高中英语语法讲义——名词性从句

名词性从句 teaching plan一、  学情分析名词性从句是高中阶段学生接触到的较难的语法点，很多学生分不清楚名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句之间的区别，经常出现混用的现象。但在高考中名词性从句为必考项目，甚至在学业水平考试中都有要求，因此，学生复习名词性从句的用法有着重要意义，它对于学生分辨各种复合句有一定的指导作用，扫除名词性从句的障碍可以有助于学生学习其他的复合句，并对其书面表达和语法填空的提高有指导意义。二、  教学目标知识与技能A．复习名词性从句的种类及构成；B． 正确辨识并使用名词性从句的连接词；C． 复习it作形式宾语在句子中代替宾语从句。2. 过程与方法A．图解法B． 列举法C． 讲授法D．演示法3. 情感态度与价值观A．培养学生的规范语言表达；B． 让学生体会语言的灵活多变。C． 让学生体验学习的乐趣和成功的喜悦。三、  教学重、难点名词性从句的作用；正确判断并使用连接词；名词性从句的表现形式；It作形式主语和形式宾语的用法。四、   教学方法：合作交流，小组讨论。自主学习，独立思考。探究学习。五、   渗透法制教育  教学步骤：Before class：一．  先学任务复习五种简单句中的“主+谓”结构、“主+谓+宾”结构、“主+系+表”结构；对比以下几个句子，区分其分别属于哪种从句。1）  What she said was right.  （主从）2）  I have no idea how she did it.（同位语从句）3）  It’s a pity that you failed the exam.（主从）4）  I’m sure that I will see you again.（宾从）5）  What I want to know is when we’ll leave for Beijing.（主从、表从）6）  Teachers consider it necessary that students should finish their homework.（宾从）3. 用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空。1)I don’t know ______ she can speak English or not.2)There is a policeman over there. Let’s go and ask him_________ the railway station is.3)_________ he is correct or not is unknown.4) That is _________ they are looking for.5) It is a truth ________ there would be no new China without the Chinese Communist Party.References: 1.whether 2.where 3. Whether 4.what 5.thatDuring class：Step1: lead in 1.   A bear   comes.      主语    谓语   What we are afraid of  comes.      主语（从句）     谓语 2.  The sheep  stops  breathing.    主语    谓语   宾语    The sheep  stops  what he is doing.主语     谓     宾语（从句） 3.  That   is     the place.   主语   系     表语    That   is     where Lenin once lived.   主语  系          表语从句 4. The news   is   true.   主语     系   表  The news that he has been elected monitor   is   true.   主语           同位语从句           系   表Step2: 主语从句 1. 主语从句的引导词主语从句在复合句中充当主句的主语。引导主语从句的词有：从属连词：that, whether(通常不用if); That she will come to our party is certain.Whether it is true remains a question.连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which,whoever, whichever, whatever; Who was the first man to land on the moon is clear to us.Which train will arrive first is not clear.Whoever comes will be welcome.Whatever the old man had was given to the government.连接副词：when, where, why, how等。Where he was born is still a puzzle.Why he was late for school yesterday is not clear.注意：（1）从属连词if通常不能用来引导主语从句，应该用whether(or not)；(2)  以wh-连接代词和连接副词引导的主语从句采用陈述句语序；(3)  以that 为从属连词引导的主语从句如位于句末，在非正式场合，that可省略；如：It is clear rain will fall this evening.(rain前省去了that)it作形式主语结构主语从句位于句首常显得笨重，因此常将它移至句末，句首用it作形式主语。 1） that 从句作主语时，为了使句子平衡，常用it 作形式主语。It is certain that he will come here.      他会来这里这是很确定的。 结构：it+be+adj.+主从     It is wonderful that we won the competition. 结构：it+be+adj.+主从 2）It was a pity that you failed the exam.  结构：it+be+n.+主从 3）It happened that I met her in the street. 结构：it+appear/happen/seem/matter等不及物动词+主从 4） It is said that she married last year. 结构：it+be+过去分词+主从it作形式主语情况（1）以that引导的主语从句通常用it作形式主语；（2）以wh-引导的主语从句一般放在句首，也可用it作形式主语；（3）全句如果是一般疑问句，则多用it作形式主语，如：Is it probable that she will go there today?（4）全句如果是感叹句，则必须用it作形式主语；How strange it is that he is so quiet!当堂导练一：用适当的连接词填空。1.      people with mental-health problems want most of all is a more equal and open working culture.2.       we need more practice is quite clear.3.           I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business.4. The traveler lost his way in the wood, and      made things worse was that it was getting dark.5. In some countries,          are called “public schools” are not owned by the public.6.据说他赢得了这场比赛。（翻译）References:1.what 2. That 3. Whether 4.what 5.what 6. It is said that he won the competition.Step3: 宾语从句宾语从句的引导词宾语从句在复合句中充当主句的宾语。引导宾语从句的词有：从属连词：that, whether, if; I think (that) he can finish the work alone.I want to know if(whether) his mother still teaches in the school. 连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which,whoever, whichever, whatever; I wonder what he is doing now.Do you know which is longer,the Yellow River or Yangtze River?He asked me whose pronunciation was the best in the class.Take whatever you like.连接副词：when, where, why, how等。I wonder why she failed in the final examination.Tell me how I can get to the railway station.Can you tell me where she lives.Do you know when we will set off tomorrow morning?2、that的特殊用法引导宾语从句的that往往可以省略，但在下列情况中不能省略：1)that从句位于句首时，that不能省略；That she ever did such a thing I couldn’t believe.2)谓语动词think/thought 与that从句之间有插入的词语，that也不能省：I thought to myself that he was not telling the truth.3) 宾语从句并列时，第一个that可以省略，第二个不能省略；She said (that) she couldn’t tell me and that I wouldn’t understand.4)if 和whether都可以引导宾语从句，但if后不能跟or not,whether后可以和or not连用；5）动词doubt引导的宾语从句，肯定句用if/whether, 否定句或疑问句用that6）that不能充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except，in的宾语。其他介词后，需要用that从句作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语。He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless.他是个好学生，就是有点粗心。He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.他和他的同学不同的地方在于他把课余时间用在了读书上面。You may depend on it that I shall always help you. 你要相信我会一直帮助你的。It all depends on whether I have enough time (or not). 那要看我有没有足够的时间。3、it作形式宾语的用法由that引导的宾语从句后面如果有宾语补足语，常用it做形式宾语，而将整个宾语从句放在宾语补足语之后；He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他不会屈服的，这一点他已经明确表示了。We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.  他应当改进他的发音，我们认为这是有必要的。当堂导练二：用连接词完成下列填空题。1. The road is covered with snow. I can’t understand      they insist on going by motor-bike.2. I persuaded my parents          we should go to Italy for a holiday rather than Scotland.3. --Can you get everything ready by the weekend?  --It all depend on          we can get Mr. Green’s cooperation.4.He seems too tired today, and I wonder          he got a good sleep last night.5. Would you tell me         you want your tea, with sugar or milk?6. He will tell you       he expects will win such a match.7. 我想要知道他在哪里。（翻译）References:1.why 2.that 3.whether 4.whether 5.how 6.who 7. I wonder where he is.Step4: 表语从句1. 表语从句的引导词表语从句在复合句中充当主句的表语。引导表语从句的连接词有：从属连词：that，whether（通常不用if）, as if, as though等；The truth is that he has never been to the countryside.The question is whether we can finish the experiment by tomorrow afternoon.She looks as if she were very tired.连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever等； The most important thing is whom our education must serve.最重要的是我们的教育必须为谁服务。This school is not what it was before.What I want to know is which dictionary I should buy. 连接副词：when, where, why, how, because等;What I want to know is when we’ll leave for Beijing.This is why she got up so early this morning.That was how they won the football match.I was late. It/That/This was because I missed the train. 2. 以suggestion，advice，demand等词为主语的表语从句中的谓语动词需用虚拟语气，如：His suggestion was that we (should) finish our task all by ourselves.当堂导练三：用适当的连接词填空。1. The question is ________ we will have our sports meet next week.2. The reason why he failed is ________he was too careless.3. Go and get your coat. It’s ________you left it.4．What I want to know is ______ he likes the gift given by us.5. The reason is_________I missed the bus.6. That is ________ we were late last time.   7. She looked _________ she were ten years younger.
8.—I fell sick! —I think it is _______ you are doing too much.References:1.whether/where 2.that 3.where 4. whether 5.that 6.why 7.as though 8.becauseStep5: 同位语从句同位语从句的引导词以从句的形式表示的同位语叫同位语从句。引导同位语从句的连接词通常有：从属连词：that，whether（通常不用if）等，that不能省略；The truth that the earth moves around the sun is known to all.The question whether we should take part in the parade was answered by the teacher.连接代词：what,who,whom,whose等； I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。（what作定语）The question who will take his place is still not clear. （who作主语）连接副词：when, where, why, how等;We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。I have no idea how she did it.同位语从句在复合句中作某些名词的同位语；常见的名词有：news, fact, plan, suggestion, idea, order, question, truth, hope, thought, belief, doubt, fear等。同位语从句之前的名词若为suggestion, requirement, advice等名词时，同位语从句的谓语动词须用虚拟语气。由that引导的同位语从句和定语从句之间的区别是，同位语从句是对前面的名词进行解释说明；而定语从句是对先行词进行修饰限定；同位语从句中的that不充当任何成分，定语从句中的that充当一定的成分。The news that he joined the army is inspiring.(同位语从句)The news that he told me is inspiring.(定语从句)当堂导练四：用正确的连接词填空。1）They expressed the hope       they would come over to China soon.2) The fact      he didn’t see Tom this morning is true.3) Word has come          some American guests will come to our college for a visit next week.4) He can’t answer the question       he got the money from his home yesterday.5) Do you have any idea          is actually going on in the classroom?6) The problem        we should have the meeting in the hall now must be decided at once.References：1.that 2.that 3.that 4.how 5.what 6.whetherAfter class:Step6: 自辅落实I. 在空格处填入适当的连接词。There are three pens on the desk. I wonder _______ one she will choose.No one knew ______ necklace that was.Do you know ________ the meeting will begin at the auditorium(观众席).Can you tell me ________ you happened to meet in the street yesterday?I don’t know ________ he is so hard on his son.I don’t think _______ you need worry about it.______ and _______ we shall meet next time has not been decided yet.________ she manages to do so much work is interesting to us all.The fact _______ we’ll have a good harvest this year is beyond doubt.Asia is no longer _______ it used to be.That’s ______ they decided to put off the sports meet._________ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.I have no idea ________ he failed in the exam.Who doubts_______ it is true?You can take ________ umbrella you prefer.References: 1.which  2.whose  3.when  4.whom  5.why  6.that  7. When,where  How  9.that  10.what  11.why   12. What  13.how  14.that  15.whicheverII. 改错He doesn’t know if it is true or not.His only ambition is what he wants to be a teacher.I haven’t the least interest in that he is doing.She made quite clear that she preferred to study English.My first question was if you had been there.Whatever you said it was right.I don’t believe no matter what you said.It turned out what the experiment was a success.References:1.if改为whether  2.what变为that  3.that变what  4.made后加it  5.if 变whether  6.去掉it  7.whatever  8.what改为that Step7:课后反思