高考英语语法一轮复习教案——定语从句讲解与练习（附答案）

定语从句专项讲解与练习

定语从句在句中修饰某个名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句需用下列关联词：关系代词和关系副词。 它们起连词作用，本身做从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语，本身在从句中作时间、地点或原因状语。 主要有who, whom, that, whose, which, as, when, where, why。PS:what不能引导定语从句. 指人的关系代词有who、whose、whom、that. 指物的关系代词有which、whose(=of which)、that. 关系代词或是关系副词的作用：连接主从句、指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。

1、关系代词：(who, whom, whose, that,)  指人 which , as（指物 which whose of which that ）

2、关系副词：when, where, why

关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。

关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用who 作主语，whom作宾语；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。

一：关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

注意事项：that在从句中作主语或宾语，既可以指人又可以指物；which在从句中作主语或是宾语，只能指物；who，whom在从句中分别作主语或宾语，只能指人；whose为关系代词who的所有格形式，用作名词的限定语，whose引导的定语从句既可以是限制性的，也可以为非限制性的。先行词既可以是人，也可以是无，whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中可作主语及动词或介词的宾语。

A.指人时1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

I thank the woman. The woman helps me a lot. I thank the woman who (that)helps me a lot.（主语）

The man was Jone .I saw him. The man (who whom that) I saw wasJone.(作宾语)

She was the woman .I told you about her. She was the woman (who whom that) I told you about .(做介词宾语)     She was the woman whom about I told you.(介词后只能用宾格)
　B.指物时）which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，

　A prosperity appears in the countryside. A prosperity had never been seen before .
　　A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作主语）

Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week? ( 做宾语)
C.3) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同the  n   of which互换）(指人用the  n  of  whom 来替换。),

例如：They rushed over to help the man. His car had broken down.
　 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.　 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙

They rushed over to help the man  the car of whom  had broken down.

有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of w
　He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (= whose name)

1、  只用who的

>①、 当先行词是 one, ones, anyone 或 those , these 时，关系代词用 who。

The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard.

Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.

Anyone who goes there will be punished.

Those who  are going to Beijing are the best students of our school.

>②、 在there be 开头的句子中。

There’s a beautiful girl who came to see you this morning.

There is a student who wants to see you.

>③、 先行词后有一个较长的定语。 I met a foreigner in the city last week who could speak Chinese well.

>④、 一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who，以免重复。  The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards.

>⑤、在非限定性定语从句中。 She has a brother, who worked at that factory ten years ago.

、that与which的区分

⑥there be 句型中，先行词指人时，用who 不用that, 指物时，用that不用which。

 There is an expression in his eyes that I can’t understand.

       There is a boy who is waiting for you at the school gate.

1。 指物时宜用 that 的情况：

>①、 当先行词为 all, none, much, little, few, something, anything, everything, nothing 等不定代词时。

All that can be done has been done.

>②、当先行词既指人又指物时。 He spoke of the men and the thing (that) he had seen abroad.

>③、当先行词是疑问词 who, what, which 时或者句子以疑问词 who , what , which 打头时。

Who that has such a home doesn’t love it?

>④、先行词是序数词、形容词最高级 或者 当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。

This is one of the best films that I have ever seen.

This is the best that can be done now. 

>⑤、 当先行词被 the very, the only, the last, the same , just, one of , any, every , few , little , no , all , one of 等修饰时。

This is one of the very book that I am looking for.

>⑥、关系代词在从句中作表语。 Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.

2。 只能用 which 不能用 that 的情况。

>①、 引导非限定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子。

Bruce went towards the fire, which was still smoking.

Tom came back late, which made his parents very angry.

>② 、关系代词作介词的宾语。This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.

>③、 that，those作主语时Those which are on the desk are English books.

④.先行词是专有名词、整个句子或世界上独一无二的物质名词时，一般用非限定性定语从句修饰。

The sun, which gives us light and heat, is very big.

注意  当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，那么定语从句中的谓语动词的数的形式应与先行词保持一致。

(1)one of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋复数动词 He is one of the students who pass the exam.

(2)the only one of＋复数名词＋关系代词＋单数动词

He is the only one of the students who passes the exam.他是唯一通过考试的学生。

(3)其他情况I，who am your teacher，will try my best to help you.我，你的老师，将尽力帮你。

Have you heard of the persons and things that are being talked about？你听说过正在被谈论的这些人和事

二：关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

    不可以作主语或宾语。

2、  （二）关系副词的用法： 1．when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如：
I still remember the time when I first became a college student.
Do you know the date when Lincoln was born?
注：when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如：
Each time he came, he did his best to help us.
But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill.
2．where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等，如：
This is the hotel where they are staying.
I forget the house where the Smiths lived.
注：where有时也可以省略。如：
This is the place (where) we met yesterday.
3． why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如：
That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.
注：why时常也可以省略。如：
That is the real reason he did it.
(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点：
1． 这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：
when = on (in, at, during…) + which;
where = in (at, on…) + which;
why = for which. 如：
I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived.
The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor.
This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it.
2． 当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较：
I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.
I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.
His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.
His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.

This is the place where I worked three years ago. 

This is the place that/which I visited three years ago .

That is the reason why he is late for school.

That is the reason that/which he explained to us all .
3． when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why 只能引导限制性定语从句。

5。关系副词when, where, why其含义相当于on which, in which , for which等，可以互换：

The day when /on which I met him first was May 1st.

I don’t know the reason why /for which he didn’t come.

6。whose指物时，可以与of which等结构互换，但应注意与冠词的位置关系：

This is the book the cover of which / whose cover is blue.

7。有时可用that代替关系副词。在口语中常省略。

This is the reason (why / for which / that) he came late.

三.1.限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。

This is the telegram which he refers to.
Is there anything (that) I can do for you? （注意的that）
2．非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。如：
This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.
As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.
引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where，不可以用that和why。
另外，非限制性定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列句，在口语中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人们通常用并列句或简单句来表达。如：
I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother.
= I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother.
Yesterday I happened to see John, who was eager to have a talk with you.
= Yesterday I happened to see John and he was eager to have a talk with you.
3．两种定语从句的内涵不同，限制性定语从句具有涉他性，而非限制性定语从句具有唯一性，这在理解和翻译时应特别注意。试比较：
All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.
All the books there that have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.
His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man. （只有一个）
His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old. （不止一个）
4．有时，非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是某一个词，而是整个主句或是主句中的一个部分，这时一般采用which或as来引导。如：
He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would.：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导 

四．as引导定语从句时的用法

①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such … a s ，so….as, as……as ,结构中。

e.g. I want the same shirt as my friend’s. 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。

Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。

②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is often the case with sb/sth      as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。

e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。

关系代词 as 和which都能引导非限定性定语从句代表整个句子的内容，as 引导的从句可位于句首或句末，which引导的定语从句则不能位于句首。

Which you know, he is a good man. (×)

As you know, he is a good man. (√) nt

四as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别

①当主句和从句语义一致时，正如…….,与人的愿望一致,用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。

e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected.

 He made a long speech, which was unexpected.

②当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。

e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn’t like at all.

③表示因果关系时,用which 不用as

He was late again , which made his boss very angry .

五 way 作先行词时定语从句的情况

1 way作先行词，关系词在定语从句中作主语，宾语时，关系代词应该用that或which，作宾语时，二者可省略。

This is the best way which can be used to sovle the problem at present.

You can do it in a way that nobody likes here .

2 way 作现行词，关系词在句中作状语，引导定语从句有三种情况，in which ,that 或者不填

I don’t like the way (in which ,that , / )you speak to your mother .

六 非限制行定语从句的五个“不能”

1 不能用that引导   I like the book  , which   I bought yesterday

2 不能用why 引导，要用for which

I have told them the reason why I didn’t attend the meeting .

I have told them the reason , for which I didn’t attend the meeting .

3非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不能用which 引导，as 引导的非限制行定语从句，可置于句首，句中或句末。

As I had expected , he didn’t believe me .

She heard a terrible noise , which brought her heart into her mouth .

4 非限制性定语从句由“介词+ which”引导，此时不用that或as

He bought the car for more than $20,000, with which his father was angry .

I finished my work ahead of time , after which I sat some time reading the newspaper .

5 在非限制行定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用宾格whom，不能用who, 也不能省略。

Do you know Tom , whom we talked about ?

七定语从句的特殊类型

Since when , from  where , during which time , for whom

定语从句专项练习题。

1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. which B. where C. what D. in which
2.Do you know the man _______?
A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke
3.This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed
C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed
4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
A. which B. that C. when D. on which
5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where B. to which C. which D. in which
7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.
A. where B. that C. which D. there
8.This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked
9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked B. which you talked
C. about that you talked D. that you talked
10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which
11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.
A. whom B. who C. which D. that
12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.
A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom
13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?
A. who B. who's   C. which  D. whose
14.I'm interested in ______ you have said.
A. all that B. all what   C. that  D. which
15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.
A. which B. who C. what D. as
16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.
A. who B. whom C. that D. as
17.He is good at English, ______we all know.
A. that B. as C. whom D. what
18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.
A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him
19.I don't like ______ as you read.
A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels
20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. whom D. what
21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.
A. which B. that C. whom D. who
22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.
A. them B. which C. whom D. who
23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.
A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who
24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.
A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that
25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.
A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what
26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.
A. that B. which C. as D. it
27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when
28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.
A. which B. whose C. what D./
29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.
A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which
30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.
A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after
C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after
31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.
A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what
32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.
A.that B.which C.for which D.who
33.That is not the way ______I do it.
A./ B.which C.for which D.with which
34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.
A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which
35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.
A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which
36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.
A. who B. which C. that D. it
37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.
A. that B. which C. from that D. from which
38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.
A. that B. which C. who D. as
39. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.
A. / B. why C. when D. whose
40. Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.
A. that B. which C. it D. though
41. --- Did you ask the guard _______ happened?
--- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.
A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that
42. I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with
the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.
A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which
43. The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.
A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are
44. During the days ________, he worked as a servant at the Browns.
A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed
45. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn?
A. that B. / C. which D. it
46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he could see _____ was going on inside house.
A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that
47. Is _______ some German friends visited last week?
A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where
48. John got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected.
A. as B. that C. what D. who
49. I have bought two ballpens, _______ writes well.
A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which
50. All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.
A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been

参考答案及解析 1. A. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。
2．C. "和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。 3. D. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

4. C. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
5．A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。
6．C. 解析同第5题。 7. A. 解析见第3题。
8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。
9. A. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。
10. A. with which是"介词+关系代词"结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有"用"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen.
11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语.
12. D. with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.
13. D. whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.
14. A. that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.
15. D. the same……..as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.
16. D. such……… as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.
17. B. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.
18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming.
19. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。 as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用such a……..,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词.
20. B. things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.
21. D. who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.
22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.
23. D. 先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.
24. A. whose title引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which
25. A. for which 引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语 be famous for "以……..而闻名".
26. C. 当先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as. As在本从句中作主语.
27. A. 两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.
28. D. 在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替“in (或其他介词)+which”、when或where，而that常可省略。
29. D. for which在定语从句中作原因状语,可用why 来替代. 30. B. which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句.
31. A. The reason why… was that….已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why和that不能随意换位，也不能将that改成because，尽管that这个词在译文中可能有 “因为”的含义。
32. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.
33. A. 解释见28题.
34. D. 主句中的two表明不能选A.从句中的are表明不能选B. both of which用来引导非限制性定语从句.
35. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语.
36. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.
37. D. 38. D. 解析见35题.
39. A. he makes是定语从句, 从句前省略了关系代词that. 40. B. which is a bad habit 非限制性定语从句.
41. A. what happened是宾语从句. all 之后that he knew是定语从句.先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用that.
42. D. years是表示时间的名词,用when引导定语从句,是因为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句.
43. C. 本句话的定语从句是who own cars. 其先行词是people,因此,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是The number of指“…..的数目”，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用is。
44. D. that followed是定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语。
45. A. 先行词gas被only修饰，关系代词要用that，而不用which。
46. B. through which引导定语从句，through which即through the hole,在定语从句中作状语。What引导的是see的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。
47. B. 为便于理解，改写本句话：This is the school that some Germanfriends visited last week. 不难看出，作表语的the school是先行词。that引导了定语从句，因为that同时又作visited的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。
48. A. 解释见35题。 49. C. 因为是two ballpens, 并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此，C是正确选项。
50. B. 本句话中，主句的主语是all,为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的has been。关系代词that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。