中考英语一轮复习知识梳理巩固练习专题13 定语从句（2份，原卷版+解析版）

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·模块一 定语从句的基本要素
·模块二 定语从句和关系代词
·模块三 定语从句和关系副词
·模块四 关系代词和关系副词之间的关系
·模块五 介词加关系代词引导的定语从句
·模块六 限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句
·模块七 2022、2023年全国各省市真题综合训练45题
看一看这些名言警句中所运用的定语从句
He wh makes n mistakes makes nthing.
从不犯错误的人一事无成。
He is the best general wh makes the fewest mistakes. ─Hamiltn.
最厉害的将军错误犯得最少。
He that travels far knws much.
行万里者，见多识广。
He that cannt ask cannt live.
万事不求人，哪里能生存？
定语从句的基本要素
基本要素
概念：如果由一个句子来充当一个词的定语，那么这个句子就被叫做定语从句
先行词：被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词
关系词（关系代词或者副词）：引导定语从句
He is the best general wh makes the fewest mistakes.
定语从句wh makes the fewest mistakes.
先行词the best general
关系词wh
♥Attentin♥
如何选择关系代词？关系代词的作用是什么？
定语从句和关系代词
定语从句关系代词：
★小试身手★
This is the man wh helped me yesterday. wh在定语从句中作
The teacher (wh/whm/that) yu want t see is cming. wh在定语从句中作
I met a by whse father was an astrnaut. whse在定语从句中作
Here is the cat which/that will be made fr yu. which在定语从句中作
This is the factry (which/that) we visited last year. which在定语从句中作
He has a bk whse cver (=the cver f which) is very beautiful.
whse在定语从句中作
关系代词的作用
(1)__引导定语从句________________________
(2) ____指代先行词_____________________
(3) ____在定语从句中充当成分：主语，宾语，定语。________
★小试身手★
用关系代词wh,whm,that或whse填空。
The man________yu met just nw is my ld friend.
The man ________ is walking n the playgrund is my ld friend.
She brught with her three friends, nne f ________ I had ever met befre.
That's the new machine __________parts are t small t be seen.
用wh/whm/which/that将下列句子两句并一句。
The by is my yunger brther. He was here a minute ag.
The by wh was here a minute ag is my yunger brther./the by wh/that is my yunger brther was here a minute ag.
The wman is here nw. Yu were talking abut her.
The wman( whm/that) yu were talking abut is here nw./
Yu are talking abut the wman wh is here nw.
用whse 将下列句子两句并一句。
The man gave me a reward.
The man whse wallet I fund and returned gave me a reward.
The man wh was very rich gave me a reward.
Men, wh abandn their families, are nt gd.
Men wh abandn their families are nt gd
Parents are usually very prud. Their children graduate frm cllege.
Parents whse children graduate frm cllege are usually very prud.
The teacher went t Japan t teach English. I tk his class last semester.
The teacher whse class I tk last semester went t Japan t teach English.
♥Attentin♥
whse 后面一定要加一个名词, 然后这个部分共同做主语或宾语。
只能使用 that 作关系代词的情况：
先行词为 all, anything, everything, nthing, much, nne, little等不定代词时。
There is nthing that can stp him frm ding it.
先行词前有last, next, nly, very及序数词、最高级等修饰时。
This is the mst interesting film (that) was shwn last week.
This is the secnd cmputer (that) my father has just bught.
当先行词既有人，又有物时。
They talked f things and peple that thet remembered.
当主语是 wh 的疑问句:
Wh is the by that is playing cmputer games?
♥Attentin♥
以下情况时，wh不与that通用。
先行词为ne(s)/anyne/thse时,用wh。
当先行词有较长定语时用wh。
I met a freigner in the street yesterday wh culd ask me questins in Chinese.
一个句子中带有两个定语从句，一个定语从句的关系代词是 that，另一个用wh。
The by that yu met last night is the grup leader wh studies very hard.
在there be开头的句中用wh。
There is a pretty girl utside wh wants t see yu.
★小试身手★
填空
There is nthing in the wrld that can frighten him.
The nly games that I play are ftball and tennis.
He is the nly student that understands English.
翻译
他们唯一能做的事就是等待。
The nly thing that they can d is t wait.
这正是你昨天买的笔。
This is the very pen that yu bught yesterday.
定语从句和关系副词
定语从句关系副词
♥Attentin♥
判断关系词是使用代词还是副词时,取决于定语从句的完整性。如果定语从句不缺主语和宾语，那么关系词就应该使用关系副词。
when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first came t this schl.
I will never frget the day that we spent tgether.
where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
I recently went back t the twn where I was brn.
I wuld like t live in a cuntry that is full f natural beauty.
why 指原因，在限制性定语从句中作原因状语。
Please tell me the reasn why yu missed the plane.
The reasn that he tld us surprised us very much.
★小试身手★
D yu still remember the place__that、which____ we visited last week?
D yu still remember the place___where____ we visited the painting exhibitin?
I still remember the night ___when____I first came t the huse.
I dn’t knw the reasn ___why___ he came s late.
We are living in an age __when____ many things are dne n cmputer.
I can think f many cases __where____ students bviusly knw a lt f English wrds and expressins but culdn't write a gd essay.
Nbdy knws the reasn_why_____ she didn’t cme t the meeting.
They have reached the pint _where____ they have t separate with each ther.
关系代词和关系副词之间的关系
试观察下列句子：
This is the day when we met.
This is the day ___n which__we met.
Yu shuld remember t put the bk back t the place where it belngs.
Yu shuld remember t put the bk back t the place __t which_____ it belngs.
总结：关系副词=介词+关系代词
★小试身手★
连词成句
g were want back t the I place brn my where grandparents t.
I want t g back t the place where my grandparents were brn.
refused help reasn why the he us is this t? (fr which)
Is this the reasn why he refused t help us?
介词加关系代词引导的定语从句
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
直接位于介词之后的关系代词只能是which或whm，构成介词+which（指物）；介词+whm（指人）两种结构。
The man t whm yu talked just nw is a famus runner.
The service f/abut which the students cmplain a lt shuld be imprved.
He is a library assistant frm whm I brrwed sme bks.
直接位于介词后面的关系代词不能省略，但如果将介词移于句子末尾而不位于关系代词之前时，关系代词可省。
The man (wh/that/whm) yu talk t just nw is a famus runner.
The man t whm yu talk just nw is a famus runner.
He is a library assistant (whm/that/wh) I brrwed sme bks frm.
He is a librarian frm whm I brrwed sme bks.
有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，一般还是放在动语之后，不提前：
He is the student (wh/whm/that) the teachers are lking fr.
The number f the children (wh/whm/that) she takes care f is 30.
关系代词whse+名词引导的定语从句可转化为 the+名词+f+ which / whm 或 f+ which/whm+ the +名词结构；f 表所属关系。
I live in a rm whse windws are all brken.
I live in a rm f which the windws are all brken.
I live in a rm the windws f which are all brken.
★小试身手★
填入“介词＋关系代词（即介词+which/whm）：
The ship, ___ the Eurpeans sailed t the American cntinent, was called
the Mayflwer.
The family __with which__I stayed in Rme is cming t England sn.
He has written a bk, ______ I have cmpletely frgtten.
=He has written a bk I have cmpletely frgtten.
It is a family f 8 children, all _f whm__are studying music.
The twn, ____ ____ they came, was in the nrth f the prvince.
介词填空：
The speed___ which yu drive yur car mustn’t t high. At the speed f
In the park there are many flwers, the clr____ which is bright and nice. whse
The little girl is reading a bk,_____ which=where there are many pictures.
What were the things______ which he was nt t sure? Be sure f/abut
They held a meeting, ____ which the hspital directr made a speech. At the meeting
The bk,_____ which he paid 6 Yuan, is wrth reading. Pay + 钱 + fr + sth.
限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句
辨析下列句子
Her brther wh is nw a sldier always encurages her t g t cllege.
她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。（意含：她还有其他哥哥。）
Her brther, wh is nw a sldier, always encurages her t g t cllege.
她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。（意含：她只有一个哥哥。）
All the bks that have pictures in them are well written.
所有里面带插图的书都写得很好。（意含：还有不带插图的书。）
All the bks, which have pictures in them, are well written.
所有的书都带插图，这些书都写得很好。（意含：没有不带插图的书。）
总结：
限制性定语从句:
意义上，不可缺。无逗号，翻译时要调整语序。
非限制性定语从句：
意义上，附加说明，有逗号，翻译时直接翻译。
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句用法上的区别
引导限制性定语从句时，关系代词which可以与that互换；但引导非限制性定语从句时，只能用which。
She heard a terrible nise, ____ frightened her.
A. that B. which C. what D. wh
She heard a terrible nise____ frightened her.
A. that B. / C. what D. wh
先行词为reasn时，限制性定语可以用why或fr which来引导；非限制性定语从句则只能用fr which来引导。
(1) I had tld them the reasn,____I didn’t attend the meeting.
A. fr which B. at which C. fr whm D. why
(2) I had tld them the reasn_____I didn’t attend the meeting.
A. when B. which C. why D. fr that
引导限制性定语从句的关系代词在从句中担任宾语时可以被省略；但引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词即使作宾语也不能省略。
He was eager t g t the hspital t see his stepmther,he lved and (D)
respected as his wn mther.
A.as B. which C. / D. whm
引导限制性定语从句时并作从句宾语的关系代词whm可以用wh来代替；但在非限制性定语从句中，whm就不能用wh替换。
D yu knw Tm,____we talked abut?
A. which B. that C. whm D. wh
The American jurnalist______the annuncer mentined in the bradcast is said t have beenkilled.
Which f the fllwing is wrng?
A. wh B. whm C. whse D. /
e. 当非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句时，which引导的从句不能放在主句前，而as引导的从句既可以放主句前，也可以放主句后。As 意为正如……，which无此含义。
____I expected, he didn’t believe me.
A. Which B. As C. That D. When
(2) Mary was late fr schl, _____ften happened.
A. as B. fr which C. that D. why
由“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，关系代词指代整个主句时，不能用as，只能用which。
He bught the car fr mre than $20,000,__his father was angry.
A. abut that B. with as C. when D. with which
一些由as引导的定语从句常位于句首，已形成了固定的说法。
as is knwn t all 这是众所周知的
as has been said befre 如前所说
as is ften the case 情况常常如此
as may be imagined 这可以想象得出
as has been pinted ut 正如已经指出的那样
as ften happens 这种情况常常发生
2022、2023年全国各省市真题综合训练45题
一、单项选择
1．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）The Aerspace Square ________ was cmpleted last year has becme a new turist attractin.
A．whichB．whC．whmD．where
2．（2022·四川自贡·统考中考真题）—What d yu think f the Mnkey King?
—I think he’s a her ________ keeps fighting t help the weak peple.
A．whB．whereC．whse
3．（2022·四川成都·统考中考真题）Rme is an ancient city _______ is full f places f interest.
A．whereB．whichC．wh
4．（2022·湖南邵阳·统考中考真题）—What kind f music d yu like, Linda?
—I like music ________ I can dance t.
A．whenB．thatC．what
5．（2023·四川成都·统考中考真题）He shwed me the phts ________ he tk at his graduatin ceremny.
A．thatB．whC．what
6．（2023·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）Tea is the leaf f a plant ________ grws widely in China, Japan and ther cuntries.
A．whatB．whC．that
7．（2023·四川乐山·统考中考真题）Gu Mru is a famus Chinese writer ________ is ppular arund the wrld.
A．whichB．whmC．wh
8．（2023·青海·统考中考真题）A best friend is a persn _________ is always there when yu need him r her. As the saying ges, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”
A．whmB．whseC．wh
9．（2023·湖南邵阳·统考中考真题）—I’ve fund a new pen, but I dn’t knw ________.
—It must be Lucy’s. She is lking fr her pen.
A．whse is itB．whse it isC．wh it is
10．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考中考真题）—Wh is the her in yur mind?
—Huang Danian. He is a scientist ________ has helped China make great prgress in deep-sea explratin (勘探).
A．whereB．whichC．wh
11．（2022·内蒙古·中考真题）—What kind f mvies d yu like?
—I prefer mvies ________ give me smething t think abut.
A．whB．thatC．whatD．/
12．（2021·四川巴中·统考中考真题）The app “MAYI” encurages peple t give away the clthes ________ they dn’t need t the pr.
A．whatB．whmC．whD．that
13．（2021·四川甘孜·统考中考真题）—D yu knw the girl ________ is standing ver there?
—Yes. She is my sister.
A．whenB．whereC．whD．which
14．（2022·四川达州·统考中考真题）—D yu like the mvie ________ is called The Battle at Lake Changjin?
—Sure. I think n mvie is ________ than it.
A．that; mre tuchingB．what; less tuchingC．that; mre tuchedD．which; less tuched
15．（2023·四川遂宁·中考真题）Miss Xiang is a great teacher _________always makes her classes lively and fascinating.
A．whichB．whC．whatD．whm
16．（2022·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）Students lve the teachers ________ are utging and humrus.
A．whB．whmC．whichD．whse
17．（2022·黑龙江·统考中考真题）We shuld remember thse ________ lst their lives fr ur cuntry.
A．whB．whmC．which
18．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）I can’t frget the teachers and the university ________ I visited tw years ag. They bring me many sweet memries.
A．thatB．whichC．what
19．（2022·湖北恩施·统考中考真题）China is the first natin ________ sent Chang’e Ⅳ t the far side f the mn.
A．whichB．thatC．wh
20．（2022·广西柳州·中考真题）D yu knw the by ________ is standing under the tree?
A．whB．whichC．where
21．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考中考真题）—Hw exciting the speech is!
—Pretty gd! This is the best speech ________ I’ve ever heard.
A．whichB．thatC．wh
22．（2023·新疆·中考真题）Lts f Chinese yung peple ___________ were brn after 1995 use dr-t-dr cking t save time.
A．thatB．thseC．whichD．/
23．（2022·辽宁朝阳·统考中考真题）—What kind f mvies d yu like?
—I prefer mvies _________ me smething t think abut.
A．whm giveB．wh givesC．which giveD．that gives
24．（2022·辽宁营口·统考中考真题）He ________ des nt reach the Great Wall is nt a true man.
A．whmB．/C．whichD．wh
25．（2022·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）— Jeff, what are yu watching?
— A shrt vide abut Zhang Guimei ________ stries mve me deeply.
A．whB．whmC．whse
26．（2022·广西玉林·统考中考真题）—Vlunteering is a meaningful activity.
—I agree. We shuld express thanks t the peple ________ d vlunteer jbs.
A．whmB．whatC．whD．which
27．（2022·湖南株洲·统考中考真题）Yuan Lngping is a great scientist ________ will live in ur heart frever.
A．whichB．whC．what
28．（2022·辽宁阜新·中考真题）—Mm is waiting. Can we set ff nw?
—Just a minute. I can’t find the shes ________ I bught last week.
A．thatB．whC．whatD．wh
29．（2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题）— Tm, what kind f stries d yu prefer?
— The nes ________ have a happy ending.
A．thatB．whC．thseD．whm
30．（2022·西藏·统考中考真题）Accrding t a recent study, adults ________ ften d husewrk might stay healthy int ld age.
A．whenB．whichC．whD．what
31．（2022·青海·统考中考真题）—D yu like the sng Jian Hun n Duyin?
—Yes, I like the sngs ________ I can dance t.
A．thatB．whC．what
32．（2023·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）I will remember the imprtant peple ________ helped and supprted me in my life.
A．whichB．whseC．whmD．wh
33．（2023·四川达州·统考中考真题）—The Lifelng Jurney is ne f the mst tuching bks ________ I have ever read.
—Yeah, the bk is fantastic and I am lking frward t ________ it again.
A．that, readingB．which, t readC．that, t read
34．（2023·吉林·统考中考真题）The students are reading bks ________ are full f the “red spirit” these days.
A．whB．whereC．which
35．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）If we study hard with big dreams, there is nthing ________ can’t be achieved.
A．whB．thatC．whm
36．（2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题）Lei Feng is a great persn ________ sets a gd example t us.
A．whB．whichC．whse
37．（2023·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）Mrs. Wang is an English teacher ________ makes her class lively.
A．whichB．whseC．wh
38．（2023·黑龙江·统考中考真题）— What can we d fr the left-hme children ________ need help?
— We culd help them with their study nline n weekends.
A．whichB．whC．whm
39．（2023·湖南株洲·统考中考真题）Tday’s China is a cuntry ________ keeps t this natinal character.
A．whatB．whC．that
40．（2023·辽宁阜新·统考中考真题）The wman astrnaut ________ gave us a lessn n space is Liu Yang.
A．whichB．whseC．whD．whm
41．（2022·四川乐山·统考中考真题）— What kind f bks d yu like best?
— I like bks ________ are abut science and technlgy.
A．whB．whmC．which
42．（2022·贵州铜仁·统考中考真题）—Is the wman ______ walked past just nw yur teacher?
—Yes, she teaches ______ English and we all lve her very much.
A．which; urB．wh; usC．which; usD．that; ur
43．（2022·黑龙江·统考中考真题）The bys __________ are playing ftball are frm Class One.
A．whichB．whC．whse
44．（2022·吉林·统考中考真题）Mrs. Wang is an English teacher ________ makes her classes lively and interesting.
A．whichB．whC．what
45．（2022·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）—D yu knw the wman ________ is giving a lessn in space nw?
—Of curse. She is Wang Yaping.
A．whichB．whmC．wh先行词是人
先行词是物
作主语
wh/ that
which/ that
作宾语
(wh/ whm/that)
(which/ that)
作定语
whse
whse
表示时间
when
表示地点
where
表示原因
why