初中英语人教新目标 (Go for it) 版八年级下册Review of Units 1-5精品教学设计

这是一份初中英语人教新目标 (Go for it) 版八年级下册Review of Units 1-5精品教学设计，共55页。教案主要包含了教材内容解析，重点短语和句型归纳，语法讲解等内容，欢迎下载使用。

人教版英语八年级下册期中考试（Unit 1-Unit 5）知识点总结
Unit 1 What's the matter?
【教材内容解析】
Section A
1. What’s the matter? (P. 1)
What’s the matter意为“怎么了？出什么事了？”，常用来询问对方遇到什么麻烦或者有什么不顺心的事，后接with sb./sth.表示“某人/某物怎么了”，相当于What’s wrong with...或者What’s the trouble with...。
---What’s the matter with my son, doctor?
---Nothing serious, only a slight cold.
2. I have a stomachache. (P. 1)
stomachache用作名词，表示“胃疼、腹疼”，是一个复合名词，含有后缀ache的常见复合词还有：headache头疼、toothache牙疼。
Mary has a stomachache.
3. lie down and rest. (P. 2)
(1) lie down意为“躺下”，lie用作动词可以表示“趟”或者“位于”，还可以表示“撒谎”。
She is lying in bed with a bad cold.
Beijing lies in the north of China.
It is a bad habit to lie.
【拓展】lie及lay一词多义
lie（躺、位于）—lay（过去式）—lain（过去分词）-lying（现在分词）
lie（撒谎）—lied（过去式）—lied（过去分词）-lying（现在分词）
lay（放置、下蛋）—laid（过去式）—laid（过去分词）-laying（现在分词）
(2) rest此处用作动词，表示“休息”，rest也可以用作名词，表示“休息”，常用的短语为take/have a rest“休息”。
Let’s stop working and have a rest.
4. take your temperature (P. 2)
take one’s temperature意为“量体温”。
Please take your temperature first.
5. Maybe you have a fever...(P. 2)
maybe作副词，表示“可能、也许”，常常放在句首，相当于perhaps，可以与may be相互转换。
Maybe he is a foreigner.
=He may be a foreigner.
6. You need to take breaks away from the computer. (P. 2)
need作动词时，不仅可以作情态动词，还可以作实义动词，作情态动词时，后接动词原形；作实义动词时，后接名词或者动词不定式作宾语。
You needn’t go to the meeting too early.
We need three more workers.
He doesn’t need to worry too much.
7. Yeah, I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving. (P. 2)
without用作介词，表示“无、没有”，后接名词、代词或者动名词，反义词是with。
They left without saying goodbye.
8. If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor. (P. 2)
本句是含有if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句，主句含有情态动词，if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时。含有if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，即若主句用一般将来时（或主句为祈使句、主句含有情态动词），if引导的条件状语从句则用一般现在时。
If it rains tomorrow, I won’t go to the park.
9. ...when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. (P. 3)
see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事，强调所看到的动作正在进行。
I saw her dancing in the park at six yesterday.
see sb do sth 看到某人做了或经常做某事。
I often see her dance in the park.
10. The bus driver...stopped the bus without thinking twice. (P. 3)
think twice意为“再三考虑、权衡利弊”。
You should think twice before you make the final decision.
【拓展】think的相关短语
think about 思考、考虑 think of 想起 think over 仔细考虑
11. He got off and asked the woman what happened. (P. 3)
(1) get off意为“下车”，反义词是get on“上车”。
Before getting off the bus, you should take care.
(2) happen表示“发生”的时候，作不及物动词，常用的结构为：sth. happens to sb.“某人发生了某事”。
An accident happened to him yesterday and now he lies in hospital.
12. Mr. Wang knew he had to act quickly. (P. 3)
have to表示“必须、不得不”，强调客观上的必须，must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必须。
We have to walk home because the car has broken down.
We must study hard.
13. He expected most or all of the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus. (P. 3)
(1) expect的常见用法：
① expect to do sth. 期待做某事
The fans are expecting to see the football star.
② expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事
The man expects his son to pass the exam successfully.
(2) wait的常见用法：
① wait for sb./sth.“等待某人或者某事”
We are waiting for the result of the exam.
② wait to do sth.“等待做某事”
All the passengers are waiting to get on the bus.
③ can’t wait to do sth.“迫不及待做某事”
The children can’t wait to rush out after the class is over.
14. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him. (P. 3)
① agree with sb. 同意某人
I can’t agree with you more.
② agree to sth. 同意某事
Do you agree to the plan?
③ agree on sth. 在某事上达成一致意见
They finally agreed on the design of the bridge.
④ agree to do sth. 同意做某事
Her parents don’t agree to marry their daughter to the man.
15. Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the man was saved by the doctors in time. (P. 3)
thanks to表示“多亏、由于”，后接名词或者代词，在句中作原因状语，相当于because of。
Thanks to the warm and sunny weather, oranges grow well here.
16. “It’s sad that many people don’t want to help others because they don’t want any trouble,” says one passenger. (P. 3)
(1) 本句是“It is+形容词+that从句”，句中的it作形式主语，代替真正的主语that从句。
It is important that we should protect the environment.
(2) other: 意为“别的、其它的”，常用来修饰可数名词。
the other: 表示“两者中另一个”，是特指；the other之后也可以加复数名词，特指“其它的”。
another: 表示“三者中另一个”。
others: 用作代词，泛指“其他的人或物”是复数概念。
the others: 特指在一个整体中的“其余的人或物（全部）”。
We study Chinese, English, Math and other subjects.
There are three people in the room. One is a girl and the other two are boys.
You should think of others.
There are fifty-five students in our class. Thirty of us are girls and the others are boys.
17. Bus No. 26 hit an old man on Zhonghua Road. 26. (P. 3)
hit表示“撞击、打击”，表示“打某人某个部位”时用“hit sb.+介词（on, in）+the+身体部位”，若打的部位较硬用on，打的部位较软用in。
The man hit the little boy in the face.
18. The old man had a heart problem and needed to go to the hospital right away. (P. 3)
right away意为“立刻、马上”，相当于at once或者right now。
As soon as he heard the news, he rushed out right away.
Section B
1. Someone felt sick. (P. 5)
sick用作形容词，意为“生病的、有病的”，可以作定语或者表语，而ill表示“生病的”，只能用作表语。
I have to look after my sick grandpa.
The old woman is seriously sick/ill.
2. have problems breathing (P. 6)
have problems (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有问题”，相当于have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.。
She has problems (in) riding a bike.
3. As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks. (P. 6)
(1) as用作介词，表示“作为、身为”。
As a student, you should study hard.
(2) 辨析：be /get used to doing sth., used to do sth.与be used to do sth.
be /get used to doing sth.
习惯于做某事
His father is used to watching TV before going to bed.

used to do sth.
过去经常做某事
The boy used to play computer games.

be used to do sth.
被用来做某事
More and more wood is used to make paper.

(3) risk表示“冒险时”，既可以作名词，也可以作动词，作名词常和动词take连用，take a risk“冒险”；作动词时，后接动名词作宾语。
The fireman took the risk of losing his life and saved the boy from the burning building.
=The fireman risked losing his life and saved the boy from the burning building.
4. There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents. (P. 6)
because of意为“因为，由于”，后跟名词短语。在句中常和because引导的原因状语从句连用，不过because后面跟句子。
We can’t go out because it rains heavily.
=We can’t go out because of the heavy rain.
5. But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. (P. 6)
(1) run out意为“用尽、用完”，后接宾语时，需要加上介词of。
They ran out of their money.
(2) 动词不定式短语to save his own life在句子作目的状语。动词不定式构成的目的状语可位于句首，用逗号与主句隔开，也可以位于谓语动词之后。
To learn Japanese, she went to Japan.
You should work hard to get good grades.
6. He was not ready to die that day. (P. 6)
① be/get ready for sth.“为……做准备”
The students are reviewing lessons to get ready for the coming final exams.
② be/get ready to do sth.“准备做某事、乐意做某事”
The kind girl is ready to help anyone in trouble.
7. Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood. (P. 6)
(1) so that引导目的状语从句，用以说明主句动作的目的，可以与in order that互换，从句经常会出现表示“能够的情态动词”，如can, could, may, might, will, would等。
We started early so that we could catch the first train.
He studies hard so that he could find a good job in the future.
We used the computer in order that we might save time.
(2) too much用来修饰不可数名词或者动词，much too用来修饰形容词或者副词。
There is too much pollution today.
The doctor asked him to lose weight because he was much too fat.
8. After losing his arm, he wrote a book called Between a Rock and a Hard Place. (P. 6)
called此处为动词的过去分词作定语，意为“被称为、被叫作”，与named同义。
This is a book named/called Journey to the West.
The Greens have a daughter named/called Kate.
9. This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of. (P. 6)
seem用作系动词，表示“似乎、好像”，常用的结构有：seem+adj./to be/that+句子。
The story seems true.
What he said seemed to be a lie.
It seems that they are going to pull down the house.
10. In this book, Aron tells of the importance of making good decisions, and of being in control of one’s life. (P. 6)
(1) make a decision或者make decisions表示“做出决定”。
They expected you to make a decision.
(2) in control of意为“控制、管理”。
Who is in control of the project?
11. His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience. (P. 6)
(1) 在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “...so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。
He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word.
The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.
Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.
【拓展】在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。
It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.
He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.
He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term.
有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。
It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.
=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.
It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.
=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.
③ 如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。
Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.
He has so little time that he can’t go to the cinema with you.
(2) keep on doing sth.意为“继续做某事”，强调继续或者重复做某事。
You shouldn’t keep on thinking about it.
12. Aron loves mountain climbing and doesn’t mind taking risks. (P. 7)
① mind doing sth. 介意做某事
Would you mind opening the window please?
② mind sb’s/sb doing sth. 介意某人做某事
Do you mind my/me calling you at night?
13. Aron did not give up after the accident and keeps on climbing mountains today. (P. 7)
give up表示“放弃”，后接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语。
Don't give up your dream easily.
He has given up playing computer games.
【重点短语和句型归纳】
重点短语
1. have a fever / cough / cold 发烧 /咳嗽 /受凉；感冒
2. have a toothache / stomachache 牙疼/胃疼
3. have a sore back / throat 背疼 /喉咙痛
4. talk too much 说得太多
5. drink enough water 喝足够的水
6. take risks (take a risk) 冒险
7. in a difficult situation 在困境中
8. give up 放弃
9. make a decision 做出决定
10. lie down and rest 躺下来休息
11. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶
12. see a dentist 看牙医
13. get an X-ray 拍X 光片
14. take one’s temperature 量体温
15. put some medicine on sth. 在……上面敷药
16. feel very hot 感到很热
17. sound like 听起来像
18. all weekend 整个周末
19. in the same way 以同样的方式
20. go to a doctor 看医生
21. go along 沿着……走
22. on the side of the road 在马路边
23. shout for help 大声呼救
24. without thinking twice 没有多想
25. get off 下车
26. have a heart problem 有心脏病
27. to one’ s surprise 使……惊讶的；出乎……意料
28. thanks to 多亏了；由于
29. in time 及时
30. save a life 挽救生命
31. get into trouble 造成麻烦（或烦恼）
32. right away 立刻；马上
33. because of 由于
34. get out of 离开；从……出来
35. hurt oneself 受伤
36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎
37. fall down 摔倒
38. feel sick 感到恶心
39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血
40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖
41. put her head back 把她的头向后仰
42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难
43. mountain climbing 登山运动
44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事
45. run out (of) 用完；耗尽
46. so that 以便
47. so … that 如此……以至于……
48. be in control of 掌管；管理
49. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事
重点句型
1. 需要去做某事 need to do sth.
2. 看见某人正在做某事see sb. doing sth.
3. 询问某人某事 ask sb. sth.
4. 期望某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth.
5. 同意做某事 agree to do. sth.
6. 帮助某人做某事 help sb. (to) do sth.
7. 想要做某事 want to do sth.
8. 告诉某人去做某事 tell sb. to do sth.
9. 做某事有困难 have problems (in) doing sth.
10.习惯于做某事 be/get used to doing sth.
11. 用某物去做某事 use sth. to do sth.
12. 好像做某事 seem to do sth.
13. 继续做某事 keep on doing sth.
14. 介意做某事 mind doing sth.
【语法讲解】
（一） have表示“患病、遭受（病痛）”
(1)询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时，常用以下几种结构来表达：
What’s the matter (with sb．)?（某人）怎么了？
What’s wrong (with sb．)?（某人）怎么了？
What’s the trouble (with sb．)?（某人）出什么事了？
What happened (to sb．)?（某人）发生了什么事？
Are you OK?你没事吧？
Is there anything wrong with sb.？某人有什么事吗？
(2)要表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用以下结构：
①某人+have/has+病症．
The twins have colds．双胞胎感冒了。
Sb.+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backache/earache.
She had a stomachache last night．她昨晚肚子痛。
③某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位． He has a sore throat．他喉咙痛。
④某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词． He hurt his leg.他的腿受伤了。
⑤某部位+hurt(s).
My head hurts badly．我头痛得厉害。
⑥某人+have/has+a pain+in one’s+身体部位， I have a pain in my chest．我胸口痛。
⑦(There is)something wrong with one’s+身体部位．
There is something wrong with my right eye. 我的右眼有毛病。
（二） should和shouldn't表示建议
1． Should为情态动词，意为“应该；应当”，否定式为shouldn’t，其后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。
You should drink hot water with honey．你应该喝加有蜂蜜的开水。
He should put his head back他应该把头后仰。
We should try our best to help him.我们应当尽力去帮助他。
You shouldn‘t watch TV.你不应该看电视。
2． Should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句，表示征询意见。
Should I put some medicine on it?我应当给它敷上药吗？
Should we tell her about it?我们应该告诉她这件事吗？
【拓展】在英语中，表示建议的说法有很多，而且都是中考考查的重点。主要结构有：
①Would you like (to do) sth．？你想要／愿意（做）某事吗？
Would you like to play basketball with me?你想要和我一起打篮球吗？
②Shall I/we do sth ?我／我们做„„好吗？
Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?明天我们去动物园，好吗？
③Why not do sth ?为什么不呢？
Why not join us?为什么不加入到我们当中来呢？
④How/What about doing sth ?做某事怎么样？
How about going swimming?去游泳怎么样？
⑤Let’s do sth让我们做吧。
Let’s go home．咱们回家吧。
⑥You’d better (not) do sth你最好（不）要做某事。
You’d better not go there alone．你最好不要独自去那儿。
（三） 反身代词
1．反身代词可以用作一些动词(短语)或介词的宾语，此时，句子的主语和宾语必须同一个人或物。
We must look after ourselves and keep fit．
我们必须照顾好自己，保持身体健康。
She often buys herself nice clothes．
她经常为自己买漂亮的衣服。
Don’t think too much of yourself!
别过多地为自己考虑!
2．反身代词在句中还可以用作主语或宾语的同位语，用来加强语气，表示“亲自、本人、本身”等意思。但反身代词在句中不能单独作主语。如：
I don’t need any help．I can do it myself．我不需要帮助，我自己能做。(主语的同位语)这句话不可表示成I don’t need any help，myself can do it．
If you want to know more，you may ask Miss White herself．
如果你想了解更多情况，你可以问一问怀特小姐本人。(宾语的同位语)
3．反身代词在句中还可以用作连系动词的表语。如：
The little boy in the photo was himself．
照片中的那个小男孩就是他自己。
反身代词构成的固定表达：
by oneself意为“独自，凭自己”，相当于alone； enjoy oneself意为“玩得高兴，过得愉快”，相当于have fun或have a good time；
help oneself to…意为“随便吃或喝点……，随便用……"；
keep…to oneself意为“不将某事说出去”；
say to oneself意为“自言自语”。
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks
【教材内容解析】
Section A
1. You could help to clean up the city parks. (P. 9)
(1) ① help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事
Can you help me with my homework?
② help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
He often helps his mother clean do housework.
(2) clean up意为“打扫干净”
Nancy, please clean up your room.
2. The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up. (P. 9)
cheer up意为“使开心”，代词用作宾语时，要当在cheer和up之间。
Cheer up! Everything will be OK.
3. The boy could give out food at the food bank. (P. 9)
give out意为“分发、散发”，相当于hand out。
Here are some toys. Please give them out to the children.
4. The girl could volunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids. (P. 9)
volunteer用作动词，表示“义务做、自愿做”，后接不定式作宾语，volunteer to do sth.“志愿做某事”。
Tom volunteered to help us.
5. Let’s make some notices, too. (P. 10)
also, too, as well与either都可以表示“也”，但是用法不同。
also
放在句中行为动词前，be动词、助动词和情态动词之后。
He also wants to go.

too
用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面用逗号隔开。
He wants to go, either.

as well
用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面不用逗号隔开。
He wants to go as well.

either
用于否定句句末。
He doesn’t want to go either

6. We need to come up with a plan for the City park Clean-Up Day. (P. 10)
come up with表示“相出、提出（主意或者想法）”。
Maybe she can come up with a good idea.
7. Oh, what did they ask you to help out with? (P. 10)
help out意为“帮忙分担、帮……一把”。
Bill helped me out when I was in trouble.
8. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. (P. 10)
辨析：be /get used to doing sth., used to do sth.与be used to do sth.
be /get used to doing sth.
习惯于做某事
His father is used to watching TV before going to bed.

used to do sth.
过去经常做某事
The boy used to play computer games.

be used to do sth.
被用来做某事
More and more wood is used to make paper.

9. Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely. (P. 10)
lonely作形容词表示“孤独的、荒凉的、偏僻的”；alone既可以作形容词也可以作副词，作形容词时只能作表语，不能作定语。
He feels lonely at home himself.
It is a lonely mountain.
His grandfather was alone.
Mr Smith lives alone.
10. We should listen to them and care for them. (P. 10)
care for意为“照顾、照料”，后接名词或者代词作宾语，相当于look after或者take care of。
She cares for her little brother after school.
11. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners’ faces. (P. 11)
such用作形容词，表示“这样、如此”，用来修饰名词，可以修饰可数名词单数，也可以修饰可数名词复数或者不可数名词。
It’s such a nice day.
I hope to have such delicious food every day.
12. She could read by herself at the age of four. (P. 11)
at the age of表示“在……岁时”，表示年龄。
He started school at the age of six.
13. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program. (P. 11)
try out for意为“参加……选拔、争取成为……”。
Many boys tried out for the football team.
14. I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time. (P. 12)
at the same time意为“同时”。
You can not do your homework and watch TV at the same time.
15. Our class is trying to...(P. 12)
① try to do sth. “尽力做某事”
The doctor tries to save the sick girl.
② try doing sth. “尝试做某事”
The boy tried playing the piano.
Section B
1. I take after my mother. (P. 13)
take after意为“长得像”。
Mary takes after her father.
2. I fixed it up. (P. 13)
fix up意为“修理”，代词作宾语时，放在fix和up中间。
My computer doesn’t work. Can you fix it up for me?
3. I gave it away. (P. 13)
give away意为“捐赠、赠送”，还可以表示“泄露（秘密）”。
My sister gave away her toys to the poor children.
Don’t give away the secret.
4. I’m similar to her. (P. 13)
be similar to意为“与……相似”，be similar in“在……方面类似”。
Her ideas are similar to mine.
The twins are similar in appearances.
5. I didn’t keep it. (P. 13)
① keep sth. 保留某物
You can keep the book until the next weekend.
② keep doing sth. 一直做某事
The thief still kept stealing things after he went out of the prison.
③ keep+adj. 保持……
The girl eats a little to keep slim.
④ keep sb./sth.+adj./介词短语 保持某人/某物……
We should keep the window open while we are asleep.
My mother keeps the vegetables in the fridge.
⑤ keep sb. doing sth. 保持某人做某事
The mother kept the baby crying on the bed.
6. Who wrote the letter to Miss Li? (P. 14)
write a letter to sb.=write sb. a letter=write to sb. “给某人写信”
He is writing (a letter) to his parents.
7. You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. (P. 14)
有些动词后面接复合宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语则由动词不定式来担当，并位于宾语补足语之后。常见的这样的动词有find，think，feel，make等。
I find it interesting to play computer games
We all think it very difficult to finish the work in an hour.
8. Lucky makes a big difference to my life. (P. 14)
make a difference to意为“对……有影响、对……起作用”，后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语。
Changing schools made a difference to my life.
The rain made no difference to the game.
9. Or imagine you can’t walk or use your hands easily. (P. 14)
imagine表示“想象”时，后常接动名词或者从句作宾语。
He often imagines having a big house.
You can’t imagine how fast the player ran.
10. I can’t use my arms or legs well, so normal things like answering the telephone, opening and closing doors, or carrying things are difficult for me. (P. 14)
bring表示“带来”，强调从别的地方带到说话的地方，常与副词here连用；take表示“带走”，强调从说话的地方带去别的地方，常与副词there连用；carry表示“搬、抬”，没有方向性。
The students brought their homework to school in the morning and take them home after school.
11. She talked to Animal Helpers about getting me a special trained dog. (P. 14)
train用作及物动词，表示“训练、培训”，train sb./sth. to do sth.“训练某人/某物做某事”。
They train the dogs to keep the door.
12. After six months of training with a dog at Animal Helpers, I was able to bring him home. (P. 14)
be able to意为“能，会”，表示能力，与can同义。
In the future, students will be able to study at home with the help of computers.
【拓展】辨析：be able to与can
be able to强调通过努力而获得的能力，而can强调自身已具有的能力。
She can sing the song in English.
He will be able to sing this song in English, too.
【重点短语和句型归纳】
重点短语
1. Clean-Up Day 清洁日
2. an old people’s home 养老院
3. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难
4. used to 曾经……；过去……
5. care for 关心；照顾
6. the look of joy 快乐的表情
7. at the age of 在……岁时
8. clean up 打扫(或清除)干净
9. cheer up (使)变得更高兴；振奋起来
10. give out 分发；散发
11. come up with 想出；提出
12. make a plan 制订计划
13. make some notices 做些公告牌
14. try out 试用；试行
15. work for 为……工作；为……效力
16. put up 建造；举起；张贴
17. hand out 分发；散发；发给
18. call up 打电话；召集
19. put off 推迟；延迟
20. for example 比如；例如
21. raise money 筹钱；募捐
22. take after 与……相像；像
23. give away 赠送；捐赠
24. fix up 修理；修补；解决
25. be similar to 与……相似
26. set up 建立；设立
27. disabled people 残疾人
28. make a difference 影响；有作用
29. be able to 能够
30. after-school reading program 课外阅读项目
重点句型
1. 制订计划做某事make plans to do sth.
2. 要求某人(不要)做某事ask sb. (not) to do sth.
3. 过去常常做某事 used to do sth.
4. 决定做某事 decide to do sth.
5. 有……感觉 get a feeling of…
6. 对……产生影响make a difference to
7. 自愿花时间某事 volunteer one’s time to do sth.
8. 放弃时间去做某事 give up +时间+ to do sth.
9 使得做某事对某人来说是可能的 make it possible for sb. to do sth.
【语法讲解】
动词不定式
A. 作主语——为避免句子的头重脚轻，常用it作为形式主语，而真正的主语动词不定式后置。
常用句型：It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth.
B. 作宾语——动词want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare„常接动词不定式作宾语。
C. 作（后置）定语——常用于“have/has＋sth.＋to do”或“enough＋名＋to do”“It’s time to do sth.”等结构中。
D. 作宾语补足语——tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。
【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to：“一感(feel)，二听(listen to, hear)，三让(let, make, have,，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)，半帮助(help)”。
E. 动词不定式作状语
主要用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因。为了强调目的，有时可以把动词不定式放在句首，或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to) “为了，目的是”。常用结构有too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。
F. 固定句式中动词不定式的用法 常见的形式有：
had better (not) do sth./Would you like to do sth.?/Why not do sth.?/Would you please (not) do sth.?等。
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?
【教材内容解析】
Section A
1. Peter, could you please take out the rubbish? (P. 17)
(1) Could you please...?意为“你能……吗？”，could在此并不是过去式，而是表示一种委婉的语气，please后接动词原形，肯定回答用Sure/Of course/Certainly，也可以用...can，不可以用...could；否定回答用Sorry...并给出理由，也可用...can’t/mustn’t。
---Could you please help me with my homework?
---Sure./Of course./Certainly./Sorry, I can’t. I’m busy now.
(2) take out意为“带出去”，代词作宾语时，要放在take和out之间。
The dog is noisy. Take it out.
2. Could I at least finish watching this show? (P. 18)
(1) at least表示“至少”，反义词为at most“至多”。
The ticket cost at least 200 yuan.
(2) finish意为“完成、做好”，后接动词作宾语时，要用doing的形式。
When are you going to finish your work?
3. Yes, because Mom will be back from shopping any minute now. (P. 18)
be back意为“回来”，相当于come back，前者侧重指状态，后者侧重指动作。
She has been back for two days.
You came back very late last night.
4. And she won’t be happy if she sees this mess. (P. 18)
mess用作名词，表示“杂乱、不整洁”，常用的短语为：make a mess“搞得一团糟”；in a mess“一团糟”。
The kids make a mess in the bedroom.
All the rooms are in a mess.
5. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over. (P. 19)
(1) the minute意为“一……就”，用来引导时间状语从句，相当于the moment或者as soon as。
I want to see her the minute she arrives.
(2) come over意为“过来”。
Can you come over tomorrow?
6. You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house! (P. 19)
all the time意为“反复、总是”，强调某段时间内一直在进行和发生的事情。
I have a dog and a cat. They fight all the time.
7. I’m just as tired as you are! (P. 19)
当我们要表示双方某方面(如年龄、身高等)程度相同或不同时，常用as…as或not as/so…as结构，表示“和……一样”或“和……不一样”。如：
Mary is as careful as Linda．玛丽和琳达一样仔细。
He does not run as fast as Tom．他跑步没有汤姆快。
8. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. (P. 19)
neither did I是“Neither/nor+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”结构，表示前者所描述的否定情况同样适用于后者，neither在此用作副词，表示“也不”。
---I don’t like this dress.
---Neither do I.
9. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV. (P. 19)
as soon as引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”，要遵从“主将从现”的原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。
I will go as soon as she arrives.
10. Could I hang out with my friends after the movie? (P. 20)
hang out意为“闲逛、闲荡”。
He is hanging out with his friends.
11. Could you please pass me the salt? (P. 20)
pass sb. sth.相当于pass sth. to sb.“把某物递给某人”。
Pass me the book, please.=Pass the book to me please.
12. Could I borrow that book? (P. 20)
borrow此处是及物动词，表示“借进来”，反义词是lend，borrow...from...“从……借入……”。
I often borrow books from the library.
You can borrow some money from your elder brother.
13. Could you lend me some money? (P. 20)
lend表示“借出去”，与borrow“借进来”相对，常用的结构为：lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb. “把某物借给某人”。
He often lends others his car.
=He often lend his car to others.
14. I’ll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes. (P. 20)
when和while引导时间状语从句均表示“当……时候”，when既可以指“时间点”,与瞬间动词连用，也可以指“时间段”，与延续性动词连用（=while）。while表示时间段，因此，while从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词，as强调两个动作同时发生，表示“一边……一边……”。
When he came in, his mother was cooking.
When (While) we were at school, we went to the library every day.
Please don't talk so loud while others are working.
Tom’s brother was playing the computer games while Tom was studying hard.
Kate listens music as she walks in the park.
Section B
1. Housework is a waste of their time. (P. 22)
a waste of意为“浪费……”，其中waste是名词，意为“浪费”。
Playing computer games is a waste of time.
2. The should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university. (P. 22)
(1) spend的用法
① sb. spend+时间/金钱+on sth. “在某事上花费多长时间或者多少钱”
The man spent the whole day on his speech.
The family spent 10,000 dollars on their trip.
② sb. spend+时间+(in) doing sth. “花费多长时间做某事”
The boy has spent two hours playing the computer games.
【拓展】辨析spend, pay, take和cost
spend
主语是人
spend...on sth./spend...(in) doing sth.

pay
主语是人
pay for sth./pay sb. for sth.

take
主语是it
It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.

cost
主语是物
sth. costs sb.+金钱

(2) in order to意为“为了……”后面跟动词不定式，作目的状语。in order to可位于句中或者句首，in order not to do sth. 意为“为了不做某事”。
Tom got up early in order to catch the first bus.
In order not to make his mother angry, he decided to give up playing computer games.
3. Also, when they get older, they will have to do housework so there is no need for them to do it now. (P. 22)
there is no need for sb. to do sth.意为“对某人来说没有必要做某事”。
There is no need for you to start off so early.
4. It is the parents’ job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children. (P. 22)
(1) It is+名词+to do sth.表示“做某事是……”，其中的it为形式主语，后边的动词不定式才是真正的主语。
It’s my job to look after you.
(2) provide表示“提供”时，常用的结构为：provide sb. with sth.或者provide sth. for sth.“为某人提供某物”；offer也表示“提供”，但结构有所不同，常用于“offer sb. sth.或者offer sth. to sb.”结构中，意为“为某人提供某物”。
The government provided a lot of food and clothes for the flooded area.
=The government provided the flooded area with a lot of food and clothes.
5. Any anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult. (P. 22)
(1) anyway用作副词，表示“而且、加之”，也可以表示“即使这样、无论如何”。
It’s expensive and anyway the size is too small.
Anyway, we should have a try.
(2) doing chores是动名词，在句中用作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
Doing morning exercise is good for us.
6. I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework. (P. 22)
(1) 本句结构为“It’s+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.”结构，意为“做某事对某人来说……”，此结构中的形容词多为描述事物特征的词，如easy, important, dangerous, necessary等。
例如：
It is important for you to study hard.
It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
【拓展】It’s+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.意为“某人做某事是……的”，此结构中的形容词多是kind, nice, right, wrong, clever, foolish,polite等描述行为者性格、品质的词。
It is very kind of you to lend me so much money.
(2) how to do chores是“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构，作learn的宾语，动词不定式常与what, who, how, where, when等特殊疑问词连用，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
When to start is not decided yet.
The questions is what to do next.
7. Children these days depend on their parents too much. (P. 22)
depend on/upon意为“取决于……；由……决定；依靠”
You can accept or refuse the gift. It depends on your personal choice.
We shouldn’t always depend on our parents.
8. Doing chores helps to develop children’s independence and teaches them how to look after themselves. (P. 22)
independence用作不可数名词，表示“独立、自主”，形容词为independent，意为“独立的”。
He was afraid of losing his independence.
9. Since they live in one house with their parents, they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy. (P. 22)
(1) since此处表示“因为、既然”，引导原因状语从句，常位于句首。
Since you don’t know the boy, I will ask someone else.
(2) do one’s part in (doing) sth.意为“尽自己的职责去做某事”。
The president asked every citizen to do his part in saving water.
10. As a result, he often fell ill and his grades dropped. (P. 22)
as a result意为“因此、结果”，在句中作状语；as a result of表示“由于”，后接名词或者代词，相当于because of。
He got up very late today. As a result, he missed the first bus.
He was late as a result of the heavy rain.
11. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future. (P. 22)
本句为“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，表示“越……越……”。
The harder you study, the better grades you can get.
The longer the war lasts, the more the people there will suffer.
【重点短语和句型归纳】
重点短语
1. go out for dinner 出去吃饭
2. stay out late 在外面待到很晚
3. go to the movies 去看电影
4. get a ride 搭车
5. work on 从事
6. finish doing sth. 完成做某事
7. clean and tidy 干净整洁
8. do the dishes 洗餐具
9. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾
10. fold your/the clothes 叠衣服
11. sweep the floor 扫地
12. make your/the bed 整理床铺
13. clean the living room 打扫客厅
14. no problem 没问题
15. welcome sb. 欢迎某人
16. come home fro m school/ work放学/下班回家
17. throw down 扔下
18. sit down 坐下
19. come over 过来
20. take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步
21. all the time 频繁；反复
22. all day / evening 整日 /夜
23. do housework 做家务
24. shout back 大声回应
25. walk away 走开
26. share the housework 分担家务
27. a comfortable home 一个舒适的家
28. in surprise 惊讶地
29. get something to drink 拿点喝的东西
30. watch one show 观看一个节目
31. hang out 闲逛
32. pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人
33. lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人
34. get sth. wet 使某物弄湿
35. hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事
36. do chores 做杂务
37. help sb. (to ) d o /with sth. 帮助某人干某事
38. bring a tent 带顶帐篷来
39. buy some snacks 买些小吃
40. go to the store去商店
41. invite sb. to a party 邀请某人参加聚会
42. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
43. enough stress 足够的压力
44. a waste of time浪费时间
45. in order to为了
46. get good grades 取得好成绩
47. mind doing sth. 介意做某事
48. depend on 依赖；依靠
49. develop children’s independence发展孩子的独立性
50. look after/take care of 照顾；照看
51. do one’ s part in (doing) sth. 做某人分内的事
重点句型
1. 做完某事 finishing doing sth.
2. 想要某人做某事 want sb. to do sth.
3. 尽力(不)做某事 try (not) to do sth.
4. 让某人做某事 let sb. do sth.
5. 介意做某事 mind doing sth.
6. 花费……做某事 spend… in doing sth.
7. 学会做某事 learn to do sth.
8. 学会怎样做某事 learn how to do sth.
9. 越……., 就越……. the + 比较级, the + 比较级
【语法讲解】
情态动词could的用法
情态动词could可以用来表示请求或建议，具体用法如下：
1. 表示请求或者允许
could表示请求或允许时，并不表示过去，只表示语气更加委婉，表示委婉的请求和陈述看法时，回答时用can。
Could I use your cell phone for a while?
Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
---Could you come to my birthday party?
---Sorry, I can’t. I have to stay at home to look after my mother.
2. 表示建议
情态动词could表示建议做某事，意为“可以”，语气比can更加委婉。
You could ask your doctor to check you over and do a few tests.
Unit 4 Why don't you talk to your parents?
【教材内容解析】
Section A
1. My parents don’t allow me to hang out with my friends. (P. 25)
① allow doing sth. 允许做某事
The shopkeeper doesn’t allow smoking in any corner of the shop.
② allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
His parents allow him to play computer games if he finishes his homework.
2. I got into a fight with my best friend. (P. 25)
get into a fight with sb.意为“和某人打架”，相当于have a fight with sb.或者fight with sb.。
He got drunk and got into a fight with Jim.
3. What’s wrong? (P. 25)
What’s wrong?意为“怎么了？”，用来询问对方有什么问题或者不顺心的事，What’s wrong with...?意为“……怎么了？”，后接sb.或者sth.，用来询问某人或者某物怎么了？
---What’s wrong with you, Jim?
---I left my umbrella on the bus.
What’s wrong with your teeth?
【拓展】询问“怎么了？”，主要有以下几种句型：
What’s wrong (with sb./sth.)?
What’s the matter (with sb./sth.)?
What’s the trouble (with sb./sth.)?
What’s up (with sb./sth.)?
4. I’m really tired because I studied until midnight last night. (P. 25)
until表示“直到”和延续性动词动词连用，意为一个动作一直持续到某个点为止；同短暂性行动连用时，用于“not...until”结构中，表示“直到……才……”。
The boy waited in the school until his father came to pick him up.
The workers won’t leave until they get their salary.
5. Why don’t you go to sleep earlier this evening? (P. 25)
Why don’t you do sth.?意为“你为什么不做某事”，常用来向对方提出意见，相当于Why not do sth.?。肯定回答用Good idea./Good./All right./Sure.等；否定回答用No, I don’t think so./Sorry, I can’t.等。
---Why don’t you go sleeping with us?
---Good idea.
6. Well, I found my sister looking through my things yesterday. (P. 26)
(1) find sb. doing sth.表示“发现某人正在做某事”，表示动作正在进行。
Tom found a man stealing something when he was in the supermarket yesterday.
(2) look through意为“快速查看、浏览”。
It is a good habit to look through newspapers every day.
【拓展】look的相关短语
look forward to 盼望、期待
look up 查阅
look into 调查
look after 照看
7. Although she’s wrong, it’s not a big deal. (P. 26)
(1) although是连词，意为“虽然、即使”，相当于though，引导让步状语从句。
Although/Though my grandma is old, she is very healthy.
(2) it’s not a big deal意为“没什么大不了、不是什么大事”。
Change the time of the meeting. It’s not a big deal.
8. Hope things work out. (P. 26)
work out此处表示“成功地发展”，后常跟fine, well, badly等词，表示产生的结果如何；此外work out还可以表示“解决、制定出”。
Everything is working out well.
The math problem is difficult for me to work out.
I have worked out a new way of doing it.
9. My problem is that I can’t get on with my family. (P. 27)
get on with意为“和睦相处”，后接人作宾语，相当于get along with。
The new teacher is getting on/along with the students.
【拓展】get on/along with sth.意为“在……方面取得进展”
How are you getting on with your essay?
10. When they argue, it’s like a big, black cloud hanging over our home. (P. 27)
argue用作动词，表示“争吵”，argue with sb.“与某人争吵”；argue about sth.“就某事争论”。
Mary often argues with her mother about which clothes to wear.
They were arguing about the matter again.
11. Also, my elder brother is not very nice to me. (P. 27)
elder用作形容词，意为“年纪较长的”，反义词是younger。
His elder brother is ill.
【拓展】elder和older的区别
elder用来表示兄弟姐妹以及子女之间的长幼关系，常用作定语；older泛指新旧、老幼或者年龄大小的关系，可以用作表语或者定语。
12. He always refuses to let me watch my favorite TV show. (P. 27)
refuse表示“拒绝”时，后常接名词或者动词不定式作宾语。
The girl refused the offer from Oxford University.
Most of the residents refused to move away from here.
13. Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night. (P. 27)
(1) instead是副词，用于句尾，在句中作状语；instead of是介词短语，用于句中，后接名词、代词或动名词。
He will be on duty instead of me tomorrow.
They didn’t go swimming. They went to play football instead.
(2) whatever表示“无论什么、不管什么”，引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what。
Whatever difficulties he may meet, he will overcome them.
14. If you parents are having problems, you should offer to help. (P. 27)
① offer表示“提供”时，作双宾语动词，常用的结构为：offer sb. sth.相当于offer sth. to sb.“为某人提供某物”。
The restaurant offers free coffee to customers.
=The restaurant offers customers free coffee.
② offer to do sth.“主动提出做某事”
The kind man offered to help the old lady across the road.
15. Secondly, why don’t you sit down and communicate with your brother? (P. 27)
(1) secondly用作副词，意为“第二、其次”，常与firstly, thirdly或者lastly/finally等表示顺序先后的词，表示列举某些事实。
Firstly, they are not efficient, and secondly, they are expensive to make.
(2) communicate with sb.表示“与某人交流”
People can communicate with each other freely on the Internet.
16. You should explain that you don’t mind him watching TV all the time. (P. 27)
(1) explain表示“解释”，后常接名词作宾语，explain sth. to sb.意为“向某人解释某事”。
The teacher explained the answer to the question to his students again and again.
(2) mind的用法：
① mind doing sth. 介意做某事
Would you mind opening the window please?
② mind sb’s/sb doing sth. 介意某人做某事
Do you mind my/me calling you at night?
17. My cousins borrow my things without returning them. (P. 28)
return此处用作及物动词，表示“归还”，相当于give back，return sth. to sb.=return sb. sth.。
I’m going to return this book to the library.
18. Your best friend does not trust you anymore. (P. 28)
not...anymore相当于not...any more意为“不再……”。
not...any more相当于no more，表示“不再”，强调程度或者数量上不再……；not...any longer相当于no longer，表示“不再”，强调时间上不再……。
I can’t eat any more, because I am full.
=I can no more eat, because I am full.
The village is not what it was ten years ago any longer.
=The village is no longer what it was ten year ago.
Section B
1. My parents give me a lot of pressure about school. (P. 29)
pressure此处用作不可数名词，意为“压力”，under pressure表示“压力之下”。
I feel I’m not able to do well with the pressure from my job.
2. I have to compete with my classmates at school. (P. 29)
compete with意为“与……竞争/对抗 ”，相当于compete against...。
It is difficult for a small store to compete with/against a supermarket.
3. The Taylors are a typical American family. (P. 30)
“the+姓氏的复数”表示一家人，用作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The Pitts live in Los Angeles.
4. Maybe I could cut out a few of their activities, but I believe these activities are important for my children’s future. (P. 30)
cut out意为“删除、删去”。
You had better cut out that sentence.
5. They have a quick dinner, and then it’s time for homework. (P. 30)
It’s time for sth.意为“该做某事了”，相当于It’s time to do sth.。
It’s time for lunch.
=It’s time to have lunch.
6. “In some families, competition starts very young and continues until the kids get older,” she days. (P. 30)
continue表示“继续”，后接动词不定式或者动名词作宾语。
Mrs. Green continued working/to work after she had her baby.
7. And they are always comparing them with other children. (P. 30)
(1) be always doing sth.意为“一直做某事、总是做某事”，含有赞扬、抱怨或厌恶等感情色彩，不表示正在发生的动作。
She was always moving things around.
(2) compare表示“比较”时，常用的结构有两个：compare...with...“把……同……比较”；compare...to...“把……比作……”。
Don’t compare your children with others’.
We often compare the little kids to the flowers of the motherland.
8. People shouldn’t push their kids so hard. (P. 30)
push这里用作动词，表示“鞭策、敦促、推动”。
Don’t push yourself too hard.
My parents push me to learn English well.
9. Dr. Alice says all these activities can cause a lot of stress for children. (P. 30)
cause这里是及物动词，表示“引起、造成”，cause sb. sth.相当于cause sth. for sb.。
The little boy caused his parents a lot of trouble.
=The little boy caused a lot of trouble for his parents.
【拓展】cause sb. to do sth.意为“导致某人做某事”
What caused him to change his mind?
10. In my opinion, it is important for children/parents to...(P. 32)
in one's opinion意为“依……看”，相当于according to sb.。
In their opinion, the meeting should be put off.
11. You could tell him to turn down the TV. (P. 32)
turn down意为“关小、调低”
Could you please turn down the radio a little.
【重点短语和句型归纳】
重点短语
1. have free time有空闲时间
2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
3. hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛
4. after-school classes 课外活动课
5. get into a fight with sb. 与某人吵架/打架
6. until midnight 直到半夜
7. talk to sb. 与某人交谈
8. too many太多
9. study too much 学得过多
10. get enough sleep 有足够的睡眠
11. write sb. a letter 给某人写信
12. call sb. up 打电话给某人
13. surprise sb. 令某人惊讶
14. look through 浏览；翻看
15. be angry with sb. 生某人的气
16. a big deal 重要的事
17. work out 成功地发展；解决
18. get on with 和睦相处；关系良好
19. fight a lot经常吵架/ 打架
20. hang over 笼罩
21. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事
22. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
23. cut out删除
24. mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事
25. communicate with sb. 与某人交流
26. in future 今后
27. make sb. angry 使某人生气
28. worry about sth. 担心某事
29. copy one’s homework 抄袭某人的作业
30. be oneself 做自己
31. family members 家庭成员
32. spend time alone独自消磨时光
33. give sb. pressure 给某人施压
34. have a fight with sb. 与某人吵架
35. compete with sb. 与某人竞争
36. free time activities业余活动
37. get better grades 取得更好的成绩
38. give one’ s opinion 提出某人的观点
39. learn exam skills 学习应试技巧
40. practice sports 体育训练
41. cause stress 造成压力
重点句型
1. 允许某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth.
2. 你什么不做某事呢? Why don’t you do sth.?
3. 发现某人在做某事 find sb. doing sth.
4. 拒绝做某事 refuse to do sth.
5. 让某人做某事 let sb. do sth.
6. 主动提出做某事 offer to do sth.
7. 介意某人做某事 mind sb. doing sth.
8. 直到…….才…….. not… until….
9. 该做某事了。It’s time for sth.
10. 做某事是……..的 It’s +adj.+ to do sth.
11. 继续做某事 keep on doing sth.
12. 你认为……怎么样？What do you think of…?
【语法讲解】
（一） 情态动词should和could
1. should 的用法
（1）表示“应该，应当”。
（2）表示“可能，该（=will probably）”
（3）表示粗暴地拒绝一项建议、要求或指示。
例如：
He should work harder.
Passengers should proceed to Gate.
His backpack should be in the classroom.
2. 情态动词could可以用来表示请求或建议，具体用法如下：
3. 表示请求或者允许
could表示请求或允许时，并不表示过去，只表示语气更加委婉，表示委婉的请求和陈述看法时，回答时用can。
Could I use your cell phone for a while?
Could you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
---Could you come to my birthday party?
---Sorry, I can’t. I have to stay at home to look after my mother.
4. 表示建议
情态动词could表示建议做某事，意为“可以”，语气比can更加委婉。
You could ask your doctor to check you over and do a few tests.
（二） 连词until, so that, although引导的状语从句
1）until：在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……”, “在……以前不……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。
Don’t get off until the bus stops.
2）so that引导目的状语从句（为了，以便）
例如：He studies hard so that he could work better in the future
although的用法意思相当于though（尽管，虽然），引导让步状语从句。引导的从句不能与并列连词but，and， so等连用，但可以和yet， still等词连用。
例如：Although he was tired, he went on working.尽管他很累，但是他继续工作。
Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?
【教材内容解析】
Section A
1. What were you doing yesterday at the time of the rainstorm? (P. 33)
此句是过去进行时，表示过去某个时候正在发生的动作，结构为：was/were doing sth.。
They were watching TV at nine o’clock last night.
2. My alarm didn’t go off so...(P. 34)
go off此处表示“发出响声”，还可以表示“爆炸、离开、停止运转”。
The alarm went off at 7 a.m. yesterday.
A bomb went off just now.
Danny decided go off on his own.
3. I called at seven and you didn’t pick up. (P. 34)
pick up意为“接电话”，相当于answer the phone。
Why don’t you pick up/answer the phone?
【拓展】pick up还可以表示“捡起、开车接送”。
My pen is under your desk. Can you pick it up for me?
Can you pick me up at the station?
4. I called again at eight and you didn’t answer then either. (P. 34)
also, too, as well与either都可以表示“也”，但是用法不同。
also
放在句中行为动词前，be动词、助动词和情态动词之后。
He also wants to go.

too
用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面用逗号隔开。
He wants to go, either.

as well
用于肯定句中，放在句尾，前面不用逗号隔开。
He wants to go as well.

either
用于否定句句末。
He doesn’t want to go either

5. With no light outside, it felt like midnight. (P. 35)
(1) with这里用作介词，表示伴随状况，意为“由于、因为”。
With John away, there’s more room in the house.
(2) feel like表示“感觉像、感觉好似”
The interview only took ten minutes, but it felt like hours.
【拓展】feel like还可以表示“想要”，后接动词时，用doing的形式。
He didn’t feel like going swimming.
6. Ben’s dad was putting pieces of wood over the windows while his mom was making sure the flashlights and radio were working. (P. 35)
make sure意为“确保”，后接of短语或者that从句。
I tried to make sure of the problem.
Make sure that no one finds out about it.
7. She also put some candles and matches on the table. (P. 35)
match此处用作名词，表示“火柴”。
Don’t let your children play with matches.
【拓展】match用作名词还可以表示“比赛”，用作动词，意为“般配”。
Our team won the football game.
This pair of shoes match your dress well.
8. Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows. (P. 35)
(1) beat用作动词，表示“敲打、拍打”，还可以表示“战胜、打败”，宾语是对手。
They beat drums to cheer up the players.
I beat her at swimming yesterday.
(2) against用作介词，表示“碰、撞”。
The rain beat against the windows.
【拓展】against用作介词，还可以表示“倚着、靠着”或者“反对”。
The worker put the leader against the wall.
We were rowing against the current.
They are against building a factory here.
9. He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3:00 a.m. (P. 35)
die down意为“逐渐变弱、逐渐消失”。
The wind finally died down.
10. When he woke up, the sun was rising. (P. 35)
(1) wake sb. up意为“把某人唤醒”，wake up意为“醒来”。
His mother often wakes him up at 6:00 in the morning.
I usually wake up at 6:30.
(2) rise(rose,risen,rising)不及物动词，意为“升起，上升”
辨析：rise与raise
rise
不及物动词
意为“升起，上升”
The water in the river rose after the heavy rain.
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

raise
及物动词
意为“提高，筹集，抬高，举起”
The worker want the boss to raise their wages.
The teacher asks us to raise our hands if we have questions.
We should try our best to raise more money for the poor family.

11. Although the storm broke many things apart, it brought families and neighbors closer together. (P. 35)
break...apart意为“把……折断；把……分开”。
The strong wind broke the branches apart.
Rumors broke the two close friends apart.
Section B
1. Kate realized her bag was still at home. (P. 37)
realize用作及物动词，意为“理解、领会、意识到”，后接名词、代词或者从句作宾语。
He didn’t realize his mistake.
The man laughed when he realized what happened.
2. When the school basketball competition started, Kate was still making her way to school. (P. 38)
make one’s way to意为“前往……”，后接表示地点的名词。
We slowly made our way to the mall through the crowd.
3. Robert Allen is now over 50, but he was a school pupil at that time. (P. 38)
over此处表示“超过、多于”，相当于more than。
She stayed in Lagos for over a month.
He is over sixty.
4. We were eating dinner in the kitchen when we heard the news on the radio. (P. 38)
on the radio表示“通过广播、通过录音机”，on此处用作介词，表示“借助、以某种方式”，后常接表示媒介的名词。
She is watching the show on TV.
5. My parents did not talk after that, and we finished the rest of our dinner in silence. (P. 38)
(1) rest此处表示“其余的部分”，the rest of意为“其余的……、其它的……”，后可接可数名词后者不可数名词，当在句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与of后面的名词保持一致，若of后面的名词是单数可数名词或者不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式；若of后面的名词是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式。
The rest of the money is on the desk.
Some of the students are reading in the classroom and the rest of them are on the playground.
(2) in silence意为“沉默、无声”。
She stood by the window in silence for a long time.
6. More recently, most Americans remember what they were doing when the World Trade Center in New York was taken down by terrorists. (P. 38)
(1) recently用作副词，意为“近来、最近”，常与现在完成时连用。
Have you called your mother recently?
(2) take down意为“拆除、拆掉”，还可以表示“写下、记下”。
Could you please help me take down this tent?
I forgot to take down his telephone number.
7. I didn’t believe him at first, but then I looked out of the window and realized that it was true. (P. 38)
at first意为“起初、起先”，多用于句首或者句尾，暗示与后来的动作或者情况不同，与at last“最后、最终”相对。
The work was hard at first, but I got used to it later.
8. I was so scared that I could hardly think clearly after that. (P. 38)
hardly用作副词，表示“几乎不、几乎没有”。
She hardly ate anything today.
There is hardly any milk left in the ridge.
9. Kate didn’t think her friend was telling the truth about the event. (P. 39)
truth用作名词，表示“实情、事实”，to tell the truth表示“说实话”，放在句中作插入语，用逗号同句子其它成分隔开。
I must tell you the truth.
【重点短语和句型归纳】
重点短语
1. make sure 确信；确认
2. beat against … 拍打… …
3. fall asleep 进人梦乡；睡着
4. die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失
5. wake up 醒来
6. in a mess 一团糟
7. break … apart 使……分离
8. in times of difficulty 在困难的时候
9. at the time of 当……时候
10. go off (闹钟)发出响声
11. take a hot shower 洗热水澡
12. miss the bus 错过公交车
13. pick up 接电话
14. bring … together 使……靠拢
15. in the area 在这个地区
16. miss the event 错过这个事件
17. by the side of the road 在路边
18. the Animal Helpline 动物保护热线
19. walk by 走路经过
20. make one’s way to … 在某人去……的路上
21. hear the news 听到这个消息
22. important events in history 历史上的重大事件
23. for example 例如
24. be killed 被杀害
25. over fifty 50多(岁）
26. a school pupil 一个小学生
27. on the radio 通过广播
28. in silence 沉默；无声
29. more recently 最近地；新近
30. the World Trade Center 世贸中心
31. take down 拆除；摧毁
32. have meaning to 对……有意义
33. remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
34. at first 首先；最初
重点句型
1. be busy doing sth/be busy with sth 忙于（做）某事
2. see sb /sth doing sth 看见某人或某物正在做某事
3. begin/start to do sth 开始做某事
4. try to do sth 努力去做某事
5. have trouble（in）doing sth做某事有困难
【语法讲解】
过去进行时
1. 基本概念：过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的
动作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外, 一般用时间状语来表示。
2. 结构 was / were ( not ) + 动词-ing
3. 句式
肯定式：
I/He/She/It was working. We/You/They/ were working.
否定式:
I/He/She/It was not working.
We/You/They/ were not working.
疑问式和简略回答:
Was I working? Yes, you were. No, you were not. Were you working? Yes, I was. No, I was not. Was he/she/it working? Yes, he/she/it was. No, he/she/it was not. Were we/you/they working? Yes, you/we/they were. No, you/we/they were not. 注：
1) was not常缩略为wasn’t; were not常缩略为weren’t。
2) 一般过去时与过去进行时用法的比较: 一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态, 而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。 例如:
David wrote a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。(信写完了。)
David was writing a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信。(信不一定写完。)
4.过去进行时中的when和while
when, while 区别：
1) 由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时； 由while引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去进行时。
When the teacher came in, we were talking.
当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为： While we were talking, the teacher came in.
2)如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导。如：
They were singing while we were dancing.