中考英语语法冠词讲解 教案
展开冠词语法讲解冠词是置于名词前，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物是泛指还是特指的一种虚词。冠词不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词。the 是定冠词，a 和an是不定冠词。定冠词定冠词the 用以特指人或事物，表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个，以区别于同类中其他的人或事物，相当于“那个”或“这个”意思。它可以和单数可数名词、复数可数名词或不可数名词连用。1.基本用法：The通常有明确的所指，可以用在上文提到过的人或事物，例如：I have a bird .The bird is white.还可以用在谈话双方都知道的人或者事物前面，可以和单词可数名词，复数可数名词或不可数名词放在一起使用。例如：What do you think of the movie？Where are the keys ? The milk is on the table.2.拓展用法用法实例1）用在单词可数名词前面，表示某一类人或事物，这和不定冠词的用法相似The steel workers make steel. The horse is a useful animal.2）用在世界上独一无二的事物或方位等名词前面Which is bigger,the earth or the moon?I live to the west of the Summer Palace.3）用在乐器前面He can play the piano.4）表示两者中“较……的一个”He is the taller of the two boys.5）用在序数词、形容词最高级及only所修饰的名词前面January is the first month of the year.Winter is the coldest season of the year.He is the only person who won’t come.6）用在江河湖海、山川群岛的名称前面The West Lake ;the Pacific Ocean; the Alps7）用在由普通名词和另外一些词构成的专有名词前面the Beijing Railway Stationthe People’s Republic of Chinathe United states8）表示“一家人”或“夫妇二人”The Browns are kind to us.9）用在形容词或分词前表示一类人或事物the rich , the poor ,the old ,the young, the disabled, the wounded10）用在固定结构“动词＋sb. ＋介词 the ＋某一部位”My teacher often pats me on the shoulder and encourages me to work hard. The policeman caught the thief by the arm.必备词组（1）与时间相关的短语all the time 一直in the day 在白天in the past在过去the next day 第二天at the same time同时in the morning在上午the day before yesterday前天in the 1990’s /1990s在20世纪90年代（2）与地点相关的短语at the foot of在……的脚下in the front of在……的前边on the way to 在去…… 的路上in/on/to the east of在…… 的东部on the right / left在右边/左边in the sky 在空中in the world在世界上in/on the street在街道上at the back of在……的后边in the middle of在…… 的中间（3）其他固定短语make the bed铺床on the whole总之all the time完全一样by the way顺便问一下with the help of在……的帮助下go to the cinema去看电影不定冠词不定冠词有a和an两种形式，用于单数名词前，表示微弱的“一”的概念，用来泛指事物，但并不强调数目。a用于辅音音素开头的词前,an用于元音音素开头的词前。 用法实例1)用来表示数量“一”，意思和one差不多，但数量概念比one弱There is a table and four chairs in the room.We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow.2）用于可数名词的单数形式前，指人或事物的某一类A child needs love.（指孩子这一类人）A horse is much smaller than an elephant.（指马这一类动物和大象这一类动物）3）泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物A boy is waiting for you at the school gate.I am reading an interesting story.4）用在表示“单位”，如时间、速度、价格等意义的名词前，表示“每一”I love junk food too, and I eat it two or three times a week.He drove his car along the highway eight kilometers an hour.5）用在序数词前，表示“再一，又一”You will have to do it a second time.I have three books, I want to buy a fourth one.6）用在一些专有名词前表示泛指的“一个”A Mr White rang you this morning.She is a Chinese now working as an engineer in America.7）用来表示某种身份、职业、地位、国籍。在这种用法中，几乎没有“一”的概念，只是强调一种身份、职业、地位，a /an常不翻译。I want to be an engineer.The duty of a doctor is to try to save people’s lives.8）用于表示动作意义的名词前。具有动作意义的名词与动词have，take，make，give等构成短语，表示一种短暂性动作时，此名词前的不定冠词一般不可缺少。have a look have a walk have a resttake a look take a walk take a turngive a smile give a shout take a break必备词组a great deal 大量 as a result 因此in a moment 立刻 half an hour 半小时in a hurry 急匆匆地 a moment ago 刚才in a word总之 once upon a time 从前in a loud voice 大声地 with a smile 微笑着零冠词零冠词主要指不使用冠词的情况，不包括冠词省略的情况。用法实例1）物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词前不用冠词Music is a universal language.Beijing is the capital of China.2）表示泛指的复数可数名词前不用冠词Telephones are still playing an important role in people’s life.3）月份、星期、节日、季节等名词前不用冠词 注意：当谈论具体的季节、日期和中国传统节日时常用定冠词。 I have been working for this company since September 2010.Valentine’s Day is a special day on which people show their love to those they love.I don’t like the spring of Beijing.The Mid-Autumn Festival, The Spring Festival and the Lantern Festival are three important traditional Chinese festivals.4）表示三餐或球类运动的名词前 注意：如果有定语修饰表示三餐的名词或者是特指某一顿饭，则要加冠词Do you like playing ice hockey or rugby?At weekends, I often help my mum cook breakfast.Because I had a heavy breakfast ,I don’t want to eat anything now.The breakfast I had this morning was too light.5）表示学科、语言的名词前不用冠词We learned arithmetic at elementary school.Chinese is spoken by the largest number of people and English is spoken the most widely.6）表示职位、头衔、称呼的名词前不用冠词Doctor, I’m not feeling myself today.George Smith was just assigned president of the company.7）单数名词相对应使用时不用冠词arm in arm 臂弯着臂day and night日日夜夜day after day日复一日地day by day一天天地hand in hand手拉手地8）不可数名词前不用冠词Health is the number one factor that people are concerned about.9）名词前已有指示代词、形容词性物主代词或限定词时My pen is much more expensive than yours.He went to some place in France.10）by 与表示交通工具的名词连用表示一种交通方式时，名词前不用冠词I go to school by bike every day.Now many people want to travel by plane.温馨提示零冠词的使用口诀月、季、星期、节假、洲、称呼、头衔、职务前；三餐、球类、惯用语；学科、棋类名词前必备词组at best充其量at breakfast 早早餐时at night 在晚上at college 在上大学at dusk 在黄昏时at dawn在拂晓时at first 起初at first sight 乍一看ask for advice 征求建议ask for help 寻求帮助ask for trouble 找麻烦catch fire 着火come back to life 苏醒do good/harm to…… 对……有好处/害处
