专题12 修辞的力量（2） 讲义+练习

这是一份专题12 修辞的力量（2） 讲义+练习，共11页。试卷主要包含了用明喻升级句法表达的方法，用明喻为读后续写增色等内容，欢迎下载使用。
明喻的基本结构与特点
明喻的基本格式是：“本体 + 比喻词 + 喻体”。例如：
The USA is like a big melting pt where immigrants f different cultures r races frm an integrated sciety.
中文解释：美国就像一个大熔炉，不同文化和种族的移民在这里形成了一个融合的社会。
解释：这里，“The USA”是本体，“melting pt”是喻体，“like”是比喻词，强调的是“包容”的特点。
明喻的本体和喻体通常是两个不同的事物，即使属于同一类别，也应具有不同的性质或特征。例如：
Peter is as tall as his father.（这不是明喻，只是一个比较句，因为Peter和他的父亲同属人类。）
Peter is as tall as a Mayple.（这是明喻，因为Peter和Mayple分属人和物。）
一、用明喻升级句法表达的方法
使用介词或副词
As
Beauty is as summer fruits, which are easy t crrupt and cannt last.
中文解释：美丽如同夏日的果实，易腐难存。
解释：将“美丽”比作“夏日的果实”，强调其短暂和易逝的特点。
I wandered lnely as a clud.
中文解释：我像一朵浮云独自漫游。
解释：将“我”比作“浮云”，强调孤独和自由漂泊的感觉。
He is as strng as a hrse.
中文解释：他强壮如牛。
解释：将“他”的力量比作“马”的力量，强调其强壮。
All was dark and silent as the grave.
中文解释：一片漆黑，沉寂得像座坟墓。
解释：将“黑暗和寂静”比作“坟墓”，强调其死寂和压抑的氛围。
英语中的明喻成语：
as firm as a rck（坚如磐石）
as light as a feather（轻如鸿毛）
as cl as a cucumber（泰然自若）
Like
Paris is like a mrgue withut yu.
中文解释：没有你，巴黎成了一座停尸房。
解释：将“巴黎”比作“停尸房”，强调没有对方时的冷清和死寂。
He wrks like a hrse.
中文解释：他工作起来像匹马一样卖力。
解释：将“他”的工作态度比作“马”的勤劳，强调其努力。
Living withut an aim is like sailing withut a cmpass.
中文解释：生活没有目标犹如航行没有指南针。
解释：将“没有目标的生活”比作“没有指南针的航行”，强调其盲目和无方向。
Recrds fell like ripe apples n a windy day.
中文解释：纪录像刮风天成熟的苹果一样纷纷被打破。
解释：将“纪录被打破”比作“刮风天成熟的苹果纷纷落下”，强调其频繁和自然。
Of
He has a heart f stne.
中文解释：他有一颗铁石心肠。
解释：将“他的心”比作“石头”，强调其冷漠和坚硬。
He has the heart f a lin.
中文解释：他有狮子般的勇气。
解释：将“他的勇气”比作“狮子”的勇气，强调其勇敢。
使用连词
His heart shivered as a ship shivers at the muntainus crash f the waters.
中文解释：他的心像一艘船在海浪的冲击下颤动。
解释：将“他的心”比作“一艘船在海浪的冲击下颤动”，强调其内心的动荡。
Air is t man as water is t fish.
中文解释：人离不开空气，就像鱼离不开水。
解释：将“人和空气的关系”比作“鱼和水的关系”，强调其依赖性。
Reading is t the mind what exercise is t the bdy.
中文解释：读书对于思想，就像运动对于身体一样重要。
解释：将“读书对思想的重要性”比作“运动对身体的重要性”，强调其必要性。
使用动词或短语
Her face resembled a silver mn.
中文解释：她的脸像一轮银月。
解释：将“她的脸”比作“银月”，强调其美丽和皎洁。
He treats his child as the apple in his eye.
中文解释：他把他的孩子视为掌上明珠。
解释：将“他的孩子”比作“掌上明珠”，强调其珍贵和宠爱。
Shakespeare cmpared the wrld t a stage.
中文解释：莎士比亚把世界比作舞台。
解释：将“世界”比作“舞台”，强调其多样性和表演性。
His nse reminded me f an be when it dilated.
中文解释：他的鼻子在扩张时让我想起了双簧管。
解释：将“他的鼻子”比作“双簧管”，强调其形状和特征。
使用词组
He never listens—yu might as well talk t a brick.
中文解释：他根本不听，和他说话就像对着一堵墙说话。
解释：将“和他说话”比作“对着一堵墙说话”，强调其无效性。
Our village is n less beautiful than this picture.
中文解释：我们的村庄和这幅画一样美丽。
解释：将“我们的村庄”比作“这幅画”，强调其美丽。
A hme withut lve is n mre than a bdy withut a sul.
中文解释：没有爱的家庭就像没有灵魂的躯体。
解释：将“没有爱的家庭”比作“没有灵魂的躯体”，强调其空洞和无意义。
总结
明喻是一种强大的修辞工具，能够为读后续写增添情感和描述力度。通过巧妙使用明喻，学生可以更生动地表达人物的情感、行为和心理状态，使文章更具感染力和可读性。希望以上内容能帮助你在读后续写中更好地运用明喻，提升写作水平。
二、用明喻为读后续写增色
下面我们以高考试题为例，简要说明如何用明喻为续写增色：
(2022年1月，浙江卷)阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
When Dr. Hendersn was assigning(指定) prject mates fr his psychlgy class, I secretly hped he wuld pair me with my best friend r at least a classmate I culd have sme fun with. Abve all, I hped he wuldn't assign me t wrk with the fiercely cmpetitive, extremely serius fellw wh always wre dark clthes and apparently had a persnality t match. As fate (命运)wuld have it, Dr. Hendersn very deliberately matched everyne in class and annunced that I wuld be wrking with the ne persn in class I wanted t avid.
I went up t my new teammate and intrduced myself He lked at me as thugh I weren't there. I felt he treated me as thugh I wuld hld him back and prbably make him fail t get an A in the curse. He wasn't mean r abusive; he just gave me the impressin he culd d whatever prject we dreamed up better if he did it alne.
Needless t say, I didn't lk frward t an entire term f being brushed ff, but I tried t make the best f it and didn't say anything fr fear that I wuld make things wrse.
The prject required each team t develp a hypthesis (假说), set up an experiment t test the hypthesis, d the statistical analysis and present the findings. Whatever grade the team received wuld be shared by bth students.
When my teammate and I met t discuss ur prject, I was uneasy. Here was this challenging student wh had a reputatin fr single-mindedness and gd grades—the exact ppsite f me. I was utmatched. I actually wanted t drp the class at ne pint, but stpped shrt because I didn't want t give him the satisfactin f my chickening ut. I decided t stick t it n matter what.
After lng discussins we smehw agreed t d a study n the psychlgical well-being f teenagers. I wasn't sure what it meant exactly, but at least we had a tpic.
注意：
1． 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2． 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3． 结部分分为两段, 每段的开头语已为你写好；
4． 续写完成后, 请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Para 1. We started t meet regularly t draw up ur plans.
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Para 2. One day I gt wrd that he was admitted t hspital fr a serius disease.
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1．用明喻修辞个美化关键句子
Para.1:
(1)描述个人形象
例如：Thugh I wanted t share my ideas with him fully, I failed t d s as if I were a mnster t him t draw him back in the study.虽然我想和他分享我的想法，但我没有这样做，我好像一个怪物一样会在学习上拖他的后腿。
(2)描述个人行为反应
例如：I just kept ndding like a machine when he asked me whether it is OK t d this way r that way.当他问我是否可以这样做或那样做时，我只是像一台机器一样不停地点头。
(3)描述心理情态
例如：I started t wait t leave immediately we arrived at the place as a fish fund lng lst water, and s did he.我们一到那个地方，他也和我一样，我就迫不及待地想离开，就像一条鱼找到了失去很久的水一样。
Para.2:
(1)描述情感情绪
例如：I felt s srry t hear that, as restless as ants n a ht pan, and I thught I shuld visit him in any case.听到这个消息我感到很难过，就像热锅上的蚂蚁一样坐立不安，我想无论如何我都应该去看看他。
(2)描述努力的场景
例如：We began t wrk as a fine team and we were similar hrses and wrk harder and harder, finally finishing ur prject n time. 我们开始像一个优秀的团队一样工作，我们都很努力，越来越努力，终于按时完成了我们的项目。
(3)强调观点态度
例如：We, as it were, were the shadw f each ther at last in the curse f study.可以说，在学习的过程中，我们终于成了彼此的影子。
2．结合明喻构思并完成写作任务
We started t meet regularly t draw up ur plans. Thugh I wanted t share my ideas with him fully, I failed t d s as if I were a mnster t him t draw him back in the study. I just kept ndding like a machine when he asked me whether it is OK t d this way r that way. I thught it was impssible t persuade him int accepting my views, s I didn’t want t waste ur time t discuss. I started t wait t leave immediately we arrived at the place as a fish fund lng lst water, and s did he.I just hped that the presentatin day culd cme earlier.
One day I gt wrd that he was admitted t hspital fr a serius disease. I felt s srry t hear that, as restless as ants n a ht pan, and I thught I shuld visit him in any case.He was a little surprised t see me when I stepped int his ward with sme flwers and fruits. I ffered t d the rest wrk f ur prject and he invited me t share my ideas t perfect it. We began t wrk as a fine team and we were similar hrses and wrk harder and harder, finally finishing ur prject n time. Our hard wrk paid ff and Dr. Hendersn’s was very satisfied with ur wnderful findings. Frm this prject, we als learned the significance f teammates. Just as the saying ges, ne persn can g far, but a grup f persns can travel farther. We, as it were, were the shadw f each ther at last in the curse f study.
综合演练：
A few years ag, I had taken a part-time hliday-seasn jb in a vide stre at the lcal shpping mall. Frm inside the stre, I’d begun t see the peple rushing by utside. Then an elderly wman caught my eye. Althugh slw and unsure f step, she mved with deliberatin (从容), and there was n hesitatin in her gestures. The elderly wman had cme int the stre alng with a yunger wman wh I guessed was her daughter. The daughter was clearly impatient, rlling her eyes, huffing（长吁短叹） and sighing, checking her watch every few secnds.
The lder wman then separated frm the yunger ne and began t tick thrugh the DVDs n the nearest shelf, bviusly expecting smene else t help. After the slightest hesitatin, I walked ver and asked if I culd help her find smething. The wman smiled up at me and shwed me a title scrawled (乱涂乱画的) n a piece f paper. It was a bit unclear t make ut. Clearly a persn lking fr it knew a little abut mvies, abut quality. Rather than rushing ff t lcate the DVD fr the wman, I asked her t walk with me s I culd shw her where she culd find it.
Lking back, I think I wanted t enjy her cmpany fr a mment. Smething abut her deliberate mvements reminded me f my wn mther, wh’d passed away the previus Christmas. As we walked alng the back f the stre, I intrduced her t the different sectins: ld televisin shws, actin mvies, cartns, science fictin. The wman seemed glad f the unrushed cmpany and casual cnversatin.
We fund the mvie, and I cmplimented her n her chice. She smiled and tld me it was ne she’d enjyed when she was her daughter’s age and that she hped she wuld enjy it as much as she had. Maybe, she said with a hint f wistfulness（一丝渴望）, her daughter culd enjy it with her wn yung children. Then, when the lder wman’s turn in line came, she paid in cash, cunting ut the dllars and cins with the same sureness she’d displayed earlier.
Paragraph 1:
As the cashier put the DVD int a plastic bag, I walked ver t the yunger wman.
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Paragraph 2:
The elderly wman mved with her deliberate slwness back t her daughter.
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翻译小练习：
1. “那是你妈妈吗？“我问，半路希望她告诉我这不关我的事。
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2. 但她转了转眼睛说：“是的。”我笑着告诉她我不是在批评她。
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3. “珍惜她，”我说。然后我回答她好奇的表情说：“当她走后，你会想起这样的小瞬间。”
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4. 这是真的。我仍然想念我的母亲，想起了那些让她生活悲惨的不耐烦的时刻。
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5. 他们一起向音像店的出口走去。
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6. 他们肩并肩地站在那里一会儿，等待着奔腾的假日潮流，等待着他们在其中的位置。
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7. 然后，女儿瞥了一眼，片刻间注视着她的母亲。
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8. 显然，她用明显不习惯的爱搂着母亲的肩膀，轻轻地把她引回到洪水中。
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参考答案：
1. “那是你妈妈吗？“我问，半路希望她告诉我这不关我的事。
“Is that yur mm?” I asked, halfway expecting her t tell me it was nne f my business.
2. 但她转了转眼睛说：“是的。”我笑着告诉她我不是在批评她。
But she rlled her eyes and said, “Yeah.” I smiled t shw her I wasn’t criticizing.
3. “珍惜她，”我说。然后我回答她好奇的表情说：“当她走后，你会想起这样的小瞬间。”
“Cherish her,” I said. And then I answered her curius expressin by saying, “When she’s gne, it’s the little mments like this that’ll cme back t yu.”
4. 这是真的。我仍然想念我的母亲，想起了那些让她生活悲惨的不耐烦的时刻。
It was true. I missed my mther still and remembered the mments when I was s impatient as t make her life miserable.
5. 他们一起向音像店的出口走去。
Tgether they made their way tward the exit f the vide stre.
6. 他们肩并肩地站在那里一会儿，等待着奔腾的假日潮流，等待着他们在其中的位置。
They std there fr a mment, side by side, waiting fr the rushing hliday current and fr their place in it.
7. 然后，女儿瞥了一眼，片刻间注视着她的母亲。
Then the daughter glanced ver and mmentarily regarded her mther.
8. 显然，她用明显不习惯的爱搂着母亲的肩膀，轻轻地把她引回到洪水中。
And slwly, almst reluctantly, she placed her arm with apparently unaccustmed affectin arund her mther’s shulders and gently guided her back int the deluge.
参考范文：
As the cashier put the DVD int a plastic bag, I walked ver t the yunger wman. “Is that yur mm?” I asked, halfway expecting her t tell me it was nne f my business. But she rlled her eyes and said, “Yeah.” I smiled t shw her I wasn’t criticizing. “Cherish her,” I said. And then I answered her curius expressin by saying, “When she’s gne, it’s the little mments like this that’ll cme back t yu.” It was true. I missed my mther still and remembered the mments when I was s impatient as t make her life miserable.
The elderly wman mved with her deliberate slwness back t her daughter. Tgether they made their way tward the exit f the vide stre. They std there fr a mment, side by side, waiting fr the rushing hliday current and fr their place in it. Then the daughter glanced ver and mmentarily regarded her mther. And slwly, almst reluctantly, she placed her arm with apparently unaccustmed affectin arund her mther’s shulders and gently guided her back int the deluge.