高中英语语法讲义——非谓语动词与状语从句的转化

非谓语动词与状语从句的转化状语从句是同学们在初中就掌握的内容，笔者现将非谓语动词与状语从句之间转换的规律作一归纳，帮助大家更好地掌握非谓语动词。 一、非谓语动词与时间状语从句间的转换。1.当主、从句的主语一致，主、从句的谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生时，且从句中谓语动词是主动语态，可用现在分词的一般式转换。如： When they heard the news，they jumped with joy. Hearing the news，they jumped with joy.当他们听到这则消息时, 高兴得跳了起来。 2.当主、从句的主语一致，从句中的动作发生在主句的动作之前 或从句中谓语动词是完成时，可用现在分词的完成式转换。如： After he(had）returned home，he began to work. Having returned home，he began to work.回到家以后, 他开始工 作。 3.当主、从句主语一致时，由 after，before，since，as soon as等引导的从句可分别用 after/before/since/on 加动名词短语转换。如： Since I saw you last，I have been ill. Since seeing you last，I have been ill.自从我上次见你后, 就一直在生病。As soon as he heard this，he couldn’t help crying.On hearing this，he couldn’t help crying.他一听到这事, 不禁哭了 起来。 4.当主、从句主语一致时，以 when，while 引导的从句，也可用 when /while加现在分词短语转换。如   While we were walking along the river, we heard someone shouting. While walking along the river，we heard someone shouting.当我们正沿着河走时,我们听到有人喊叫。 5.当主、从句的主语一致，且从句的谓语动词是被动语态时,可用过去分词短语转换。如:After they were sent to the zoo, the monkeys had good health. Sent to the zoo, the monkeys had good health. 这些猴子送到动物园后, 健康状况都很好。 6.当主、从句的主语不一致时，时间状语从句可转换成分词的独立主格结构，即名词 /主格代词＋分词。 After the meeting was over，the students went out of the hall. The meeting being over，the students went out of the hall.会议结束后, 学生们走出了礼堂。 After her mother had passed away，she had to take care of her sister.Her mother having passed away，she had to take care of her sister.她妈妈去世后, 她只好照顾她妹妹。 二、非谓语动词与原因状语从句间的转换 1.当主、从句的主语一致时，可将原因状语从句转换成现在分词短语。如：Because she was ill，she couldn’t go to school. Being ill，she couldn’t go to school.因为她病了, 所以没能去上学。 As he had worked among the workers，he knew them very well. Having worked among the workers，he knew them very well.由于他曾 在工人中工作过, 因此对他们很了解。 2.当主、从句主语一致，且从句的谓语是被动语态，可用过去分词短语转换。如： As he was born in Shanghai，he knew the city very well.Born in Shanghai，he knew the city very well.由于他出生于上海, 他 对这座城市很熟悉。 3.当主、从句的主语不一致时，可把从句转换成分词的独立主格结 构。如： Because everyone in this city knew the teacher，we had no trouble in finding his house. Everyone in this city knowing the teacher，we had no trouble in finding his house.因为这座城市的每个人都认识这位老师, 所以我们没费事就找到了他的住处。 As the key was lost，she couldn’t enter the room . The key lost，she couldn’t enter the room .由于丢了钥匙, 她进不了房间。 4.当从句的谓语动词表示否定时，用分词的否定式转换。如： Because we didn’t know his address，we couldn’t get in touch with him .  Not knowing his address，we couldn’t get in touch with him .因为不知道他的地址, 所以没法和他联系。 As he hadn’t received a reply，he decided to write another letter to her. Not having received a reply，he decided to write another letter to her.由于没有收到回信, 他决定再给她写一封信。 三、非谓语动词与目的状语从句间的转换 1.以 so that/in order that引导目的状语从句，主从句主语一致时， 用to do/in order to do/so as to do等不定式短语转换。如： He got up early so that/in order that he could catch the train. He got up early to/in order to/so as to catch the train.他起得很早, 以便赶上那趟火车。 2.用不定式的复合结构 for sb.to do转换。如： He stood on the rock so that/in order that we could see him clearly. He stood on the rock for us to see him clearly. 他站在岩石上, 以便我们把他看清楚。 3.当从句是否定句时，用 not to do/in order not to do/so as not to do转换。如： He went out so that/in order that he couldn’t cry in public. He went out not to/so as not to/in order not to cry in public. 他为了不在公共场合哭出声, 就出去了。 四、非谓语动词与结果状语从句间的转换 1.结果状语从句以 so...that/such + a（n）+ 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + that从句或 so+ 形容词 + a（n）+ 可数名词单数 + that从句形式出现， that引导的肯定句可转换为 so...as to do或enough to do结构。如： He is so strong a man/such a strong man that he can carry the big stone. He is so strong as to/strong enough to carry the big stone.他是个很壮实的人, 他能搬起那块大石头。 2.such + 形容词 + 名词复数或不可数名词 + that引导的状语从句也可用 so...as to do或enough to do结构转换。如： These are such short assignments that they can be finished by me. The assignments are so short that they can be finished by me. The assignments are so short as to be finished by me. The assignments are short enough to be finished by me.作业很少, 我能做完。 3.当主从句的主语不一致时，可用 so...as for sb.to do 或 enough for sb.to do结构转换。如： The girl spoke so slowly that we could understand her. The girl spoke so slowly as for us to understand. The girl spoke slowly enough for us to understand.那女孩说得慢, 我们能听懂她讲的话。 4.当结果状语从句是否定式时，可用 too...to do /so...as not to do / not...enough to do 结构转换。如： He is such a young boy/so young a boy that he can’t go to school. The boy is so young that he can’t go to school. The boy is too young to go to school. The boy is so young as not to go to school. The boy is not old enough to go to school. 这男孩太小, 不能上学。