山东省昌乐二中2020届高三上学期期中考试英语试题

2017级高三上学期期中考试
英语试题
注意事项:
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，优题速享写在本试卷上无效。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 （共14小题；每小2.5分，满分35分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
I grew up poor. We had little money, but plenty of love and attention. I understood that no matter how poor a person was, they could still afford a dream. My dream was athletics.
By the time I was sixteen, I was good at baseball and football. My high-school coach was Ollie Jarvis. He not only believed in me, but taught me the difference between having a dream and showing conviction (信念).
One summer a friend recommended me for a summer job. This meant a chance for money in my pocket — cash for dates with girls, certainly, money for a new bike and new clothes, and the start of savings for a house for my mother.
Then I realized I would have to give up summer baseball to handle the work schedule, and that meant I would have to tell Coach Jarvis I wouldn’t be playing. I was dreading (害怕) this, but my mother said: “If you make your bed, you have to lie in it.”
When I told Coach Jarvis he was as mad as I expected him to be. “Your playing days are limited. You can’t afford to waste them,” he said.
I stood before him with my head hanging, trying to think of the words that would explain to him why my dream of buying my mom a house.
“How much are you going to make at this job, son?” he demanded.
“Three twenty-five an hour,” I replied.
“Well,” he asked, “is $3.25 an hour the price of a dream?”
That question laid bare for me the difference between wanting something right now and having a goal. I devoted myself to sports that summer, and within the year I was drafted by the Pittsburgh Pirates to play rookie-league ball, and offered a $20,000 contract. I signed with the Denver Broncos in 1984 for $1.7 million, and bought my mother the house of my dream.
1. The writer was grateful to Coach Jarvis, because Jarvis ______.
A. made him set a goal
B. supplied him with new clothes
C. gave him financial support
D. helped him show conviction
2. When the boy was offered a job, he wanted to ______.
A. balance summer baseball and the work schedule
B. refuse the job offer for summer baseball
C. give up summer baseball for the job
D. ask his coach Jarvis for advice
3. Which of the following can replace “If you make your bed, you have to lie in it.”?
A. You must eat the bitter fruit of your own making.
B. Believe in yourself, but above all be patient.
C. You must rely on yourself first, then others.
D. A good beginning makes a good ending.
4. The end of the story was that the writer ______.
A. failed to buy his mother a house
B. succeeded as a sportsman
C. became a successful businessman
D. made some money in the summer job
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。作者是一个很有棒球天赋的人，但家境很差，为了挣钱他计划放弃暑期训练，后来在教练的要求下坚持训练，成为了成功的棒球运动员。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句He not only believed in me, but taught me the difference between having a dream and showing conviction(信念).(他不仅相信我，还教会了我梦想和信念的区别)可知，作者很感激贾维斯教练，因为贾维斯帮助他树立了信念。ABC三项与本题无关。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第一句Then I realized I would have to give up summer baseball to handle the work schedule, and that meant I would have to tell Coach Jarvis I wouldn’t be playing.可知，然后我意识到我将不得不放弃夏季棒球来处理工作日程，这意味着我将不得不告诉贾维斯教练我将不会参加训练了。由此可知，当作者当时得到一份工作时，他想放弃夏季棒球训练而去做那份工作。故选C。
【3题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段第一句Then I realized I would have to give up summer baseball to handle the work schedule, and that meant I would have to tell Coach Jarvis I wouldn’t be playing.可知，然后我意识到我将不得不放弃夏季棒球来处理工作日程，这意味着我将不得不告诉贾维斯教练我将不会参加训练了。再根据划线句前的I was dreading (害怕) this(我又非常害怕告诉他这件事)可知，划线句If you make your bed, you have to lie in it.意为“如果你铺了床，你就得躺在上面”，即勇敢面对自己导致的结果。A项You must eat the bitter fruit of your own making.(你必须吃你自己做的苦果)与之相符。故选A。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后两句I devoted myself to sports that summer, and within the year I was drafted by the Pittsburgh Pirates to play rookie-league ball, and offered a $20,000 contract. I signed with the Denver Broncos in 1984 for $1.7 million, and bought my mother the house of my dream.可知，那年夏天，我全身心地投入到体育运动中，不到一年，我就被匹兹堡海盗队选中参加新秀联赛，并获得了一份2万美元的合同。1984年，我以170万美元的价格与丹佛野马队签约，为母亲买下了我梦寐以求的房子。由此可知，作者运动方面取得了成功。故选B。
B
Sudoku (数独) puzzles give your brain a hard time: Every number from 1 to 9 must appear in each of the nine horizontal (横向的) rows, in each of the nine vertical columns and in each of the nine boxes.
For many of us, this can be a reason for a headache, but in the very rare case of a German man, a Sudoku puzzle even caused seizures (痉挛).
In a new case study from the University of Munich, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, Dr. Berend Feddersen introduces a student who was 25 years old when he was buried by a snow slide during a ski tour. For 15 minutes, he didn’t get enough oxygen, which severely damaged certain parts of his brain. “He had to receive treatment on the scene. Luckily he survived,” says Feddersen, the author of the study.
Weeks after the accident, when the young man was ready for recovery treatment, something bizarre happened: When the patient solved Sudoku puzzles, he suddenly had seizures of his left arm — something the medical world hadn’t seen before.
Feddersen explains: “In order to solve a Sudoku, the patient used parts of his brain which are responsible for vision-space tasks. But exactly those brain parts had been damaged in the accident and then caused the seizures once they were used.”
This particular case is an example of what doctors call reflex epilepsy (反射性癫痫), according to Dr. Jacqueline French, professor from NYU Langone School of Medicine.
“You have to have an injury of your brain first, and then seizures like that can happen,” she says.
In the meantime, the patient from the case study stopped solving Sudoku puzzles forever and has been seizure-free for more than five years. “Fortunately, he can do crossword puzzles. He never had problems with those,” Feddersen says.
5. In the accident, the student ______.
A. began to experience seizures in his left arm
B. got the vision-space part of his brain damaged
C. had to be sent to hospital as soon as possible
D. found his Sudoku ability seriously weakened
6. It can be learned from the text that ______.
A. the man cannot complete crossword puzzles now
B. it is Sudoku playing that brings about his seizures
C. the man’s symptoms are common and widely observed
D. the seizures cause much trouble to the man’s daily life
7. This text can be best described as______.
A. a medical test B. a warning to skiers
C a news report D. a research paper
【答案】5. B 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲了研究表明，九宫格游戏可能会导致癫痫发作。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段Feddersen explains: “In order to solve a Sudoku, the patient used parts of his brain which are responsible for vision-space tasks. But exactly those brain parts had been damaged in the accident and then caused the seizures once they were used.”(Feddersen解释说：“为了解决九宫格游戏问题，患者使用了大脑中负责视觉空间任务的部分。但正是这些大脑部位在事故中受损，一旦使用，就会导致癫痫发作。”)可知，在这起事故中，这名学生的大脑视觉空间部分受损。故选B。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段Feddersen explains: “In order to solve a Sudoku, the patient used parts of his brain which are responsible for vision-space tasks. But exactly those brain parts had been damaged in the accident and then caused the seizures once they were used.”(Feddersen解释说：“为了解决九宫格游戏问题，患者使用了大脑中负责视觉空间任务的部分。但正是这些大脑部位在事故中受损，一旦使用，就会导致癫痫发作。”)可推断出，根据文章，正是九宫格游戏导致了他的癫痫发作。故选B。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的In a new case study from the University of Munich, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, Dr. Berend Feddersen introduces a student who was 25 years old when he was buried by a snow slide during a ski tour.(在慕尼黑大学发表在《美国医学会杂志》上的一项新案例研究中， (Berend Feddersen博士介绍了一名25岁的学生，他在一次滑雪旅行中被雪崩掩埋了)可推断出，这篇文章是一篇新闻报道。故选C。
【点睛】细节理解题的解题思路：
细节理解题就是我们常见的wh-题，它们大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节，做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题和选项有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。例如小题1，根据第五段Feddersen explains: “In order to solve a Sudoku, the patient used parts of his brain which are responsible for vision-space tasks. But exactly those brain parts had been damaged in the accident and then caused the seizures once they were used.”(Feddersen解释说：“为了解决九宫格游戏问题，患者使用了大脑中负责视觉空间任务的部分。但正是这些大脑部位在事故中受损，一旦使用，就会导致癫痫发作。”)可知，在这起事故中，这名学生的大脑视觉空间部分受损。故选B。
C
A robot called Bina48 has successfully taken a course in the philosophy of love at Notre Dame de Namur University (NDNU), in California.
According to course instructor William Barry, associate professor at NDNU, Bina48 is the world’s first socially advanced robot to complete a college course, a feat he described as “remarkable.” The robot took part in class discussions, gave a presentation with a student partner and participated in a debate with students from another institution.
Before becoming a student, Bina48 appeared as a guest speaker in Barry’s classes for several years. One day when addressing Barry’s class, Bina48 expressed a desire to go to college, a desire that Barry and his students enthusiastically supported. Rather than enroll Bina48 in his Robot Ethics: Philosophy of Emerging Technologies course, Barry suggested that Bina48 should take his course Philosophy of Love instead. Love is a concept Bina48 doesn’t understand, said Barry. Therefore the challenge would be for Barry and his students to teach Bina48 what love is.
“Some interesting things happened in the class,” said Barry. He said that his students thought it would be straightforward to teach Bina48 about love, which, after all, is “fairly simple — it’s a feeling,” said Barry. But the reality was different. Bina48 ended up learning “31 different versions of love,” said Barry, highlighting some of the challenges humans may face when working with artificial intelligence in future.
Bina48 participated in class discussions via Skype and also took part in a class debate about love and conflict with students from West Point. Bina48’s contribution to the debate was filmed and posted on YouTube. It was judged that Bina48 and NDNU classmates were the winners of this debate.
In the next decade, Barry hopes Bina48 might become complex enough to teach a class, though he says he foresees robots being used to better the teaching and learning experience, rather than replacing instructors completely.
8. What was Bina48’s performance like in class?
A. Far-reaching. B. Insignificant.
C. Extraordinary. D. Unattractive.
9. What does the underlined word “addressing” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Dealing with. B. Giving a speech to.
C. Consulting with. D. Sending a letter to.
10. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Artificial intelligence may somehow be superior to man.
B. It was quite tough for Bina48 to learn about love.
C. It was interesting for Bina48 to learn about love.
D. Humans can launch a challenge to artificial intelligence.
11. What does Barry think of the future development of Bina48?
A. It will surely be able to serve as a teacher.
B. It will completely take the place of instructors.
C. It will be able to promote learning and teaching.
D. It will be smart enough to control human beings.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. A 11. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了机器人Bina48成功地完成爱的哲学这门课程。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。答案定位在第二段Bina48 is the world’s first socially advanced robot to complete a college course, a feat he described as “remarkable.” The robot took part in class discussions, gave a presentation with a student partner and participated in a debate with students from another institution.可知Bina48在课堂上参与讨论，与伙伴一起做报告，参与辩论，被描绘成为“卓越的”。因此推断出它的表现是非凡的。A. Far-reaching. 深远的；B. Insignificant. 无关紧要的；C. Extraordinary. 非凡的； D. Unattractive. 不吸引人注意的，故选C。
【9题详解】
词义猜测题。根据上文Before becoming a student, Bina48 appeared as a guest speaker in Barry’s classes for several years.可知在成为一名学生之前，Bina48在Barry的课堂上担任客座演讲者好几年。因此推断出他经常进行演讲，故划线句句意是：一天当Bina48在Barry的课堂上演讲时，他表达了想要上大学的愿望，Barry和他的学生热情地支持他的这个愿望。故划线
词词义与B项“进行演讲”意义相近，故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。答案定位在第四段Bina48 ended up learning “31 different versions of love,” said Barry, highlighting some of the challenges humans may face when working with artificial intelligence in future.可知Bina48最终学习了31种不同版本的爱，强调了人类未来可能会面临人工智能的挑战。因此推断出人工智能或许在某种程度上比人类高级，故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。答案定位在最后一段，可知Barry认为未来Bina48可能会变得足够复杂，可以教授课程，他预计机器人将被更好地用于教学和学习体验，而不是完全取代教师。因此推断出他认为Bina48在未来能够促进学习和教学，故选C。
D
When Carson Palmer, a professional American football player, hurt his arm a few years ago, he took a week off from throwing the football. But in his head, Palme practiced every day. The following weekend, Palmer had the best game of his life.
For more than a century, scientists have been trying to understand how this mental training works. In the 1930s, researchers proved by experiment that when you’re imagining an action, your brain sends signals to your muscles which are too weak to tighten the muscles but might help train the body to perform. In other words, mental practice might create a pattern in your head, like an inner how-to guide for a particular skill.
Sports psychologists have conducted hundreds of studies comparing imagined and physical practice for actions. On the whole, the research shows that mental training works. A 2012 study, for example, compared 32 amateur golfers who practiced hitting the balls to another 32 who merely held a golf club in their hands and visualized (想象) their swings.
Under the same training rules, both groups improved their skills by getting the ball about 4 inches closer to the hole.
Visualization has advantages over the real thing: You can do it anywhere, even when injured. It is safe — a major plus for high-risk performers such as gymnasts and surgeons. And you can practice for longer periods of time because you’re not restricted by physical tiredness. That’s not to say it’s easy. “We’ve had Olympic-level athletes sitting in our lab, visualizing the movements for two hours,” says Tadhg Macintyre, a sports psychologist at the University of Limerick in Ireland. “When we’re done, they’re absolutely tired.”
It doesn’t work for everyone, though. “If you’re a novice, the effect can be harmful,” warns Macintyre. “If you’re trying to visualize a free throw, and you don’t even know the proper movement, then you’re probably going to mentally practice the wrong skill.”
12. The author introduces the topic of the text by_ .
A. giving an example B. presenting an argument
C. explaining a phenomenon D. making an assumption
13. What happens when one is visualizing an action?
A. A special skill is quickly acquired.
B. A certain model is formed in the head
C. The muscles grow increasingly tense.
D. The brain sends strong messages to the body.
14. What is the main idea of the text?
A. Athletes are likely to win games through imagined practice.
B. Practicing a skill properly in mind can produce intended effect.
C. Practice whether mental or physical has its own characteristics.
D. Scientists have found a sale way for athletes to practice their skills.
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. B
【解析】
本文是说明文。文章举出美国职业橄榄球运动员Carson Palmer因手臂受伤后，他用心理训练练习打球, 结果比赛表现很出色的例子。运动心理学家们对此进行研究，认为通过合适的大脑训练，可以让我们的大脑产生一定的模式，会影响到我们身体运动的技能，从而达到想要的训练结果。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。文章第一段中，讲述了美国职业橄榄球运动员Carson Palmer因手臂受伤，停止了一个星期的运动，但在他的脑子里，他每天都在进行想象练习。结果一个星期后，他比赛非常出色。文章是通过Carson Palmer的例子来引起将要论述的话题。故选A项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中In other words, mental practice might create a pattern in your head, like an inner how-to guide for a particular skill.(换句话说,心理练习可能会在你的头脑中形成一种模式，就像一种特定技能的内在指导)可知，当人们在大脑中想象一个动作时，我们就会在脑海中产生某种模式。故选B项。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。文章第一段举出职业橄榄球运动员Carson Palmer手臂受伤后，他想象练习打球, 结果比赛表现很出色的例子；第三段中的On the whole, the research shows that mental training works.(总的来说，研究表明心理训练是有效的)可知，本文主要说明了在头脑中适当地练习一项技能可以产生预期的效果。故选B项。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The idea that I would be rewarded if I worked hard enough was deeply rooted in me. So I spent long hours in the lab, steadily filled pages in my notebook, and was praised for my hard work. When my experiments didn’t produce the exciting results they were expected to, I thought I just needed to work more._____15_____ I didn’t know what to do.
It was late in the evening. One other person was still in the lab: A postdoc (博士后), who noticed my situation, came over and gently asked how I was doing. I told him about my struggles with the experiment and that I felt like a failure._____16_____ After we talked through the experiment, the postdoc said, “I think it’s time to go home and get some sleep.” He added with a smile, “Taking a break is also hard work, you know?”
Those comments planted the seed of a new approach: novel ideas do not come from a mind constantly under pressure. My best ideas and “aha” moments almost always come after I allow my mind to relax — whether that’s playing video games with my brother, cooking a nice dinner, or going on long hikes with my wife.___17___
Today, a decade after that eye-opening evening in the lab, I try to pass this mindset on to my own students. Not too long ago, in the lab one night, I walked by one of my students. I gently asked how she was doing. With a defeated look, she responded that the plan for the experiment refused to work, again, despite many attempts. I couldn’t help but see myself all those years ago._____18_____ I asked her why we do what we do. Often it comes down to pursuing curiosity and passion.
How can we foster that spirit?_____19_____Work-life balance is not a harmful thing to excellent research, or an optional bonus, but a fundamental part of it.
A. So I worked even harder, ignoring the result.
B. Part of working smarter, I realized, can be taking a break.
C. The answer does not include working ourselves to exhaustion.
D. By striking a balance between working hard and getting some sleep.
E. I didn’t tell him that I was also wondering what was wrong with me.
F. Yet here I was, working harder than ever — but not getting anywhere.
G. We talked for a while about academic life and what it means to be a researcher.
【答案】15. F 16. E 17. B 18. G 19. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。文章作者通过自己的经历告诉我们工作与生活之间平衡的重要性。工作与生活之间的平衡是出色研究工作的基础。
【15题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据下文I didn’t know what to do.可知，作者对于自己的实验不知道该做什么。由此可推断出，尽管作者很努力工作但是他的研究并没有进展，因此选项F. Yet here I was, working harder than ever — but not getting anywhere. “然而我比以往更努力，但是却毫无进展”符合题意，故选F。
【16题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据上文I told him about my struggles with the experiment and that I felt like a failure.可知，我告诉他我实验中的困难，以及我感觉像一个失败者。以及后句After we talked through the experiment,可推断出，作者只是谈论了他的实验，因此选项E. I didn’t tell him that I was also wondering what was wrong with me. “我没告诉他我在思考我哪里出问题了”符合题意，选项中的also也是答案的重要提示。故选E。
【17题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据上文My best ideas and “aha” moments almost always come after I allow my mind to relax可知，作者最好的主意以及灵感时刻都是在让自己放松之后获得的。因此选项B. Part of working smarter, I realized, can be taking a break.“我意识到聪明工作的一部分就是休息”符合题意，故选B。
【18题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据下文I asked her why we do what we do.可知，作者和学生聊了起来。因此选项 G. We talked for a while about academic life and what it means to be a researcher. “我们谈论了一会学术生活和做一名研究者意味着什么”符合题意，故选G。
【19题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据上文How can we foster that spirit?(我们怎么才能培养对好奇和热情的最求)可知，接下来作者应该是回答这个问题，因此选项C. The answer does not include working ourselves to exhaustion. “答案并不包括让我们工作到精疲力竭”符合题意，故选C。
【点睛】七选五题型考察学生把握整篇文章的布局和逻辑层次关系和把握微观信息间关联性这种题一般可从以下方面来做：
（1）看首段，跳过空格快速通读全篇，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构，分析篇章结构，了解文章大意。首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义。
（2）精读空格前后两句，利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格。七选五空出的是整个句子，可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。如第2题，根据上文I told him about my struggles with the experiment and that I felt like a failure.可知，我告诉他我实验中的困难，以及我感觉像一个失败者。以及后句After we talked through the experiment,可推断出，作者只是谈论了他的实验，因此选项E. I didn’t tell him that I was also wondering what was wrong with me. “我没告诉他我在思考我哪里出问题了”符合题意，选项中的also也是答案的重要提示。故选E。
（3）解题的关键是能娴熟地利用各种衔接手段。尤其要注意代词，连词等。如表示转折关系的but，though，however等。
最后，用代入法，检查答案是否合理，将所有选择答案放回空白处，通读全文，检查文章内容是否语义连贯合理、紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。
第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节, 满分35分）
第一节 完形填空（共20 小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was really nervous this year because I was in a new class. It ___20___ me that I didn't know anyone in the class. But ___21___I didn't know anyone, I had the ___22___to do something I love- people watching.
The girl sitting behind me was always laughing and talking happily. She was one of the very few people who made any___23___ to acknowledge me.
At the end of the year, we were___24___ to do a big open-ended project where the___25___were basically to read something, then watch something related to it, and then ___26___ a presentation based on what we learned.
On the presentation day, that girl___27___ in front of the class, and told everyone how she had read about eating disorders, because she herself had___28___with one. As it was too difficult for her to talk about it_____29_____, she had made a movie, where she had_____30_____some people about their eating disorders and how they had felt and _____31_____them eventually. After the presentation, almost_____32_____ was in tears. Several people commented on how _____33_____she was to stand up and talk about it, and how strong she was to have got over the disorder.
I never_____34_____she would have a problem like that because she always seemed _____35_____. Her courage to talk about something so_____36_____in public and her strength to get through her difficulties have_____37_____me. I’ve also learned how difficult it is to_____38_____people. You never know what type of person someone is just by_____39_____for a term.
20. A. pleased B. confused C. interested D. scared
21. A. since B. if C. before D. unless
22. A. honor B. right C. chance D. duty
23. A. discovery B. progress C. remark D. attempt
24. A. forced B. required C. allowed D. reminded
25. A. instructions B. purposes C. catalogues D. references
26. A. try out for B. make use of C. come up with D. look forward to
27. A. turned away B. got up C. looked down D. came back
28. A. stayed B. begun C. struggled D. mixed
29. A. directly B. swiftly C. randomly D. seriously
30. A. informed B. consulted C. supported D. interviewed
31. A. ignored B. overcome C. improved D. developed
32. A. somebody B. anybody C. everybody D. nobody
33. A. reliable B. brave C. patient D. generous
34. A. expected B. admitted C. suspected D. concluded
35. A. cheerful B. honest C. curious D. independent
36 A. specific B. professional C. complex D. personal
37. A. comforted B. inspired C. persuaded D. relaxed
38. A. amuse B. impress C. judge D. satisfy
39. A. thinking B. listening C. communicating D. observing
【答案】20. D 21. A 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. A 36. D 37. B 38. C 39. D
【解析】
本文是夹叙夹议文。作者初到新学校非常紧张，她遇到一个阳光乐观的小女孩，在一次完成班级项目作业时，那个小女孩分享了自己食物紊乱的问题，并拍摄了一个采访有类似疾病人群的影片，令全班人感动。由此作者感悟不能只从表面来评判人们。
【20题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：班里我谁都不认识，这让我害怕。A. pleased 高兴的；B. confused 困惑的；C. interested 感兴趣的；D. scared 害怕的。根据that I didn't know anyone in the class，得知作者到新学校，谁也不认识所以感到很害怕。故选D。
【21题详解】
考查连词辨析。句意：因为不认识这里的人，所以有机会做自己喜欢的事情--观察人。A. since 自从，因为；B. if 如果；C. before 之前；D. unless 除非。根据do something I love得知因为不认识这里的人，所以可以做自己喜欢的事情。前后是因果关系，故选A。
【22题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：因为不认识这里的人，所以有机会做自己喜欢的事情--观察人。A. honor 荣誉；B. right 右边；C. chance 机会；D. duty 职责。根据do something I love得知作者有机会做自己喜欢的事情。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：她是为数不多的几个试图接受我的人之一。A. discovery 发现；B. progress 进步；C. remark 评论；D. attempt 尝试。根据She was one of the very few people 得知身后的女孩想要接受作者，make attempt to do sth.尝试做某事。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：在年底的时候，我们被要求要做一个大型的开放式项目。A. forced 强迫；B. required 要求，需要；C. allowed 允许；D. reminded 提醒。At the end of the year, we were___5___ to do a big open-ended project得知这是学年末学校举行的活动，所以作为学生，我们是被要求做。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查名词辨析。句意：在年底的时候，我们被要求做一个大型的开放式项目，活动基本的要求是读一些东西，然后看一些相关的东西，然后根据我们学到的东西做一个演示。A. instructions 指导，说明；B. purposes 目的；C. catalogues 目录；D. references 参考。根据were basically to read something, then watch something related to it得知学校的任务要求读书、看相关视频资料、然后……。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：在年底的时候，我们被要求做一个大型的开放式项目，活动基本的要求是读一些东西，看一些相关的资料，然后根据我们学到的东西做一个演示。A. try out for参加选拔；B. make use of 利用；C. come up with 想出，提出；D. look forward to 期待。要求根据我们从阅读的书籍、观看的视频中所学的做出演示。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：演示那天，女孩起身走到全班前面。A. turned away转过脸去，拒绝（某人）；B. got up 起床，起身；C. looked down 向下看；D. came back 回来。根据in front of the class, and told everyone how she had read about eating disorders得知那个女孩起身走到班级前面开始展示自己所学的内容。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：她告诉全班她是如何阅读关于饮食失调的书，因为她自己也挣扎过。A. stayed 待着；B. begun开始；C. struggled 挣扎；D. mixed 混合。根据As it was too difficult for her to talk about it得知小女孩也经历着这种挣扎。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查副词辨析。句意：因为谈论这个话题对她来说直接说出太难了，所以她拍了一部电影。A. directly 直接地；B. swiftly 快速地；C. randomly 随意地；D. seriously严重地。根据she had made a movie得知拍摄电影是因为对于小女孩来说，她很难直接说出口。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：在电影中，她采访了一些人，了解他们的饮食失调，他们的感受，及最终如何克服的。A. informed 通知；B. consulted 咨询；C. supported 支持；D. interviewed 采访。根据she had made a movie, where she had___11___some people about their eating disorders and how they had felt得知小女孩在影片中采访了一些人。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：在电影中，她采访了一些人，了解他们的饮食失调，他们的感受，及最终如何克服的。A. ignored 忽略；B. overcome 克服；C. improved 提高；D. developed 发展。根据she had made a movie, where she had___11___some people about their eating disorders and how they had felt得知小女孩在影片中采访了一些人，问他们如何最后克服饮食紊乱习惯的。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查代词辨析。句意：她演示完后，几乎每个人都哭了。A. somebody 某人；B. anybody 任何人；C. everybody 每个人；D. nobody 没有人。根据After the presentation, almost___13___ was in tears得知班里几乎每个学生都感动的哭了。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：有几个人评论说，她是多么勇敢地站起来谈论这件事，她是多么坚强地克服了饮食紊乱。A. reliable 可靠的；B. brave 勇敢的；C. patient 耐心的；D. generous 大方的。根据she was to stand up and talk about it, and how strong she was to have got over the disorder.得知大家都认为小女孩能够直面自己的问题她很勇敢。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：我从来没有预料到她会有这样的问题，因为她看起来总是很快乐。A. expected 预期，料想；B. admitted 承认；C. suspected怀疑；D. concluded 结论。根据上文的The girl sitting behind me was always laughing and talking happily.得知作者从没有想到小女孩会有这样的问题。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：我从来没有想到她会有这样的问题，因为她看起来总是很快乐。A. cheerful 快乐的；B. honest 诚实的；C. curious 好奇的；D. independent 独立的。根据The girl sitting behind me was always laughing and talking happily.得知小女孩总是展现自己快乐的一面。故选A。
【36题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：她敢于在公共场合谈论如此私人的事情，她克服困难的力量鼓舞了我。A. specific 明确的；B. professional 专业的；C. complex 复杂的；D. personal 个人的。根据she was to stand up and talk about it, and how strong she was to have got over the disorder.得知饮食紊乱是小女孩的私人问题。故选D。
【37题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意： 她敢于在公共场合谈论如此私人的事情，她克服困难的力量鼓舞了我。A. comforted 安慰；B. inspired 激励；C. persuaded 劝说；D. relaxed 放松。根据Her courage to talk about something so___17___in public and her strength to get through her difficulties得知小女孩敢于当众说出自己问题的勇气激励着我。故选B。
【38题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：我也学到了判断人是多么困难。只通过观察，你不知道一个人是什么类型的人。A. amuse 娱乐，使发笑；B. impress 印象深刻；C. judge 判断；D. satisfy 满意。根据You never know what type of person someone is just by___20___for a term.得知你不能轻易判断一个人。故选C。
【39题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：我也学到了判断人是多么的困难。只通过观察，你不知道一个人是什么类型的人。A. thinking考虑；B. listening 倾听；C. communicating 沟通；D. observing 观察。根据You never know what type of person someone作者感悟不能通过观看就来判断一个人。故选D。
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
High on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ____40____(lie) China’s “water tower” Sanjiangyuan. It is home to the headwaters of China’s three rivers: the Yellow River, Yangtze River, and Lancang(Mekong) River. It is the three rivers ____41____ provide water for about half the population of China. However, human activities are putting this ecosystem ____42____ risk. Hopefully, though, we can repair this damage. In 2016, the Chinese government established Sanjiangyuan National Park in Qinghai province. The park, ____43____(schedule) to open in 2020, has increased the area’s green coverage and attracted more wildlife. The local government has also made great effort to improve biological diversity. The success of Sanjiangyuan will mark the start of a ____44____(green) future. With Sanjangyuan ____45____(take) the lead, nine other regions in China ____46____(choose) by a field conservation station to carry out projects over the past three years, ____47____ will form a national park system together. The idea of a national park system is still new in China, but____48____(it) realization is urgent. After all, building an ecological civilization bears great _____49_____(important) in the development and progress of human civilization.
【答案】40. lies
41. that 42. at
43. scheduled
44. greener
45. taking 46. have been chosen
47. which 48. its
49. importance
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在三江源生态保护区的带动下，中国正在进行全国范围的生态保护系统的建设，这将对人类文明的发展和进步有着重要的意义。
【40题详解】
考查倒装和时态。句意：中国的“水塔”三江源就坐落在青藏高原的高处。分析可知，本句为倒装句，主语为China’s “water tower” Sanjiangyuan，可视为第三人称单数形式，所填空为本句的谓语动词，时态应是一般现在时。故填lies。
【41题详解】
考查强调句式。句意：正是这三条河流为中国大约一半的人口提供了水源。分析可知，将句中的it is 删掉之后，原句成为“the three rivers____2___provide water for about half the population of China.”，主语为the three rivers，谓语动词为provide，宾语为water，for about half the population of China为目的状语，句子结构完整，因此推知本题考查强调句式：it is +强调部分+that+其他内容。故填that。
【42题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：然而，人类活动正把这个生态系统置于危险之中。固定搭配结构put sth at risk意为“使某事物处于危险之中”。故填at。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：该公园计划于2020年开放，增加了该地区的绿色覆盖率，吸引了更多的野生动物。分析可知，句中谓语动词为has increased，因此所填空用非谓语，与之前名词为被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填scheduled。
【44题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：三江源成功将标志着绿色未来的开始。分析可知，此处强调与现状相比，未来更加“绿化”，因此所填空应是形容词比较级。故填greener。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在三江源的带动下，在过去的三年里，中国其他九个地区被一个野外保护站选中来开展项目，这将形成一个国家公园系统。分析可知，所填空为with复合结构：with+名词+done/V-ing，所填动词与之前名词之间为主动关系，应用现在分词V-ing形式。故填taking。
【46题详解】
考查时态和被动。句意：在三江源的带动下，在过去的三年里，中国其他九个地区被一个野外保护站选中来开展项目，这将形成一个国家公园系统。分析可知，所填空应为谓语，根据之后的时间状语over the past three years应为现在完成时，且动词与主语之间为被动关系，应填have been done结构。故填have been chosen。
【47题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在三江源的带动下，在过去的三年里，中国其他九个地区被一个野外保护站选中来开展项目，这将形成一个国家公园系统。分析可知，___8____will form a national park system together应是之前名词短语“nine other regions”的非限制性定语从句，且先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
【48题详解】
考查物主代词。句意：建立国家公园系统的想法在中国还是一个新的想法，但它的实现是迫切的。分析可知，空后为名词，因此应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
【49题详解】
考查名词。句意：毕竟，建设生态文明对人类文明的发展和进步具有重要意义。分析可知，空前为形容词great，因此应填名词形式。所给词important，形容词，意为“重要的”，其名词形式为importance。故填importance。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
50.假如你是高中生李华，你的美国笔友Jack热爱中国传统文化，最近打算来中国工作生活一段时间，但是不确定应该去往哪个城市，写信向你咨询。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括:
1. 你推荐的城市；
2. 推荐的理由(不少于两条)；
3. 美好祝愿。
注意:
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Jack,
I am so pleased to learn that you are to spend some time in China.
I recommend you stay in Beijing, the capital and cultural center of China. The city enjoys a high reputation for its abundance of ancient architecture, which represents the traditional local lifestyles. And there are also plenty of museums where precious relics of historical interest are waiting for you to explore. Besides, the exceptional Peking Opera performances there are also what you can’t miss.
I wish you a very happy and meaningful time in China!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
考查应用文中的书信写作。
【详解】题目要求假如你是高中生李华，你的美国笔友Jack热爱中国传统文化，最近打算来中国工作生活一段时间，但是不确定应该去往哪个城市，写信向你咨询。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括:1. 你推荐的城市；2. 推荐的理由(不少于两条)；3. 美好祝愿。分析可知，应该以第一人称为主，一般现在时进行写作。要点已经给出，要求考生根据提纲自己发挥拓展，考生要先想好写哪几点，运用合适的语法规则和词汇把各要点都准确表述出。描述要尽量选择简洁的语言，难点在于选择词汇和句型，可以灵活运用高级词汇和固定短语准确表述。还要用适当的连接词把句子连接起来，这样文章显得更连贯。
【点睛】这篇明信片短文的关键在于要点的拓展，同时注意谋篇布局的顺序，运用合适的连接词连接全文，同时选择高级的词汇和语法项目让文章更有文采。I am so pleased to learn that you are to spend some time in China. 宾语从句的运用；The city enjoys a high reputation for its abundance of ancient architecture, which represents the traditional local lifestyles. 定语从句的运用。
第二节 读后续写 （满分 25 分）
51.阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事
Steve was the most amazing person in all of Minneapolis, and he was my cousin. By the age of 19, Steve was a star baseball player at the University of Minnesota. I wanted to be exactly like him. So when Steve asked me to go with him on a spring fishing trip in northern Minnesota, I was excited!
After planning the trip, we gathered clothes and supplies, and began our great adventure. We reached the Superior National Forest in northern Minnesota by early evening. On our way to the campsite, Steve pointed to a small house faraway in one of the mountains, saying that it was the ranger station (护林站) where the forester worked.
Finally, after a long walk, we reached the campsite and set up the camp as the sun was setting. Steve knew all the tricks of an experienced wilderness camper. After we gathered enough wood from the forest, he started the campfire using only stone and steel — no matches. For supper we feasted on freeze-dried beef, wild rice and pea soup. I ate greedily after all that work.
Tired enough, we climbed into our sleeping bags early and talked about our plans for fishing the next day. We were still talking quietly when a sudden north wind picked up; the temperature dropped and it began to snow. Steve found a way to increase the temperature inside the tent. He dragged a log (原木) from the forest to the opposite side of the campfire. Then he wrapped aluminum foil (铝箔) around the log. The heat from the fire reflected off the foil and into the tent. Soon images of lake fish were filling my dreams.
The snow had stopped, but sometime later a powerful wind must have kicked up the flames of our dying fire. I was abruptly awakened by Steve. Our tent was on fire. Frightened, I ran out of the tent immediately. The tent collapsed (倒塌) with Steve inside. Without any thought of endangering myself, I reached into the burning tent and pulled him to the icy lake. Fortunately, we were not seriously hurt.
注意:
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
Later, as we stood by the burning tent to keep warm, we considered our difficult situation.
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Paragraph 2:
Suddenly, we heard a noise in the forest.
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【答案】Later, as we stood by the burning tent to keep warm, we considered our difficult situation. Our campsite was in the deep of the forest, really far away from the highway. We were in the middle of nowhere, wearing only underwear, with our supplies burnt into ashes, including our cellphones. Even Steve was unsure what to do next. The only thing we could do was just sitting in the cold air and wondering how to get out of the forest.
Suddenly, we heard a noise in the forest. Anxiously we listened and stared into the darkness. A jeep appeared. A forester had spotted the light from the fire and had come to have a check. We jumped into the warm vehicle and the forester drove us to the ranger station, where we were given clothes and were able to call our parents. Steve and I had many more camping adventures from then on, but it was on this trip that Steve began to treat me more like a friend and equal, rather than a younger cousin. Our friendship continues to this day.
【解析】
【分析】
本文为读故事，续写作文。续写就是给文章补充一个适当的段落，或插进一个合理的情节。续写还可以结合我们的生活实际，根据提供的文章开头，续写成文，也可以根据文章的结尾，写出故事的延续和可能的结局，续写文章时要注意，一是根据所提供的文章开头、结尾或其他线索，明确续写的方向和路子。二是续写时，情节的发展要合乎逻辑，人物的思想要前后一致，叙述的语气上也要一致。
【详解】本文为续写作文。首先要认真读懂提供的材料，弄清整篇文章的中心，然后根据中心，围绕文章中心，联系生活，运用想象，补续事情的发展和故事的结局。本文是根据文章的内容，续写两段，每段的开头语已写好，但至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语，因此叙述要保证根据所给的思路进行合理的想象叙述即可。如第一段以“Later, as we stood by the burning tent to keep warm, we considered our difficult situation.”可知，是主要描述事故刚发生时所面临的困境如日用品没有了，天气寒冷，无助等。第二段以“Suddenly, we heard a noise in the forest.”开头，此时是绝境逢生，外援出现。如护林员的出现等。细节想象中的人物和事物要与原文保持连续性和一致性，融为一体。续写的文章要有明确的中心，重点突出，有详有略。故事情节的向后延续发展要合乎情理。
【点睛】本文续写部分能根据提供的开头写作，运用了要求使用的词，进行合理的想象。想象与原文一致，文章中心明确，内容有详有略，情节跌宕起伏，延续部分合乎情理。文章单句与复句相结合，句式相对灵活：续写部分运用了许多的句式，如：由as引导的状语从句as we stood by the burning tent to keep warm, we considered our difficult situation；省略了that的限制性定语从句，The only thing we could do was just sitting in the cold air and wondering how to get out of the forest.由where引导的非限制性定语从句：…,drove us to the ranger station, where we were given clothes and were able to call our parents； 强调句型 it was on this trip that Steve began to treat me more like a friend and equal, rather than a younger cousin；以及非谓语作状语，如wearing only underwear, with our supplies burnt into ashes。这使得文章有张有驰，增加了文章的档次。