专题20 虚拟语气魔方棒 讲义+练习

这是一份专题20 虚拟语气魔方棒 讲义+练习，共10页。
“If I had enugh mney, I wuld help yu.”（如果我有足够的钱，我就会帮助你。）
此句真实含义并非表达帮助的意愿，而是“I will nt help yu.”。通过If条件句，“help”这一行为被设定为假设的虚拟动作。听话者能从该条件推断出说话者可能不会提供帮助。尽管这隐含了拒绝之意，但因说话者采用这种委婉方式，听话者在心理上更易接受。由此可见，虚拟语气蕴含着其他语气难以替代的丰富情感。在英语教学中，教师不应仅局限于讲解和罗列使用虚拟语气的句型，而应结合不同语法表达形式，深入剖析其语用特点。尤其在阅读与写作学习中，英语学习者不仅要透彻理解和掌握虚拟语气的语法形式，更要熟知其灵活多变的语用功能。唯有如此，才能真正体会虚拟语气所蕴含的情感，进而运用它来展现自己丰富的内心世界。
（一）“if sb..., sb... ”：倾诉纠结心境
例 1
2021 河北张家口第一次质检题
“If I shuldn’t g back n time, the king wuld kill my friend. If I hadn’t fallen frm the hrse and gt hurt, I wuld have gt t the destinatin n time.”
（要是我不准时回去，国王会杀了我的朋友。如果我没有从马上摔下来并受了伤，我也早就按时到达目的地了。）
【分析】主人公曾向国王承诺准时返回，若违背承诺，朋友将性命不保。然而，主人公意外从马上摔下受伤，导致行程耽搁。此时运用虚拟语气，做出与事实不符的假设，淋漓尽致地展现了主人公内心的矛盾与纠结。其中，前一个虚拟条件句表达与将来情况相悖的假设，而后一个则表示与过去情况相反的假设。这种表达方式，生动地刻画了主人公在困境中的复杂心境。
例 2
If I didn't have this imprtant exam tmrrw, I wuld g n a trip with yu. But I can't risk my future. If I had prepared better in advance, I wuldn't be s nervus nw.
（要是我明天没有这场重要的考试，我就会和你一起去旅行。但我不能拿我的未来冒险。要是我之前准备得更充分些，我现在就不会这么紧张了。）
【分析】说话者一方面想去旅行，另一方面又担心考试影响未来，通过虚拟语气表达了在去旅行和准备考试之间的纠结。前句是与现在事实相反的假设，后句是对过去未充分准备的虚拟，反映出内心的矛盾与无奈。
例 3
If I culd turn back time, I wuld chse a different majr. But I knw it's impssible. If I hadn't listened t my parents at that time, I might have fllwed my wn dream.
（要是我能时光倒流，我会选择一个不同的专业。但我知道这不可能。要是我当时没有听父母的话，我可能就追随自己的梦想了。）
【分析】主人公对当下的专业选择感到不满，却又无法改变现状。虚拟语气的运用，体现出在听从父母建议和追求自己梦想之间的纠结，一个假设与现在事实相反，另一个假设与过去事实相反。
（二）“Withut/But fr...”：传递感激之情
例 1
2021 广州七校联考题
“Withut /But fr mm’s encuragement, I wuldn’t have becme a successful narratr in the cmpetitin.”
（如果没有妈妈的鼓励，在比赛中我不可能成为一个成功的讲解员。）
【分析】经过学校的故事大赛，作者深刻认识到每个角色都有其独特的优点与重要性。此后，作者持续在讲解员的角色上努力，不断突破，在地区逐渐崭露头角。此时使用虚拟语气，清晰地表达出对妈妈鼓励的感激之情。通过这种假设，强调了妈妈的鼓励在作者成长过程中的关键作用。
例 2
Withut my teacher's patient guidance, I wuldn't have been able t slve this difficult math prblem. It was s challenging that I almst gave up.
（要是没有老师耐心的指导，我不可能解出这道难题。它太难了，我差点就放弃了。）
【分析】学生在面对难题几乎放弃时，老师的指导起到了关键作用。通过虚拟语气，突出了对老师指导的感激，表明没有老师的帮助，自己无法完成解题。
例 3
But fr my friends' supprt, I culdn't have survived that tugh time after I lst my jb. They were always there fr me.
（要不是朋友们的支持，在我失业后的那段艰难时光我不可能挺过来。他们一直陪伴着我。）
【分析】在失业这一艰难处境下，朋友的支持显得尤为重要。此虚拟语气表达，深刻体现了对朋友支持的感激之情，突出朋友支持在度过艰难时期的不可或缺性。
（三）“ If nly...”：抒发强烈愿望
例 1
2021 届浙江慈溪中学模拟题
“If nly I had been the 3rd runner wh had gt t the finish line.”
（要是我是第 3 位到达终点线的跑步者该多好啊！）
【分析】作者在摔倒后坚持跑到终点，却发现自己与第三名失之交臂，无缘心仪的奖品。此时运用虚拟语气，表达与过去事实相反的情形，强烈地突出了作者内心的渴望。这种表达方式，将作者对获得第三名的强烈愿望展现得淋漓尽致。
例 2
If nly I culd fly like a bird and escape frm this bring meeting. I have s many mre interesting things t d.
（要是我能像鸟儿一样飞，逃离这个无聊的会议该多好啊。我有太多更有趣的事情要做。）
【分析】说话者对当前无聊的会议极度厌烦，通过虚拟语气表达出像鸟儿一样飞走，摆脱会议的强烈愿望，突出对自由和做感兴趣之事的渴望。
例 3
If nly I had seen the Nrthern Lights nce in my life. It's been my dream since I was a child.
（要是我一生中能看一次北极光该多好啊。这从小就是我的梦想。）
【分析】尽管尚未实现看北极光的梦想，但通过虚拟语气，强烈地抒发了对实现这一梦想的渴望，体现出对北极光的向往之情。
（四）固定句型：流露后悔或遗憾
1． “Hw sb wished that．．． had (nt) dne sth”
例 1
2021 山东泰安期中试题
“Hw Timmy wished that he hadn’t been s rude t his cach.”
（Timmy 多么希望之前没有那么粗鲁地对待教练啊！）
【分析】Timmy 一直是球队主力，却不愿传球给队友，不仅不听从教练劝导，还因恶劣态度被取消参加区里比赛的资格。与妈妈交流后，他意识到自己的错误。此时使用该虚拟语气句型，精准地表达出 Timmy 内心深深的后悔之情。通过这种表达，让读者能深切感受到 Timmy 对自己过去行为的懊悔。
例 2
Hw I wished that I had studied harder in high schl. Nw I realize hw imprtant knwledge is.
（我多么希望我在高中时能更努力学习啊。现在我才意识到知识有多重要。）
【分析】回顾高中学习时光，因现在意识到知识的重要性，而对过去没有努力学习感到后悔。此句型强烈地表达出对过去未努力学习这一行为的遗憾。
例 3
Hw she wished that she hadn't said thse hurtful wrds t her best friend. Nw their relatinship is in a mess.
（她多么希望自己没有对最好的朋友说那些伤人的话啊。现在她们的关系一团糟。）
【分析】因为说了伤人的话导致与好友关系变差，通过此虚拟语气句型，深刻体现出对自己过去不当言语的后悔，突出对破坏友谊的懊悔之情。
2． “sb．+谓语, wishing that．．．”
例 1
2021 广州七校联考题
“I was rted n the grund due t being frightened, wishing that I had refused my mther’s advice yesterday.”
（我由于恐惧愣在那里，真希望我昨天拒绝妈妈的建议。）
【分析】作者起初不接受自己担任故事讲解员的角色，但在妈妈劝说下参加了学校的故事大赛。比赛中途，作者内心产生纠结，后悔参加比赛。此时运用虚拟语气，生动地表现出作者后悔的情绪。这种表达方式，将作者在特定情境下的后悔心理刻画得入木三分。
例 2
He std there, watching the train leaving, wishing that he had bught a ticket earlier. Nw he had t wait fr the next ne.
（他站在那里，看着火车驶离，真希望自己早点买票。现在他不得不等下一趟了。）
【分析】因为没早点买票而错过当前这趟火车，通过“wishing that...”结构，表达出对未提前买票这一行为的后悔，体现出错过火车后的懊恼情绪。
例 3
She sat in the crner, crying sftly, wishing that she hadn't been s stubbrn. Nw she had lst the chance t make up with her byfriend.
（她坐在角落里轻声哭泣，真希望自己没有那么固执。现在她失去了和男朋友和好的机会。）
【分析】由于自己的固执失去与男友和好机会，“wishing that...”这一虚拟语气结构生动地展现出她的后悔心情，凸显对破坏感情关系的悔恨。
（五）“as if...”：描绘生动形象
例 1
2020 年浙江模拟题
“The glasses drpped int the river, as if the water had swallwed them.”
（眼镜掉到河里，好像水已经吞噬了它。）
【分析】主人公兄弟俩与爸爸在森林中的河边行走时，爸爸不慎摔倒，眼镜掉进河中。兄弟俩急忙寻找，却因河水湍急而无果。此时运用虚拟语气，借助“as if”句型描绘出河水的汹涌，仿佛水具有吞噬眼镜的“生命力”。此句型不仅是虚拟语气的体现，还运用了比喻的写作手法，使场景描写更加生动形象，让读者如临其境。
例 2
The ld huse creaked in the wind, as if it were an ancient giant graning. The sund made the night even mre eerie.
（老房子在风中嘎吱作响，仿佛是一个古老的巨人在呻吟。这声音让夜晚显得更加阴森。）
【分析】通过“as if”将老房子比作古老巨人在呻吟，生动地描绘出老房子在风中发出声响的情景，营造出阴森的氛围，使读者能更真切地感受到那种氛围。
例 3
The snwflakes danced in the air, as if they were little fairies perfrming a beautiful ballet. It was a truly magical sight.
（雪花在空中飞舞，仿佛是小仙女们在表演一场美丽的芭蕾舞。这真是一幅神奇的景象。）
【分析】运用“as if”把雪花比作小仙女表演芭蕾舞，形象地描绘出雪花飘落的姿态，赋予雪花灵动的美感，让读者能够感受到这一美妙场景的奇幻氛围。
综合演练：
I’d been invited t jin a grup f peple wh tk water and breakfast t a lcal park where day labrers gathered, hping t be chsen fr wrk. My friend Kim and I spke with a Mexican man in his frties named Natal, wearing a T-shirt and faded jeans. Next t him, n the lw wall where he sat, rested a large backpack and a bedrll.
We had a wnderful cnversatin, ranging frm the difficulty f finding wrk t artwrk, frm Santa Fe histry t Natal’s “beautiful hme,” as he described it. Natal tld us f his travels in search f wrk. He had traveled all ver the U.S. and Canada, taking jbs where he fund them, meeting peple, and seeing the sights. He tld us he’d especially lved Oregn.
He was filled with praise, t, fr the beauty f the Sangre de Crist Muntains utside Santa Fe and fr all the histry in the twn. We agreed that the area was extremely beautiful. He grinned and tld us it was imprtant t appreciate beauty. Then, he invited us t visit him in his hme in the muntains. He wanted t shw us the beauty f the trees and have us smell the freshness in the muntains. He wanted t be a gd hst.
We cntinued t talk and it became clear that Natal’s “hme” was a clearing under the trees. His bed was the bedrll he carried with him, spread n the grund under the starlight. He lved it there and wanted t share it with us. We declined, telling him that we were hnred by the invitatin, but that ur classes wuld keep us t busy t make the trip.
Natal’s lve f his “hme” was in sharp cntrast t my cmplaint abut the water in my pipes nt heating up fast enugh, abut my bedrm ceiling being t lw, abut nt having central air cnditining, abut my lack f a fenced yard. Hw annying I was! If I was amazed by his appreciatin fr everything he had, I was cmpletely flred (击倒) by what happened next.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I have always hated scks and it was a warm June day, s I was wearing n scks.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
He thught I felt his scks weren’t gd enugh fr me.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
单句训练
我一直都讨厌袜子，那是一个温暖的六月日，所以我不穿袜子。

在谈话的过程中，纳塔尔注意到我的脚上没有袜子。

他指着头问我是否需要袜子。

我看着我的脚，好像它们刚在那里长大了。

他评论说我没有穿袜子，我必须需要袜子。

他毫不犹豫地打开背包，拿出一包袜子，给我看。

我很快告诉他，不，不，我不需要袜子。

他觉得我觉得他的袜子对我不够好。

他想让我知道，他们从来没有被任何人穿过。全新的！

这已经足够好了！我告诉他，我很荣幸他会把袜子给我，但我真的不喜欢穿袜子。

他承认我并没有因为穿袜子而感到不安；我就是根本不想要穿袜子。

他不知道的是，我完全被感动了，几乎流到了眼泪。

让我们不要忘记，我们志愿者从来都不是唯一有付出的人

很多时候，当我们伸手帮助别人时，我们得到的比我们付出的更多。

这对我们来说是多么大的祝福啊。

参考答案
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者被邀请去参加一个志愿者选拔工作，在等待的过程中，作者和朋友金与一个墨西哥人Natal交谈，他们谈论了很多，交谈过程中作者因Natal对“家”的爱而对自己常抱怨感到羞愧。更令作者感到感动的是，Natal看到作者没穿袜子，马上拿出来一包新袜子，还说袜子是新的，这种给予和收获的行为使作者很感慨。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①.由第一段首句内容“我一直讨厌袜子，而且那是一个温暖的六月天，所以我没穿袜子。”可知，第一段可描写Natal看见作者没有穿袜子，问作者是否需要袜子，并从他的背包里拿出来一包袜子。作者告诉他自己不需要袜子。
②.由第二段首句内容“他认为我觉得他的袜子配不上我。”可知，第二段可描写Natal向作者解释这些袜子是全新的、没穿过的。作者感谢了他并解释了自己不要袜子。作者被Natal的行为感动了。
2.续写线索：Natal看见——询问作者——拿出袜子——作者拒绝——Natal解释——作者解释——感动作者——作者感悟
3词汇激活
行为类
①.注意到：ntice/ find/ be aware f
②.拿出：pull ut/ take ut
情绪类
①.荣幸：hnred/ be in great pleasure
②.感动：tuched/ mved/ emtinal
高分句型
1. In the midst f cnversatin, Natal nticed that I had n scks n my feet.（运用了由that引导的宾语从句作nticed的宾语）
2. What he didn’t knw was that I was abslutely tuched, almst t the pint f tears. （运用了由what引导的主语从句和由that引导的表语从句）
3. Let’s nt frget that we vlunteers are never the nly nes with smething t give—and many times, when we reach ut t help thers, we receive mre than we give. （运用了由that引导的宾语从句作frget的宾语和由when连接的时间状语从句）
单句训练
I have always hated scks and it was a warm June day, s I was wearing n scks.
In the midst f cnversatin, Natal nticed that I had n scks n my feet.
He pinted and asked if I needed scks.
I lked at my feet as thugh they had just grwn there.
He cmmented that I wasn’t wearing scks and that I must need scks.
Withut hesitatin, he pened his backpack, pulled ut a package f scks, and shwed me.
I quickly tld him that, n, n, I didn’t need scks.
He thught I felt his scks weren’t gd enugh fr me.
He wanted me t knw they had never been wrn by anyne. Brand-new! Gd enugh!
I tld him I was hnred he wuld give me his scks but that I truly disliked wearing scks.
He accepted that I wasn’t disturbed by the idea f wearing his scks; I just didn’t want any scks at all.
What he didn’t knw was that I was abslutely tuched, almst t the pint f tears.
Let’s nt frget that we vlunteers are never the nly nes with smething t give
and many times, when we reach ut t help thers, we receive mre than we give.
What a blessing fr us.
佳作展现
I have always hated scks and it was a warm June day, s I was wearing n scks. In the midst f cnversatin, Natal nticed that I had n scks n my feet. He pinted and asked if I needed scks. I lked at my feet as thugh they had just grwn there. He cmmented that I wasn’t wearing scks and that I must need scks. Withut hesitatin, he pened his backpack, pulled ut a package f scks, and shwed me. I quickly tld him that, n, n, I didn’t need scks.
He thught I felt his scks weren’t gd enugh fr me. He wanted me t knw they had never been wrn by anyne. Brand-new! Gd enugh! I tld him I was hnred he wuld give me his scks but that I truly disliked wearing scks. He accepted that I wasn’t disturbed by the idea f wearing his scks; I just didn’t want any scks at all. What he didn’t knw was that I was abslutely tuched, almst t the pint f tears. Let’s nt frget that we vlunteers are never the nly nes with smething t give—and many times, when we reach ut t help thers, we receive mre than we give. What a blessing fr us.