专题14 对话描写模型 讲义+练习

这是一份专题14 对话描写模型 讲义+练习，共12页。试卷主要包含了 我还是被推到水下， 然后我又使劲拔了一次草， 我游回水面深呼吸， 我筋疲力尽，大声呼救， 我永远不会忘记那可怕的经历等内容，欢迎下载使用。

对话 (dialgue) 是故事角色在整个故事中对彼此或对自己说的话。它可以用来揭示人物的性格和个性，它也可以用来推动情节向前发展，并展示情节发展的过程。我们需要用各种细节将主题编织进故事之中，让其不时地闪现，以展示故事的全部内涵。对话无疑是一种可以让全部内容显现出来的元素。人物在交谈、细语、呼喊、低吼、抱怨、讥讽、哀叹，而读者在倾听。相较于用枯燥的、阐释性的长篇大论去传达主题，对话这种方式不仅更快捷有效，而且更能激起读者的情感。对话描写需遵循以下原则：
真实情感
在对人物进行对话描写时, 真情实感是贴切人物的最好表达, 尽量避免过于“高大上”或“假大空”, 脱离人物的真实身份。如:
“Yu have had a sund sleep!” the ld lady shuted. “It’s time t pen yur eyes! We’re in a risky situatin and we will have a big deal t make!”
不难发现作者对老妇人的真情实感的描写, 体现了老妇人急迫的个性和对生活的不顺心而大发脾气的妇女形象。同时, 结合三个感叹句,更好地体现了老妇人的急躁的心理。由此, 读者也能够通过该对话, 体会到语言的美感。
描写比重
在对人物冲突中的具体的对话描写, 要注意在文中段落中的比重问题, 切忌以全对话或大部分对话代替其他细节描写, 要恰到好处，例如:
“In the garden?” Sam asked nervusly. “I actually have given all I have t yu! S, please d nt hurt me r kill me, I beg yu!” Jessica als tld the thief, “D yu want all ur belngings? They are all in ur bedrm. I will lead yu t get them. Of curse, we are rich and we have a lt f mney. All will be given t yu if yu d nt hurt r kill us, please, please!” The thief said, “Of curse. I will nt kill yu t! OK. Yu are s gd. I will nt kill yu if I get this. Give all t me nw!” Just at that time, there was a knck at the dr and the plice came t the dr.
从上一段的描写中我们不难发现, 几乎全段都是对话语言描写, 而且话语多次重复和啰嗦, 难以很好地表达主人公的内心情感, 也难以让读者体会到英语语言的美。所以, 在续写过程中,一定要读透文本, 理解文本中的语言特色, 保持语言的简洁性和一致性。
展现转变
从故事的开头至结尾，我们笔下的人物应该一直在发生改变，至少是微妙的改变。我们创作小说的原因之一便是展现人物如何变得更好或者更坏。要创作出一个颇具改造性的场景、使人物发生永久的改变并且令读者意识到这一点，我认为这并不是一件轻而易举的事情。要完成这件事，我们笔下的人物必须说出更多意味深长的话语。
“I guess this is it," he said. "I'll see yu back hme in a mnth, kay?”“The by's mther turned t the dg, "Okay, Pppy, time t g back hme.”
这里的两个对话,一个是小主人和小狗说再见,一个是女主人带小狗回家，都显示了这家主人对小狗的喜爱，完全把她当作家庭一员来对待。通过这两个对话，我们可推断, 小狗只知道自己和小主人再见了, 却不知道小主人一个月之后会回来的, 所以才有下文的闷闷不乐。而其中男孩对小狗说的 “I'll see yu back hme in a mnth.”这句话为下文的“A few weeks later, the by arrived hme frm the university.”埋下伏笔。
对话的基本构成
对话通常由引用部分、标点符号、对话提示语和其他成分构成。对话提示语如“said Winstn”“he said”“he added”等，主语是名词时通常放在动词后，主语是代词时放在动词前。
例句：
“When yu were a yung man, we were all living in the tree-tps,” said the barman, with a glance at the ther custmers.
中文翻译：酒保瞥了一眼其他顾客，说道：“你年轻时，我们都在树上生活。”
解释：通过对话提示语“said the barman”和动作“with a glance at the ther custmers”，增加了对话的生动性。
例句：
“I can’t believe it’s already Octber,” she said, lking ut the windw.
中文翻译：她看着窗外，说道：“真不敢相信已经到十月了。”
解释：通过“lking ut the windw”增加了对话的背景和情感。
例句：
“We need t leave nw,” he said, checking his watch.
中文翻译：他看了看手表，说道：“我们现在得走了。”
解释：通过“checking his watch”增加了对话的紧迫感。
例句：
“I’m s prud f yu,” she said, hugging him tightly.
中文翻译：她紧紧地拥抱他，说道：“我真为你感到骄傲。”
解释：通过“hugging him tightly”增加了对话的情感表达。
对话标点与结构
逗号位置：对话中的逗号要放在引号里面。例如：“And nw I must g,” she said as sn as he had mastered his instructins.
提示词位置：提示词可放在引用对话的前、中、后。若在中间，其后需用逗号，后半句首字母小写。例如：“Dn’t be late fr supper,” Uncle Paul cried, “and keep t the track s that yu dn’t get lst!”
例句：
“I’m nt sure I can d this,” she said quietly.
中文翻译：她小声说道：“我不确定我能不能做到。”
解释：提示词“said quietly”放在句末，描述了说话的语气。
例句：
“Yu must be jking,” he laughed, shaking his head.
中文翻译：他笑着说道：“你一定是在开玩笑。”一边摇了摇头。
解释：提示词“laughed”和动作“shaking his head”放在中间，增加了对话的生动性。
例句：
“I can’t find my keys,” she said, searching her pckets.
中文翻译：她一边搜寻口袋，说道：“我找不到我的钥匙了。”
解释：提示词“said”和动作“searching her pckets”放在中间，增加了对话的背景。
例句：
“We shuld g nw,” he said, glancing at his watch.
中文翻译：他看了一眼手表，说道：“我们现在该走了。”
解释：提示词“said”和动作“glancing at his watch”放在中间，增加了对话的紧迫感。
丰富对话的五种方法
增加副词
在对话提示词后增加副词，描绘说话人的语气情感，使对话更形象化。
例句：
“Yu must have seen great changes since yu were a yung man,” said Winstn tentatively.
中文翻译：温斯顿试探性地说：“你年轻时一定看到了许多变化。”
解释：副词“tentatively”（试探性地）描绘了说话人的谨慎语气。
例句：
“I dn’t think that’s a gd idea,” she said dubtfully.
中文翻译：她怀疑地说：“我不认为那是个好主意。”
解释：副词“dubtfully”（怀疑地）描绘了说话人的不确定语气。
例句：
“We shuld try it at least nce,” he said enthusiastically.
中文翻译：他热情地说：“我们至少应该试一次。”
解释：副词“enthusiastically”（热情地）描绘了说话人的积极态度。
例句：
“I’m really srry abut what happened,” she said aplgetically.
中文翻译：她道歉地说：“我真的很抱歉发生了这样的事。”
解释：副词“aplgetically”（道歉地）描绘了说话人的歉意。
并列动词
在对话中增加动作描写，增添画面感。
例句：
“Seven minutes behind time,” he added, and shk his head.
中文翻译：他补充道：“晚了七分钟。”并摇了摇头。
解释：动作“shk his head”（摇了摇头）增加了画面感，使对话更生动。
例句：
“I think we shuld g nw,” she said, and lked at her watch.
中文翻译：她说道：“我想我们现在该走了。”一边看了看手表。
解释：动作“lked at her watch”（看了看手表）增加了对话的紧迫感。
例句：
“I can’t believe yu did that,” he said, and laughed.
中文翻译：他说道：“我不敢相信你居然做了那件事。”一边笑了起来。
解释：动作“laughed”（笑了起来）增加了对话的轻松感。
例句：
“We need t talk abut this,” she said, and sat dwn.
中文翻译：她说道：“我们需要谈谈这件事。”一边坐了下来。
解释：动作“sat dwn”（坐了下来）增加了对话的正式感。
增加介词短语
在对话提示词后增加介词短语，详细表现说话者的神态、语调、声音等具体情况。
例句：
“Yu all remember,” said the Cntrller, in his strng deep vice.
中文翻译：管理者用他那深沉有力的声音说：“你们都记得。”
解释：介词短语“in his strng deep vice”（用他那深沉有力的声音）描绘了说话者的语调。
例句：
“The Ministry f Plenty’s certainly dne a gd jb this year,” he said with a knwing shake f his head.
中文翻译：他带着一种心知肚明的摇头说：“今年，丰饶部确实干得不错。”
解释：介词短语“with a knwing shake f his head”（带着一种心知肚明的摇头）描绘了说话者的神态。
例句：
“I dn’t think we shuld d that,” she said in a hesitant tne.
中文翻译：她用犹豫的语调说：“我不认为我们应该做那件事。”
解释：介词短语“in a hesitant tne”（用犹豫的语调）描绘了说话者的语气。
例句：
“We shuld be mre careful,” he said in a serius vice.
中文翻译：他用严肃的语调说：“我们应该更小心。”
解释：介词短语“in a serius vice”（用严肃的语调）描绘了说话者的语气。
增加分词短语
在对话中增加分词或分词短语表示伴随状况，不仅能够增添画面感，而且能够使句子结构更加复杂，表达更加丰富。
例句：
“What are yu giving them？” asked Mr. Fster, making his tne very prfessinal.
中文翻译：福斯特先生使自己的语气听起来很专业，问道：“你在给他们什么？”
解释：分词短语“making his tne very prfessinal”（使自己的语气听起来很专业）增加了对话的复杂性和画面感。
例句：
“Yes,” said Mustapha Mnd, ndding his head, “yu may well shudder.”
中文翻译：穆斯塔法·蒙德点了点头，说道：“是的，你确实会感到恐惧。”
解释：分词短语“ndding his head”（点了点头）增加了对话的生动性。
例句：
“I think we shuld leave nw,” she said, glancing at the clck.
中文翻译：她看了一眼时钟，说道：“我想我们现在该走了。”
解释：分词短语“glancing at the clck”（看了一眼时钟）增加了对话的紧迫感。
例句：
“I’m nt sure I can d this,” he said, biting his lip.
中文翻译：他咬着嘴唇，说道：“我不确定我能不能做到。”
解释：分词短语“biting his lip”（咬着嘴唇）增加了对话的紧张感。
增加状语从句
在对话中增加从句，使得续写的语法结构更加复杂，同时，更细节化地表达说话人说话时的具体情况。
例句：
“At last,” she thught exultantly as she stepped ut f the cab.
中文翻译：她兴奋地想道：“终于到了。”一边走出了出租车。
解释：状语从句“as she stepped ut f the cab”（一边走出了出租车）增加了对话的背景信息。
例句：
“In the place where there is n darkness,” he said, as thugh he had recgnized the allusin.
中文翻译：他说：“在没有黑暗的地方。”仿佛他认出了其中的典故。
解释：状语从句“as thugh he had recgnized the allusin”（仿佛他认出了其中的典故）增加了对话的深度。
例句：
“I think we shuld g nw,” she said, as the rain began t fall.
中文翻译：她说道：“我想我们现在该走了。”雨开始下了。
解释：状语从句“as the rain began t fall”（雨开始下了）增加了对话的背景信息。
例句：
“I’m really srry abut what happened,” she said, as tears filled her eyes.
中文翻译：她说道：“我真的很抱歉发生了这样的事。”眼泪涌上了她的眼睛。
解释：状语从句“as tears filled her eyes”（眼泪涌上了她的眼睛）增加了对话的情感表达。
综合演练：
“If mum finds ut that I'm ging t the beach, I'll be in big truble.” I said t myself sftly in a lw vice.
I went dwnstairs slwly and tried t walk casually int the kitchen. As I was walking twards the back dr, mum asked withut lking up frm her “dish-washing”, “Where are yu ging?” I answered back withut hesitatin,“ I am ging t the garden t play.” After I gt ut f the kitchen, I breathed a sign f relief. My plan had wrked ut fine s far. I climbed the fence and jumped nt the muddy field next t my huse and started running twards the bus stp at tp speed.
After half an hur I was at the beach scanning the crwd fr my friends, Jimmy and Bbby. Tw yung men were racing in the canes (独木舟). After a while, I saw them near a ccnut tree. I ran twards them and gt int my swimming trunk (游泳裤). Fr abut an hur, we played vlleyball happily.
Suddenly, Bbby hit the ball t hard and the ball fell int the sea. Just as Bbby was ging t pick up the ball, the tide came in and carried the ball further and further away frm the shre. I wanted t shw ff my swimming skills s I declared t help get the ball fr them.
I dived int the water and started swimming at a steady pace. After swimming fr abut ten minutes, I became tired but when I saw that the ball was nly a few feet away frm me, I put in an extra burst f speed. Hwever, just as I was ging t get the ball, a very strng current swept the ball further away frm me. At that mment, a string f weed (海草)tangled (缠绕) up with my feet and I culd nt swim prperly. I struggled t keep aflat but it was n use. “ If I had listened t my parents, this wuld never have happened,”I thught silently.
Paragraph 1
Finally, after struggling fr a minute r tw, I still gt pulled underwater.
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Paragraph 2
When I wke up, I was in an empty rm lying n a bed.
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翻译小练习：
1. 我还是被推到水下。我告诉自己永远不要放弃。
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2. 然后我又使劲拔了一次草。杂草终于断了。
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3. 我游回水面深呼吸。我看见两个年轻人划着独木舟，互相比赛。
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4. 我筋疲力尽，大声呼救。那两个男人看见我就朝我划来。
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5. 当他们到达我这边时，我已经失去知觉了。
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6. 直到一位医生走进房间，我才意识到我在医院里。
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7. 吉米和鲍比告诉我，那两个年轻人把我带到岸边，送我去医院。
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8. 几分钟后，我的父母带着半生气半担心的表情走了进来。
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9. 我父母责骂我偷偷地跑出家门，但也很高兴我没有受重伤。
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10. 我永远不会忘记那可怕的经历。我也不想再炫耀了。
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参考答案：
1. 我还是被推到水下。我告诉自己永远不要放弃。
I still gt putted underwater. I tld myself I shuld never give up.
2. 然后我又使劲拔了一次草。杂草终于断了。
Then I pulled the weed again with great effrts. The weed finally brke.
3. 我游回水面深呼吸。我看见两个年轻人划着独木舟，互相比赛。
I swam back t the surface t take a deep breath. I saw tw yung men in canes, racing each ther.
4. 我筋疲力尽，大声呼救。那两个男人看见我就朝我划来。
I was exhausted and shuted fr help. The tw men saw me and raced twards me.
5. 当他们到达我这边时，我已经失去知觉了。
By the time they reached me, I had been already uncnscius.
6. 直到一位医生走进房间，我才意识到我在医院里。
It was nt until a dctr came int the rm that I realized that I was in a hspital.
7. 吉米和鲍比告诉我，那两个年轻人把我带到岸边，送我去医院。
Jimmy and Bbby tld me the tw yung men brught me t the shre and sent me t the hspital.
8. 几分钟后，我的父母带着半生气半担心的表情走了进来。
After a few minutes, my parents with half angry and half wrried faces walked in.
9. 我父母责骂我偷偷地跑出家门，但也很高兴我没有受重伤。
My parents sclded me fr running ut f the huse secretly but were als glad that I was nt seriusly injured.
10. 我永远不会忘记那可怕的经历。我也不想再炫耀了。
I will never frget that terrifying experience. Neither will I ever want t shw ff again.
参考范文：
Paragraph 1
Finally, after struggling fr a minute r tw, I still gt putted underwater. I tld myself I shuld never give up. Then I pulled the weed again with great effrts. The weed finally brke. I swam back t the surface t take a deep breath. I saw tw yung men in canes, racing each ther. I was exhausted and shuted fr help. The tw men saw me and raced twards me. By the time they reached me, I had been already uncnscius.
Paragraph 2
When I wke up, I was in an empty rm lying n a bed. It was nt until a dctr came int the rm that I realized that I was in a hspital. Jimmy and Bbby tld me the tw yung men brught me t the shre and sent me t the hspital. After a few minutes, my parents with half angry and half wrried faces walked in. My parents sclded me fr running ut f the huse secretly but were als glad that I was nt seriusly injured. I will never frget that terrifying experience. Neither will I ever want t shw ff again.