高中英语语法讲义——名词性从句

名词性从句 名词性从句包括四种从句即主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位词从句。引导名词性从句的关联词有以下三类：从属连词：that, whether, if, as if (用于表语从句)连接代词：who, what, which, whom, whose，whatever, who, whoever,等连接副词：when, where, why, how以及由how组成的词组how many, how long, how far等
I. 主语从句主语从句: 通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。it作形式主语的几个主要句型1.It + be+名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.) + that从句It’s a pity that we can’t go .         2.It +be +形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+ that从句It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 3.It + be+ 过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, etc.)+ that从句It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.                                                          4. It +不及物动词(seem, happen等) +that从句It seemed that Alice is not coming to the party at all.       5. It doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句。It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否来这无关紧要。II. 表语从句1.as if常与look, seem, sound等连系动词连用. 由as if ,as though引导表语从句时要注意语态.若从句表示与现在事实相反,谓动用一般过去式（be用were）,与过去事实相反用 had+p.p. 或表示将来的可能性不大，则用 would(might,could)+v原型 .She looks as if she would cry.  2.在一些表示“建议，劝说，命令”的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。My suggestion is that we（should）start early tomorrow.III. 宾语从句1.动词find,feel,think,consider,make,believe,guess,suppose,assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置。I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 o’clock in the morning.
2.有些动词带宾语从句时，需要在宾语从句前加it，这类动词(短语)主要有：hate,like,owe,have,appreciate,see to等I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.IV. 同位语从句1.同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark, belief,doubt, rumour, order, hope, reply, problem, reason, suggestion, advice, saying, answer,information, possibility, message, word, promise, truth, plan, opinion, problem, question,decision,等等。（位置：同位语从句常紧跟这些名词之后；但有时被其它词隔开，称作分式同位语从句) 关联词多用从属连词that. Where did you get the idea that I could not come? They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.2.表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词如suggestion, advice, proposal, desire, demand, request,requirement, order, decision, command后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语（should+动词原形，should可省略）This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.     名词性从句翻译练习1.我们不能参加会议真遗憾。（主语从句，it作形式主语） 2.你不知道那些日子我们有多忙。(宾语从句) 3.他们表达了要再来中国的愿望。（同位语从句） 4.我们的家乡跟过去不一样了。(表语从句) 5.我认为我们每天喝大量的开水是必要的。(it是形式宾语，that从句是真正的宾语) 6.因此，我坚信未来掌控在我们自己的手中。(宾语从句) 7.我最感兴趣的是文学书(literary books)，尤其是由著名作家写的。(主语从句) 8.我的英语还不错，学习中最主要的两个问题是我感觉记单词难，而且说英语时经常感到紧张。(表语从句) 9.作为朋友，我对你的建议是你应该用更多是关心(consideration)来对待你的父母。(表语从句) 10.你所做的和说的对我们很有帮助。(主语从句) 11.真正的朋友会尽其所能来帮助你。(宾语从句) 12.毫无疑问，练字不会妨碍(get in the way of)学习，反而还有助于学习。（同位语从句） 13.众所周知，拥有很好的词汇知识是学习一门语言的基础。(it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语) 老师给我们提出了一些如何背诵英语单词的建议。（同位语从句）答案1.It is a pity that we cannot attend the meeting.2.You don’t know how busy we were those days.3.They expressed the hope that they would come to China again.4.Our hometown is no longer what it used to be .5.I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water everyday.
6.Therefore, I’m firmly convinced that our future is in our hands.
7.What interests me most is literary books, especially those by famous writers.
8.My Enlish is just Ok and the main problems in my study are that I feel it difficult to learn words by heart, and that I often feel nervous when speaking English.9.My advice to you as a friend is that you should treat your parents with more consideration.10.What you do and say is of great help to us.11.The true friends will do whatever they can to help you.12.There is no doubt that practing hand writing doesn’t get in the way of our study,on the contrary,it does good to it.13.It is known to all that language learning is based on a good knowledge of vocabulary.14.Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should) memorize English words..