Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city park.单元知识点逐页归纳 人教版英语八年级下册

这是一份Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city park.单元知识点逐页归纳 人教版英语八年级下册，共7页。
人教版8下unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city park.单元知识点逐页归纳必考单词：1.clean(v.)使清洁，清扫，除去…的灰尘（adj.）清洁的 do some cleaning做扫除 keep our classroom clean保持教室干净 2.volunteer(n.)志愿者(v.)当志愿者，自愿做，义务做 3.sign( n.)记号，符号，信号，暗号， (v.)签名，签字，用信号表示 4.notice (n.)通知，通告，注意，布告，警告（v.）注意.通知，留心，关照，注意到 5.lonely (adj.)孤独的，寂寞的 6.alone (adv.)独自，单独=(do sth)by oneself 7.fix (v.)修理，安装，组装（动名词：fixing.过去式：fixed注意：双写规则中以x ,y, w结尾的单词除外，如play/playing/played;draw/drawing/drew）8.letter:信件，字母 9.difficulty (名词n)困难的事情，难题，困难。（形容词：difficult困难的）10.open (v.)打开，开放(adj.)开着的，开放的，营业中的11.train(n.)火车，列车(v.)训练，培训 12.excited(人)感到兴奋的，觉得激动的 （exciting(事物)令人兴奋的，令人激动的）13.kindness(n.)仁慈，善良 kind（adj）仁慈的，善良的，好心的 14.understand 理解，明白，领会（过去式understood）15.interest(n.)兴趣，关注（v.）使感兴趣，使关注，产生兴趣( interested (adj.)感兴趣的 be interested in…对….感兴趣get interested in…对…..产生兴趣) 必会短语：（page 9）1.help to do sth.帮着做某事（to可以省略，即构成help do sth.还可以构成help sb to do sth帮助某人做某事） 2.clean up打扫或清除干净（代词it/them放中间）3.offer help提供帮助4.in the picture在图片中5.hope to do sth希望做某事6.work outside在外工作7.visit sick children 看望生病的孩子8.stop hunger阻止/制止饥饿（hunger名词：饥饿；hungry形容词：饥饿的）9.cheer up使振奋，使高兴（代词him,her,them等放中间）10.give out food分发食品11.at the food bank在食品站；在救济食物发放中心；在食物救济站12.in an after-school study program在一个课后学习项目中(page 10)1.a group of students 一群/一组学生2.a City Park Clean-Up Day城市公园扫除日3.two weeks from now两周后，从现在开始两个星期4.make a plan/make some plans(to do sth)制定计划(做某事)5.make some notices做些公告牌，制定通知6.ask sb to do sth叫某人做某事（ask them to come叫他们来）7.come up with想出，提出（主意/计划/回答）8.an old people’s home一个老人院（养老院，敬老院）9，this summer今年夏天10.last summer去年夏天11.help out with在（某方面）帮一把，帮助解决困难 12.things like….像…...样的事情13，read the/a newspaper读报14.talk to sb.对某人说话（talk with sb.和某人交谈，talk about sth谈论关于…）15.tell sb.stories给某人讲故事16.used to be过去常常是什么或是怎么样的 （used to do sth过去常常做某事）17.listen to sb听某人18.care for sb照顾/照料某人care about关心，在意 19.you’re right.你是正确的。20.I mean, 我指的是，我的意思是，21.one day某一天 22.stories about the past关于过去的故事23.the past过去，以前（page 11.）1,volunteer to do sth 自愿做某事 2.(sb)from Riverside High School来自河滨高中的（某人）3.several hours几小时，数小时4，each week每一周 5.love animals喜欢动物6.want to be想成为/想是7.an animal doctor一个动物医生8.every Saturday morning 每个周六早上9，get his future dream job得到他未来梦想的工作10.hard work艰苦的工作（劳动）11.get such a strong feeling of satisfaction产生如此强烈的一种满足感（get：产生，形成，/得到，获得，/变得，变为；such a/an +adj+n.一个如此怎么样的人或物，=so +adj+a/a+n. 例如1. Shanghai is such a big city.==Shanghai is so big a city. 2. This is such an interesting book.== This is so interesting a book.） 12.see sb do sth.看见某人做过某事13.get better变得更好，逐渐好转14，the look of joy on one’s face在某人脸上的喜悦的表情15.at the age of four在四岁时（=when sb was four years old.当某人四岁时。）16，decide to do sth.决定做某事17.try out（ for）试用， 竞争，参加选拔18.after-school reading program课后阅读项目19.once a week一周一次20.learn to read学习阅读(learn to do sth学习做某事) 21.sit in the library坐在图书馆 22.in their eyes在他们眼中 23.go on a different journey经历一种别样的…之旅24.a dream come true(固定用法)梦想成真，梦想成为现实25.do what I love to do做我想做的事情26.at the same time（在）同时27.volunteer to help others自愿帮助别人28.work for…为….工作29.have a dream job有一份梦想的工作（page 12.）1.help homeless people帮助无家可归的人2.make some signs制作一些标志牌 3.put up 张贴，悬挂，举起4.around the school在学校周围 5.hand out分发6.call up 打电话给某人，征召7.put off推迟8.next summer下个夏天，明年夏天 9.be busy with sth忙于某事(be busy doing sth忙于做某事)10.at least 至少11.try to do sth努力做某事，尽力做某事12.primary school小学13.tell sb about sth告诉某人关于某事14.the book sale 图书特价活动，图书特卖15.most people大多数人 16.be worried about=worry about 担心，焦虑17.get good jobs找到好职业/工作18.make lots of money挣大量的钱，赚大量的钱19.in their free time在他们的空闲时间 20.(do sth)for fun（做某事）取乐/娱乐 21.few people 几乎很少的人，几乎没有人22.many people许多人23.less lucky 更不幸运的 24.a good way一种好办法，一种好的方式/途径25.spend our free time度过/打发空闲时光 26.for example 例如 27.make plans to do sth制定计划做某事 28.raise money for…为….筹钱29.stop doing sth停止做某事（stop to do sth停下来去做某事） 30.for a few months to a year达到数月至一年 31.move to another place搬到另外一个地方32.one of the countries in Africa一个非洲的国家（在非洲的国家之一）33.help people there帮助那儿的人/在那儿帮助他人 34.at 12:00 midnight在午夜12点 35.summer vacation暑假 36.travel alone 独自旅行（page 13）1.take after(外貌或行为)像…. 2.fix up 修理，装饰，组装 3.give away 捐赠，赠送 4.repair sth修理某物 5. I don't have any more of it. 我再也没有它了./ 我不再拥有它了6.be similar to 与…相似 7.a children’s home儿童之家8.old clothes旧衣服 9.broken bicycle parts破损的自行车部分一单元语法： 1.说“自己”的反身代词（1）反身代词的意义：表示反射或强调自己的代词叫反身代词，意为“自己，本身”；为加强语气，常译为“亲自”。 （表示动作行为反射到行为执行者本身。它还可以在句中起到强调的作用，用以加强语气。 ）（2）反身代词的构成:第一人称、第二人称的反身代词由形容词性物主代词加self或selves构成,第三人称的反身代词由人称代词的宾格加self或selves构成。如下表：人称数 第一人称 第二人 称 第三人称单数 myself yourself himself herself itself复数 ourselves yourselves themselves英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。①作宾语 He fell down and hurt himself. 他摔倒了，伤了自己。We should take good care of ourselves.我们应该照顾好我们自己。They teach themselves English.他们自学英语。Maria bought herself a scarf. 玛丽亚给自己买了一条围巾。 We must look after ourselves very well. 我们必须好好照顾自己。 ②作主语或宾语的同位语，加强语气.You must do it yourself.（主语同位语）你必须自己做。You may go and ask the teacher himself.（宾语同位语）你可以去问老师本人。She herself will fly to London tomorrow. 明天她自己将要坐飞机去伦敦。 I met the writer himself last week. 我上周见到了那位作家本人。③作表语：Just be yourself.做你自己就好了。She isn’t quite herself today. 她今天身体不太舒服。【小提示】：第二人称反身代词在用时一定要根据句意确定用yourself还是yourselves。Help yourselves to some fish, kids.孩子们，随便吃些鱼。（kids是复数，故用yourselves）反身代词还常用在by之后表示“靠某人自己”。do sth by oneself=do sth alone独自做某事Aron saved his own life by himself.阿伦靠自己救了自己的命。I can do it by myself.我可以自己做。4. 用在某些固定短语当中。 照顾某人自己 look after oneself / take care of oneself 自学teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快enjoy oneself 请自用…..（随便吃/喝些„„）help oneself to sth. 伤到某人自己 hurt oneself 自言自语 say to oneself 沉浸于，陶醉于…..之中lose oneself in … 把某人单独留下 leave sb. by oneself 给自己买某种东西 buy oneself sth. 介绍某人自己 introduce oneselfNotice（注意）: 1. 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。 I myself can finish my homework. = I can finish my homework myself. 2. 反身代词表示“某人自己”，如果要表达“某人自己的（东西）”时，须要用“one’s +own+名词”如：I’m drawing with my own pencils. 我用我自己的铅笔画画。 填空练习： 1. My classmate, Li Ming, made a card for _______ just now. 2. Bad luck! I cut _______ with a knife yesterday. 3. They tell us they can look after __________ very well. 4. My cat can find food by _____. 5. Help __________ to some beef, boys. 选择练习：（ ）1. Mr. More has more money than Mr. Little. But he doesn’t enjoy ___. A. he B. him C. his D. himself （ ） 2. Lily was 9 years old. ___ was old enough to go to school ___. A. She, she B. She, herself C. Her, herself D. Her, She （ ）3. I made the cake by ___. Help ___, Tom. A. ourselves, yourself B. myself, yourself C. myself, you D. me, him （ ）4. Who taught ___ history last year? Nobody! He learned it ___. A. him, himself B. his, himself C. himself, himself D. his, him (page 14.)1.thank someone who helps you感谢某个帮助你的人 2.write a/the letter to sb给某人写一封/这封信 3.part of speech词性，词类 4，the word’s meaning 单词的意思 5.would like to do sth.愿意做某事，想做某事 6.thank you for doing sth 因做某事而感谢你/感谢你做了某事7.give sth to sb 把某物给某人=give sb sth.给某人某物（注意：当sth 是代词时,只能用give sth to sb 这个句型,因此不能说give me it/them,只能说give it/them to me）8.I’m sure …我确信 9.set up 建立，设立（be set up被建立）10.help disabled people (like me)帮助(像我这样的)残疾人 11. make it possible for sb to do sth 使得某人有可能做某事（it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式to do sth）（另外：make sb/sth +adj(形容词)使某人/某物怎么样） 12.make a big difference to（my life）对（我的生活）产生巨大影响 13.tell sb sth告诉某人某事tell you my story告诉你我的故事14.What would it be like?它将是像什么样的？What would it be like to be blind or deaf?成了瞎的或聋的将像怎么样的呢？（此句中it 代替句末的动词不定式to be blind or deaf）15.use your hands easily轻松地使用你的双手（副词easily放动作后面修饰该动作，再如：轻松地学习英语learn English easily迅速地到达医院get to the hospital quickly 慢慢站起来stand up slowly认真地听老师讲课listen to the teacher carefully）16.have these difficulties有这些困难，有这些难处 17.use sth well 很好地使用某物（副词well放动词后修饰该动作，表示好好地做某事或者做某事做得好,如:play soccer well足球踢得好）18.normal things (like ….)(像….那样的)正常事情/普通的事情19.answer the telephone接电话 20.open and close doors开关门 21.carry things搬东西 22.one day last year去年的某一天 23.a friend of mine我的一个朋友 24.help sb out帮助某人解决难题，帮助某人摆脱困境 25.talk to sb about sth对某人说及某事talk with sb about sth.和某人谈论某事 26.a special trained dog一只特殊训练过的狗 27.be excited about… 对…..感到很激动 28.the idea of …（关于）……的主意 29.have a dog拥有一只狗 30.train with a dog和狗一起训练 31.be able to do sth能够做某事（一般现在时：am/is/are able to;过去式was/were able to ;将来时will be able to） 32.bring him home带他回家 33. feel very lucky 感到很幸运 34.because of your kindness因为你的仁慈/善良 35.give him orders给他指令（order命令; 次序n.）36.get my book取我的书 37.at once 立刻，马上=right away 38.a fantastic dog 一条极好的狗 39.send sb sth.送给/寄给某人某物 =send sth.to sb.把某物送/寄给某人 40，a photo of him 一张他的照片（照片上照的是“他”）a photo of his他的一张照片（照片上可能是他或者是其他的人或物品，只是这张照片是属于他拥有的）《类似：a photo of me一张我的相片/a photo of mine我的一张相片》 41.change my life改变我的生活 42.best wishes (to you)(给你)最好的祝愿，（致以）最美好的祝福(page15.)1.make your own sentences with these words用这些单词造出你自己的句子2.group 组，队（a group of…一队/组… in our group在我们小组）3.difficult(adj)困难的 difficulty----difficulties(n.)难处，困难（have difficulty with sth在某方面有困难；have difficulties（ in） doing sth.在做某事上有困难=have problems in doing sth=have trouble in doing sth.）4.be unable to 不能（be able to能）5.animals like Lucky像Lucky这样的动物 6.what other animals…? 其他什么动物…? 7.be a guide 成为一个向导（导游）8.at a museum在博物馆（page 16.）1.which volunteer job…?哪种志愿者工作….? 2.I’d like to (do sth)我愿意（做某事）3.I’m interested in (doing sth)我对做某事感兴趣4.（I want to）volunteer as… (我想)自愿担任/自愿充当/自愿作为 5.interests and hobbies兴趣与爱好（interest,名词：兴趣，趣味，感兴趣的事；动词：使产生兴趣，引起…的意愿）6.be good at sth/doing sth擅长某方面/擅长做某事7.be strong in sth/doing sth 在某事/做某事方面是强项，强于8.in my free time在我的空闲时间=when I’m free. 9.be free to do sth有空做某事10.Yours truly（信末敬语）你忠实的，你真挚的；鄙人，我；敬上，谨启 11.phrasal verb短语动词，动词词组12.a call-in-center呼入中心a call-in-center for parents 家长热线13.work out 产生结果,成功 work out fine 产生好效果，结果很好补充：重点句子① I’d like to thank you for giving money to Animal Helpers. 　② I’m sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me. 　③ You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. 在你的帮助下,我才有可能拥有“幸运儿”。　④ Lucky makes a difference to my life. ⑤ The old man lives alone, but he doesn’t feel lonely.书面表达范例 Dear Bruce, I am a volunteer in Saving the Environment Club of my school. Last Saturday, I did some volunteer work with other volunteers. Some of us put up posters. Some handed out advertisements. Others swept the streets. We also helped clean up the city parks. When we finished all the work, we were very tired but felt very happy at the same time. I think it’s fantastic to be a volunteer. What do you think of volunteering? Please write back soon! Yours, Li Dong二单元语法：动词不定式（1）动词不定式的构成：to+动词原形，没有人称和数的变化。（格式：to do/to be）（2）动词不定式的否定形式：not+to+动词原形) （格式：not to do/not to be）（3）功能：动词不定式在句中可以充当宾语、宾语补足语、状语以及主语、表语、定语等。①作宾语，动词不定式可以用在一些及物动词之后作宾语。如try，remember，hope等。We hope to leave at once.我们希望马上离开。He’ll try not to be late again.他将设法不再迟到。【巧记接动词不定式作宾语的动词】三个希望（hope，wish，expect）两需要（want，need），设法（try）同意（agree ）作准备（prepare）。开始（start，begin）计划（plan）莫忘记（forget），记着（remember）决 定（decide）能学会（learn）。②作宾语补足语。1）在ask, tell, want, would like, order等动词（短语）后接宾语补足语，必须带to。The doctor told him to drink more water.医生告诉他要多喝水。2）在使役动词make, let, have和感官动词see, hear, watch, feel等后，不带to(但变为被动语态时不定式要带to)。例如：The boss made them work the whole night.老板迫使他们工作了一整夜。【被动句则为They were made by the boss to work the whole night.】【记牢宾补不带to，一感、二听要仔细。三让 四看记心间，半个帮助最相宜。】（一感：feel；二听：hear，listen to ；三让：let，make，have；四看：see， watch，look at，notice；半个帮助：help，可带to也可不带）③作状语，表示目的、原因、结果等。He would have to do something to save his own life.他将不得不做某些事情来拯救自己的生命。 After that, he climbed down the mountain to find help.在那之后，他爬下山去寻求帮助。We are working hard to make a better life.我们努力工作目的是使我们的生活更美好。We went to Dongshan Park to see the monkeys.我们去东山公园看猴子。We can do sports to keep healthy. We play ping-pong to relax(放松) ourselves on weekends.④作表语。The difficulty is to stop people killing animals.困难是阻止人们杀死动物。（stop sb doing sth阻止某人做某事）⑤作定语，通常位于所修饰词之后。The re is no more room to live in.再也没有地方可住了。(没有可住的地方了。)something to eat一些吃的东西；something to drink一些喝的东西⑥作主语，常用it作形式主语代替动词不定式，以免句子头重脚轻。To learn English is important for us.学英语对我们来说是重要的。＝It is important for us to learn English.［拓展延伸］不定式的几种常用句型有：（1）ask/tell/order sb.(not) to do sth.意为“要求/告诉/命令某人（不）做某事”。The teacher told us to bring our dictionaries.老师告诉我们带字典来。I asked him not to open the window.我要求他不要开窗。（2）“too+形容词/副词+to do sth.”意为“太……以至于不能做某事”。The question is too difficult for me to answer.这个问题对我来说太难回答。He is too young to go to school.他太小而不能去上学。The man was too tired to walk.这个人太累而走不动了。（3）It’s (was)+形容词+of (for) sb. +to do sth.意为“对某人来说做某事是……”。It’s kind of you to help me.您能帮我，真是太好了。It’s easy for us to learn English well.对我们来说，学好英语很容易。（4 ）...enough to do sth.意为“足够做某事”。（enough前面会使用相关的形容词或副词）He is old enough to dress himself.他年龄足够大，可以自己穿衣服。（5）It takes sb. some time to do sth.“做某事花费某人多长时间”。It takes her an hour to do her homework every night.每晚做作业花费她一个小时的时间。