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专题06 衔接和连贯的秘密(2) 讲义+练习
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这是一份专题06 衔接和连贯的秘密(2) 讲义+练习,共10页。
除了上述连接成分,遵循记叙体所需的顺序性更为关键。只有实现了这种顺序性,文章读起来才会流畅自然,给人一气呵成、畅快淋漓的感觉。一篇好的文章,即便没有华丽的辞藻,也绝不能前言不搭后语地拼凑,或者句子之间出现逻辑跳跃,否则会让读者费解。很多时候,写作者往往会想当然地认为读者能够自行填补句子间的逻辑关系,却忽略了读者在有限的阅读时间内并没有耐心去仔细推敲。
记叙体的顺序主要分为以下几种,它们并非完全独立,有时会相互交织:
时间顺序
时间顺序是记叙文中最为重要且常用的顺序,具体可分为时间的快慢和时间的先后。
时间缓慢流逝
描述时间缓慢流逝,可以用“g slwly”“drag by/n”等表达。
例如:“The rest f the day went very slwly fr Anne.”(那天余下的时间对安妮来说过得很慢。)此句形象地体现出安妮在那段时间里感觉时间异常缓慢的状态。
再如:“Why d physics lessns always seem t drag?”(为什么上物理课总是好像过得那么慢?)进一步展示了“drag”描述时间缓慢流逝的用法。
时间快速流逝
描述时间快速流逝,可用“g fast/quickly”“tick away”等表达,尤指时间紧迫或感到害怕、焦虑不安时。
例如:“He had t watch the minutes tick away as the emergency services tried t lcate him.”(当救援队在设法搜索他的位置时,他只得看着时间一分一秒地过去。)此句通过“tick away”生动地描绘出他在等待救援时,对时间流逝的紧张感受。
再如:“The secnds ticked away, and he became mre and mre nervus.”(时间一秒一秒过去,他越来越紧张。)
紧接着/后来
常见的表达有:
“the fllwing weeks/days/hurs… + witnessed/saw sth ding…”(接下来的时间,某事发生了)
例如:“The fllwing days witnessed the imprvement f his health.”(接下来的几天,他的健康状况有所改善。)
例如:“The fllwing weeks saw a series f interesting events.”(接下来的几周发生了一系列有趣的事。)
“That's when sth. happened.”(就在那时,发生了某事)
例如:“He was walking in the park. That's when he saw a strange bird.”(他正在公园散步,就在那时他看到了一只奇怪的鸟。)
例如:“She was abut t leave. That's when the phne rang.”(她正要离开,就在那时电话响了。)
“Everything settling dwn / Everything ready, 主句”(一切完成/就绪后,……)
例如:“Everything settling dwn, they started t enjy the party.”(一切都安定下来后,他们开始享受派对。)
例如:“Everything ready, the experiment began smthly.”(一切准备就绪,实验顺利开始。)
“It was/tk + 时间 (a lng mment/a day…) befre sb did sth.”(过了一段时间后,某人开始做某事)
例如:“It was a lng mment befre he recvered frm the shck.”(过了好一会儿,他才从震惊中恢复过来。)
例如:“It tk a day befre she finally made a decisin.”(过了一天她才最终做出决定。)
此外,还有以下短语和表达:
“the next minute”(随即)
“(be) fllwed by”(接下来是)
“at that”(听到那)
“with that”(说完那话;做完那事;随即;接着就)
“befre ding sth. = and then sb did sth”
“after ding”
“then”(然后)
“later”(后来)
“afterwards”(然后)
“just in time t find/see…”(恰好发现/看到……)
“nly t d…”(结果,强调意外结果)
“There is n time t d…/fr sth.”(没有时间做某事了)
“Just as when sb did…主句”(正当某人做某事)
例如:
“With that, she rushed ut f the rm.”(说完那话,她就猛地冲出了房间。)展示了她在说完话后的即刻行动。
“He finished his meal. Then he went ut fr a walk.”(他吃完饭后,然后出去散步了。)体现了“then”表示时间先后顺序的用法。
空间顺序
在进行读后续写时,当涉及从一个人或物转移到另一个人或物时,除了对话描写外,还可以运用视觉或听觉带来的焦点转移、合围、观众反应等方法。
视觉和听觉
相关表达有:
“the sight f…”(看到……)
“at the sight f…”(一看到……)
“shift ne's eyes frm…t…”(目光从……转移到……上)
例如:
“His eyes shifted frm face t face.”(他的目光从他们的脸上一个个扫过。)形象地展现了他观察的动作和视角的转移。
“At the sight f the teacher, the students stpped talking immediately.”(一看到老师,学生们立刻停止了讲话。)体现了“at the sight f”引导的场景转换。
合围
常见表达有:
“be surrunded by…”(被……包围)
“pull/draw sb aside”(把人拉到一边)
“pull/gather up sb int ne's arms”(把某人拉到怀里)
“arund sb/sth”(在……旁边)
例如:
“Everyne crwded arund the little dg.”(大家都围在小狗周围。)描绘出众人围绕小狗的场景。
“The plice surrunded the building t catch the criminal.”(警察包围了大楼以抓捕罪犯。)展示了“be surrunded by”在场景描写中的运用。
方向移动
通过动词(如 walk、step、make ne's way、tipte、creep)搭配介词(如 ut f、twards、acrss、thrugh、dwn、up、int、nt),表示方向的移动。
例如:
“She pulled ut int the street.”(她开车来到大街上。)体现了她的行动方向。
“He tipted thrugh the hallway t avid waking thers.”(他踮着脚穿过走廊以免吵醒其他人。)展示了方向移动的具体场景描写。
意识流动顺序
在记叙文中,借助思维活动推动故事发展是很常见的手法,通常表现为(突然)想到某事、大脑里的声音、想象等。
(突然)想到某事
常见表达有:
“…”he thught.(“……”他想)
“Thughts/mind raced”(大脑急速转动)
“The thught f… + 谓语(如:make, bring)”(一想到……就……)
“ccur t”(突然想到)
“crss ne's mind”(突然想起)
“strike sb”(某人突然想到)
“at the thught/image f…”(一想到……)
例如:
“‘Hw strange!’ he thught.”(“真奇怪!”他想道。)
“‘What if I fail?’ she thught wrriedly.”(“要是我失败了怎么办?”她忧心忡忡地想。)
“The thught f Nick made her thrat tighten.”(一想到尼克,她的喉咙就发紧。)
“The thught f ging n a trip made him excited.”(一想到要去旅行,他就很兴奋。)
大脑里的声音
相关表达有:
“The inner vice tld sb t d…”(内心的声音告诉某人做某事)
“Sth. rings in ne's brain”(某人的脑子里响起了……)
“hear ne's vice in the mind”(在脑海里,能听到某人的声音)
例如:
“My inner vice tld me t be cautius.”(我内心有个声音告诉我要小心谨慎。)
“The warning wrds rang in his brain, making him hesitate.”(那些警告的话在他脑海中回响,让他犹豫不决。)
想象什么
用“imagine”“picture”(想象,描绘)这两个动词,以及“Daydream abut sth.”(做关于……的白日梦)。
例如:
“I said, picturing the fancy brick huse that we passed n ur way hme frm schl.”(我说着,脑中勾勒出上学来回路上经过的那栋华丽的砖房。)
“She imagined herself winning the cmpetitin and being praised by everyne.”(她想象自己赢得了比赛,受到大家的赞扬。)
场景的氛围
在记叙文中,一个人的动作或说话结束(有时是过程中)时,不一定紧接着是另一个人的反应,还可能是人群的欢呼或喝彩声(也可以是起哄),或是一片寂静。
人群的反应
相关表达有:
“A murmur f (apprval, ppsitin…) came frm the crwd.”(从人群里传来……的窃窃私语)
“…be greeted with cries f…”(……引起了一片……的吼叫)
“prduced/caused an awkward silence”(……引起了一阵尴尬的沉默)
“fund an ech in her wn feelings”(……引起了她的共鸣)
“…struck a chrd with his audience”(……引起了听众的共鸣)
“A thunderus applause burst ut frm the audience.”(观众中爆发出雷鸣般的掌声)
“The auditrium thundered with applause.”(礼堂里响起了雷鸣般的掌声)
“Applause!”(掌声!)
例如:
“A murmur f apprval came frm the crwd when the speaker finished his speech.”(演讲者结束演讲时,人群中传来一阵赞许的窃窃私语。)
“The annuncement was greeted with cries f jy.”(公告一宣布,人们欢呼雀跃。)
“His inapprpriate jke prduced an awkward silence.”(他不合时宜的笑话引起了一阵尴尬的沉默。)
“The speaker had bviusly struck a chrd with his audience.”(讲演者显然已引起了听众的共鸣。)
“After the perfrmance, a thunderus applause burst ut frm the audience.”(表演结束后,观众中爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。)
一片寂静
相关表达有:
“…be met with silence / …be fllwed by a very lng silence, brken by…”(迎接……的是一阵沉默……随后是很长时间的沉默,接着沉默被……打破)
“There was an embarrassed silence.”(一阵尴尬的沉默)
“silence falls/descends (n/upn sth)”(沉默降临在……)
例如:
“Her questin was met with an uneasy silence.”(她的提问遭遇了一阵令人局促不安的冷场。)
“There was an embarrassed silence after his self-intrductin.”(他自我介绍后出现了一阵尴尬的沉默。)
“A sudden silence fell ver the rm.”(突然整个房间静了下来。)
“As the night deepened, silence descended upn the small village.”(随着夜色渐深,寂静降临在这个小村庄。)
综合演练:
Have yu ever had t vercme an extreme challenge in yur life?
My teenage years had been insane. Frm schlwrk t athletics, I had always been running arund. Everything was s difficult.
Thrughut my hectic teenage years I have been faced with many extreme challenges that have required extreme fcus and hard wrk t vercme. If it hadn’t been fr hard wrk, nne f these challenges that I faced wuld have been cnquered.
Tw years ag, when I was a freshman in high schl, I dealt with an extremely significant injury. This tk place in my tennis turnament in Januaty. In the climax f my match, I jlted my back t the left and sn after felt a sharp, painful shck run thrugh my spine. I knew at that difficult mment I seriusly injured my back. I was rushed ff the curt and my parents made an appintment with an rthpedist (矫形外科医生) fr the next mrning.
I walked int the ffice extremely nervus and suffering frm excruciating pain. My tennis seasn fr schl started in three mnths and I abslutely needed t build up the strength.
After abut twenty minutes f waiting in the ffice, which felt like an eternity, the dctr walked in t examine my X-rays. With a srrwful face, the dctr lked int mine and my mther's eyes and said, There is a 50/50 chance that Lucas will be able t participate in this yearns tennis seasn. Lucas brke his L5 vertebrae in his lwer back." My heart drpped and I felt a sadness cme ver me. The dctr said that I wuld be sitting ut f physical activity fr tw and a half t three mnths.
Thse three mnths were the lngest three mnths f my life. I was s eager t get back t practices fr the seasn.Every day, I wuld think abut hw it was ging t be when I was fully healthy. I asked myself, "Am I ging t be ut f shape? Shuld I even play this year? I prbably wn't have a successful seasn. "
Frm that dreadful day n, I decided that I was ging t put in the wrk t be back in tp frm and have a successful seasn.
Paragraph 1:
After I gt the "all clear" frm my rthpedist l was ging t get t wrk.
______________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
My hard wrk prved t be very effective.
______________________________________________________________________________________
翻译小练习:
1. 训练将在两个星期后开始,我决心重返赛场。
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. 我对成功的渴望使我甚至在赛季前一天就开始了两个小时的比赛和锻炼。
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. 通过练习,我会去健身房,努力增强受伤前的力量。
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
4. 我度过了我职业生涯中最成功的一个赛季。我进入了决赛。
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
5. 虽然我真的很想赢,但我知道能站在这个位置上对我来说是一个巨大的成就。
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
6. 这次受伤几乎是件好事,因为我向自己证明了我有能力实现我所追求的目标,当然是通过努力工作。
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
7. 那个赛季是我职业生涯中最有收获的一个赛季。
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
8. 在赛季结束时,我觉得自己很有成就感。努力工作总有回报。
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案:
1. 训练将在两个星期后开始,我决心重返赛场。
Practices were ging t start in tw weeks and I was determined t get back n the curt.
2. 我对成功的渴望使我甚至在赛季前一天就开始了两个小时的比赛和锻炼。
My hunger fr success made me play and wrk ut fr tw hurs even day befre the seasn.
3. 通过练习,我会去健身房,努力增强受伤前的力量。
Thrugh practices, I wuld hit the gym and try t build up the strength that I had befre the injury.
4. 我度过了我职业生涯中最成功的一个赛季。我进入了决赛。
I had the mst successful seasn f my career. I made it t the finals.
5. 虽然我真的很想赢,但我知道能站在这个位置上对我来说是一个巨大的成就。
Althugh I truly wanted t win, I knew that it was a great accmplishment fr me t be in that psitin even nt in the first place.
6. 这次受伤几乎是件好事,因为我向自己证明了我有能力实现我所追求的目标,当然是通过努力工作。
The injury was almst a gd thing because I prved t myself that I am capable f achieving gals that I strive fr, thrugh hard wrk f curse.
7. 那个赛季是我职业生涯中最有收获的一个赛季。
That seasn was by far the mst rewarding seasn f my career.
8. 在赛季结束时,我觉得自己很有成就感。努力工作总有回报。
I felt s accmplished at the end f the seasn. Hard wrk always pays ff.
参考范文:
Paragraph 1:
After I gt the "all clear'' frm my rthpedist I was ging t get t wrk. Practices were ging t start in tw weeks and I was determined t get back n the curt. My hunger fr success made me play and wrk ut fr tw hurs even day befre the seasn. Thrugh practices, I wuld hit the gym and try t build up the strength that I had befre the injury.
Paragraph 2:
My hard wrk prved t be very effective. I had the mst successful seasn f my career. I made it t the finals. Althugh I truly wanted t win, I knew that it was a great accmplishment fr me t be in that psitin even nt in the first place. The injury was almst a gd thing because I prved t myself that I am capable f achieving gals that I strive fr, thrugh hard wrk f curse. That seasn was by far the mst rewarding seasn f my career. I felt s accmplished at the end f the seasn. Hard wrk always pays ff.
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