高中英语直接引语变间接引语详解 教案
展开直接引语变间接引语
一．直接引语和间接引语的定义。
直接引语：直接引用别人的话叫直接引语，
间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。
直接引语前后加引号；间接引语不必加引号。
He said, “ I’m a student.” （直接引语 ） → He said that he was a student. （间接引语）
主句 从句 主句 从句
二．当直接引语为特殊疑问句变间接引语形成宾语从句时，首先要注意用特殊疑问词，
其后用陈述语序的句子，同时注意人称、时态、时间状语，连接词，语序的变化.
（一）人称的变化规则：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。
一随主 | 引号内的第一人 称变间引后与主句主语的人称保 持一致 | He says,” I like math very much . → He says that he likes math very much . |
二随宾 | 引号内的第二人称变间引后与主 句宾语的人称保 持一致 | He said to Lily, “ you must get up early” → He told Lily that she must get up early |
三不用变 | 引号内的第三人 称在变间引后去人 称不变 | She said to me , “ They want to help him” → She told me that they wanted help him |
★（二）．时态变化
宾语从句时态变化规则：主现从不限；主过从四过（即4种过去的时态：一般过去时；过去进行时；过去将来时；过去完成时）； 客观真理，只用一般现在时。
1.主句一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。
2.主句过去时，从句用相应的过去时态。即一般现在时改成 一般过去时；现在进行时改成 过去进行时； 一般将来时改成过去将来时；一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时改成过去完成时。
3.主句过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。
Teacher told us:" The moon moves round the earth."
Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.
主句的时态 | 从句的时态 | 例句 | |
一般现在时 He says | 所需的任何时态 | He says,” he likes math very much . → He says that he likes math very much | |
一般过去时 He said | 直接引语 | 间接引语 |
|
一般现在时 | 一般过去时 | He said, “ he is a student.” →He said that he was a student | |
现在进行时 | 过去进行时 | He said,“he is reading.”→He said that he was reading | |
一般将来时 | 过去将来时 | He said,“he will go home”→He said that he would go home | |
一般过去时 | 过去完成时 | He said，“he went home”→He said that he had gone home | |
现在完成时 | 过去完成时 | He said，“he has gone home”→He said that he had gone home | |
过去完成时 | 过去完成时 | He said，“he had gone home”→He said that he had gone home | |
(三)．时间状语变化
| 直接引语 | 间接引语 |
指示代词 | this these | that those |
时间状语 | now today tonight this week yesterday last week three days ago tomorrow next week | then that day that night that week the day before the week before three days before the next day/ the following day the next week/ the following week |
地点状语 | here | there |
动词 | come bring | go take |
★(四)．连接词
1．从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。
2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether。
3．从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。
注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他
直接引语 | 连接词 | 例句 | 注意事项 | |
陈述句 | that （常省略） | He said to me, “ you can help her.” → He said to me (that) I could help her.. |
2.引述动词said, said to sb told sb,等 | |
一般疑问句 |
if / whether.“是否” | He asked her, “ Do you love me?” → He asked her whether she loved him.
| 1.改为“陈述语序”。 2.引述动词asked 3.去掉Do, Does, Did 改变Are, Is, Will, Can位置 | |
特殊疑问句 | 特殊疑问词： what, who, why,how, which,when | He asked his wife, “How are you?” → He asked his wife how she was. He asked me, “ What color do you like?” → He asked me what color I liked. | 1.改为“陈述语序” 2.去掉Do, Does, Did 改变Are, Is, Will, Can位置 | |
祈使句 | 肯定 | ask (tell) sb. to do sth | He shouted, “ Lily, Close the door.” → He told Lily to close the door. | 1. 不用连接词 2. 不改变时态。 3. 无须考虑语序
|
否定 | ask (tell) sb. not to do sth. | He said to me, “Don’t be late.” → He asked me not to be late. | ||
注意：
- 语序不变的有：What’ the matter with you? What’s wrong with you?
但What’s the trouble with you?的语序要变
1）从句中有or / or not 。例：she asks whether he stayed 。
2.只用 whether 2）与不定式to do 连用。例：I can’t decide whether to tell him the news
3) 在介词后。例：they are talking about whether they can afford the new house
用法是有区别的，但当if/whether同时出现在选项中的时候，我们要选whether
★3.宾语从句语序：陈语述序，即：连接词+主语+谓语+其它。
或 连接词（此时连接词充当主语）+谓语+其它。
陈述语序中： be动词、助动词、情态动词不能提到主语前。
例：1）can you tell me where is the hospital (错）
can you tell me where the hospital is.(对）
2）I don’t know whether does he speak Chinese (错）
I don’t know whether he speaks Chinese (对）
3）I am not sure what can he do (错）
I am not sure what he can do (对）
