专题11 修辞的力量（1） 讲义+练习

这是一份专题11 修辞的力量（1） 讲义+练习，共10页。试卷主要包含了写作中用隐喻为句子表达润色，续写中运用隐喻的方法举例等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、写作中用隐喻为句子表达润色
用名词展现形象景象
例句：All the wrld’s a stage, and all the men and wmen merely players.
中文翻译：整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。
解释：将“世界”比作“舞台”，“人”比作“演员”，形象地表达了人生的短暂与角色的变换。
例句：The human tide was rlling westward.
中文翻译：人流向西涌去。
解释：把“人群”比作“潮水”，生动地描绘了人群的汹涌和流动。
例句：Life is a jurney.
中文翻译：人生是一次旅行。
解释：将“人生”比作“旅行”，突出了人生的起伏和探索的过程。
例句：He is a walking dictinary.
中文翻译：他是一本活词典。
解释：把“人”比作“词典”，形象地表达了他知识渊博。
用动词模仿动作特征
例句：The by wlfed dwn the fd the mment he grabbed it.
中文翻译：那男孩儿一抓到食物便狼吞虎咽般地吃了下去。
解释：用“wlfed dwn”（狼吞虎咽）模仿狼吃东西的动作，形象地表现出男孩的饥饿。
例句：Waves thundered against the rcks.
中文翻译：水浪猛烈地拍打着岩岸。
解释：将“海浪拍打”比作“雷声轰鸣”，生动地描绘了海浪的汹涌。
例句：The by is shting up fast.
中文翻译：这个小孩长得特快。
解释：用“shting up”（像子弹一样向上）形容小孩长得快。
例句：I have been wrestling with this prblem fr half an hur.
中文翻译：我钻研这个问题已经半小时了。
解释：将“解决问题”比作“摔跤”，形象地表达了解决问题的艰难。
用形容词凸显面貌、形态特征等
例句：He has a glden pprtunity.
中文翻译：他有着极好的机会。
解释：用“glden”（金色的）形容“机会”，隐喻机会的珍贵。
例句：He has the micrwave smile that warms anther persn withut heat.
中文翻译：他有一种微波微笑，能不加热而使别人温暖。
解释：将“微笑”比作“微波”，形象地表达了微笑的温暖。
例句：We regard it as a burning shame t have lagged behind.
中文翻译：我们把落后看成是奇耻大辱。
解释：用“burning”（燃烧的）形容“羞耻”，强调羞耻感的强烈。
例句：He has a heart f stne.
中文翻译：他有一颗铁石心肠。
解释：将“心”比作“石头”，形象地表达了他冷酷无情。
用副词限定、强调或摹状动作
例句：He flatly refused us.
中文翻译：他坚决拒绝我们。
解释：用“flatly”（断然地）强调“拒绝”的坚决。
例句：Time passed at a nail’s pace.
中文翻译：时间过得很慢。
解释：用“nail’s pace”（钉子的速度）来形容时间的缓慢。
例句：They escaped by a hair’s breadth.
中文翻译：他们死里逃生。
解释：用“hair’s breadth”（头发丝的宽度）来形容逃脱的惊险。
例句：He was almst at the end f his tether when he stumbled n the slutin f his difficulty.
中文翻译：他在山穷水尽之际找到了解决困难的办法。
解释：用“end f his tether”（绳子的尽头）来形容他陷入绝境。
用谚语的文化内涵增添表述的活力
例句：T many cks spil the brth.
中文翻译：人多坏事。
解释：通过“太多厨师毁了汤”这一形象比喻，表达“人多手杂”的道理。
例句：Strike the irn while it is ht.
中文翻译：趁热打铁。
解释：用“打铁需趁热”这一谚语，隐喻抓住时机的重要性。
例句：Yu can nt make an melet withut breaking eggs.
中文翻译：做事不可畏首畏尾。
解释：通过“做煎蛋卷不打破鸡蛋”这一比喻，表达“做事要有决断”的道理。
例句：Every dg has its day.
中文翻译：人人皆有得意时。
解释：用“每条狗都有它的日子”这一谚语，表达“每个人都有成功的时候”。
通过运用隐喻，可以将抽象的概念具体化，使语言更加生动形象，增强文章的表现力和感染力。在写作中灵活运用隐喻，能够使续写内容更加丰富、有趣。
二、续写中运用隐喻的方法举例
下面我们以高考试题为例，简要分析如何在续写中使用隐喻，为表达增添活力。
(2021年1月，浙江高考)阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Pumpkin (南瓜) carving at Hallween is a family traditin. We visit a lcal farm every Octber. In the pumpkin field， I cmpete with my three brthers and sister t seek ut the biggest pumpkin. My dad has a rule that we have t carry ur pumpkins back hme， and as the eldest child I have an advantage﹣I carried an 85﹣punder back last year.
This year， it was hard t tell whether my prize r the ne chsen by my 14﹣year﹣ld brther， Jasn， was the winner. Unfrtunately we frgt t weigh them befre taking ut their insides， but I was determined t prve my pint. All f us were hard at wrk at the kitchen table，with my mm filming the annual event. I'm unsure nw why I thught frcing my head inside the pumpkin wuld settle the matter，but it seemed t make perfect sense at the time.
With the pumpkin resting n the table，hle uppermst，I bent ver and pressed my head against the pening. At first I gt jammed just abve my eyes and then，as I went n with my task，unwilling t quit，my nse briefly prevented entry. Finally I managed t put my whle head int it，like a crk(软木塞)frced int a bttle. I was able t straighten up with the huge pumpkin resting n my shulders.
My excitement was shrt﹣lived. The pumpkin was heavy. "I'm ging t set it dwn，nw，" I said，and with Jasn helping t supprt its weight，I bent back ver the table t give it smewhere t rest. It was nly when I tried t remve my head that I realized getting ut was ging t be less straightfrward than getting in. When I pulled hard， my nse gt in the way. I gt int a panic as I pressed firmly against the table and mved my head arund trying t find the right angle， but it was n use. "I can't get it ut!" I shuted， my vice sunding unnaturally lud in the enclsed space.
注意：
1． 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1
I was stuck fr five r six minutes thugh it felt much lnger. _____________________________________
Paragraph 2
That vide was psted the day befre Hallween. ________________________________________
1．利用隐喻增添续写表现力的策略
(1)用形容词模拟心理状态
例如： I culd hear my sister’s cutting laughter and Jasn’s muffled vice talking abut frcing the giant thing pen. 我能听到我姐姐刺耳的笑声，还有杰森低沉的声音在谈论如何把那个巨大的东西打开。
(2)用动词刻画动作效果
例如：The air inside the hllw vegetable was flded with f my anxius breath.空心南瓜的空气中充满了我焦虑的呼吸。
(3)用名词凸显某一事件带来的影响
例如：One girl recalled celebrating it with her brthers and sisters, and thanked us fr “bringing her hme”.一个女孩回忆起和她的兄弟姐妹一起庆祝，并感谢我们“把她带回家”。
2．用隐喻增添续写语篇的表现力
It was five r six minutes thugh it felt much lnger. The air inside the hllw vegetable was flded f my anxius breath. I culd hear my sister’s cutting laughter and Jasn’s muffled vice talking abut frcing the giant thing pen. “N! Nt my precius pumpkin!” I prtested. Eventually, Dad helped me adjust my bdy t a mre relaxed psitin, and pulled the pumpkin gently ff my head. Hair in knts, nse and chain cvered in pumpkin flesh, I let ut a sigh f relief. That’s when I realized the camera had been rlling the whle time!
The vide was psted nline the Mnday befre Hallween.I lked just like a pumpkin head in it. Embarrassed and a little annyed, I fled t my rm, but Mm stpped me. “Yu haven’t read the cmments yet.” I scrlled dwn the screen and marveled at the stries the viewers shared abut Hallween. One girl recalled celebrating it with her brthers and sisters, and thanked us fr “bringing her hme”. The wrds brught warmth t my heart and tears t my eyes. I felt lucky t be a part f this mischievus yet lving family.
翻译：
尽管感觉时间更长，但实际上只有五六分钟。那个空心蔬菜里充满了我焦虑的呼吸。我能听到我妹妹尖锐的笑声，以及杰森闷声闷气地讨论如何把那个巨大的东西弄开。“不！不要弄坏我的宝贝南瓜！”我抗议道。最终，爸爸帮我调整了身体姿势，让身体更放松，然后轻轻地把南瓜从我的头上取了下来。头发乱成一团，鼻子和下巴上都沾满了南瓜肉，我松了一口气。就在那时，我意识到摄像机一直在拍摄！
在万圣节前的星期一，这段视频被发布到了网上。视频里我看起来像个南瓜头。我感到尴尬又有点生气，于是跑进了房间，但妈妈拦住了我。“你还没看评论呢。”我滑动屏幕，惊讶地看到观众们分享的关于万圣节的故事。一个女孩回忆起和兄弟姐妹一起庆祝万圣节的经历，并感谢我们“让她回到了家”。这些话语温暖了我的心，也让我热泪盈眶。我感到幸运，能成为这个顽皮却又充满爱的家庭的一员。
综合演练：
Carl lst his jb. He tried t find anther ne but it wasn’t easy. As a result, the pr fellw culdn’t pay his bills and he culdn’t even find anybdy t lend him any.
Carl spent mst f his days at hme. Smetimes he lked ut f the windw and watched his neighbr’s huse. An ld prfessr lived there alne. Strangely, he hardly talked t his neighbrs. Carl culd see int the prfessr’s huse because he never drew the curtain. The rms were full f antique (古董) furniture and vases. Carl thught, “If I gt an antique vase, I culd sell it fr a lt f mney.”
Every day Carl saw the prfessr. He left at 10 ’clck in the mrning and came back hme at 4 ’clck in the afternn. He had a dg. Carl ften went t the fence and played with it r gave it a piece f meat.
One day Carl thught, “I will g int the prfessr’s huse and steal a vase. I will break the windw and climb in. The dg is nt a prblem.”
There was an ld gun in the cellar(地下室). It had been his great grandfather’s favrite thing a lng time befre. Carl didn’t want t use the gun but he thught, “Anything culd happen.”
He wanted t hide the gun under his cat but it was t lng s he had t cut the end ff with a saw（锯）.
The next mrning he watched the prfessr leaving hme at 10 ’clck. Carl climbed ver the fence. The dg ran t him and Carl gave it a big bne. He threw a piece f stne thrugh the windw, which brke. It wasn’t high. He culd climb int the huse easily.
He lked arund inside. There were paintings n the walls, small figures and vases n the shelves and the flr. Carl didn’t knw much abut arts. He culdn’t chse. He reached his hands twards a big vase when he heard a nise. The frnt dr pened and smene entered the huse.
Paragraph 1:
It was the prfessr. He had frgtten t take an imprtant dcument (文件) with him.
______________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
The prfessr was scared.
______________________________________________________________________________________
翻译小练习：
1. 卡尔害怕极了，他不假思索地拔出了枪。
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. 教授走进房间看见了他。
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. “你在我家里干什么？”他惊讶而愤怒地问道。
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
4. “我什么都没偷。“放开我，不然我就开枪了。”卡尔喊道，用颤抖的双手指着教授。
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
5. 突然，他大笑起来。“用那把枪？教授问道。
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
6. 奇怪的是，他似乎不再害怕卡尔了。
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
7. 他接着说，“你不能用那把古董枪开枪。你真该把它放进博物馆。”
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
8. “这真的是古董枪吗？”卡尔问。“值多少钱？”“它值17000美金，”教授说。
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
9. “但现在你只能得到100美元。”“为什么？”？卡尔问。教授回答说，“因为它的部分不见了。”
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1. 卡尔害怕极了，他不假思索地拔出了枪。
Carl became s afraid mat he pulled ut the gun withut thinking.
2. 教授走进房间看见了他。
The Prfessr came int the rm and saw him.
3. “你在我家里干什么？”他惊讶而愤怒地问道。
“What are yu ding in my huse” he asked surprisingly and angrily.
4. “我什么都没偷。“放开我，不然我就开枪了。”卡尔喊道，用颤抖的双手指着教授。
“I havent stlen anything. Just let me g r I will sht” cried Carl, pinting the gun at the prfessr with his trembling hands.
5. 突然，他大笑起来。“用那把枪？教授问道。
Suddenly, he burst int laughter. “With that gun?” asked the prfessr.
6. 奇怪的是，他似乎不再害怕卡尔了。
Strangely, he didn’t seem frightened f Carl any mre.
7. 他接着说，“你不能用那把古董枪开枪。你真该把它放进博物馆。”
He cntinued, “Yu can’t sht with that antique gun. Yu shuld have put it in the museum actually.”
8. “这真的是古董枪吗？”卡尔问。“值多少钱？”“它值17000美金，”教授说。
“Is this really an antique gun?” asked Carl. “Hw much is it wrth?” “It was wrth abut 17,000 dllars,”said the prfessr.
9. “但现在你只能得到100美元。”“为什么？”？卡尔问。教授回答说，“因为它的部分不见了。”
“But nw yu can get nly 100 dllars fr it.” “Why?” asked Carl. The prfessr replied, ‘Because its end is missing.”
参考范文：
It was the prfessr. He had frgtten t take an imprtant dcument with him. Carl became s afraid mat he pulled ut the gun withut thinking. The Prfessr came int the rm and saw him. “What are yu ding in my huse” he asked surprisingly and angrily. “I haven’t stlen anything. Just let me g r I will sht” cried Carl, pinting the gun at the prfessr with his trembling hands.
The prfessr was scared. Suddenly, he burst int laughter. “With that gun?” asked the prfessr. Strangely, he didn’t seem frightened f Carl any mre. He cntinued, “Yu can’t sht with that antique gun. Yu shuld have put it in the museum actually.” “Is this really an antique gun?” asked Carl. “Hw much is it wrth?” “It was wrth abut 17,000 dllars,” said the prfessr. “But nw yu can get nly 100 dllars fr it.” “Why?” asked Carl. The prfessr replied, ‘Because its end is missing.”