圆形馅饼，你会发现把馅饼放在一条直线上（用绳子形成一个“香肠”形状）覆盖的面积最小。)”可知，六个扁平的圆形物品放在一条直线上时覆盖的面积最小。故选B项。
10．推理判断题。根据第二段“One f the mst interesting tpics I revisited while writing my bk was the “sausage cnjecture,” a unique mathematical challenge. (在写书的过程中，我重新审视了一个最有趣的话题，那就是“香肠猜想”，这是一个独特的数学挑战。)”及后文对该理论的具体介绍可知，本文的目的是详细解释一个复杂的数学理论。故选A项。
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
【来源】上海市行知中学2023-2024学年高三上学期11月期中考试英语试卷
T Big, T Expensive and T Silly — Why Vide Game Mvies Fail
Film adaptatins f vide games have fallen n the unsuspecting viewing public like a Drp Bear. At first they lk harmless enugh, but they ften leave viewers bruised and regretful.
These mvies are plentiful. 11 Yet despite big budgets and quality talent bth in frnt f and behind the camera, mst vide game mvies are cmmercial and critical failures.
12 The answer cmes dwn t a cmplex mix f cnflicting audience demands and cmmercial realities. Vide game mvies ften assume that the audience wants, r is interested in, the game’s legend and backgrund. In fairness, this is ut f fear that fans will? Criticise legend changes, alienating a key demgraphic. But games reveal legend prgressively ver tens f hurs f gameplay, whereas mvies have a small prtin f that time. This tensin risks creating bring expsitin and cmplex stry lines. Fr example, Warcraft details the rigins f cnflict between humans and rcs (兽), the central cnflict in the game’s wrld. 13
Additinally, excessive adherence t the surce material extends t using silly plt devices withut spending enugh time establishing prper reasns fr their existence. In games, these can wrk due t the “unspken but cmmnly understd lgic f ‘this is a vide game’”. In a game, peple accept incnsistent narrative devices because they facilitate interesting interactin and are the quickest rute twards allwing gamers t, say, sht hell-mnsters n Mars.
The game series became increasingly cmplex , as the player-cntrlled prtagnist (主角) parkured his way thrugh time perids like Renaissance Italy and Revlutinary America. The incredibility f the narrative wrld paled beside the fun f vaulting frm rftp t rftp in15th-century Flrence.
14
【答案】11．E 12．A 13．F 14．B
【导语】本文一篇议论文。文章对失败的电子游戏改编电影进行了批评。
11．根据下文“Yet despite big budgets and quality talent bth in frnt f and behind the camera, mst vide game mvies are cmmercial and critical failures.(然而，尽管有巨大的预算和高质量的人才，但大多数电子游戏电影在商业和评论界都是失败的。)”中副词“Yet”可知，上下文之间是转折关系，下文说“大多数电子游戏电影在商业和评论界都是失败的”，与E项中“The ptential t appeal t a devted fan base makes these mvies an attractive prspect.(吸引忠实粉丝群的潜力使这些电影具有诱人的前景。)”中描述的“诱人的前景”构成转折关系。同时，E项中“these mvies”与上文“These mvies”相照应。故选E项。
12．下文“The answer cmes dwn t a cmplex mix f cnflicting audience demands and cmmercial realities. (答案可以归结为受众需求和商业现实之间相互矛盾的复杂组合。)”是一个答案，分析了电子游戏电影失败的原因，针对A项“S why d these mvies fail?(那么，这些电影为什么会失败呢?)”提出的问题给出答案。故选A项。
13．上文“But games reveal legend prgressively ver tens f hurs f gameplay, whereas mvies have a small prtin f that time. This tensin risks creating bring expsitin and cmplex stry lines. (但游戏会在数十小时的游戏过程中逐步展现传奇，而电影只会占用一小部分时间。这种紧张感可能会产生无聊的叙述和复杂的故事情节。)”分析了游戏和电子游戏电影的不同，说明电影会产生无聊的叙述和复杂的故事情节，然后下文“Fr example, Warcraft details the rigins f cnflict between humans and rcs (兽), the central cnflict in the game’s wrld.(例如，《魔兽争霸》详细描述了人类和兽人之间冲突的起源，这是游戏世界的核心冲突。)”用《魔兽争霸》电影为例进行举例说明，F项“Hwever, a cmmn criticism was that it was full f bring expsitin and mstly uninteresting characters.(然而，一个普遍的批评是，它充满了无聊的叙述和大多数无趣的角色。)”承接上一句，说明《魔兽争霸》电影中的详细描述导致了无聊和无趣，照应了上文“creating bring expsitin and cmplex stry lines”，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。
14．下文“The plt — an riginal stry which retains the key elements f the games — was criticized as “scattered and fractured”, “hastily explained” and “disrienting”.(电影情节保留了游戏的关键元素，但被批评为“支离破碎”、“解释草率”和“迷失方向”。)”说明了游戏改编电影的问题，是对B项“The film, in cntrast, failed t bring its audience alng fr the ride.(相比之下，这部电影没能吸引观众。)”的解释，说明了电影没能吸引观众的原因。上下文语意连贯。故选B项。
1. ca (大约) 3100 B．C． -332 B．C．
Ancient Egyptian spies were sme f the first t use pisn t get the jb dne. T silence their enemies, they used killer methds which included pisns frm plants and snakes.
2. ca 1185-1600
The Japanese used spies called ninjas. These ninjas were experts in gathering secret infrmatin frm enemies and cmpetitrs. They were trained since childhd in sneaking arund and assassinating, but female ninjas wuld sneak int enemy lcatins by dressing up as dancers r servants.
3. ca 1325-1521
Aztec spies, called quimichtin, lived in what’s nw central Mexic. They were nicknamed “mice” because they wrked at night t hide while spying. Their jb was really dangerus, because if they gt caught, they culd be enslaved r even killed. That’s why they were paid mre than mst Aztec wrkers.
4. 1573 t 1590
Sir Francis Walsingham helped prtect Queen Elizabeth I f England by creating a netwrk f spies. They were skilled at reading cded letters and secretly pening and resealing envelpes cntaining infrmatin.
5. 1775-1783
Befre he became president f what wuld sn becme the United States, Gerge Washingtn had a grup f spies called the Culper Spy Ring during the Revlutinary War. One f its members, Anna Strng, sent cded messages thrugh her laundry. She hung clthes accrding t clr and number t tell sldiers where secret messages were hidden. Fr example, a black dress and tw handkerchiefs might have meant “check the secnd clsest river.”
6. 1861-1865
Harriet Tubman is famus fr helping enslaved peple in the United States escape Nrth, where slavery was illegal. But she was als a spy during the Civil War. She made maps f the land s nrthern trps culd safely travel thrugh Suthern states.
7. 1960s
During the Cld War between the United States and the Sviet Unin (nw Russia), spy activities n bth sides increased. T help, intelligence agencies develped sneaky gadgets fr spies t eavesdrp and cllect infrmatin. One ppular device was the buttnhle camera, which culd be cntrlled-frm inside a cat pcket. It allwed spies t secretly take a pht by pening a fake buttn n the cat.
8. 1916
During Wrld War Ⅰ, there was a Dutch dancer called Mata Hari. She accepted an assignment t spy fr France in 1916 but actually wrked fr their enemy, Germany. She was fund guilty f telling the Germans secrets abut a new weapn that the French were using — the tank — and was put t death in 1917.
9. 2024
Tday, spies dn’t even need t leave their hmes t cllect secret infrmatin. They use cmputer prgrams called spyware frm anywhere in the wrld t track activity and access tp- secret infrmatin n faraway devices such as cmputers, tablets and smartphnes. Many cmpanies cnsider cyber espinage t be their number-ne threat.
A．Nevertheless, cnfidence plays a significant rle in determining the effectiveness f fear-based mtivatin strategies.
B．Hwever, if students are nt cnfident, then fear-based appraches culd trigger feelings f anxiety.
C．Leaders, managers, and teachers have ften used ne f these ideas t inspire peple t wrk harder and achieve mre.
D．Taken tgether, these studies shw that fear-based mtivatin is cmplicated.
E．They may be inspired t learn new things that will help their business r find mentrs wh can supprt them.
F．But des this mtivate r discurage business peple? Again, it’s nt straightfrward.
A．S why d these mvies fail?
B．The film, in cntrast, failed t bring its audience alng fr the ride.
C．Game adaptatins issues seem nt t be due t a lack f resurces.
D．But the return n investment is nt encuraging, with a number failing t recup csts.
E．The ptential t appeal t a devted fan base makes these mvies an attractive prspect.
F．Hwever, a cmmn criticism was that it was full f bring expsitin and mstly uninteresting characters.