专题20 非谓语动词- 高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（北京专用）

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非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同，而且还要格外注意其所表达的逻辑关系，这些都是非谓语动词用法的难点。
近年来，北京高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。
非谓语动词在北京近五年高考中的考查主要有：
不定式:
1．不定式作的句法功能（目的状语、定语、宾补、主语和宾语）；
2．不定式的一些固定搭配、固定句型；
3. 不定式的各种形式及其意义。
动词ing:
1．动词ing作的句法功能；
2. 动词ing的各种形式及其意义。
过去分词:
1．过去分词作状语；
2．过去分词作定语；
3. 过去分词作宾补；
4. 过去分词与现在分词的辨析。
题型01 动词不定式
【题型诠释】
【典例】
【2024北京卷】 Slwing dwn can cntribute significantly t persnal grwth. Taking the time ___11___ (rest) allws us t develp a deeper sense f ___12___ (self-aware).
题型02 动名词
【题型诠释】
【典例】
【2024北京卷】 Just then, sme kids ran at him, ___19___ (knck) his bks ut f his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass.
题型03 现在分词
【题型诠释】
【典例】
【2023北京卷】Mangrves, knwn as “red frest” in China, grw between land and sea, characterised by their cmplex rts. When 14 (see) frm afar, the mangrve frests appear mre splendid.
题型04 过去分词：dne
【题型诠释】
注意：非谓语动词本身不能表示现在和过去。非谓语动词表示进行、将来和完成时是相对于谓语动作来说的：和谓语动作同时发生表示进行；发生在谓语动作之后表示将来；发生在谓语动作之前表示完成。
【典例】
【2022年北京卷】Why d humans prefer sme smells ver thers? One thery, increasingly ____14____ (supprt) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned.
【高考真题】
1.【2024北京卷】 Slwing dwn can cntribute significantly t persnal grwth. Taking the time ___11___ (rest) allws us t develp a deeper sense f ___12___ (self-aware).
2.【2024北京卷】And when ___16___ (ask) abut his new title, he shared the secret: mderatin (适度).
3.【2024北京卷】 Just then, sme kids ran at him, ___19___ (knck) his bks ut f his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass.
4.【2023北京卷】Mangrves, knwn as “red frest” in China, grw between land and sea, characterised by their cmplex rts. When 14 (see) frm afar, the mangrve frests appear mre splendid.
5.【2023北京卷】She called fr actin 19 (address)the struggles f peple arund the wrld 20 (face) “t little water r t dirty water”. Her effrts have encuraged thers t take part by running thrugh a glbal campaign called“Run Blue”.
6.【2022年北京卷】 Fearful that he might have an intentin ____12____ (harm) her, Helen started t run.
7.【2022年北京卷】Why d humans prefer sme smells ver thers? One thery, increasingly ____14____ (supprt) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned.
【2021年北京卷】There ____17____(be) a dramatic rise in the number f extreme weather events ver the past 20 years,____18____(cause) largely by rising glbal temperatures,accrding t a new reprt frm the United Natins.
9.【2021年北京卷】Frm 2000 t 2019, there were 7,348 majr natural disasters arund the wrld,____19____(result) in USD 2,970 billin in ecnmic lss．Much f this increase can be due t climate change.
10.【2021年北京卷】The findings shw a critical need ____20____ (invest) in disaster preventin.
11.【2020年北京卷】Single-use plastic bags are used at mst a few times befre they___4___(thrw) away. It takes them hundreds f years___5___(break) dwn. Many f these bags end up in the cean where larger nes can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dlphins.
12.【2020年北京卷】A piece f stne___8___(find) n a Dutch beach suggests that ur extinct human relatives, knwn as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previusly thught.
考查非谓语动词。句意：在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明，我们已经灭绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为suggests，设空处在句中作非谓语和逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系。故答案为fund。
【最新模考】
【2024年北京市西城区高三二模】A persn’s memry is like a hall with many rms, sme visited frequently, thers untuched 15 years. With age, smetimes, drs t certain memries becme lcked, requiring a special key 16 (access) them. These keys ften cme in the frm f specific sensry inputs—smething yu see, smell, tuch, taste, r hear. When a sensry input stimulates receptrs, signals are sent alng nerve cells t the brain, 17 they are prcessed and interpreted. The way ur senses cnnect with ur memries shws hw cmplex ur minds are. Knwing this helps us understand hw ur past affects hw we see and act in the present.
【2024年北京交通大学附中高三三模】Imagine 15 (abandn) at the age f 6 by his pr parents! Charles Mulli was frced t becme a street beggar in rder t survive. Yet even in the midst f his pverty and despair, he still dreamed f being an imprtant man smeday. He 16 (labr) at many difficult jbs fr the fllwing several years. Mulli then saved mney and bught a car. That was 17 he began using as a taxi and in time, he started a transprtatin service cmpany with a fleet f vehicles. All f his hard wrk turned Mull int a millinaire and an imprtant man.
【2024年人大附中高三三模】Sme university students carried ut a campaign 14 they celebrated their whle day withut cell phnes This mve was 15 (imprve) their relatinships with their near and dear nes and t keep them away frm the virtual life. Studies indicate that a majrity f yung peple use their phnes during lessns, ver family meals r even at the cinema. The prblem f phne addictin has been bserved since a few years ag, with experts and psychlgists 16 (try) t increase awareness abut this prblem.
（2024·北京朝阳·二模）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
An elderly cuple has becme stars in the marathn cmmunity. 18 (win) at least 200 medals frm sprts meetings in the past ten years, they are regarded as rle mdels by many peple. Initially, the cuple started running just 19 (imprve) their health. Later, they decided t challenge themselves and signed up fr a marathn. Thugh neither f them had run a full marathn befre, they managed t cmplete it. They believe n matter 20 age it is, the marathn spirit f fighting t the end is essential.