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所属成套资源:中考英语一轮复习知识梳理巩固练习 (2份,原卷版+解析版)
中考英语一轮复习知识梳理巩固练习专题14 非谓语动词(2份,原卷版+解析版)
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这是一份中考英语一轮复习知识梳理巩固练习专题14 非谓语动词(2份,原卷版+解析版),文件包含中考英语一轮复习知识梳理巩固练习专题14非谓语动词原卷版docx、中考英语一轮复习知识梳理巩固练习专题14非谓语动词解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共53页, 欢迎下载使用。
·模块二 非谓语之动名词的用法
·模块三 分词(现在分词 ding和过去分词 dne)
·模块四 非谓语的时态语态
·模块五 非谓语做宾语的用法
·模块六 2022、2023年全国各省市真题综合训练45题
非谓语的三种形式
非谓语之不定式的用法
不定式 t d
不定式结构作主语
T see is t believe.
It is better t see smething nce than t hear abut it a hundred times.
百闻不如一见。
在很多情况下,特别是在口语中,常采用先行it代替主语,而把不定式后置:
It’s a great pleasure t be here.
It is nt an easy thing t master a language.
★区分用法★
直接用不定式做主语的句子显得更加正式。
如主语和表语都是t d,则只能采用第一种形式。
对敌人仁慈就是对人民残忍。
T be kind t the enemy is t be cruel t the peple.
如是疑问句或感叹句,则只能采用第二种形式。
如:What is it like t be there?
What a jy it was t read Barak’s bk!
用It is+形容词作表语时,由于逻辑主语不同导致的fr和f的区别。
fr sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,
如:difficult, interesting, easy, impssible等。.
f sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示性格、品德、心智能力,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,
如:gd, kind, nice, clever, flish等。
★小试身手★
T be fnd f dancing was a certain step twards falling in lve.
喜欢跳舞是谈情说爱的一个步骤。
对他来说,学两门外语是很困难的。
It’s very difficult fr him t learn tw languages.
你能这么说很有礼貌。
It’s very plite f yu t say s.
★真题试炼★
It’s imprtant ___ B__ the pian well.
A. f him t playB. fr him t play C. f him playingD. fr him playing
It’s wrng ___A __ her like that.
A. f yu t treatB. fr yu t treatC. f yu treatingD. fr yu treating
不定式结构作表语
主语和表语都是不定式(其含义往往一是条件,一是结果),如:
T be kind t the enemy is t be cruel t the peple.
T d that wuld be t cut the ft t fit the she.
那样做无疑是削足适履。
不定式结构作动词宾语(见表格附录)
不定式结构作定语
★小试身手★
了解一个人最好的方法是和他/她生活一段时间.
The best way t knw a persn is t live with him/her fr sme time.
你有什么可以吃的东西吗?
D yu have anything t eat?
许多老人找不到可以安度晚年的地方.
Many ld peple cannt find a place t spend the rest f their life.
不定式结构作状语
基本用法:不定式结构可以作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词等表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。
表示目的
They ran ver t welcme the delegates.
♥Attentin♥
in rder t d 常置于句首用来强调目的。
s as t/s….as t 表示目的,不可以置于句首。
★小试身手★
为了能够准时到达那里,我们必须现在出发
In rder t get there n time, we must set ff nw.
为了款待重要客人,他从英国请了管家。
In rder t treat the imprtant guests, he hired a husekeeper frm the UK
他们一大早出发为了能赶上首班车。
They set ut in the early mrning s as t catch the first bus.
表示结果
s …as t … 如此……以至于
Wuld yu be s kind as t lend me yur bicycle / tell me the time?
such (…) as t … 如此……以至于
I’m nt such a fl as t believe that.
enugh t … 足以
The by is ld enugh t g t schl.
t … t … 太……以至于不能
His eyesight is t pr t read such small letters.
nly t 不料却……,结果却…… 不定式之前有时可以加上nly或but nly,以加强语气
I bught expensive tickets t the theatre, nly t discver that the shw was bring.
★小试身手★
你说这些话只会把大家弄得更加紧张。
Yu said these nly t make everyne mre nervus.
她太小了不能看这个暴力电影。
She is t yung t watch this vilent mvie.
♥Attentin♥:
但是t….t结构前如果出现but, never, nly等词时则表示肯定。
活到老学到老。
It’s never t ld/late t learn.
不定式结构作宾语补足语
非谓语做宾补的用法。
不定式t d(d)做宾补表示“要去做”。
d 做宾补表示“全过程”。
非谓语之动名词的用法
动名词结构作主语
(a). 动名词做主语通常位于句首。
Seeing is believing.
Nt finishing schl can affect yur whle life.
(b). 将 it放句首做形式主语,把动名词置于句末的常用结构。
It is + a waste f time/n gd/nt any gd/n use/useless + ding sth.
It is n use talking t him again.
It is n gd (yur) refusing t d it.
★小试身手★
__Getting married ______ is an imprtant decisin in a persn’s life. (结婚)
__Driving while drunk______ is against the law. (酒后驾车)
_____Listening t classical music____ relaxes me at the end f the day.(听古典音乐)
跟他聊天就是浪费时间。
It is a waste f time talking/chatting with him
动名词结构作表语
My jb is teaching English.
★小试身手★
他们的工作是为残疾人制造轮椅。
__Their jb is making_______wheelchairs fr disabled peple.
★区分用法★
动名词结构作宾语(见表格附录)
非谓语之现在分词的用法
现在分词和过去分词结构作定语
分词做定语的基本含义。
分词有两种:现在分词和过去分词。这两种在句子中能担任的成分大体相同。
现在分词一般有主动的意思
过去分词一般有被动的意思
分词作定语的重要知识点:
单独作定语,应放在被修饰的名词之前,在更多情况下,可以用分词短语作定语,这时分词短语应放在被修饰的名词之后,在意义上也相当于一个定语从句,如:
现在分词:tuching stry / leading cadres / shining example / cming week /
过去分词:skilled wrker / armed frces / biled water / steamed bread
Barking dgs seldm bite.
Sn ur respected and belved leaders entered the banquet hall.
Wh is the man standing (= that is standing) by the dr?
They built a highway leading (= which leads) int the muntains.
★小试身手★
写出下列短语的意思
the rising sun 旭日
fallen leaves 落叶
faded flwers 凋零的花
returned students 海归
retired wrkers 退休工人
the explded bmb 已爆炸弹
departed friends 离去的朋友
把分词做定语改成定语从句或者定语从句改成分词作定语
They are prblems left ver by histry.
They are the prblems which were left by histry.
Have yu read any shrt stries which were written by Lu Xun?
Have yu read any shrt stries written by Lu Xun?
develping cuntries = cuntries that are develping
a city that is grwing =a grwing city
作定语的现在分词和过去分词所表示的动作发生的时间不同
表示正在进行的动作, (变为从句时要用进行时态), 如:
Tell the children playing there (wh are playing there) nt t make s much nise.
Did yu see the man talking (wh was talking) t the manager?
表示经常性的动作, 或现在 (或当时) 的状态, (变为从句时, 用一般时态), 如:
They lived in a rm facing (= that faced) the suth.
The huse standing (= that stands) at the crner f the street was built in 1955.
过去分词作定语时,过去分词所表示的动作可以在谓语所表示的动作之前发生,也可以是没有一定的时间性,如:
The meeting held(which was held) last week is very imprtant.
He is a man lved (wh is lved)by all.
♥Attentin♥:
如果所表示的动作现在正在发生,或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生,可以用现在分词的被动形式来表示,如:
The meeting being held is very imprtant.
We must keep a secret f the things being discussed here.(discuss)
♥Attentin♥:
如果所表示的是一个未来的动作,可以用一个不定式的被动形式来表示,如:
The meeting t be held next week is very imprtant.
★小试身手★
Please tell me the subjects t be discussed at the next meeting. (discuss)
Please tell me the subjects discussed last week. (discuss)
D yu knw the meeting being discussed nw is held by Peter? (discuss)
现在分词作状语
现在分词表示主动进行,过去分词表示被动完成。
现在分词作伴随状语,表示陪衬性的动作或伴随情况,如:
The children ran ut f the rm, laughing and talking merrily.
They std there fr an hur watching the game.
♥Attentin♥:
a. 分词表示的必须是主语的一个动作;
b. 分词表示的动作和谓语表示的动作(或状态)是同时发生的;
c. 分词表示的是比较次要的动作,对谓语表示的动作或状态加以说明;
d. 大部分放在谓语之后;
e. 分词有时可以与句子的其他部分用逗号隔开。
现在分词作原因状语,表示原因或理由,如:
Seeing nbdy at hme, she decided t leave them a nte.
Nt knwing her address, we culdn’t get in tuch with her.
试试可不可以变成状语从句呢:
Because she saw nbdy at hme, she decided t leave them a nte.
Because we didn’t knw her address, we culdn’t get in tuch with her.
♥Attentin♥
如果分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生,则要用完成形式,如:
Having wrked amng the peasants fr many years, he knew them very well.
Nt having received an answer, he decided t write anther letter.
现在分词作时间状语(相当于 when 引导的从句),如:
Turning arund, she saw a plice car driving up.
Hearing the news, they all jumped with jy.
试试可不可以变成状语从句呢:
When she turned arund ,she saw a plice car driving up.
When they heard the news, they all jumped with jy.
♥Attentin♥:
这里分词表示的是一个极短暂的动作,这动作一发生,谓语动词所表示的动作立即发生。这类分词一般放在句首。如果两个动作是完全同时发生的,多用 when 或 while + 分词这种结构,如:
Be careful when crssing the street.
Dn’t mentin this while talking t him.
现在分词作状语还可以表示结果、条件和让步,如:
Wrking hard, yu will succeed. (条件)
Weighing almst ne hundred jin, the stne was mved by him alne. (让步)
试试可不可以变成状语从句呢:
If yu wrk hard, yu will succeed.
Althugh the stne weighs almst ne hundred jin, the stne was mved by him alne.
现在分词的完成形式和被动形式
分词的完成形式主要用在状语中,表示动作在谓语动作之前发生,如:
Having been there many times, he ffered t be ur guide.
Having been given such a gd chance, hw culd she let it slip away?
过去分词作状语
(1)过去分词短语作状语,可以修饰谓语,说明动作发生的背景或情况,如:
Built in 1192, the bridge is ver 700 years ld.
The trainer appeared, fllwed by six little dgs.
(2)过去分词短语表示原因(相当于一个原因状语从句),如:
He sn fell asleep, exhausted by the jurney.
试试可不可以变成状语从句呢:
He sn fell asleep as/because he was exhausted by the jurney.
(3)过去分词短语有时可以表示时间(相当于时间状语从句)和条件(相当于条件状语从句),如:
United, we stand; divided, we fall.
Seen frm the hill, the park lks very beautiful.
试试可不可以变成状语从句呢:
If we are united ,we stand; If we are divided, we fall.
When/If the park is seen frm the hill, the park lks very beautiful.
♥Attentin♥:
过去分词短语作状语时,前面有时可以加上when, if, while, thugh, as if 等连词,这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句(省略部分多为 “主语 + be 的多种形式”)。需要注意的是,省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同,如:
If / When heated, water changes int steam.
The girl is very shy, and never speaks until spken t.
试试看把它们补充完整:
If/when water is heated, it changed int steam.
The girl is very shy, and never speaks until she is spken t.
♥Attentin♥:
在用分词短语作状语时, 它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致.
过去分词在时态上强调动作已经完成,在语态上侧重于被动;
而现在分词在时态上强调动作正在进行,在语态上侧重于主动。
★小试身手★
试一试:判断下列句子中分词充当什么状语,并且看看可不可以转化成相应状语从句。
Every evening they sat n the sfa watching TV. 表伴随
I gt hme, feeling very tired.表伴随
Nt knwing her address, we culdn’t get in tuch with her.表原因
Turning arund, she saw an ambulance driving up.表时间
Cmpared with yu, we still have a lng way t g.表条件/时间
非谓语的时态语态
t d
★小试身手★
能被邀请来做演讲是我的荣幸。
It’s my hnr t be invited t make this speech.
老板经过他身边时,他假装正在打电话。
When the bss passed by, he pretended t be making a phne call.
他们似乎在发薪日前就花光了上个月的工资。
They seemed t have spent up last mnth’s salary befre the pay day.
ding
dne
过去分词dne的一般情况即表示“被动、完成”的含义,所以没有时态语态变化。
★小试身手★
T earn(earn) sme mney t pay the daily expenses, I started t wrk in a lcal café as a waiter.
目的状语
2. The mst cmmn mistakes leading (lead) t a bad back are pr bdy mechanics and unhealthy habits. 定语
3. We teenagers ften think that parents are cnservative (保守的), and they knw nthing abut us, but hnestly, we’re actually still t yung t knw (knw) what’s really best fr us. 结果状语
4. Sn I had lived in the city fr ver six mnths but I still did nt like it. Apparently, I had difficulty adapting (adapt) myself t life in the city, let alne finding a jb t my delight. 宾语
5. Wndering (wnder) hw my mum culd cnsume them s quickly, I began bserving her daily rutine fr tw weeks. 原因状语
6. The Flakes brught alng a lbster (龙虾) trap in hpes f having sme delicius treats, but it was lst within the first few hurs after being attacked(attack) by a shark.
7. “I think she wuld like yu t have it.” Shcked (shck), I tk it frm her autmatically. She smiled and walked away. 伴随状语
8. Having endured (endure) t many f these tragedies in the past few years, each time I learn the news I react nt as a President, but as anybdy else wuld — as a parent. And that was especially true tday.
9. He has a cnstant urge t check (check) fr next messages; he checks his phne every five minutes! 定语
10. Many researchers claim t have fund(find) relatinships between left-handedness and varius physical and mental characteristics. 宾语
11. The cities experiencing (experience) the highest annual grwth in ffice rental rates are bth in Suth Africa with 40 percent rate rise fr Durban and 44 percent fr Sandtn. 定语
非谓语做宾语的用法
非谓语做宾语的用法
不定式t d做宾语。
结构公式(肯定):下列动词 / 短语 + t d sth.
结构公式(否定):下列动词 / 短语 + nt t d sth.
考试高频词:
动名词ding做宾语。
结构公式:下列动词 / 词组 + ding sth.
动词 + ding的用法
高频考察动词
介词短语 + ding的用法
带t的短语
带have的短语
spend的短语
其他高频考察短语
t d和ding皆可作宾语的非谓语形式
结构公式:下列动词 + t d / ding sth.
加t d和ding含义相同的动词
加t d和ding含义不同的动词
2022、2023年全国各省市真题综合训练45题
一、单项选择
1.(2023·云南·统考中考真题)Tday is Father’s Day, and I plan ________ a dinner fr my father.
A.t prepareB.preparingC.preparedD.prepare
2.(2022·辽宁大连·统考中考真题)I hpe ________ in my hmetwn after I finish schl.
A.wrkB.wrksC.wrkingD.t wrk
3.(2023·福建·统考中考真题)It’s reprted that China plans ________ astrnauts t the mn befre 2030.
A.sendB.sendingC.t send
4.(2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题)Science is my favurite subject, s I have prepared ________ the STEAM Club.
A.jinB.jiningC.t jinD.t jining
5.(2023·天津·统考中考真题)David learnt ________ when he was five.
A.swimB.swimsC.swamD.t swim
6.(2023·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题)—Our schl will invite Mr. Wang ________ us a talk n envirnmental prtectin next week.
—That’s wnderful!
A.giveB.t giveC.givingD.gave
7.(2022·湖南邵阳·统考中考真题)— Hu can I prevent COVID-19, Dad?
—________ healthy, yu shuld always wear a mask and wash hands frequently.
A.KeepB.KeepingC.T keep
8.(2022·湖南株洲·统考中考真题)________ a shared future, we shuld learn frm each ther and help each ther.
A.CreateB.T createC.Creating
9.(2022·湖南益阳·统考中考真题)—Tm, d yu think reading is imprtant?
—Yes, I d. S I decide ________ mre time reading frm nw n.
A.spendB.t spendC.spending
10.(2022·贵州黔西·统考中考真题)Mst f the students are lking frward t ________ themselves after the exams.
A.wrkB.wrkingC.relaxD.relaxing
11.(2022·江苏南通·统考中考真题)We shuld have a healthy diet, prper exercise and enugh sleep ________ fit.
A.keepingB.t keepC.keepD.kept
12.(2022·统考中考真题)The yung player spends fur hurs _______ vlleyball every day.
A.practiseB.practisingC.t practiseD.practised
13.(2022·统考中考真题)The Internet enables farmers _______ fruits and vegetables acrss the cuntry.
A.sellB.sellingC.t sellD.sld
14.(2022·广西桂林·统考中考真题)They are wrking hard ________ tigers.
A.savedB.saveC.t save
15.(2022·西藏·统考中考真题)It’s imprtant fr the disabled ________ the ability t make a living.
A.t haveB.haveC.havingD.has
16.(2023·湖南怀化·统考中考真题)Many peple enjy ______ zngzi by themselves n the Dragn Bat Festival.
A.makingB.madeC.t make
17.(2023·湖南郴州·统考中考真题)—Are yu ging t read the bk Jurney t the West?
—Yes. Our teacher expects us ________ such traditinal Chinese bks.
A.readB.readingC.t read
18.(2023·湖南株洲·统考中考真题)Tday, we must cntinue wrking ________ ur skies blue, waters clean and lands clear.
A.keepB.t keepC.keeping
19.(2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·统考中考真题)________the quality f PE classes, sme schls put smart technlgy int use.
A.ImprvingB.T imprveC.ImprveD.Imprved
20.(2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题)________ dwn air pllutin, we shuld walk r take the bus instead f driving.
A.CutB.T cutC.Cutting
21.(2023·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题)I saw Lily ________ when I passed her rm.
A.danceB.dancingC.t dance
22.(2023·江苏南通·统考中考真题)________ healthy, we’ve gt used t washing hands befre meals and using public chpsticks.
A.KeepingB.KeepC.T keepD.T keeping
23.(2023·吉林长春·统考中考真题)We expect the wrld _______ China better after the 19th Asian Games in Hangzhu.
A.understandingB.t understandC.understdD.understand
24.(2022·广西河池·统考中考真题)I usually spend time ________ in the library n weekends.
A.readB.readingC.readsD.t read
25.(2022·广西玉林·统考中考真题)—Safety cmes first! Everyne shuld stp the kids frm ________ in the lake r river.
—Life is valuable. Kids must remember ________ the schl rules.
A.swim; t fllwB.swim; fllwing
C.swimming; fllwingD.swimming; t fllw
26.(2023·江苏徐州·中考真题)I have decided t g t Beijing and ________ ne f my ld friends there.
A.visitingB.visitedC.visitsD.visit
27.(2022·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题)If each f us makes effrts _______ smething meaningful, ur sciety will becme better and better.
A.t lseB.t be lstC.t dD.t be dne
28.(2022·吉林长春·统考中考真题)________ heavy traffic, please get up and set ut early.
A.T avidB.AvidC.AvidingD.Avided
29.(2022·江苏盐城·统考中考真题)Gd news cmes that China has sent Shenzhu XIV t space ________ the unknwn wrld.
A.explreB.explredC.explringD.t explre
30.(2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)—Mst teenagers like humrus TV shws.
—Me t. I can’t help ________ when I watch them.
A.laughingB.t laughC.laughedD.laugh
31.(2022·内蒙古呼和浩特·中考真题)Whether sprtsmen, sprtswmen r vlunteers, peple used their skills and warmth ________ the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics a shining success.
A.makeB.makingC.madeD.t make
32.(2023·江苏镇江·统考中考真题)Travellers can’t wait ________ their new turs in the cming hliday.
A.t startB.startingC.startedD.start
33.(2022·青海·统考中考真题)—The dctrs are busy ________ hw t deal with this disease these days.
—S they are. They’re really hard-wrking.
A.discussB.t discussC.discussing
34.(2022·西藏·统考中考真题)________ t much sweet fd will make peple get fat.
A.EatingB.EatsC.EatD.Ate
35.(2022·内蒙古·中考真题)—Betty, I’m nt gd at English. Culd yu help me please?
—Sure. I’ll d what I can ________ yu imprve yur English.
A.t helpB.helpC.helpingD.helps
36.(2023·湖南益阳·统考中考真题)—Why did yu cme t schl s early tday?
—Oh, I arrived here at 7: 00 ________ fr the test.
A.prepareB.preparingC.t prepare
37.(2023·湖南邵阳·统考中考真题)—Is Lucy in the classrm?
—Yeah. She is still there watching Mr. Li ________.
A.t drawB.drawingC.draws
38.(2023·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题)Bys and girls, gd luck and wish yu ________ gd grades in a new year.
A.getB.gettingC.t get
39.(2023·黑龙江·统考中考真题)We shuld avid ________ a nise in the library.
A.makeB.t makeC.making
40.(2023·吉林·统考中考真题)We hpe ________ a beautiful hme by living a lw-carbn life (低碳生活).
A.buildB.buildingC.t build
41.(2023·四川达州·统考中考真题)—The Lifelng Jurney is ne f the mst tuching bks ________ I have ever read.
—Yeah, the bk is fantastic and I am lking frward t ________ it again.
A.that, readingB.which, t readC.that, t read
42.(2023·四川达州·统考中考真题)The teachers used t ________ key pints n the blackbard, but nw they are getting used t ________ them thrugh PPTs.
A.write, shwingB.writing, shwC.write, shw
43.(2023·四川自贡·统考中考真题)—Mike, we are tld nt ________ the phne while crssing the street.
—I am srry. I wn’t d it again.
A.answeringB.t answerC.answer
44.(2023·四川泸州·统考中考真题)— What are yu ging t d this summer vacatin?
— I plan ________ Hua Hua, a nearly 3-year-ld lvely panda in Chengdu.
A.seeB.sawC.seeingD.t see
45.(2023·湖北孝感·统考中考真题)—Safety is very imprtant t all f us.
—I agree. We students shuld learn ________ urselves in the daily life.
A.where t hldB.what t visitC.hw t prtectD.why t help
参考答案:
1.A
【详解】句意:今天是父亲节,我打算为父亲准备一顿晚餐。
考查非谓语动词。plan t d sth“计划做某事”,为固定短语,故选A。
2.D
【详解】句意:我希望毕业后能在家乡工作。
考查非谓语动词。固定短语hpe t d sth“希望做某事”,故选D。
3.C
【详解】句意:据报道,中国计划在2030年前将宇航员送上月球。
考查非谓语动词。plan t d sth“计划做某事”,为固定短语,故选C。
4.C
【详解】句意:科学是我最喜欢的科目,所以我已经准备加入 STEAM俱乐部了。
考查非谓语动词。prepare t d sth“准备做某事”,固定短语,所以空处用动词不定式,故选C。
5.D
【详解】句意:大卫五岁时学习游泳。
考查非谓语动词。learn t d sth“学习做某事”,为固定短语,故选D。
6.B
【详解】句意:——下周我们学校将邀请王先生给我们做一个关于环境保护的演讲。——那是精彩的!
考查非谓语动词。invite sb. t d sth.“邀请某人做某事”。故选B。
7.C
【详解】句意:爸爸,我该如何预防新冠病毒?——为了保持健康,你应该经常戴口罩,经常洗手。
考查非谓语动词。空处是动词不定式做目的状语。故选C。
8.B
【详解】句意:为了创造一个共享未来,我们应该向彼此学习并帮助彼此。
考查不定式用法。create创造。选项A是动词原形;选项B是动词不定式;选项C是动词的ing形式。空格上需填一个动词不定式作目的状语,表示“为了”。故选B。
9.B
【详解】句意:——Tm,你觉得阅读重要吗?——是的。所以我决定从现在开始花更多时间来阅读。
考查动词不定式作宾语。spend花费,动词原形;t spend花费,动词不定式;spending花费,动名词或现在分词。decide t d sth表示“决定做某事”,因此空格处应填动词不定式,在句中作宾语。故选B。
10.D
【详解】句意:大多数学生都期待着考试后放松自己。
考查非谓语动词和动词辨析。wrk工作;relax放松。根据“after the exams.”可知,考试过后应该是放松,可排除AB选项;固定短语lk frward t ding sth.“期待着做某事”。故选D。
11.B
【详解】句意:我们应该有健康的饮食、适当的锻炼和充足的睡眠来保持健康。
考查非谓语动词。此处是动词不定式作目的状语,健康的饮食、适当的锻炼和充足的睡眠是为了保持健康。故选B。
12.B
【详解】句意:这位年轻运动员每天花四个小时练习排球。
考查非谓语动词。spend sme time (in) ding sth.“花费时间做某事”,应用动名词作宾语。故选B。
13.C
【详解】句意:互联网使农民能够在全国各地销售水果和蔬菜。
考查非谓语动词。固定短语enable sb t d sth“使某人能做某事”。故选C。
14.C
【详解】句意:他们正在努力拯救老虎。
考查非谓语动词。此处在句中表示目的,用动词不定式形式,故选C。
15.A
【详解】句意:对残疾人来说,有谋生的能力是很重要的。
考查动词不定式作主语。it is adj. fr sb. t d sth“做某事……”,动词不定式作主语,故选A。
16.A
【详解】句意:许多人喜欢在端午节自己包粽子。
考查非谓语动词。enjy ding sth“喜欢做某事”,动名词作宾语,故选A。
17.C
【详解】句意:——你打算读《西游记》吗?——是的。我们老师希望我们读这样的中国传统书籍。
考查非谓语动词。expect sb t d sth“期待某人做某事”,所以此处使用动词不定式,故选C。
18.B
【详解】句意:今天,我们必须继续打好蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战。
考查非谓语动词。根据“ur skies blue, waters clean and lands clear”可知蓝天、碧水、净土是继续工作的目的,空格处应用动词不定式表目的。故选B。
19.B
【详解】句意:为了提高体育课的质量,一些学校使用了智能技术。
考查非谓语。根据“the quality f PE classe”可知,为了提高体育课的质量,学校使用了智能技术,动词不定式作目的状语,故选B。
20.B
【详解】句意:为了减少空气污染,我们应该步行或乘公共汽车而不是开车。
考查动词形式。根据“we shuld walk r take the bus instead f driving.”可知,减少空气污染是目的,用动词不定式表目的。故选B。
21.B
【详解】句意:当我经过她的房间时,我看到莉莉在跳舞。
考查非谓语动词。see sb. d sth.“看见某人做了某事”;see sb. ding sth.“看见某人正在做某事”。根据“when I passed her rm.”可知,此处是指看到莉莉正在跳舞。故选B。
22.C
【详解】句意:为了保持健康,我们已经习惯饭前洗手和使用公共筷子。
考查非谓语动词。根据题干可知,饭前洗手和使用公筷是为了保持健康,应用动词不定式作目的状语,故选C。
23.B
【详解】句意:我们期待第19届杭州亚运会后,世界更好地了解中国。
考查非谓语动词。expect sb t d sth“期待某人做某事”,此空应填不定式,故选B。
24.B
【详解】句意:周末我通常在图书馆看书。
本题考查动词spend的用法。“花费时间做某事”的英文表达为“spend time (in) ding”,所以应选择动名词形式reading。故选B。
25.D
【详解】句意:——安全第一! 每个人都应该阻止孩子们在湖里或河里游泳。——生命是宝贵的。 孩子们必须记住遵守校规。
考查非谓语动词。stp sb. frm ding sth.“阻止某人做某事”,动名词作宾语,排除AB;remember t d sth.“记得要做某事”,remember ding sth.“记得做过某事”;根据“Kids must schl rules”可知是记得要遵守规则,故此处用动词不定式作宾语,排除C。故选D。
26.D
【详解】句意:我决定去北京看望我在那里的一位老朋友。
考查非谓语动词。decide t d sth.“决定做某事”,空格处应为动词原形,省略了动词不定式符号t,故选D。
27.C
【详解】句意:如果我们每个人都努力去做些有意义的事,我们的社会会越变越好。
考查动词不定式作目的状语。t lse失去,动词不定式的一般式;t be lst迷失,动词不定式的一般式;t d做,动词不定式的一般式;t be dne被做,动词不定式的被动式。make effrts t d sth.表示“努力做某事”,d smething meaningful表示“做一些有意义的事情”。故选C。
28.A
【详解】句意:为了避免交通拥挤,请早点起床出发。
考查非谓语动词。根据“heavy traffic, please get up and set ut early”可知,早点起床出发的目的是为了避免交通拥挤,用动词不定式表目的,故选A。
29.D
【详解】句意:好消息来了,中国已经将神舟十四号发射到太空去探索未知的世界。
考查非谓语动词。explre探索,动词原形;explred探索,动词过去式或过去分词;explring探索,动名词或现在分词;t explre探索,动词不定式。根据“China has sent Shenzhu XIV t space”和“the unknwn wrld”可知,中国已经将神舟十四号发射到太空,其目的是探索未知的世界,动词不定式表目的。故选D。
30.A
【详解】句意:——大多数青少年喜欢幽默的电视节目。——我也是。当我看他们的时候,我忍不住笑了。
考查非谓语动词。根据“I can’t help …when I watch them.”可知,can’t help ding sth“忍不住要做某事”。故选A。
31.D
【详解】句意:无论是男运动员、女运动员还是志愿者,人们都用自己的技能和热情使2022年北京冬奥会取得了辉煌的成功。
考查非谓语动词。根据“peple used their skills and warmth…the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics a shining success.”可知,人们用自己的技能和热情的目的是让2022北京冬奥会取得成功,此处为不定式表目的。故选D。
32.A
【详解】句意:旅行者们迫不及待地想在即将到来的假期开始他们的新旅行。
考查非谓语动词。can’t wait t d sth.“迫不及待做某事”,应用不定式。故选A。
33.C
【详解】句意:——这些天医生们正忙着讨论如何治疗这种病。——确实如此。他们真的很努力。
考查非谓语动词。be busy ding sth“忙于做某事”,因此填动名词,故选C。
34.A
【详解】句意:吃太多甜食会使人发胖。
考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,空处在句中作主语,应填动名词,故选A。
35.A
【详解】句意:——贝蒂,我英语不好。你能帮我一下吗?——当然。我会尽我所能帮助你提高英语。
考查非谓语动词。此处在句中表示目的,用动词不定式形式,故选A。
36.C
【详解】句意:——你今天为什么这么早就来上学?——哦,我七点到这里准备考试。
考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,“I arrived here at 7: 00”的目的是“prepare fr the test”,作目的状语用动词不定式。故选C。
37.B
【详解】句意:——露西在教室里吗?——是的。她还在那儿看李老师画画。
考查非谓语动词。watch sb d sth看某人做某事(全过程或经常性);watch sb ding sth看某人正在做某事。根据“She is still there watching Mr. Li...”可知,是正在进行的动作,故选B。
38.C
【详解】句意:同学们,祝你们好运,并祝你们在新的一年里取得好成绩。
考查非谓语动词。wish sb. t d sth.“希望某人做某事”,动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选C。
39.C
【详解】句意:我们应该避免在图书馆里制造噪音。
考查动名词作宾语。根据“avid”可知此处应用动词短语avid ding sth表示“避免做某事”,因此应用动名词making作宾语。故选C。
40.C
【详解】句意:我们希望通过低碳生活来建设一个美丽的家园。
考查非谓语动词。hpe t d sth“希望做某事”,动词不定式作宾语,故选C。
41.A
【详解】句意:——《人世间》是我读过的最感人的书之一。——是的,这本书很棒,我期待着再读一遍。
考查定语从句和非谓语动词。第一处是定语从句,有最高级修饰先行词,只能用that,排除B;lk frward t ding sth“期待做某事”。故选A。
42.A
【详解】句意:老师们过去常常把重点写在黑板上,但现在他们已经习惯了通过PPT来展示。
考查非谓语动词。used t d sth.过去常常做某事,第一空应为动词原形write。get used t ding sth.习惯于做某事,第二空应为动名词shwing。故选A。
43.B
【详解】句意:——迈克,我们被告知过马路时不要接电话。——对不起。我不会再这样做了。
考查非谓语动词语。be tld nt t d sth“被告知不要做某事”,故选B。
44.D
【详解】句意:——这个暑假你打算做什么?——我计划去成都看一只将近3岁的可爱熊猫花花。
考查动词不定式。plan t d sth“计划做某事”,空格处为动词不定式作宾语。故选D。
45.C
【详解】句意:——安全对我们所有人来说都非常重要。——我同意。我们学生应该学会如何在日常生活中保护自己。
考查疑问词+动词不定式。where t hld在哪里举行;what t visit参观什么;hw t prtect如何保护;why t help为什么帮忙。根据“urselves in the daily life”可知此处应是指在日常生活中保护自己,应用动词prtect表示“保护”。故选C。
类别结构
含义
例句
现在分词
ding
主动,进行
biling water 正在沸腾的水
D yu knw the girl standing ver there? 你认识站在那里的那个女孩吗?
being dne
被动,进行
(正在被做)
The huses being built nw are fr the teachers.现在正在建的那些房子是为老师而建的。
(nt) having dne
主动,完成(否定)
Having waited fr an hur, he left.等了一个小时后,他离开了。
Nt having received a reply, he wrte anther letter.没收到回复,他又写了一封信
having been dne
被动,完成
Having been tld many times, he still made the same mistake.
虽然被告诉过好多次了,他仍然犯同样的错误。
过去分词
dne
被动,完成
The stry tld by Tm is very interesting.汤姆讲得故事非常有趣。
The huses built last year are very big.去年建的那些房子很大。
表所处的状态或特征
Devted t helping thers, he is respected.他致力于帮助别人而受到尊重。
Interested in the bk, he wants t buy it.
他对这本书感兴趣想买下来。
不定式
t d
将来,主动
I have much wrk t d.我有很多工作要做。
t be dne
将来,被动
The huses t be built next mnth are very big.下个月将要被建的那些房子很大。
t have dne
完成,主动
使用条件:
1)看结构是否需要;
2)看是否表达过去或完成之意
He’s said t have invented the telephne.
据说他发明了电话。
He is said t have been punished by his leader.
据说他已经受到了他领导的惩罚。
用法
例句
及物动词t d出现在名词后面。
动宾关系
He always has a lt f meetings t attend.
Have yu gt anything t say at the meeting?
主谓关系
She is always the first (ne) t cme and the last t leave.
不及物动词t d出现在名词后面且带上相应的介词。
Let’s first find a rm t live in. / t put the things in.
We have nthing t wrry abut.
♥Attentin♥但前面被修饰的名词是place/time/way时可省略不及物动词的介词。
I think the best way t travel is by air.
We have n place t live.
结构
含义
举例
see + 宾语 + d
看见(宾语)做……了
see him g t the ffice
see +宾语 + ding
看见(宾语)正在做
see him ging t the ffice
see +宾语 + being dne
看见(宾语)正在被做
see him being bitten by a dg
see +宾语 + dne
看见(宾语)被做
see him bitten by a dg
结构
例词
例句
动词+宾语+ t d
ask, invite, tell, want, encurage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, rder, frce, 等表示劝请、要求、喜好类
I want bth f yu t g.
The teacher tld us t d exercise ne.
动词+宾语+d(省略t)
一“感”: feel
二“听”: hear / listen t
三“使”: have / make / let
四“看”: see / watch / ntice / find
I saw my daughter enter the classrm, sit in a chair, pen her English bk and begin t read Chapter 15.
作主语
含义
例句
不定式t d
一次性的具体的动作
有特定的动作执行者
T lie is wrng.
T live in Beijing is the height f Tm’s ambitin.
动名词ding
抽象的泛指的动作
无特定的动作执行者
Lying is wrng.
Swimming is gd exercise.
作表语
含义
例句
不定式t d
一次性、具体的、将要发生的动作
His jb is t paint the walls.
动名词ding
一般性、抽象的、经常发生的动作
His jb is painting walls.
他的工作是粉刷墙。(这是他日常的工作)
用现在分词做定语的句子(表示主动)
用过去分词做定语的句子
He is an interesting man.
The huse standing there belngs t me.
Interested members will meet at tw.
The huse built last year is very beautiful.
一般
进行
完成
主动
t d
t be ding
t have dne
被动
t be dne
/
t have been dne
一般(与谓语动词同时发生)
完成(在谓语动词之前发生)
主动
ding
having dne
被动
being dne
having been dne
同意
agree
目标
aim
安排
arrange
要求(2)
ask
demand
尝试
attempt
乞求
beg
选择
chse
决定
decide
想要(2)
want
desire
期待
expect
失败
fail
碰巧
happen
希望
hpe
设法成功做到
manage
提供
ffer
计划
plan
准备
prepare
假装
pretend
承诺
prmise
拒绝
refuse
承认
admit
建议(2)
advice/advise
suggest
允许(2)
allw
permit
欣赏,感激
appreciate
避免
avid
考虑
cnsider
推迟(2)
delay
pstpne
否认
deny
讨论
discuss
不喜欢
dislike
享受
enjy
逃脱
escape
借口
excuse
完成
finish
禁止
frbid
原谅
frgive
想象
imagine
保持
keep
介意
mind
错过
miss
练习
practice/priactise
防止
prevent
推荐
recmmend
抵抗
resist
冒险
risk
理解
understand
致力于(2)
attend t
dvte (neself) t
习惯于(2)
be/get used t
be accustmed t
导致
lead t
期待
lk frward t
做贡献
make a cntributin t
反对
bject t
更喜欢,宁愿
prefer t
注意
pay attentin t
坚持
stick t
persist in
insist n
过得艰难(2)
have a difficult time
have a hard time
过得愉快,玩得愉快(3)
have a gd time
have fun
have pleasure
做某事有困难(3)
have difficulty
have truble
have a prblem
做某事有经验
have experience
花时间
spend time
花钱
spend mney
同意
agree with
以……开始
begin with
小心
be careful with
忙于
be busy with
对……感到满意(2)
be pleased with
be satisfied with
对……感到生气
be angry with
厌倦于(3)
be bred with
be fed up with
be tired f
擅长(2)
be gd at
d well in
拙于
be bad at
害怕
be afraid f
喜欢(2)
be fnd f
be keen n
对……负责(3)
be respnsible fr
be in charge f
take charge f
为……向某人道歉
aplgize t sb fr
著名
be famus fr
感兴趣
be interested in
成功
succeed in
担心(2)
be wrried abut
be cncerned abut
向某人抱怨
cmplain t sb. abut/f
梦想
dream f
与……不同
be different frm
Dawsn likes giving mney away.
= Dawsn likes t give mney away.
He started wrking in 1940.
=He started t wrk in 1940.
请记住这些动词:
begin, can’t stand, cntinue, hate, like, lve, prefer, start, cntinue, g n
词
结构
意义
例句
stp
stp ding
停止正在做的事
Dawsn lves t wrk. He desn’t plan t stp wrking.
stp t d
停下去做某事
Dawsn wanted t finish schl, but he stpped t get a jb.
remember
remember ding
记得做过的事
Dawsn remembers earning $1.15 an hur in 1940.
remember t d
记得去做某事
Dawsn’s mther said, “Always remember t help thers.”
frget
frget ding
忘了做过的事
I frget brrwing mney frm yu.
frget t d
忘了去做某事
I frget tbuy a newspaper.
regret
regret ding
后悔做过的事情
I regret blaming the accident n yu.
regret t d
很遗憾的去做某事
I regret t infrm yu the bad news.
need
need ding
主动表被动
I dn’t need warning again.
need t d
表主动
I need t repair my ld car.
try
try ding
试着做做
If yu dn’t want t lk at ads in the newspapers, try netwrking.
try t d
努力尝试做某事
I tried t imprve my resumes.
mean
mean ding
意味着
Lsing a bus in Lndn means waiting fr anther hur.
mean t d
打算做
I mean t g, but my father wuld nt allw me t.
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