高考英语虚拟语气讲解和练习（附答案）

虚拟语气 一、考点聚焦    1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中    （1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。如：If I were a boy, I would join the army.If the had time, she should go with you.（2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。如：If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.（3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/could might + 动词原形。如；If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.（4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如：If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式： 条件状语从句主       句与过去事实相反had + 过去分词should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词与现在事实相反一般过去时(be用were)would/should/could/might + 动词原形与将来事实相反一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形Would/should/cold/might + 动词原形有时侯在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式，即“were / had / should +主语”。如：Were I a boy, I would join the army.Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句（1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如：I wish it were spring all the year round.I wish I had known the answer.I wish I could fly like a bird.②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形或是动词原形。如：She suggested we (should)leave here at once.The doctor ordered she should be operated.（2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should） + 动词原形”。如：His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.（3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如：It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day.It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。如：It is pity that you can’t swim.3、虚拟语气在其他场合的运用（1）虚拟语气在as if/as though、even if/even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时。如：He did it as if he were an expert.Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.（2）虚拟语气用于定语从句中。这种从句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) … ”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或should + 动词原形，意思是“(现在)该……”。如：It’s time that I picked up my daughter.It’s high time we were going.（3）虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中。如：If only I were a bird.If only I had taken his advice.（4）虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。①情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常会话中。如：It would be better for you not to stay up too late.Would you be kind enough to close the door?②用于一些习惯表达法中。如：Would you like a cup of tea?I would rather not tell you. 二、精典名题导解选择填空1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _______. (NMET  95)A.breaks    B.has broken     C.were broken      D.had been broken 解析：答案为C。本题考查的是as if 引导的让步状语从句中的语气问题，as if引导的状语从句如果与事实一致，不用虚拟语气，如果与事实相反，应用虚拟语气。题中“当铅笔的一部分浸在水中，铅笔看上去好像断了”。而实际上铅笔并未断，与事实相反，前半部分陈述是一般现在时，因而本句是对一般现在时的虚拟，用were broken。2. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ___________, she would have met my brother.(NMET   94)A.has come      B.did come      C.came      D.had come解析：答案为D。本题考查的是if条件句中的虚拟语气。题意是：我在会议上没看到你姐姐，故你姐姐没来。因此如果“她来了”与事实相反，前面一句交代了虚拟语气的时态是一般过去时的虚拟，所以if从句中用had+过去分词。3. —If he ___________, he ________that food.—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.(NMET  93) A.was warned; would not takeB.had been warned; would not have takenC.would be warned; had not takenD.would have been warned; had not taken解析：答案为B。本题考查的是条件状语从句与主句表示与事实相反时虚拟语气的用法。根据下一句语境可知，他事先并没有得到警告，表示过去时间的虚拟语气，故选B。 虚拟语气1．I enjoyed the movie very much．I wish I     the book from which it was made．   A．have read    B．had read    C．should have read    D．am reading2．You are late．If you     a few minutes earlier,you     him．   A．came；Would meetB．had come；Would have met   C．come；Will meet D．had come；would meet3．I can’t stand him．He always talks as though he     everything·   A．knew       B．knows       C．has know       D．had known4．His doctor suggested that he     short trip abroad．   A．will take     B．would take     C．take     D．took5．We might have failed if you       us a helping hand．   A．have not given    B．would not give    C．had not given    D．did not give6．The law requires that everyrone     his car checked at least once a month．   A．has        B．have        C．had            D．will have7．He was busy yesterday，otherwise he     to the meeting．   A．would come    B．would have been    C．could have been    D．would be8．If there were no subjunctive mood，English     much easier．   A．will be    B．would have been    C．could have been    D．would be9．     the fog，we should have reached our schoo1．    A．Because of    B．In spite of    C．In case of    D．But for10．—What will you do during winter vacation?   —I don’t know，but it’s about time     something·   A．I decided    B．I’ll decide    C．I’d decided    D．I’m deciding11．He was very busy yesterday，otherwise，he     to your birthday party．    A．would come    B．came    C．would have come    D．should come12．The two strangers talked as if they     friends for years．    A．should be     B．had been     C．have been     D．were13．Look!  What you’ve done!You     have been more careful．    A．should        B．may          C．ought         D．would14．Without electricity，what     ?    A．will the world be like       B．would the world be like    C．the world will be like       D．the World Would be like15．With your ability，you     out the puzzle within a few minutes．A．  could have worked           B．need have worked  B．  C．ought have worked        D．must have worked16．My suggestion is that the sick boy     to hospital as soon as possible．    A．is taken    B．must be taken    C．be taken    D．has to be taken17．If we had not missed the bus，we     lunch at home now．    A．would have had    B．would have    C．must be having    D．would be having18．     here yesterday，he would attend the lecture with us today．    A．Had he been    B．If he were    C．Were he    D．Should be he19．His tired face suggested that  he     really tired after the 1ong walk．    A．had been       B．was       C．be       D．should be20．Do you feel that I     the problem in a different way the other day?    A．should come    B．should have solved    C．have solved    D．solved21．0ur chairman hasn’t come yet．If he     on time，we would have to put off the meeting．    A．should come    B．would come    C．shouldn’t come    D．doesn’t come22．He insisted that he     really very tried and that he     to have a rest．    A．was；be allowed                 B．was；must be allowed    C．should be；must be allowed      D．should be；be allowed23．He did his best in everything；     he would not have been what he was．    A．and       B．but      C．otherwise      D．but that24．I do     I could give you a hand．    A．hope      B．wish     C．expect         D．think25．I Would rather she     tomorrow than today．    A．come      B．came     C．should         D．has come26．The guard at the gate insisted that everybody     the rules．    A．obeys     B．obey     C．will obey      D．Would obey27．I     her if I thought she would understand．    A．would tell    B．will tell    C．Would have to1d    D．told28．The teacher requires Rose     by heart 15 English words each day．    A．1earn         B．to learn     C．must learn         D．1earning29．—If he      ，he     that food．    —Luckily he was sent to the hospita1 immediate1y．    A．Was warmed；would not take        B．had been warmed；wou1d not have taken    C．would be warmed；had not taken    D．would have been warmed；had not taken30．Without electricity human life     quite different today．    A．is      B．will be      C．would have been      D．Would be 虚拟语气l-5 BBACC    6-10 BBDDA  11-15 CBABA  16-20 CDABBD 21-25 CACBB  26-30 BCBBD虚拟语气强化训练 1．Were it not for the snowy weather, we __________all right. A. would be  B. would have been  C. were  D. may be 2. ________more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain were  B. Had the captain been C. Should the captain be  D. If the captain would have been 3. If he _________ me tomorrow, I would let him know. A. should call   B. should not have been able C. were not able   D. are not able 4. If you asked your father, you ______________ permission. A. may get  B. might get  C. should have called  D. maybe get 5. _____________today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave   B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave   D. If he leaves 6. ______I you, I would go with him to the party. A. Was  B. Had been  C. Will be  D. Were 7. Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he ____________our chairman now. A. must have been  B. would have been  C. were  D. would be 8. ____________ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday A. In spite of  B. But for  C. Because of  D. As for 9. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I _____________your advice A. follow  B. would follow  C. had followed  D. have followed 10. If the horse won today, it _____________ thirty races in five years. A. would have won  B. won  C. must have won  D. did have won 11. There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened, _______a sudden loud noise. A. being there  B. should there be  C. there was  D. there having been 12. If you hadn’t taken such a long time to get dressed, we’d______________ there by now. A. be  B. circles  C. is circling  D. be circling 13. I wish I ___________ with her. A. would be  B. am  C. was  D. were 14. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_______________ to it. A. had not gone  B. have not gone  C. did not go  D. can not have gone 15. George would certainly have attended the meeting, ____________________ . A. if he didn’t get a flat tire  B. if the flat tire hadn’t happened C. had he not had a flat tire  D. had the tire not flattened itself 16. The teacher suggested that her students _____________ experiences with ESP. A. write a composition on their  B. to write composition about the C. wrote some compositions of his or her  D. had written any compositions for his 17. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ______________a Chinese. A. were  B. had been  C. is  D. has been 18. Looking round the town, he felt as though he ______________ away for ages. A. has been  B. was  C. is  D. had been 19. Most insurance agents would rather you ___________ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation. A. do  B. don’t  C. didn’t  D. didn’t do 20. It is important that the TOEFL office ________ your registration. A. will confirm  B. confirm  C. confirms  D. must confirm 21. Without electronic computers, much of today’s advanced technology __________. A. will not have been achieved  B. have not been achieved C. would not have been achieved  D. had not been achieved 22. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he ____________a Chinese. A. were  B. had been  C. is  D. has been 23. It is time that the government ______________measures to protect the rare birds and animals. A. takes  B. took  C. has taken  D. taking 24. Some people are too particular about school records, insisting that every applicant ________ all diplomas from elementary school to university. A. has  B. will have  C. should have  D. must have 25. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _____ to the meeting. A. would come  B. came  C. would have come  D. had come 26. If I had seen the movie, I ______________ you all about it now. A. would tell  B. will tell  C. have told  D. would have told 27. I had hoped that John _______ a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months. A. spends  B. spent  C. would spend  D. will spend 28. It’s high time they____________ this road. A. mend  B. mended  C. must have mended  D. will mend 29. It’s about time people______ notice of what women did during the war. A. take  B. took  C. have taken  D. will take 30. He’s working hard for fear that he_____________ . A. should fall behind  B. fell behindC. may fall behind   D. would fall behind 31. In the past men generally preferred that their wives_______________ in the home. A. worked  B. would work  C. work  D. were working 32. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child _____ psychologically ready for the new idea. A. is  B. were  C. be  D. would be 33. Your advice that_____________ till next week is reasonable. A. she waits  B. she wait  C. wait she  D. she waited 34. It was essential that we lease before the end of the month. A. sing  B. singed  C. had signed  D. were signing 35. I advised that the sick child ________ a hospital as soon as possible.A. should send to        B. should be sentC. be went to           D. must be sent to36. The workers in the factory demanded that their pay ________ be 20 percent.   A. be raised     B. would be raised  C. raised       D. raise37. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ________ the rules.   A. obeys      B. obey      C. will obey      D. would obey38. My suggestion is that she ________ more exercise, which will do a lot of   good to her.   A. takes     B. must take       C. take       D. took39. If only I ________ driving before.   A. learn       B. learned     C. had learned      D. would learn40. ________ she ________ yesterday, she would meet the famous singer today.A. If, didn’t leave  B. Had not, left C. Hadn’t, left D. Didn’t, leave   答案1 ~ 20:  ABABC  DDBCA  BADAC  AADDB21 ~ 40:  CDBCC  ACBBA  CCBAC  ABCCC