专题12 完形填空记叙文 -高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（新高考通用）

专题12 完形填空记叙文目录 TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898652" 题型综述 2 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898652" 解题攻略 3 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898653" 题型01 词汇辨析题 3 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898654" 题型02 逻辑推理题 5 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898655" 题型03 上下文语境题 8 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898656" 题型04 固定搭配题  PAGEREF _Toc148898656 \h 9题型05 生活常识 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898656" 题  PAGEREF _Toc148898656 \h 9 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc148898657" 高考练场  PAGEREF _Toc148898657 \h 10题型简介高考英语完形填空记叙文，是以记人叙事为主要内容的短文挖空题型。文章通常选取生活趣事、个人成长经历、感人故事等贴近学生生活体验或社会百态的素材，借助丰富生动的语言，按照事件发展的时间顺序、因果关系等来推进情节。要求学生基于对篇章语境的理解，填补空缺词汇，综合考查词汇运用、语法知识、阅读理解以及逻辑推理能力。命题类型词汇辨析题：重点考查考生对词汇的理解和运用能力，包括动词、名词、形容词、副词等实词的使用，题目会依据上下文语境，精准考察最恰当的用词选择。逻辑推理题：考查考生对文章情节发展和逻辑关系的理解，需要根据上下文的线索进行推理。上下文语境题：需依据故事发展脉络、人物情感变化来推断空缺处内容。倘若前文提到主角心情低落，后文填空处大概率与缓解低落情绪的行为或事物相关。固定搭配题：涉及动词短语、介词短语、形容词短语等固定组合的运用。学生得熟悉这类搭配规则，依语境填空。生活常识题：利用普遍生活经验、社会风俗来辅助解题。若描述野餐场景，填空可能涉及野餐常见用品，从常识角度能辅助判断。解题思路通读全文，了解大意：跳过空格，快速浏览记叙文，明晰故事主人公是谁，发生了什么事，事情的起因、经过与大致结果，勾勒事件轮廓，为后续填词奠定语境基础。瞻前顾后，初定答案：开始逐空分析，研读空格前后句子，从词汇搭配、语法规则、逻辑关系出发，初步筛选可能选项。如果空格前是 “be” 动词，后面大概率填形容词或过去分词，缩小选择范围。代入复查，确定答案：把初步选定的词代入原文空格，通读全文，核查填入后是否契合语境，语法有无错误，情感逻辑是否连贯。重点排查一词多义情况，看所选词在此语境下语义是否精准。若读起来拗口、语义突兀，要及时调整答案。重视首句，留意末段：首句常点明记叙文主题，奠定故事基调；末段往往包含故事结局或关键感悟。二者蕴含丰富线索，解题全程都应反复回顾，从中获取关键信息辅助判断。 题型01 词汇辨析题 联系前后文：词汇的意义往往要根据上下文来确定，所以要认真阅读空格前后的句子，寻找与选项词汇相关的线索，如近义词、反义词、解释说明等。把握语篇逻辑：注意文章中的逻辑关系词，如 but、however、therefore、besides 等，它们能帮助判断句子之间的逻辑关系，从而确定合适的词汇。（23-24高三·四川成都·期末）We never stop learning. The most important skill I 31 at school was keeping a routine. 31．A．made up B．picked up C．put off D．held back【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我在学校学到的最重要的技能是保持日常生活的习惯。A. made up弥补；B. picked up学习；C. put off推迟；D. held back撤回。根据空后“at school”可知（湖北省十一校2024-2025学年高三上学期12月联考）It was 2017 when the accident occurred. That day it started to rain when I ____21____ to stop just inches from the car ahead. Before I sighed with ____22____, my car was hit hard from behind.____23____, I was unharmed and stepped out to ____24____ the situation. The girl who had hit me was in tears. She ____25____ to me and explained that her brakes (刹车) had taken longer to ____26____ because of the slippery road. Minutes later, a policeman ____27____ and directly issued the girl a ticket for “failure to control speed”, and several other offenses, which could have led to the ____28____ of her license. The girl was extremely upset, but she was helpless against the result. I comforted her that it wasn’t her ____29____ and promised to help..........21. A. managed B. hesitated C. failed D. refused22. A. disappointment B. excitement C. regret D. relief23. A. Hopefully B. Thankfully C. Strangely D. Importantly24. A. improve B. clarify C. assess D. monitor25. A. whispered B. mentioned C. apologized D. described26. A. refresh B. recover C. repair D. respond27. A. turned up B. sped by C. stepped aside D. showed off28. A. limitation B. cancellation C. explanation D. collection29. A. weakness B. effort C. excuse D. fault【答案】21. A 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个下雨天作者的车被一个女孩的车追尾，女孩被警察开罚单，面临吊销驾照的处罚。作者决定为无过错的她出庭作证，如实陈述了当时的情况，法官听后撤销了对女孩的指控。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天，天开始下雨了，我设法把车停在离前面汽车只有几英寸的地方。A. managed设法做到；B. hesitated犹豫；C. failed失败；D. refused拒绝。根据下文“Minutes later, a policeman _______ and directly issued the girl a ticket for “failure to control speed”, and several other offenses”可知，警察给追尾的女孩开了罚单，由此可知，作者没有过错，尽管雨天路滑，还是设法把车停在离前面汽车只有几英寸的地方。故选A。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：还没等我松一口气，我的车就被后面重重地撞了一下。A. disappointment失望；B. excitement兴奋；C. regret后悔；D. relief宽慰。根据下文“Minutes later, a policeman ______ and directly issued the girl a ticket for “failure to control speed”, and several other offenses”可知，警察给追尾的女孩开了罚单，事故责任被认为在这个女孩，由此可知，作者是为自己勉强安全停下而庆幸，relief“宽慰”符合语境，短语sigh with relief意为“松一口气”。故选D。【23题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：谢天谢地，我没有受伤，走出去评估了一下情况。A. Hopefully有希望地；B. Thankfully感激地；C. Strangely奇怪地；D. Importantly重要地。根据下文“I was unharmed”可知，作者没有受伤，因此是心怀感激，即谢天谢地。故选B。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：谢天谢地，我没有受伤，走出去评估了一下情况。A. improve改善；B. clarify澄清；C. assess评估；D. monitor监测。根据上文“my car was hit hard from behind”可知，作者的车被后面重重地撞了一下，因此会走出去评估情况。故选C。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她向我道歉，并解释说，由于路面滑，她的刹车反应较慢。A. whispered低语；B. mentioned提及；C. apologized道歉；D. described描述。根据上文“The girl who had hit me was in tears.”可知，撞了作者的那个女孩哭了，由此可知，她很愧疚，会向作者道歉。故选C。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她向我道歉，并解释说，由于路面滑，她的刹车反应较慢。A. refresh使恢复精力；B. recover恢复；C. repair修理；D. respond反应。根据此时发生了追尾事故的情境，以及上文“her brakes (刹车) had taken longer to”和下文“because of the slippery road”可知，女孩是解释事故发生的原因，指由于路面滑，她的刹车反应较慢。故选D。【27题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：几分钟后，一名警察出现，直接给这名女孩开了罚单，理由是“没有控制速度”，以及其他几项违规行为，这可能会导致她的驾照被吊销。A. turned up出现；B. sped by飞驰而过；C. stepped aside让开；D. showed off炫耀。根据此时发生了追尾事故的情境，以及下文“directly issued the girl a ticket for “failure to control speed”, and several other offenses”可知，警察出现了，直接给这名女孩开了罚单。故选A。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：几分钟后，一名警察出现，直接给这名女孩开了罚单，理由是“没有控制速度”，以及其他几项违规行为，这可能会导致她的驾照被吊销。A. limitation限制；B. cancellation取消；C. explanation解释；D. collection收集。根据上文“directly issued the girl a ticket for “failure to control speed”, and several other offenses”可推知，没有控制速度，以及其他几项违规行为导致的罚单可能会导致女孩的驾照被吊销。故选B。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我安慰她说这不是她的错，并答应帮助她。A. weakness弱点；B. effort努力；C. excuse借口；D. fault过错。根据下文“I also ____13____ the girl wasn’t to blame.”可知，作者认为这不是女孩的错，由此可知，他在安慰她说这不是她的错。故选D。题型02 逻辑推理题 理解文章主旨：把握中心思想：浏览文章，了解文章的中心思想和主题。这有助于理解文章的整体逻辑结构。关注首尾段落：首尾段落通常包含文章的主旨和总结，对理解文章逻辑有重要作用。分析段落关系：段落功能：明确每个段落的功能，如引言、论述、举例、总结等。这有助于理解段落之间的逻辑关系。过渡词句：注意段落之间的过渡词句，如"however"、"furthermore"、"in conclusion"等，这些词句表明段落之间的逻辑关系。(河南省九师联盟2024-2025学年高三11月质量检测).......My love for theatre is ____25____. As early as middle school, I was ____26____ that I’d become a famous actress. In high school, I won tournaments several times in a classroom setting. But I broke out in a cold ____27____ at the thought of standing on the stage with lights and curtains. In college, I still failed to perform on stage because of my ____28____ of making a fool of myself in front of strangers. Life moved on. I ____29____ my dream of being on stage in favor of my family. Then, I realized one day how much I _____30_____ the theater. Therefore, when I spotted the ad for auditions, I gathered my _____31_____........25. A. symbolic B. endless C. admirable D. abnormal26. A. sad B. proud C. certain D. worried27. A. eye B. temperature C. shoulder D. sweat28. A. fear B. memory C. way D. hope29. A. called on B. put forward C. set aside D. reflected on30. A. required B. deserved C. missed D. represented31. A. courage B. reputation C. purpose D. capacity【答案】 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. C 31. A 【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章详细叙述了作者因对戏剧的热爱而鼓起勇气参加试镜的经历，包括之前的犹豫、决定、等待以及最终的试镜结果。【25题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我对戏剧的热爱无穷无尽。A. symbolic象征性的；B. endless无止境的；C. admirable令人钦佩的；D. abnormal异常的。根据下文“As early as middle school, I was ____6____ that I’d become a famous actress. In high school, I won tournaments several times in a classroom setting.”可知，作者非常热爱戏剧。故选B。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：早在中学时期，我就确信自己会成为一名著名的女演员。A. sad伤心的；B. proud自豪的；C. certain确定的；D. worried担忧的。根据“In high school, I won tournaments several times in a classroom setting.”可知，作者很确信自己会成为一个成功的女演员。故选C。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但一想到要站在有灯光和幕布的舞台上，我就会吓得出一身冷汗。A. eye眼睛；B. temperature温度；C. shoulder肩膀；D. sweat汗水。根据下文“In college, I still failed to perform on stage because of my ________ of making a fool of myself in front of strangers.”可推测，作者害怕站在舞台上；由此可知，一想到要站在有灯光和幕布的舞台上，作者就会吓出一身冷汗。故选D。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在大学里，我仍然因为害怕在陌生人面前出丑而没能上台表演。A. fear恐惧；B. memory记忆；C. way方式、方法；D. hope希望。根据上文“But I broke out in a cold ________ at the thought of standing on the stage with lights and curtains.”以及空前“I still failed to perform on stage”可推测，作者害怕在陌生人面前出丑。故选A。【29题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我为了家庭把站上舞台的梦想搁置一边。A. called on号召；B. put forward提出；C. set aside留出、搁置一边；D. reflected on反省。根据空后的“in favor of my family”可知，作者虽然喜欢表演，但是一直害怕走上舞台，随着生活的继续，作者又为了家庭把自己表演的梦想搁置一边。故选C。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，有一天我意识到自己是多么想念戏剧。A. required要求；B. deserved值得；C. missed错过、思念；D. represented代表。根据上文“My love for theatre”和“my dream of being on stage”可知，作者非常想念戏剧。故选C。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，当我看到试镜的广告时，我鼓起勇气。A. courage勇气；B. reputation名声；C. purpose目的；D. capacity能力。根据第一段“Finally, I said it out loud. “If you don’t get out of this car right now, I’ll never ____ you.” That did the ______ . I headed for the building where auditions (试镜) were going on for a community-theater production.”可知，作者鼓起勇气走进大楼参加试镜。故选A。（辽宁省名校2024年试题）One day, Tim came home from school. His face was filled with sadness and 21 . His classmate had said hurtful things to him, 22 Tim to feel upset and discouraged.21．A．hope B．confidence C．improvement D．anger22．A．confusing B．attracting C．causing D．Assisting【解析】根据句组间逻辑关系表并列sadness与anger; 22题因果关系。考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的脸上充满了悲伤和愤怒。A. hope希望；B. confidence自信；C. improvement 改善；D. anger生气。根据上文的“with sadness”和下文“His classmate had said hurtful things to him”可知，anger与sadness匹配，此处指蒂姆的表情是悲伤和生气的。故选D。22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的同学对他说了些伤人的话，使蒂姆感到沮丧和沮丧。A. confusing使困惑；B. attracting吸引；C. causing引起；D. assisting帮助。根据下文“Tim to feel upset and discouraged.”可知，同学们的行为引起Tim不好的情绪。故选C。【答案】21．D 22．C 题型03 上下文语境题 解决此类题型时，要求学生增强语篇逻辑意识，弄清文章内在逻辑关系，根据上下文内容，并适当进行逻辑推理来做出选择。先易后难，循序渐进和带入答案，查读验证仍然适用于夹叙夹议文类完形填空的解题。(2025届安徽省江淮十校高三上学期第二次联考) As I was getting ready to check out some books, I recalled that I needed to obtain a particular brand of canned cat food from the vet. Upon entering the veterinary clinic, I found the vet helper assisting other customers. While waiting in line for my turn, I____41____another gentleman come in and approach the counter. Seeing the anxious expression on his face, I offered to____42____him to be served first, remarking that I would go to the____43____meanwhile........【答案】41. B 42. B 43. D 【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者的小小善举得到回报的故事，这让作者意识到我们的世界对善意的行为是多么敏感，一个小小的举动可以以我们可能永远无法完全理解的方式传播并影响他人的生活。【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在排队等候时，我注意到另一位先生走了进来，走近柜台。A. whispered低声地说；B. observed注意到；C. stared盯着；D. listened听。根据下文“another gentleman come in and approach the counter.”可知，作者注意到另一位先生走了进来。故选B项。【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到他脸上焦虑的表情，我提出先给他服务，并说在此期间我要去图书馆。A. warn警告；B. allow允许；C. forbid禁止；D. prefer更喜欢。根据上文“Seeing the anxious expression on his face”可知，看到他脸上焦虑的表情，作者提出允许他先被服务。故选B项。【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到他脸上焦虑的表情，我提出先给他服务，并说在此期间我要去图书馆。A. college大学；B. market市场；C. theatre剧院；D. library图书馆。根据上文“As I was getting ready to check out some books”可知，作者在此期间要去图书馆。故选D项。题型04 固定搭配题 对于这类题型，学生在平时的学习中，要多掌握一些语法现象、多记多背一些固定结构和习惯搭配，并掌握它们的基本用法，这样就能够轻松解题了。（2024·江苏盐城·三模）Tucked away in Tongxiang city, Zhejiang province, the captivating water town of Puyuan is 1 in history and elegance. 1．A．shrouded B．soaked C．steeped D．submerged【解析 】这篇说明文主要介绍了位于浙江省桐乡市的濮院，是一个历史与优雅并存的迷人水乡。本题考查动词词义辨析兼顾运用与上句的平行关系。句意：坐落在浙江省桐乡的迷人水乡——濮院，历史与优雅并存。A. shrouded笼罩；B. soaked浸泡；C. steeped使沉浸；D. submerged淹没。根据句意以及下文“history and elegance”由此可知，此处应表示濮院沉浸在历史与优雅中。be steeped in“沉浸于”为固定短语。故选C项。【答案】C 题型05 生活常识题 解决此类题型时，应该把自己学到的有关文化背景知识和生活常识灵活运用，注意中西文化的一些差别。但有些没有定论的、或自己没有把握的知识，不能作为判断的依据，这时就要尊重原文的描述。（2024·河南·三模）If you 34 with social anxiety too, you may have experienced such things: 34．A．struggle B．assist C．deal D．engage【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你也在与社交焦虑作斗争，你可能经历过这样的事情。A. struggle挣扎，斗争；B. assist帮助；C. deal处理；D. engage参与。根据下文“with social anxiety too, you may have experienced such things”可知，此处应表示如果你也在与社交焦虑作斗争，你可能经历过这样的事情。故选A项。【答案】A (2024年新课标高考英语I卷)I’ve been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks’ achievements all my life.When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend ____41____ a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running ____42____, but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was ____43____ for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles. To be honest, I ____44____ it! Between the girl making my ____45____ seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only ____46____ I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!So I ____47____ cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I ____48____ of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at work one day, I ____49____ her bike and went for a ride. The ____50____: the roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such ____51____. That day, I got ____52____ by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as ____53____.I’ve ____54____ a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever ____55____ I set for myself, they just have to be my own.41. A. knew B. held C. won D. quit42. A. regularly B. silently C. proudly D. recently43. A. asking B. looking C. waiting D. training44. A. made B. believed C. hated D. deserved45. A. advantage B. achievement C. contribution D. influence46. A. way B. risk C. place D. reason47. A. gave up B. went on C. turned to D. dealt with48. A. heard B. dreamed C. complained D. approved49. A. painted B. borrowed C. bought D. parked50. A. problem B. secret C. principle D. advice51. A. dangers B. events C. opponents D. challenges52. A. passed B. convinced C. admired D. stopped53. A. reliable B. convenient C. familiar D. appealing54. A. traveled B. matured C. missed D. worried55. A. limits B. dates C. goals D. tests【答案】41. C 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. B 46. D 47. C 48. B 49. B 50. A 51. D 52. A 53. D 54. B 55. C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。它详细叙述了作者在不同阶段对不同运动（跑步和骑自行车）的兴趣和经历，并通过这些经历反映了作者的成长和心理变化。【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我十几岁的时候，一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。A. knew知道；B. held抓住；C. won赢得；D. quit退出。根据后文“Feeling motivated”可知，作者有了动力，所以此处应是一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。故选C项。【42题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：有了动力，我开始定期跑步，但后来发生了两件事。A. regularly有规律地；B. silently默默地；C. proudly自豪地；D. recently最近。根据前文“Feeling motivated” 可知，作者有了动力，所以应是定期跑步，符合语境。故选A项。【43题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，有一天我遇到的一个女孩告诉我，她正在为“超级”马拉松训练，指的是52.4英里的双马拉松。A. asking要求；B. looking看；C. waiting等待；D. training训练。根据后文“referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon”可知，女孩要跑双马拉松，所以此处应是为之训练，符合语境。故选D项。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：说实话，我讨厌它!A. made制作；B. believed相信；C. hated讨厌；D. deserved值得。根据前文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles.”以及后文“Between the girl making my seem small and the pure boredom of jogging”可知，作者最长跑了15 miles和女孩一比微不足道，所以是讨厌这个成绩。故选C项。【45题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个女孩面前，我的成就显得微不足道，再加上慢跑的无聊，我决定我再跑步的唯一理由就是有一只大狗在追我! A. advantage优势；B. achievement成就；C. contribution贡献；D. influence影响。根据前文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles.”以及后文“seem small”可知，作者最长跑了15 miles，而女孩在为52.4 miles做训练，所以应是作者的成就微不足道。故选B项。【46题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个女孩面前，我的成就显得微不足道，再加上慢跑的无聊，我决定我再跑步的唯一理由就是有一只大狗在追我!A. way方式；B. risk风险；C. place地方；D. reason理由。根据后文“I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!”可知，有一只大狗在追“我”，“我”才会再跑步，这里说的是跑步的原因。故选D项。【47题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以我开始骑自行车。A. gave up放弃；B. went on继续；C. turned to转向；D. dealt with处理。根据前文“I decided that the only I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!”可知，作者决定放弃跑步，所以此处应是转向骑自行车。故选C项。【48题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我梦想着参加自行车比赛，直到我飞到圣地亚哥去看我妹妹。A. heard听到；B. dreamed梦想；C. complained抱怨；D. approved批准。根据后文“of entering cycle races”结合选项可知，此处应是作者梦想着参加自行车比赛，符合语境。故选B项。【49题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天她上班的时候，我借了她的自行车去兜风。A. painted把……描绘成；B. borrowed借；C. bought买；D. parked停(车)。根据前文“I flew to San Diego to visit my sister”以及后文“went for a ride”可知，作者去看妹妹，所以要去骑行的话，应是向妹妹借自行车。故选B项。【50题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是：那里的道路穿过很大的山谷，我一次要骑上坡好几英里。A. problem问题；B. secret秘密；C. principle原则；D. advice建议。根据后文“I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such .”可知，作者要骑上坡好几英里，这对他来说，是一个问题。故选A项。【51题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有遇到过这样的挑战。A. dangers危险；B. events事件；C. opponents对手；D. challenges挑战。根据前文“The : The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time.”可知，作者要骑上坡好几英里，这对他来说是一个挑战。故选D项。【52题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：。那天，我被大约100个习惯了这种道路的“当地”骑自行车的人超过了。A. passed超过；B. convinced说服；C. admired欣赏；D. stopped阻止。根据前文“I’d never faced such .”可知，作者骑上坡好几英里是个挑战，所以是被很多人超过。故选A项。【53题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我回到家，突然骑自行车似乎不那么吸引人了。A. reliable可信赖的；B. convenient方便的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. appealing吸引人的。根据前文“That day, I got 　　　by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads.”可知，作者那天骑行被100多人超过，所以此时是觉得骑自行车似乎不那么吸引人了。故选D项。【54题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那以后我成熟了很多。A. traveled旅行；B. matured (情感和认识)成熟；C. missed思念；D. worried担心。根据后文“I’ve come to accept that whatever 　　　 I set for myself, they just have to be my own.”可知，作者不再轻易放弃，所以是成熟了很多。故选B项。【55题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我已经开始接受这样一个事实：无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的。A. limits限制；B. dates日期；C. goals目标；D. tests测试。根据后文“I set for myself, they just have to be my own.”可知，此处应是“无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的目标”，符合语境。故选C项。(2024年新课标高考英语II卷)When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago, I didn't think too long. I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to ___21___, Italy was the clear winner. During my first visit to Italy, I ___22___ to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to ___23___ a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and ___24___ my language skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language ___25___. After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how ___26___ Italians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to ___27___ me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. It's these small ___28___ of kindness that make a new country feel like home. As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my ___29___ quite like Italy. Each town has its own traditional ____30____, and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another. Families ____31____ for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can ____32____. These meals are always ____33____ by laughter and joy. Whatever ____34____ life in Italy might have, the problems are ____35____ once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.21. A. study B. rent C. visit D. settle22. A. planned B. struggled C. refused D. happened23. A. string B. hang C. mix D. match24. A. improved B. assessed C. admired D. praised25. A. course B. barrier C. area D. test26. A. open-minded B. strong-willed C. warm-hearted D. well-informed27. A. remind B. allow C. persuade D. order28. A. tricks B. promises C. acts D. duties29. A. ambition B. success C. appetite D. growth30. A. costume B. dish C. symbol D. tale31. A. gather B. cheer C. leave D. wait32. A. put up with B. stand up for C. come up with D. make up for33. A. signaled B. confirmed C. represented D. accompanied34. A. disadvantages B. meanings C. surprises D. opportunities35. A. created B. forgotten C. understood D. identified【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者十年前选择在意大利定居的原因以及意大利的风土人情。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析，句意：我喜欢在法国旅行，但当谈到选择我最喜欢的定居地点时，意大利显然是赢家。A. study学习；B. rent租金；C. visit游览；D. settle定居。根据下文“After I made Italy my permanent home”以及“make a new country feel like home”可推知，此处指作者最喜欢的定居地点。故选D。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析，句意：在我第一次访问意大利时，我很难问路或在餐馆点餐。A. planned计划；B. struggled斗争、吃力地进行；C. refused拒绝；D. happened出现、发生。根据上文“During my first visit to Italy”可推知，此处指作者第一次到意大利，语言不通，很难沟通交流。故选B。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析，句意：我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起，当地人对我微笑，称赞我的语言技能。A. string串起、连成一串；B. hang悬挂；C. mix混合；D. match配对。根据下文“a sentence of Italian together”可推知，此处指作者努力想用意大利语串成一句话。故选A。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析，句意：我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起，当地人对我微笑，称赞我的语言技能。A. improved改进；B. assessed评估；C. admired钦佩；D. praised赞扬。根据上文“the locals smiled at me”以及下文“That encouragement”可推知，此处指作者尝试说意大利语，当地人赞扬作者的语言能力。故选D。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析，句意：这种鼓励帮助我克服了语言障碍。A.course课程；B. barrier障碍；C. area区域；D. test测试。根据上文“the locals smiled at me and praised my language skills. That encouragement helped me”可推知，此处指当地人对作者的鼓励帮助他克服了语言障碍。故选B。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析，句意：当我把意大利作为永久的家后，我发现了意大利人是多么的热情。A. open-minded思想开明的；B. strong-willed思想坚定的；C. warm-hearted热心的；D. well-informed见多识广的。根据下文邻居的热心行为“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door”和“close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知，此处指邻居是热情的。故选C。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析，句意：邻居们会给我带来新鲜的奶酪，还会在下雨的时候来我家门前提醒我关上车窗。A. remind提醒；B. allow允许；C. persuade说服；D. order命令。根据上文“I discovered how warm-hearted Italians are”以及下文“will come to my door”可推知，此处指热心的邻居在下雨的时候来作者家门前提醒他关上车窗。故选A。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析，句意：正是这些小小的善举让一个新国家有家的感觉。A. tricks技巧；B. promises承诺；C. acts行为；D. duties职责。根据上文“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to remind me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知，此处指邻居们的善举。故选C。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析，句意：作为一个美食家，通往我内心的路是通过我的胃，没有什么地方能像意大利那样刺激我的食欲。A. ambition雄心；B. success成功；C. appetite食欲；D. growth发育。根据上文“As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach”可推知，此处指做这是一个美食家，所以应该是刺激食欲。故选C。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析，句意：每个城镇都有自己的传统菜肴，每个家庭都保存着代代相传的食谱。A. costume服装；B. dish菜肴；C. symbol符号；D. tale故事。根据上文“fuels my appetite”以及下文“every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another”可推知，此处指意大利各地都有传统菜肴。故选B。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析，句意：一家人在星期天、生日以及他们能想出的任何其他借口聚在一起吃大餐。A. gather集合；B. cheer欢呼；C. leave留下；D. wait等待。根据上文“Families”以及下文“with friends and family”可推知，此处指一家人聚集在一起吃饭。故选A。【32题详解】考查动词短语辨析，句意：一家人在星期天、生日以及他们能想出的任何其他借口聚在一起吃大餐。A. put up with克服；B. stand up for支持；C. come up with想出；D. make up for弥补。根据上文“whatever other excuses they can”可推知，此处指家人们为了聚在一起吃饭而想出的理由。故选C。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析，句意：这些饭菜总是伴随着笑声和喜悦。A. signaled示意；B. confirmed确认；C. represented代表；D. accompanied伴随。根据下文“by laughter and joy”可推知，此处指家人们在一起用餐时伴随着欢声笑语。固定搭配“accompany by”译为“伴随”。故选D。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析，句意：无论意大利的生活有什么缺点，一旦你和朋友和家人坐下来吃顿大餐，这些问题就会被遗忘。A. disadvantages缺点；B. meanings含义；C. surprises惊喜；D. opportunities机会。根据上文“Whatever”以及下文“the problems”可推知，此处指在意大利的生活有什么不如意之处。故选A。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析，句意：无论意大利的生活有什么缺点，一旦你和朋友和家人坐下来吃顿大餐，这些问题就会被遗忘。A. created创建；B. forgotten忘记；C. understood理解；D. identified确认。根据上文“Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have, the problems”以及下文“once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family”可推知，此处指无论在意大利的生活有什么不如意之处，跟家人们吃一顿饭就会忘记不愉快。故选B。(2024年1月浙江省高考英语首考卷)While taking a 20-hour train ride along the edge of the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China, I had the kind of humbling, educational, and above all else, wonderful ____21____ with a local that all travelers long for. A young Chinese man ____22____ me on the train. My ____23____ friend spoke virtually no English, so I happily took the ____24____ to practice my Chinese. Over several hours, he would tell me about how he had ____25____ a two-year professional school to quickly find a job ____26____ highways in order to help support his family. Perhaps the most ____27____, however, was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor. Without batting an eye, he would ____28____ a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American ____29____ as a whole. ”And what do you all learn about Russian authors?” I ____30____ him asking at one point. It would have been easy to ____31____ my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home. But this highly informed, ____32____ , and admirable person prevented me doing so. In the course of a couple of hours, he ____33____ me just how much one can gain from ____34____ with an open mind, and a willingness to ____35____ with locals from all walks of life.experiment B. encounter C. competition D. appointmenttreated B. saved C. lectured D. approachedtrue B. so-called C. new D. long-lostchance B. advice C. trouble D. rightvisited B. financed C. attended D. foundedbuilding B. sweeping C. checking D. guardingtypical B. obvious C. natural D. remarkablepublish B. quote C. сорy D. downloadwriters B. historians C. workers D. studentsA.anticipate B. imagine C. recall D. catchlook into B. rely on C. go over D. deal withwell-behaved B. multi-skilled C. warm-hearted D. self-educatedasked B. warned C. showed D. promisedtraveling B. reading C. searching D. teachingcooperate B. side C. negotiate D. engage【答案】21. B 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. B 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一次在火车上偶遇了一个年轻的中国男子，在交谈中发现，年轻人见多识广、自学成才，是一个令人钦佩的人。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在中国西北部的塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘坐了20个小时的火车时，其间我与一个当地人有了一种谦卑、有教育意义的，最重要的是，美妙的邂逅，这是所有旅行者都渴望的。A. experiment实验；B. encounter邂逅；C. competition比赛；D. appointment任命。根据后文“with a local that all travelers long for”指作者和当地人有了一次美妙的邂逅。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位年轻的中国男子在火车上向我走来。A. treated对待；B. saved拯救；C. lectured演讲；D. approached靠近。根据后文“me on the train”以及后文两人交谈，可知一位年轻的中国男子在火车上向作者走来。故选D。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的新朋友几乎不会说英语，所以我很高兴地抓住这个机会练习我的中文。A. true真的；B. so-called所谓的；C. new新的；D. long-lost很久不见的。根据上文“A young Chinese man”可知，两人是在火车上认识的，所以是新朋友。故选C。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的新朋友几乎不会说英语，所以我很高兴地抓住这个机会练习我的中文。A. chance机会；B. advice建议；C. trouble麻烦；D. right权利。根据后文“to practice my Chinese”可知，作者抓住这个机会练习中文。故选A。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时里，他会告诉我他是如何参加了一个为期两年的专业学校，以便迅速找到一份工作，修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。A. visited拜访；B. financed提供资金；C. attended参加，上(学)；D. founded成立。根据后文“a two-year professional school”可知，指这个年轻人去上了一个为期两年的专业学校。故选C。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时里，他会告诉我他是如何参加了一个为期两年的专业学校，以便迅速找到一份工作，修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。A. building修建；B. sweeping打扫；C. checking检查；D. guarding守卫。根据后文“highways in order to help support his family”可知，年轻人修建高速公路，以帮助支持他的家庭。故选A。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，也许最值得注意的是这个人每天在辛苦的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习。A. typical典型的；B. obvious显然的；C. natural自然的；D. remarkable引人注目的。根据后文“this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor.”可知，这个人每天在辛苦的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习，这是最值得注意的品质。故选D。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他会眼都不眨地引用翻译的爱默生的一段话，然后再询问美国作家对文学的整体影响。A. publish出版；B. quote引用；C. copy复制；D. download下载。根据后文“a translated Emerson passage”指引用翻译的爱默生的一段话，故选B。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他会眼都不眨地引用翻译过的爱默生的一段话，然后再询问美国作家对文学的整体影响。A. writers作者；B. historians历史学家；C. workers工人；D. students学生。根据上文“a translated Emerson passage before asking about the literary influence of American”以及后文“And what do you all learn about Russian authors?(你们对俄罗斯作家有什么了解？)”可知，年轻人对美国和俄罗斯的作家感兴趣。故选A。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“你们对俄罗斯作家有什么了解？”我记得他曾经问过。A. anticipate预期；B. imagine想象；C. recall记起；D. catch抓住。根据后文“him asking at one point”可知，作者在回忆年轻人提过的问题。故选C。【31题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：对于这位从未离开过家乡几百英里的公路建设者，我很容易凭空想象。A. look into调查；B. rely on依靠；C. go over复习；D. deal with处理。根据后文“my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home”可知，年轻人从来没有离开过离家几百英里的地方，因此作者很容易依靠自己的假设对他进行判断。故选B。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这位见多识广、自学成才、令人钦佩的人阻止了我这么做。A. well-behaved行为端正的；B. multi-skilled多技能的；C. warm-hearted热心的；D. self-educated自学的。呼应上文“this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor.(这个人每天在繁重的体力劳动之后花几个小时学习)”，指这个年轻人的自学能力。故选D。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A. asked询问；B. warned警告；C. showed展示；D. promised承诺。根据后文“me just how much one can gain from”指年轻人通过自己向作者展示了一个人可以从开放的心态和愿意与各行各业的当地人交往中获得多少收获。故选C。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A. traveling旅行；B. reading阅读；C. searching搜索；D. teaching教学。根据后文“with an open mind, and a willingness to”结合作者当时在乘火车旅行，所以是指带着开放的心态旅行，故选A。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在几个小时的时间里，他向我展示了带着开放的心态旅行，并愿意与来自各行各业的当地人打交道，会有多么大的收获。A. cooperate合作；B. side边；C. negotiate协商；D. engage参与。根据后文“with locals from all walks of life”指和各行各业的当地人打交道，应用短语engage with表示“与……接触”。故选D。A（24-25高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）At the age of three, after watching the Wonderland Dancing Company’s performance, I said to my mother, “Mama, when I grow up, I’m going to be one of those!” It was the first time that my 1 took on a vivid form and acted as something important to start my training. As I grew older and was 2 to more, my interests in the world of dance 3 varied but that little girl’s dream of someday becoming a dancer in the company never left me. In the summer of 2015 when I was 18, I received the phone call which made that dream a 4 : I became a member of the company 5 back to 1925.As I look back on that day now, it surely 6 any sense of reality. I believe I stayed in a state of pleasant disbelief until I was halfway through rehearsals (排练) on my first day. I never actually 7 to get the job. After being offered the position, I was completely 8 . I remember shaking with excitement.Though I was absolutely thrilled with the chance, it did not come without its fair share of 9 . Through the strict rehearsal period of dancing six days a week, I found it vital to 10 the material fast with every last bit of concentration. It is that extreme 11 to detail and stress on practice that set us 12 . To then follow those high-energy rehearsals with a busy show schedule of up to five performances a day, I discovered a new meaning of the words “hard work”. What I thought were my physical 13 were pushed much further than I thought 14 . I learned to make each performance better than the last.Today, when I look at the unbelievable company that I have the great honor of being a part of, not only as a member, but as a dance captain, I see a 15 that has inspired not only generations of little girls but a splendid company that continues to develop and grow — and inspires people every day to follow their dreams.1．A．hobby B．plan C．dream D．word2．A．connected B．expanded C．exposed D．extended3．A．rarely B．certainly C．probably D．never4．A．symbol B．memory C．truth D．reality5．A．bouncing B．dating C．turning D．tracking6．A．lacks B．adds C．makes D．brings7．A．cared B．expected C．asked D．decided8．A．motivated B．relaxed C．convinced D．astonished9．A．challenges B．profits C．advantages D．adventures10．A．put up B．mix up C．build up D．pick up11．A．attention B．association C．attraction D．adaptation12．A．aside B．apart C．off D．back13．A．boundaries B．problems C．barriers D．efforts14．A．necessary B．perfect C．proper D．possible15．A．victory B．trend C．tradition D．surprise【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．B 6．A 7．B 8．D 9．A 10．D 11．A 12．B 13．A 14．D 15．C【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者从小怀揣成为Wonderland Dancing Company舞者的梦想，经过不懈努力，最终在18岁时实现了这一梦想，并加入了这个历史悠久的舞蹈团。1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是第一次我的梦想有了鲜明的形态，并成为了我开始训练的重要动力。A. hobby爱好；B. plan计划；C. dream梦想；D. word单词。根据上文的“I said to my mother, ‘Mama, when I grow up, I’m going to be one of those! (我对妈妈说：妈妈，等我长大了，我也要成为他们中的一员！)”可知，这里指作者告诉妈妈长大后想成为Wonderland Dancing Company的一员这个梦想（dream）。故选C。2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着我逐渐长大，我接触到了更多事物。A. connected连接；B. expanded扩大；C. exposed暴露；D. extended延伸。根据下文的“my interests in the world of dance (我对舞蹈世界的兴趣)”可知，这里指的是随着年龄的增长，作者对舞蹈世界的兴趣，会接触到更多关于舞蹈的内容或领域，be exposed to是固定搭配，意为“接触到”。故选C。3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我对舞蹈世界的兴趣虽然有所不同，但那个小女孩梦想有一天成为公司舞者的愿望从未离开过我。A. rarely很少地；B. certainly确定，当然；C. probably可能；D. never从不。根据下文的“but that little girl’s dream of someday becoming a dancer in the company never left me (但那个小女孩有朝一日成为舞团舞者的梦想从未离开过我)”可知，这里与前文构成转折关系，表示尽管“我”的兴趣有所变化。故选B。4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在2015年夏天，当我18岁的时候，我接到了一个电话，让我的梦想成为了现实：我成为了那个成立于1925年的公司的一员。A. symbol象征；B. memory记忆；C. truth真相；D. reality现实。根据下文的“I became a member of the company (我成为了公司的一员)”可知，这里指的是成为舞者的梦想成为现实（reality）。故选D。5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我成为了那个成立于1925年的公司的一员。A. bouncing弹跳；B. dating约会，追溯日期；C. turning转动；D. tracking追踪。根据下文的“back to 1925 (回到1925年)”可知，这里指的是公司的成立时间，date back to是固定搭配，意为“追溯到”。故选B。6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：句意：当我现在回想起那一天时，它显然缺乏任何真实感。A. lacks缺乏；B. adds添加；C. makes使成为；D. brings带来。根据下文的“I believe I stayed in a state of pleasant disbelief until I was halfway through rehearsals on my first day. (我相信我一直保持着一种愉快的不敢相信的状态，直到我第一天排练到一半)”可知，作者在第一天排练到一半时还沉浸在一种愉快的不敢相信的状态中，这说明作者回想起那一天时，感觉它缺乏真实感。故选A。7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我实际上从未预料到能得到这份工作。A. cared关心；B. expected期待；C. asked询问；D. decided决定。根据下文的“After being offered the position, I was completely... (得到这个职位后，我完全……)”可知，作者在得到这份工作后表现出了某种强烈的情感反应；再结合前文提到的“缺乏真实感”，可以推断出作者在得到这份工作之前是没有预料到的。故选B。8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在得到这份工作后，我完全惊呆了。A. motivated积极的；B. relaxed放松的；C. convinced信服的；D. astonished惊讶的。根据下文的“I remember shaking with excitement. (我记得我激动得浑身发抖)”可知，作者在得到这份工作后非常惊讶，甚至记得自己因为兴奋而颤抖。故选D。9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我对这个机会感到非常兴奋，但它并不是没有带来相应的挑战。A. challenges挑战；B. profits利润；C. advantages优势；D. adventures冒险。根据下文的“Through the strict rehearsal period of dancing six days a week (通过每周跳舞六天的严格排练阶段)”可知，作者每周都要进行六天的严格排练，这暗示了这个机会是伴随着挑战的。故选A。10．考查动词词组辨析。句意：在每周六天的严格排练期间，我发现用最后一点精力快速掌握材料是至关重要的。A. put up建造；张贴；B. mix up混淆；C. build up增强；建立；D. pick up学会。根据下文的“with every last bit of concentration (用最后一点注意力)”可知，作者需要用尽最后一点精力去集中注意力，这暗示了快速掌握（pick up）材料的重要性。故选D。11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是这种对细节的极端关注和强调练习，使我们与众不同。A. attention注意；B. association关联；C. attraction吸引力；D. adaptation适应。根据下文的“to detail and stress on practice (注重细节，注重实践)”可知，这里强调的是对细节的关注（attention）和练习的重视。故选A。12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：正是这种对细节的极端关注和强调练习，使我们与众不同。A. aside在旁边；B. apart分开；C. off离开；D. back回；向后。根据上文的“It is that extreme 11 to detail and stress on practice (正是这种对细节的极端关注和强调练习)”可知，对细节的极端关注和强调练习，使我们与众不同，set sb. apart是固定搭配，意为“使某人与众不同”。故选B。13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我以为是我的身体极限被推向了比我认为的还要远的程度。A. boundaries界限；B. problems问题；C. barriers障碍；D. efforts努力。根据下文的“were pushed much further than I thought (被推向了比我认为的还要远的程度)”可知，这里是在描述“我”的身体极限被推向了更远的程度，A选项“界限，范围”符合题意。故选A。14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我以为是我的身体极限被推向了比我认为的还要远的程度。A. necessary必要的；B. perfect完美的；C. proper适当的；D. possible可能的。根据上文的“What I thought were my physical 13 were pushed much further than I thought (我认为我的身体极限被推得比我想象的更远)”可知，这里强调“我的”身体极限被推向了比“我”认为还要远的地方，暗含了某种“可能性”。故选D。15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天，当我审视这个我有幸成为其中一员的公司，不仅仅作为一名成员，而且作为舞蹈队长时，我看到了一种传统，它不仅激励了一代又一代的小女孩，而且激励了一个不断发展壮大的杰出公司。A. victory胜利；B. trend趋势；C. tradition传统；D. surprise惊讶。根据上文的“not only as a member, but as a dance captain (不仅仅作为一名成员，而且作为舞蹈队长时)”可知，说话者在这个公司中担任了重要的角色，即舞蹈队长，说明作者对公司的深入了解和认同，暗示了从学习到追求卓越的过程成为了一种传统。故选C。B（24-25高三上·重庆·阶段练习）In Philadelphia on a Thursday in July, 52-year-old Christine King was hurrying to her job. Or trying to. The traffic on the road was 16 , — no surprise for this stretch of highway at rush hour. When she pulled into the exit lane, she noticed a man and woman beside a stopped vehicle in a/an 17 . The woman tried to 18 the man as he moved towards the guard-rail (护栏) overlooking a 40-foot drop with something in his arms. Then he 19 to throw it over the rail. The woman struggled to pull the man back from the 20 .It was when King realized it was a 21 in his arms. She hurried out of the car and dashed to the man at the risk of being pushed off the rail. Again and again she grasped it but could not 22 it. Then the sound of sirens — a policeman arrived his weapon drawn. Though panicky, the man had not yet done the 23 , but one wrong word or movement could push him to extremes. The next thing King knew was that the officer was on the man, grabbing his arm. This was the moment when all would be 24 — either he would throw his little girl over the rail in a final act, or someone would get their hands on the child first. In the chaos, King 25 to get the terrified baby back.Through sobs, her mother 26 what had happened: a breakup, a new apartment and an attempted fresh start. Then the man had found them and forced them into the car. How they 27 there on the bridge wasn’t quite clear. But they were safe now. The man was later proved 28 and would be sentenced to up to 23 months in prison.Many have wondered at King’ s 29 . As a mother of five, she said a baby’s life was at risk and that was 30 enough.16．A．thick B．thin C．light D．smooth17．A．hurry B．argument C．conversation D．chat18．A．push B．ignore C．anger D．block19．A．pretended B．begged C．threatened D．agreed20．A．top B．center C．edge D．corner21．A．doll B．package C．baby D．weapon22．A．approach B．catch C．place D．free23．A．uncertain B．unthinkable C．unrealistic D．unpleasant24．A．resolved B．complicated C．started D．messed25．A．attempted B．managed C．failed D．hoped26．A．delivered B．disbelieved C．regretted D．inferred27．A．ended up B．broke away C．came across D．made up28．A．risky B．rude C．guilty D．innocent29．A．loyalty B．bravery C．strength D．wisdom30．A．courage B．trouble C．reason D．time【答案】16．A 17．B 18．D 19．C 20．C 21．C 22．D 23．B 24．A 25．B 26．A 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．C【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了当金发现一个婴儿的生命受到威胁时，她不顾个人的危险将其救回来的故事。16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：路上的车辆很拥挤——对于这段高速公路在高峰时间来说，这并不奇怪。A. thick充满的；B. thin薄的；C. light轻的；D. smooth光滑的。根据下文的“at rush hour”可知，在交通高峰期，路上的车辆很拥挤。故选A项。17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她把车开进出口车道时，她注意到一辆停在路边的车旁边有一男一女正在争吵。A. hurry匆忙；B. argument争吵；C. conversation谈话；D. chat聊天。根据下文的“Then he　4　to throw it over the rail. The woman struggled to pull the man back from the 5　.”可知，女人挣扎着要把男人拉回来，所以两个人一定是在为某事争吵。故选B项。18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当男子抱着什么东西朝栏杆移动时(栏杆外是40英尺高悬空)，女子试图阻止他。A. push推；B. ignore忽视；C. anger激怒；D. block阻止。根据下文的“The woman struggled to pull the man back from the　5　　.”可知，女人挣扎着要把男人拉回来，所以，女人肯定是要阻止男人向栏杆移动。故选D项。19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他威胁说要把它扔过栏杆。A. pretended假装；B. begged恳求；C. threatened威胁；D. agreed同意。根据第二段的“either he would throw his little girl over the rail”可知，空格后的it指的是婴儿，把婴儿扔过栏杆，肯定是一种威胁。故选C项。20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那个女人挣扎着把那个男人从边缘拉了回来。A. top顶部；B. center中心；C. edge边缘；D. corner拐角。根据上文的“he moved towards the guard-rail (护栏) overlooking a 40-foot drop”可知，栏杆外是40英尺高的悬空，男子在边缘处。故选C项。21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这时金意识到他怀里抱的是一个婴儿。A. doll玩偶；B. package包裹；C. baby婴儿；D. weapon武器。根据下文的“either he would throw his little girl over the rail”可知，男子抱着的是他的女儿。故选C项。22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她一次又一次地抓住它，却无法使它挣脱。A. approach靠近；B. catch抓住；C. place放置；D. free使解脱出来。根据下文的“In the chaos, King　10　　to get the terrified baby back.”可知，金一直想把婴儿从男人的手中抢过来，也就是让婴儿解脱出来。故选D项。23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然惊慌失措，但这个人还没有做出不堪设想的事情，但一个错误的词或动作可能会把他推向极端。A. uncertain不确定的；B. unthinkable难以想象的；C. unrealistic不切实际的；D. unpleasant令人不快的。根据上文的句子“Then he　4　　to throw it over the rail.”可知，男人威胁说要把婴儿扔过栏杆去，这种事是不堪设想的。故选B项。24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这一刻，一切都将得到解决——要么他在最后的行动中把他的小女儿从栏杆上扔下去，要么有人会首先抓住这个孩子。A. resolved解决；B. complicated使复杂化；C. started开始；D. messed弄乱。根据下文的“either he would throw his little girl over the rail in a final act, or someone would get their hands on the child first.”可知，两种结果中的任何一个发生，都意味着这件事解决了。故选A项。25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一片混乱中，金设法把吓坏了的婴儿救了回来。A. attempted尝试；B. managed设法 (做成某事)；C. failed失败；D. hoped希望。根据下一段的“But they were safe now.”可知，金设法把吓坏了的婴儿救了回来。故选B项。26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在啜泣中，她的母亲告诉她发生了什么：分手了，换了新公寓，并试图重新开始。A. delivered发表；B. disbelieved不信；C. regretted后悔；D. inferred推断。根据下文的“what had happened: a breakup, a new apartment and an attempted fresh start”可知，这是女人解释的事情的原因。故选A项。27．考查动词短语辨析。句意：不太清楚他们是怎么到桥上的。A. ended up最终到达；B. broke away脱离；C. came across遇到；D. made up编造。根据下文的“there on the bridge wasn’t quite clear”可知，不太清楚他们是怎么最终到桥上的。故选A项。28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这名男子后来被证明有罪，将被判处长达23个月的监禁。A. risky有危险的；B. rude粗鲁的；C. guilty有罪的；D. innocent无辜的。根据下文的“would be sentenced to up to 23 months in prison.”可知，男人肯定是被证明有罪，所以才会被判刑。故选C项。29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多人对金的勇敢感到惊讶。A. loyalty忠诚；B. bravery勇敢；C. strength力量；D. wisdom智慧。根据上文的“She hurried out of the car and dashed to the man at the risk of being pushed off the rail.”可知，金是冒着被推下去的危险去救婴儿的，所以她很勇敢。许多人对她的勇敢感到惊讶。故选B项。30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个五个孩子的母亲，她说一个婴儿的生命处于危险之中，这是足够的理由。A. courage勇气；B. trouble麻烦；C. reason理由；D. time时间。根据上文的“As a mother of five, she said a baby’ s life was at risk”可知，一个婴儿的生命受到威胁时，妈妈的角色是金不顾生命危险去救婴儿的理由。故选C项。C（24-25高三上·河北邯郸·阶段练习）At five, Dallas Salas was diagnosed with leukemia (白血病). Now this 18-year-old has graduated from Arizona State University (ASU) with a bachelor’s degree in medicine.Speaking of his 31 , he recalled living through the 32 moments, sharing, “It was truly a heartbreaking experience. I 33 remember staying up at nights, crying.”Salas said that the 34 he experienced from the early-age leukemia diagnosis served as inspirations for him to 35 his education in the medical fields. “I have a part to play in defeating leukemia,” he said. “I 36 want to find a hands-on approach to helping other people deal with diseases.” Despite 37 his life’s challenge, Salas continued working hard towards his 38 with the result that he was admitted into ASU at age 13.Salas owed his success to his mom, “So my mom was a great 39 , and she really inspired me to keep it going.” He said another person who 40 him in college was his teacher, Xavier Celaya. 41 his experiences working with Salas, Celaya once said, “Whenever he didn’t 42 something, he’d always ask for clarification, which is a 43 not many students have. I’m always 44 to help him. I witnessed his rapid growth.”Salas always stands by what he 45 , “If you’re going through bad experiences, remember: life is only 10% of what happens to you and 90% of what you make of it.”31．A．independence B．graduation C．responsibility D．employment32．A．common B．boring C．confusing D．tough33．A．still B．seldom C．hopefully D．finally34．A．purposes B．pains C．changes D．memories35．A．control B．question C．pursue D．confirm36．A．randomly B．suddenly C．slightly D．definitely37．A．suffering from B．knowing about C．adapting to D．depending on38．A．adventure B．goal C．standard D．support39．A．motivator B．manager C．designer D．actress40．A．amused B．surprised C．influenced D．comforted41．A．Recording B．Discussing C．Realizing D．Examining42．A．remember B．communicate C．overcome D．understand43．A．talent B．challenge C．quality D．condition44．A．free B．nervous C．afraid D．ready45．A．believes B．means C．predicts D．admits【答案】31．B 32．D 33．A 34．B 35．C 36．D 37．A 38．B 39．A 40．C 41．B 42．D 43．C 44．D 45．A【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Dallas Salas5岁时被诊断出患有白血病，但是他没有放弃自己的人生，而是选择在医学领域继续深造，现在，这位18岁的年轻人已经从亚利桑那州立大学毕业，获得了医学学士学位。31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：谈到毕业典礼，他回忆起那段艰难的日子，他说：“那真是一段令人心碎的经历。”A. independence独立；B. graduation毕业；C. responsibility责任；D. employment雇佣。根据上文“Now this 18-year-old has graduated from Arizona State University (ASU) with a bachelor’s degree in medicine.(现在，这位18岁的年轻人已经从亚利桑那州立大学毕业，获得了医学学士学位)”可知，此处指从亚利桑那州立大学的毕业典礼，故选B。32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：谈到毕业典礼，他回忆起那段艰难的日子，他说：“那真是一段令人心碎的经历。”A. common共同的；B. boring无聊的；C. confusing令人困惑的；D. tough艰难的。根据后文“It was truly a heartbreaking experience.”可知，那段日子十分艰难。故选D。33．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我还记得晚上熬夜哭泣。A. still仍然；B. seldom几乎不；C. hopefully有希望地；D. finally最后。根据后文“remember staying up at nights, crying”可知，他仍然还记得当时的情景。故选A。34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Salas说，他早年被诊断出白血病所经历的痛苦激发了他在医学领域继续深造的愿望。A. purposes目的；B. pains痛苦；C. changes改变；D. memories记忆。根据后文“he experienced from the early-age leukemia diagnosis”可知，因为白血病，他经历了痛苦。故选B。35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Salas说，他早年被诊断出白血病所经历的痛苦激发了他在医学领域继续深造的愿望。A. control控制；B. question质疑；C. pursue追求；D. confirm确认。根据后文“his education in the medical fields”可知，患病的痛苦激励他追求医学领域继续深造。故选C。36．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我必定想找到一种亲力亲为的方法来帮助其他人应对疾病。”A. randomly随机地；B. suddenly突然；C. slightly稍微；D. definitely必定，肯定。根据上文“I have a part to play in defeating leukemia(我要在战胜白血病的过程中发挥作用)”可知，自身患病的经历让他必定想找到救治疾病的办法。故选D。37．考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管遭受了人生的挑战，Salas继续朝着他的目标努力，结果他在13岁时被亚利桑那州立大学录取。A. suffering from遭受；B. knowing about了解；C. adapting to适应；D. depending on依靠。根据后文“his life’s challenge”此处指他遭受了患病的人生挑战，故选A。38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管遭受了人生的挑战，Salas继续朝着他的目标努力，结果他在13岁时被亚利桑那州立大学录取。A. adventure冒险；B. goal目标；C. standard标准；D. support支持。根据后文“with the result that he was admitted into ASU at age 13”可知，Salas继续朝着他的目标努力，结果他在13岁时被亚利桑那州立大学录取。故选B。39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Salas把他的成功归功于他的妈妈，“所以我妈妈是一个伟大的激励者，她真的激励我坚持下去。”A. motivator动力，激励者；B. manager经理；C. designer设计师；D. actress女演员。根据后文“she really inspired me to keep it going”可知，Salas把他的成功归功于他的妈妈，他认为妈妈是一个伟大的激励者，故选A。40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说，在大学里影响他的另一个人是他的老师Xavier Celaya。A. amused逗乐；B. surprised使惊讶；C. influenced影响；D. comforted安慰。根据后文“him in college was his teacher, Xavier Celaya”可知，除了妈妈，Xavier Celaya老师是另一个影响他的人，故选C。41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：谈到与Salas共事的经历时，Celaya说：“每当他有什么不明白的地方，他总是会要求澄清，这是很多学生都没有的品质。A. Recording记录；B. Discussing讨论；C. Realizing意识到；D. Examining检查。后文“he’d always ask for clarification”主要是谈到了Salas共事的经历。故选B。42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：谈到与Salas共事的经历时，Celaya说：“每当他有什么不明白的地方，他总是会要求澄清，这是很多学生都没有的品质。A. remember记得；B. communicate交流；C. overcome克服；D. understand理解。根据后文“he’d always ask for clarification”可知，需要澄清说明有不理解的地方。故选D。43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：谈到与Salas共事的经历时，Celaya说：“每当他有什么不明白的地方，他总是会要求澄清，这是很多学生都没有的品质。A. talent才能；B. challenge挑战；C. quality质量，品质；D. condition条件。根据上文“he’d always ask for clarification”可知，他不耻下问，这是很多学生没有的品质。故选C。44．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我随时准备帮助他。A. free自由的；B. nervous紧张的；C. afraid害怕的；D. ready准备好的。上文提到老师认为Salas有很多学生没有的品质，可推知喜欢Salas，随时准备帮助他。故选D。45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Salas始终坚持自己的信念：“如果你正在经历糟糕的经历，请记住：生活只有10%是发生在你身上的事情，而90%是你如何利用它。”A. believes相信；B. means意味着；C. predicts预测；D. admits承认。后文“If you’re going through bad experiences, remember: life is only 10% of what happens to you and 90% of what you make of it.(如果你正在经历糟糕的经历，请记住：生活只有10%是发生在你身上的事情，90%是你如何利用它)”是Salas始终坚持的信念，即他相信的道理。故选A。D（2024·福建宁德·二模）Emilio Morenatti, 55, is the AP’s chief photographer. His worldwide coverage has 46 him numerous awards, including a Pulitzer Prize. Morenatti, who lost a(n) 47 in Afghanistan in 2009, was in Paris to 48 his third Paralympics(残奥会). This is his account of the experience. “When I’m covering the Paralympics, I feel I learn a lot from the 49 . What you see is a lot of energy. Athletes are pushing themselves to the maximum. Sometimes I don’t 50 the first athlete to finish, but the last one. It’s to highlight the strength of people with 51 . When I lost my leg in 2009, I was in one of the best moments of my 52 . And then I 53 , ‘This is the end. This is where I have to make a 54 to become an editor, because my mobility is gone.’ But that feeling stayed with me only for a few months. Then I 55 that my amputation(截肢)was not in my head, but my leg, so I would find my 56 . From that time, I decided I would try to get my cameras back again and continue being a(n) 57 and doing what I really love. 58 , I found my way. I’ve been able to get closer to people with disabilities. I’ve found a way to 59 disability through photography. I feel very 60 to do it. I won’t say that the amputation helped my life, but it helped me find this new angle to my photography. ”46．A．supported B．earned C．taken D．offered47．A．eye B．arm C．hand D．leg48．A．cover B．cheer C．attend D．watch49．A．organizers B．judges C．athletes D．coaches50．A．wait for B．look after C．focus on D．pick up51．A．challenges B．talents C．skills D．disabilities52．A．education B．career C．hobby D．business53．A．thought B．complained C．declared D．replied54．A．recovery B．struggle C．shift D．reply55．A．guessed B．realized C．expected D．imagined56．A．treasure B．responsibility C．dream D．way57．A．photographer B．editor C．reporter D．producer58．A．Instead B．Therefore C．However D．Somehow59．A．describe B．overcome C．suppose D．cure60．A．amazed B．bored C．pleased D．upset【答案】46．B 47．D 48．A 49．C 50．C 51．D 52．B 53．A 54．C 55．B 56．D 57．A 58．D 59．A 60．C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了失去一条腿的美联社首席摄影师埃米利奥·莫雷纳蒂在巴黎报道他的第三届残奥会，他从残疾运动员身上学到了很多，通过摄影找到了描述残疾的新角度，并认为这帮助他找到了摄影的新方向。46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的全球报道为他赢得了无数奖项，包括普利策奖。A. supported支持；B. earned赢得；C. taken带走；D. offered提供。根据下文“including a Pulitzer Prize”可知，此处应表示他的全球报道为他赢得了无数奖项，包括普利策奖。故选B项。47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：莫雷纳蒂于2009年在阿富汗失去了一条腿，他来巴黎是为了报道他的第三届残奥会。A. eye眼睛；B. arm胳膊；C. hand手；D. leg腿。根据下文“When I lost my leg in 2009”可知，此处应表示莫雷纳蒂于2009年在阿富汗失去了一条腿。故选D项。48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：莫雷纳蒂于2009年在阿富汗失去了一条腿，他来巴黎是为了报道他的第三届残奥会。A. cover报道；B. cheer加油，欢呼；C. attend出席；D. watch看。根据上文“His worldwide coverage”和下文“This is his account of the experience.”可知，此处应表示他来巴黎是为了报道第三届残奥会。故选A项。49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我报道残奥会的时候，我觉得我从运动员身上学到了很多东西。A. organizers组织者；B. judges裁判；C. athletes运动员；D. coaches教练。根据下文“Athletes are pushing themselves to the maximum”中提到运动员可知，此处应表示莫雷纳蒂从运动员身上学到了很多东西。故选C项。50．考查动词短语辨析。句意：有时候我关注的不是第一个到达终点的运动员，而是最后一个。A. wait for等待；B. look after照顾；C. focus on关注；D. pick up捡起来。根据句意以及下文“the first athlete to finish, but the last one”可知，此处应表示莫雷纳蒂关注的不是第一个到达终点的运动员，而是最后一个。故选C项。51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是为了强调残疾人的力量。A. challenges挑战；B. talents天赋；C. skills技术。D. disabilities残疾。根据上文提到“his third Paralympics(残奥会)”可知，此处应表示这是为了强调残疾人的力量。故选D项。52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我在2009年失去一条腿的时候，我正处于职业生涯中最好的时刻之一。A. education教育；B. career职业生涯；C. hobby爱好；D. business生意。根据下文“This is where I have to make a 9 to become an editor, because my mobility is gone”可推知，此处应表示莫雷纳蒂在2009年失去一条腿的时候，是正处于职业生涯中最好的时刻之一。故选B项。53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我想，这就结束了。A. thought认为，想；B. complained抱怨；C. declared宣布；D. replied回复。根据句意以及下文“This is where I have to make a 9 to become an editor”可知，此处应表示莫雷纳蒂在2009年失去一条腿的时候的想法。故选A项。54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是我必须转变成为编辑的地方，因为我的移动性已经消失了。A. recovery恢复；B. struggle挣扎；C. shift转变；D. reply回复。根据下文“because my mobility is gone”可知，此处应表示莫雷纳蒂转变成为编辑，因为他行动不方便。故选C项。55． 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我意识到我的截肢不是在我的头上，而是在我的腿上，所以我会找到我的路。A. guessed猜测；B. realized意识到；C. expected期待；D. imagined想象。根据句意以及下文“that my amputation (截肢) was not in my head, but my leg, so I would find my 11 ”可知，此处应表示莫雷纳蒂意识到他的截肢不是在头上，而是在他的腿上，所以他会思考并找到他的路。故选B项。56．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我意识到我的截肢不是在我的头上，而是在我的腿上，所以我会找到我的路。A. treasure财富；B. responsibility可能性；C. dream梦想；D. way路。 根据下文“From that time, I decided I would try to get my cameras back again and continue being a (n) 12 and doing what I really love.”可知，此处应表示莫雷纳蒂意识到他的截肢不是在头上，而是在他的腿上，所以他会找到他的路。故选D项。57．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，我决定要把相机拿回来，继续做一名摄影师，做我真正喜欢的事情。A. photographer摄影师；B. editor编辑；C. reporter 记者；D. producer制片人。根据上文“Emilio Morenatti, 55, is the AP’s chief photographer”可知，此处应表示莫雷纳蒂继续做一名摄影师。故选A项。58．考查副词词义辨析。句意：不知怎么的，我找到了自己的出路。A. Instead相反的是；B. Therefore因此；C. However然而；D. Somehow以某种方式。根据上下文语境以及下文“I found my way”可知，此处应表示不管怎样，莫雷纳蒂找到了自己的出路。故选D项。59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我找到了一种通过摄影来描述残疾的方法。A. describe描述；B. overcome克服；C. suppose假定；D. cure治疗。根据下文“disability through photography”可知，此处应表示莫雷纳蒂找到了一种通过摄影来描述残疾的方法。故选A项。60．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很高兴做这件事。A. amazed吃惊的；B. bored感到无聊的；C. pleased高兴的；D. upset不安的。根据下文“I won’t say that the amputation helped my life, but it helped me find this new angle to my photography”可知，此处应表示莫雷纳蒂很高兴做这件事。故选C项。