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北京市首都师范大学附属中学2020届高三联考英语试题
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2019-2020学年第二学期首师大附中北京学校联考试题
高三英语
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
My classmates and I had a really unforgettable experience，which made us very happy. We paid a visit ___1___ Lucy’s house yesterday. We didn’t have difficulty finding her house because she ___2___ (give) us clear directions. When we arrived at her house, her mother was preparing food for us. Then we began to help with the cooking. About an hour later, the food was ready, and we sat at the table enjoying the delicious food including fish and ___3___ (vegetable). Finally we went to Ann’s room where we watched our favourite TV programme together. ___4___ (decorate) with flowers and balloons, the room was warm and comfortable.
【答案】1. to 2. had given
3. vegetables
4. Decorated
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了作者和同班同学昨天到露西家做客的愉快经历。
【1题详解】
考查介词。表示“参观……”，应用pay a visit to sp.，是固定表达。故该空填介词to。
【2题详解】
考查时态。句意：因为她已经给了我们清楚的说明，所以，我们毫无困难的找到了她的家。根据语境，“她给我们说明”发生在“我们找到她的家”之前，即过去的过去，故该句应用过去完成时态，填had given。
【3题详解】
考查名词。vegetable是可数名词，空前无冠词，故应用名词复数形式。故填vegetables。
【4题详解】
考查非谓语动词。逗号之前是状语，主语the room和decorate之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作状语，故填Decorated。
B
The beautiful canola (油菜) flowers in spring attracted a large number of visitors to Hanzhong, a city in the south of western Shaanxi province. The city’s 9th annual canola flower festival ___5___ (start) on March 13 and ended on May 1, 2018. There were more than 600 square kilometers of canola fields in Hanzhong, ___6___ created unique scenery. About 50 observation spots ___7___ (design) for the tourists throughout the city.
【答案】5. started
6. which 7. were designed
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了2018年杭州第九届油菜花节的相关情况。
【5题详解】
考查时态。根据时间状语“on May 1, 2018”可知，该句叙述的是发生在过去的情况，应用一般过去时态，故填started。
【6题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：汉中有600多平方公里的油菜花，创造了独特的风景。逗号后是非限制性定语从句，修饰more than 600 square kilometers of canola fields，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which引导该从句，故填which。
【7题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：为全市游客设计了大约50个观光点。根据上文，该句叙述的是2018年的情况，该应用一般过去时态。主语about 50 observation spots和design之间是被动关系，该句应用被动语态，主语为名词复数形式，根据主谓一致原则，该空应填were designed。
C
25 people were killed and 50 injured on Wednesday in a train accident in Cairo, which surprised local people. According to the BBC, Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouli visited the scene and he said ___8___ cause was not yet known, but Egypt's police were conducting an investigation (进行调查) ___9___ (find) the reason of the accident. Egypt had one of the ___10___ (old) and largest rail networks, and crashes and other accidents were common.
【答案】8. the 9. to find
10. oldest
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了周三发生在开罗的火车事故的相关情况。
【8题详解】
考查冠词。___1___ cause是主语，且该处特指周三开罗火车事故的原因，表特指，应用冠词the。
【9题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：埃及警方正在进行一项调查，以查明事故原因。“___2___ (find) the reason of the accident”是目的状语，表目的，应用动词不定式，故填to find。
【10题详解】
考查形容词最高级。该空修饰rail networks，和largest并列，形式应该一致，故填old的最高级oldest。
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项
My son Tom taught me a beautiful lesson today. He is three years old and it is amazing hatching him grow up.
He called out to me today saying, “Papa, sit”. That usually means ___11___ everything and going next to him and sitting down to play with him. I did that, as he can be ___12___ and will not stop calling out until I ___13___. He was playing with beads (珠子), pushing a string through them, which is a great exercise to help ___14___ fine motor skills. Then, after he finished playing with the beads, it was time to put them back in the box that they are stored in. I saw him ___15___ pick up each bead, look at it ___16___ it were made of chocolate and then placed it into its box.
With over a hundred beads to go, I was getting ___17___. “What a long time it will take! Why cannot he ___18___ ten beads in one go and drop them in?” said my anxious mind. I noticed that he did this with as much___19___ as he had while we were playing. I didn’t see any ____20____ between his play and his putting away the toy. Obviously he enjoyed both.
Then it suddenly ____21____ me that this boy was enjoying the whole ____22____. The journey was his goal. For him the ____23____ was in the game and after the game, not just in the fun part. What a great perspective: to live each moment as it is the ____24____ moment; to do each task as it is the most awesome task. Nothing else ____25____.
Looking at how ____26____ my son was putting beads into the box ____27____ me that the process was the goal. The joy of pilgrimage (朝圣) is not in getting there but in every ____28____ of the journey.
This is what living in the NOW is all ____29____. Tom, my son, was showing me that it was about thoroughly enjoying every moment with ____30____ love and peace.
11. A. wasting B. leaving C. taking D. preparing
12. A. stubborn B. innocent C. helpful D. humorous
13. A. fell down B. turned round C. burst out D. gave in
14. A. highlight B. develop C. illustrate D. identify
15. A. gratefully B. eagerly C. carefully D. quickly
16. A. as if B. even though C. in case D. in that
17. A. fascinated B. satisfied C. impatient D. energetic
18. A. package B. grab C. deliver D. replace
19. A. confidence B. strength C. inspiration D. involvement
20. A. sense B. difference C. need D. value
21. A. excited B. helped C. struck D. encouraged
22. A. process B. morning C. experiment D. design
23. A. victory B. challenge C. difficulty D. pleasure
24. A. urgent B. decisive C. perfect D. dangerous
25. A. matters B. happens C. disappears D. works
26. A. successfully B. peacefully C. responsibly D. systematically
27. A. guaranteed B. warned C. promised D. taught
28. A. plan B. destination C. step D. detail
29. A. for B. with C. about D. from
30. A. complete B. available C. additional D. precious
【答案】11. B 12. A 13. D 14. B 15. C 16. A 17. C 18. B 19. D 20. B 21. C 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. C 30. A
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者发现儿子在玩珠子和收珠子的时候，都是非常专注的在做，享受每个过程，这让作者感悟到活在当下的所有的含义是：要用全部的爱和宁静享受每个时刻。
【11题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这通常意味着放下一切，走到他身边，坐下来和他一起玩。A. wasting浪费；B. leaving离开，丢弃；C. taking拿；D. preparing准备。根据下文sitting down to play with him.可知，儿子叫作者的时候，作者要放下一切和他一起玩。故选B。
【12题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我那样做了，因为他可能会很固执，直到我让步才会停止叫喊。A. stubborn固执的；B. innocent无辜的，天真的；C. helpful乐于助人的；D. humorous幽默的。根据下文will not stop calling out until I ___3___ .可知，儿子是很固执的。故选A。
【13题详解】
考查动词短语辨析，句意：我那样做了，因为他可能会很固执，直到我让步才会停止叫喊。A. fell down倒下；B. turned round转身；C. burst out 爆发；D. gave in让步。根据语境可知，直到作者让步了，儿子才会停止叫喊。故选D。
【14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在玩珠子，把一根线穿过珠子，这是一种帮助培养精细运动技能的很好的锻炼。A. highlight 强调；B. develop发展，培养；C. illustrate阐述；D. identify识别。根据常识可知，这是一种帮助培养精细运动技能的很好的锻炼。故选B。
15题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我看见他小心翼翼地把每颗珠子都拿起来，看着它，就好像它是巧克力做的，然后把它放进盒子里。A. gratefully感激地；B. eagerly渴望地；C. carefully仔细地；D. quickly快地。根据下文What a long time it will take!可知，作者看见儿子仔细的捡起每个珠子。故选C。
【16题详解】
考查连接词辨析。句意：我看见他小心翼翼地把每颗珠子都拿起来，看着它，就好像它是巧克力做的，然后把它放进盒子里。A. as if好像；B. even though即使；C. in case以防；D. in that既然。根据语境可知，他看着珠子好像它们是用巧克力做的。故选A。
【17题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：还有一百多颗珠子要捡，我开始不耐烦了。A. fascinated迷人的；B. satisfied满意的；C. impatient不耐烦的；D. energetic精力充沛的。根据下文What a long time it will take!可知，作者感到不耐烦了。故选C。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为什么他不能一次抓十颗珠子扔进去呢？A. package包裹；B. grab抓；C. deliver投递；D. replace代替。根据语境可知，此处指抓珠子。故选B。
【19题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我发现他做这个事情的时候和他玩得时候一样的投入。A. confidence自信；B. strength力量；C. inspiration激励，灵感；D. involvement牵连，参与，加入。根据语境可知，此处指儿子做这个事情时，非常投入。故选D。
【20题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我看不出他玩玩具和他把玩具收起来有什么不同。A. sense感觉；B. difference不同；C. need需要；D. value价值。根据下文Obviously he enjoyed both.可知，作者没有看出他玩玩具和收好玩具的不同。故选B。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我突然想起这个男孩在享受这个过程。A. excited兴奋的；B. helped帮助；C. struck敲打，想起；D. encouraged鼓励。固定句型：it suddenly strike sb. that“某人突然想起……”。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我突然想起这个男孩在享受这个过程。A. process过程；B. morning早晨；C. experiment实验；D. design设计。根据下文The journey was his goal.可知，此处指儿子享受这个过程。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对他来说，快乐是在游戏里面和游戏之后，而不仅仅是在有趣的部分。A. victory胜利；B. challenge 挑战；C. difficulty困难；D. pleasure快乐。根据上文Then it suddenly ___11___ me that this boy was enjoying the whole ___12___.可知，对儿子来说，快乐是在游戏里面和游戏之后。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多么伟大的观点：把每一刻都当作完美时刻来生活；把每一项任务都当成最了不起的任务来做。A. urgent紧急的；B. decisive决定性的，决断的；C. perfect完美的；D. dangerous危险。根据下文to do each task as it is the most awesome task.可知，每分钟都当成最完美的时候去过。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：其他的都不要紧。A. matters有关系，要紧；B. happens发生；C. disappears消失；D. works工作。做每个任务都当成是最好的，其他的都不要紧。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：看见儿子多么平静地将珠子放进盒子里面，教会我过程就是目标。A. successfully成功地；B. peacefully平静地；C. responsibly负责任D. systematically系统地。根据下文Tom, my son, was showing me that it was about thoroughly enjoying every moment with ___20___ love and peace.可知，儿子平静地将珠子放进盒子里面。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：看见儿子多么平静地将珠子放进盒子里面，教会我过程就是目标。A. guaranteed保证；B. warned警告；C. promised 答应；D. taught教。儿子平静地将珠子放进盒子里面，教会作者过程就是目标。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：朝圣的快乐不在到达那里而是旅途中的步骤。A. plan计划；B. destination目的地；C. step步骤；D. detail细节。根据语境可知，此处指旅途中的步骤。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：这就是关于活在当下的所有的含义。A. for为了；B. with和……一起；C. about关于；D. from从。根据语境可知，此处指关于活在当下。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的儿子汤姆告诉我，这是一种彻底享受每时每刻的爱与安宁的生活。A. complete完整的；B. available可获得的，可利用的；C. additional额外的；D. precious宝贵的。根据语境可知，儿子教会作者要用完整的爱和宁静享受每个时刻。故选A。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
When you’re having a hard time with your homework or when you’re preparing for your term paper, these student-focused websites can help you with just about anything you need. The key to getting the most out of these online resources is to know how they can best be used to your advantage.
Facebook
Although Facebook can be one of your biggest time-wasters and distractions when you are supposed to be getting work done, it can also be one of your most valuable resources. Most of your classmates will probably have a Facebook account, so anyone you need to connect with about a class you missed or about a problem is usually just a few clicks away.
SparkNotes
With a free library of history timeline, philosophy study guides and library summaries, SparkNotes has covered just about any reading-related jam you find yourself in. Just run a search for the book, play, or short summary of the material you are supposed to read.
Amazon.com
Do you finish every term with many expensive textbooks you will never open again? Instead of letting the money spent go to waste, get back some of your cash by selling your books on Amazon.
RateMyProfessors.com
Choosing new classes can sometimes be like trying to pick out your clothes in the dark, a total guessing game. Which teacher gives out the hardest problem sets? How much homework will that history professor give you every week? At RateMyProfessors.com, students all over the country rate their professors on quality, helpfulness, and how hard their classes are.
Wikipedia
While Wikipedia isn’t aimed specifically at students, it is difficult to think of another website that does more to reduce the pain of paper writing and researching. Wikipedia gives you a quick way to find sources and get the details of almost any topic you need to research — all without walking to the library.
31. The passage was mainly written to ________.
A. explain some websites for parents
B. compare some educational websites
C. offer some websites that may help students
D. introduce different parts of a website
32. While you are taking great pains to write a research report, ________ can most probably be a help.
A. Facebook B. Wikipedia C. Amazon.com D. SparkNotes
33. RateMyPorfessors.com is a place ________.
A. where you can make friends all over the country
B. that gives you information about professors in advance
C. where you can communicate with your professors
D. that gives tips on how to get along with your professors
34. Which of the following will you most probably refer to, if you need brief ideas for class discussion in reading?
A. Wikipedia. B. Facebook. C. SparkNotes. D. Amazon.com.
【答案】31. C 32. B 33. B 34. C
【解析】
文章介绍了有助于学生完成作业及论文的5个网站。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句these student-focused websites can help you with just about anything you need.可知，文章主要介绍一些帮助学生的网站。故选C。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句话While Wikipedia isn’t aimed specifically at students, it is difficult to think of another website that does more to reduce the pain of paper writing and researching.可知，Wikipedia可以帮助缓解学生写报告的痛苦。故选B。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段的内容尤其是这一段最后一句话At RateMyProfessors.com, students all over the country rate their professors on quality, helpfulness, and how hard their classes are.可知，这个网站可以提供有关教授的信息。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话With a free library of history timeline, philosophy study guides and library summaries, SparkNotes has covered just about any reading-related jam you find yourself in.可知，SparkNotes网站涵盖了所有与阅读有关的材料。
B
Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone, not in features but in footsteps. As he grows you also age, and your ambitions become more unachievable. You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably accomplish what you hoped for. But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different directions.
My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten. Science projects waited until the last moment. Book reports weren’t written until the final threat.
I’ve been a newspaperman all my adult life. My daughter is a university graduate working towards her master’s degree in English. But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech” student (技校学生). They’re called “motorheads” by the rest of the student body.
When a secretary in my office first called him “motorhead”, I was shocked. “Hey, he’s a good kid, ” I wanted to say. “And smart, really.”
I learned later that motorheads are, indeed, different. They usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes. And they don’t often make school honor rolls (光荣榜).
But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education. We who labor in clean shirts in offices don’t have the abilities that motorheads have. I began to learn this when I had my car crashed. The cost to repair it was estimated at $800. “Hey, I can fix it,” said Jody. I doubted it, but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose.
My son, with other motorheads, fixed the car. They got parts from a junkyard, and ability from vo-tech classes. The cost was $25 instead of $800.
Since that first repair job, a broken air-conditioner, a non-functioning washer and a non-toasting toaster have been fixed. Neighbours and co-workers trust their car repairs to him.
These kids are happiest when doing repairs. They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world. And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes.
I have learned a lot from my motorhead: publishers need printers, engineers need mechanics, and architects need builders. Most important, I have learned that fathers don’t need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.
My son may never make the school honor roll. But he made mine.
35. What used to be the author’s hope for his son?
A. To avoid becoming his clone. B. To resemble him in appearance.
C. To develop in a different direction. D. To reach the author’s unachieved goals.
36. What can we learn about the author’s children?
A. His daughter docs better in school.
B. His daughter has got a master’s degree.
C. His son tried hard to finish homework.
D. His son couldn’t write his book reports.
37. The author let his son repair the car because he believed that .
A. his son had the ability to fix it B. it would save him much time
C. it wouldn’t cause him any more loss D. other motorheads would come to help
38. What did the author realize in the end?
A. It is unwise to expect your child to follow your path.
B. It is important for one to make the honor roll.
C. Architects play a more important role than builders.
D. Motorheads have greater ability than office workers.
【答案】35. D 36. A 37. C 38. A
【解析】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲的是父亲都希望自己的孩子跟随着自己的脚步前进，实现自己没实现的愿望。作者通过分享自己的故事告诉父亲们：每个人都有自己的价值，有自己的人生方向。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段的As he grows you also age, and your ambitions become more unachievable. You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably accomplish what you hoped for.(随着他的成长，你也变老了，你的雄心壮志也变得遥不可及。你开始意识到，你的儿子，跟随你的足迹，可能会完成你希望的)可知，作者过去常期望自己的儿子能够实现作者自己未完成的目标，故选D。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master's degree in English. But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech” student (技校学生).(我的女儿是一名大学毕业生，正在攻读英语硕士学位。但是Jody呢？当他进入十年级时，他成了一名技校学生)可知，作者的女儿学业比儿子更好。故选A。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段最后一句I doubted it, but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose.(我怀疑，但还是让他去吧，因为我没有什么损失)可知，作者让他的儿子修理汽车，因为他相信这不会给他带来更多的损失。故选C。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的句子Most important, I have learned that fathers don’t need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.(最重要的是，我明白了父亲不需要克隆人的足迹或其他任何地方)可知，作者最后意识到期望孩子走自己的道路这是不明智的。故选A。
C
Young sunflowers turn and swing every day. New findings add to evidence that the plants are animal-like.
Harmer, a professor in the University of California at Davis, Department of Plant Biology, carried out a series of experiments on sunflowers in the field, in pots outdoors and in indoor growth chambers.
By staking plants so that they could not move, Harmer showed that he could destroy their ability to track the sun. He also noticed that sunflowers prevented from moving were not as tough and leafy as those that were free to move. When plants were moved indoor with a settled overhead light, they continued to swing back and forth for a few days.
The indoor plants did start tracking the “sun” again when the apparent source of lighting was moved across the room. The plants could reliably track the movement and return at night when the artificial day was close to a 24-hour cycle, but not when it was closer to 30 hours.
When sunflowers track the sun, the east sides of their stems grew more rapidly than the west sides. At night, the west sides grew faster as the stem swung the other way. The team identified a number of genes that were expressed at higher levels on the sunward side of the plant during the day or on the other side at night. A plant growth-regulating hormone (激素), called auxin, appears to be a key driver.
The “dance” to the sun cycle obviously slows when the sunflower matures (成熟) and its flowers open up. At that point, the plants stop moving during the day and settle down facing the sun in the east.
“Bees like warm flowers.” Harmer said, adding that the bees are cold-blooded, so landing on a warm flower saves them energy and perhaps feels really good.
“The morning warmth changes the flowers in a way to make them more appealing to insects, perhaps causing them to release more attractive scents earlier in the day.” he said “We’re currently testing this idea.”
39. Why did Harmer do the experiment on sunflowers?
A. To see how sunflowers grow up.
B. To show what sunflowers’ genes are.
C. To study why sunflowers track the sun.
D. To check if sunflowers swing in cloudy days.
40. What does the underlined word “staking” probably mean in Paragraph 3?
A. Tracking. B. Fining.
C. Growing. D. Searching.
41 What is the result of sunflowers being stopped from moving?
A. They will produce a number of new genes.
B. They will grow faster than usual.
C. They won’t swing back though set free.
D. They won’t grow well.
42. What is the advantage of sunflowers’ dance to the sun?
A. They attract more insects. B. They save more energy.
C. They mature more rapidly. D. They produce more flowers.
【答案】39. C 40. B 41. D 42. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。年轻的向日葵每天都在旋转和摇摆。新的发现进一步证明这些植物与动物相似。本文介绍向日葵随着太阳转动的原因。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段When sunflowers track the sun, the east sides of their stems grew more rapidly than the west sides. At night, the west sides grew faster as the stem swung the other way. The team identified a number of genes that were expressed at higher levels on the sunward side of the plant during the day or on the other side at night. A plant growth-regulating hormone (激素), called auxin, appears to be a key driver.(当向日葵沿着太阳生长时，其茎的东侧比西侧生长得更快。到了晚上，随着茎杆向另一边摆动，西边长得更快了。研究小组发现了一些基因，这些基因白天在植物向阳的一侧表达水平较高，而晚上则在植物的另一侧表达水平较高。植物生长调节激素，生长素，似乎是一个关键的驱动因素)可知，Harmer用向日葵做实验的目的是研究向日葵为什么会追踪太阳。故选C。
40题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句By staking plants so that they could not move, Harmer showed that he could destroy their ability to track the sun.(通过staking植物，目的是它们不能移动，Harmer认为他可以摧毁他们的太阳跟踪的能力)可推知，Harmer把植物固定住了，由此可知，划线词意为“固定，捆绑”。故选B。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第二句He also noticed that sunflowers prevented from moving were not as tough and leafy as those that were free to move.(他还注意到，被阻止移动的向日葵不像那些可以自由移动的向日葵那样坚硬和多叶)可知，向日葵被阻止移动后不能很好地生长。故选D。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的The morning warmth changes the flowers in a way to make them more appealing to insects, perhaps causing them to release more attractive scents earlier in the day.(早晨的温暖在某种程度上改变了花朵，使它们对昆虫更有吸引力，可能导致它们在一天的早些时候释放出更有吸引力的气味)可知，向日葵迎着太阳跳舞的好处是它们能吸引更多的昆虫。故选A。
【名师点睛】做推理判断题时，切不可脱离语境想当然。在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表示的关系推断生词词义。特别注意划线部分前后的内容。本题第2小题，根据第三段第一句By staking plants so that they could not move, Harmer showed that he could destroy their ability to track the sun. 通过staking 植物，目的是它们不能移动，Harmer认为他可以摧毁他们的太阳跟踪的能力。由此可知，是把植物固定住，故选B。
D
A new international study shows that some peopled biological clock plays a powerful role for their life expectancy, regardless of lifestyle choices.
Published in the latest issue of Aging on Wednesday, the study has found the most definitive evidence to explain why some people keep healthy lifestyle but die younger than others.
Geneticist Steve Horvath from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), led a team of 65 scientists around the world to record age-related changes to human DNA, analyse blood samples collected from 13,000 people and estimate their lifespan.
A higher biological age, regardless of actual age, consistently predicts an earlier death, the study says.
“You get people who are vegan, sleep 10 hours a day, have a low-stress job, and still end up dying young,” Horvath said in a statement. “We have shown some people have a faster innate aging rate.”
The findings discovered that 5 percent of the population ages at a faster biological rate, which translated to a roughly 50 percent higher than average risk of death at any age.
“The great hope is that we find anti-aging interventions that would slow your innate aging rate,” Horvath said, adding that “this is an important milestone to realizing this dream.
43 How was the study conducted?
A. By collecting and analyzing data
B. By interviewing lots of people
C. By researching previous studies
D. By studying different lifestyles
44. Some people keep healthy lifestyle but die younger than others because .
A. the biological clock is not powerful enough
B. the most definitive evidence has been found
C. they have a higher actual age than others
D. they ages at a relatively faster biological rate
45. According to the study, it can be inferred that .
A people who keep healthy lifestyle tend to live longer
B. people’s lifespan can be predicted by their age
C. anti-aging interventions have proved to slow the innate aging rate
D. 5 percent of people are believed to have a faster innate aging rate
【答案】43. A 44. D 45. D
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。一项新的国际研究表明，不管人们选择什么样的生活方式，有些人的生物钟对他们的预期寿命起着重要作用。文章主要介绍了这项研究发现。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段 Geneticist Steve Horvath from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), led a team of 65 scientists around the world to record age-related changes to human DNA, analyse blood samples collected from 13,000 people and estimate their lifespan.可知，来自加州大学洛杉矶分校的遗传学家史蒂夫·霍瓦特领导了一个由来自世界各地的65名科学家组成的团队，记录了与年龄有关的人类DNA变化，分析了从1.3万人身上采集的血液样本，并估算了他们的寿命。由此可知，这项研究是通过收集和分析数据进行的。故选A。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段A higher biological age, regardless of actual age, consistently predicts an earlier death, the study says.(研究称，无论实际年龄如何，较高的生理年龄始终预示着较早的死亡)及倒数第三段中的We have shown some people have a faster innate aging rate.可知，我们已经证明，有些人的先天衰老速度更快。由此可知，有些人保持健康的生活方式，但比其他人死得早，因为他们的衰老速度相对较快。故选D。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的The findings discovered that 5 percent of the population ages at a faster biological rate可知，5%的人有更快的老化速率，由此可知，C项正确。根据第二段中的why some people keep healthy lifestyle but die younger than others 可知，人们就算保持健康的生活方式也有可能英年早逝，由此可知，A项错误。根据第四段中的A higher biological age, regardless of actual age, consistently predicts an earlier death 可知，预测人的寿命并不能通过实际年龄，由此可知，B项错误。根据最后一段中的The great hope is that we find anti-aging interventions that would slow your innate aging rate 可知，抗衰老的干预措施只是有可能减缓先天衰老速率，还没有被证实一定会，由此可知，D项错误。故选C。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
You should make thorough plans before you undertake a camping trip. Just follow these simple camping guidelines to make your trip safe and rewarding.
Selecting an appropriate tent
___46___. When determining the size of your tent, you should take into account the number of campers as well as the camping equipment necessary for your trip. There should be enough room in the tent for the camping equipment.___47___.
Importance of food
While camping, you will need enough food to give you enough energy for your outdoor work.___48___.You should use a two burner stove to do all your cooking. Insist on simplicity in cooking and use vegetables and ready-made food during your trip to minimize cooking time.
Adequate sleep
___49___. Nights are generally cooler than the days so you need to have enough warm clothes to feel comfortable enough to sleep during the night. When buying a sleeping bag, check that you feel comfortable in it. Extra air mattresses (气垫) may be included in your camping equipment to make your bed more comfortable.
___50___. Bear these camping guidelines in mind and make sure you are fully prepared to enjoy your camping trip.
A. All campers should have adequate sleep during the night
B. Thus you must have an efficient arrangement for food preparation
C. The best camping trips are had by those people who prepare the best
D. Take healthy and nourishing food with you to meet energy demands during your trip
E. The comfort level in a tent determines the success of a camping trip
F. The size is the most important thing you should carefully consider when choosing a tent
G. It will destroy the mood of the entire camping trip if you don’t have a good sleeping bag
【答案】46. F 47. E 48. B 49. A 50. C
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述进行露营旅行的注意事项，凡事都是为有充足准备的人提供的，才能充分的享受旅行的快乐。
【46题详解】
考查段落大意及句意理解。根据下文提到的When determining the size of your tent, you should take into account the number of campers as well as the camping equipment necessary for your trip.( 当决定你的帐篷的大小时，你应该考虑到露营者的数量以及你旅行所需要的露营设备)可知，F. The size is the most important thing you should carefully consider when choosing a tent(在选择帐篷时，最重要的是考虑帐篷的大小)符合语境。故选F。
【47题详解】
考查句意理解。根据上文提到的There should be enough room in the tent for the camping equipment.(帐篷里应该有足够的空间放露营设备)可知，E. The comfort level in a tent determines the success of a camping trip(帐篷里的舒适程度决定了露营旅行的成败)符合语境。故选E。
【48题详解】
考查句意理解。根据下文提到的You should use a two burner stove to do all your cooking.(你应该用有两个灶的炉子来做饭)可知，B. Thus you must have an efficient arrangement for food preparation(因此，你必须有一个高效的食物准备安排)符合语境。故选B。
【49题详解】
考查段落大意及句意理解。根据小段主旨Adequate sleep(充足睡眠)可知，A. All campers should have adequate sleep during the night(在晚上所有的成员必须有充足的睡眠)符合语境，其中adequate sleep对应小段主旨。故选A。
【50题详解】
考查段落大意及句意理解。根据下文提到的Bear these camping guidelines in mind and make sure you are fully prepared to enjoy your camping trip.(记住这些露营指南，确保你准备好享受你的露营之旅)可知，C. The best camping trips are had by those people who prepare the best(好的露营旅行是为做好充足准备的人提供的)符合语境，其中camping trip是关键词组。故选C。
第三部分 书面表达（共35分）
第一节（15分）
51.假定你是李华，正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包括：
（1）时间和地点；
（2）内容：学习唐诗；
（3）课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【答案】Dear Leslie,
I am very happy that you have made great progress in learning Chinese and you are interested in Chinese culture. Now I'll tell you the next learning programme. On July 20, we are going to learn poems of the Tang Dynasty which you are interested in in the Lecture Hall. As a foreign learner, it is difficult for you to understand the true meaning and the culture of them. Therefore, before class, you can read some books related to the history of the Tang Dynasty to better appreciate the poems.
Be sure to go to the Lecture Hall on time. You cannot miss the wonderful poems.
Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封信。
【详解】随着时代的发展，电子邮件越来越受广大中学生的欢迎，所以写电子邮件是中学生经常做的事，这种形式的写作贴近学生生活，使他们感到熟悉。根据提示可知，本篇为一封信件；假定你是李华，正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。考生成文时应注意：1. 要点要齐全：（1）时间和地点；（2）内容：学习唐诗；（3）课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。2. 时态：以一般现在时为主；3. 人称：第二人称为主；4. 注意恰当使用一些连词，使文章自然、流畅。5. 适当使用一些高级句型和词汇以提高作文档次。
【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如宾语从句I am very happy that you have made great progress in learning Chinese and you are interested in Chinese culture.定语从句On July 20, we are going to learn poems of the Tang Dynasty which you are interested in in the Lecture Hall.非谓语动词Therefore, before class, you can read some books related to the history of the Tang Dynasty to better appreciate the poems.
全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
第二节：（20分）
52.假设你是红星中学高一（1）班的学生李华，下面四幅图描述了你周末生活方式变化的经过。请根据图片的先后顺序，为校刊“英语园地”写一篇短文。词数不少于60。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】I used to play computer games almost every weekend. Computer games were so appealing to me that I was totally addicted to it. After some time, my eyesight became weak. Meanwhile, I gained a lot of weight. With the situation getting worse, I had to go to see a doctor. The doctor gave me a physical examination and I had my eyes examined as well. The doctor advised me to do some exercise in the open air as much as possible. To improve my health, I accepted his advice and began to ride bicycle every weekend. And now I’m feeling much better.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于看图作文。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为看图作文；假设你是红星中学高一（1）班的学生李华，下面四幅图描述了你周末生活方式变化的经过。请根据图片的先后顺序，为校刊“英语园地”写一篇短文。词数不少于60。人称使用第一人称。时态应为一般过去时。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：used to；appeal to；be addicted to；have my eyes examined；as much as possible等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如Computer games were so appealing to me that I was totally addicted to it.使用了so...that句型；To improve my health, I accepted his advice and began to ride bicycle every weekend.使用了不定式做目的状语。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
高三英语
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
My classmates and I had a really unforgettable experience，which made us very happy. We paid a visit ___1___ Lucy’s house yesterday. We didn’t have difficulty finding her house because she ___2___ (give) us clear directions. When we arrived at her house, her mother was preparing food for us. Then we began to help with the cooking. About an hour later, the food was ready, and we sat at the table enjoying the delicious food including fish and ___3___ (vegetable). Finally we went to Ann’s room where we watched our favourite TV programme together. ___4___ (decorate) with flowers and balloons, the room was warm and comfortable.
【答案】1. to 2. had given
3. vegetables
4. Decorated
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了作者和同班同学昨天到露西家做客的愉快经历。
【1题详解】
考查介词。表示“参观……”，应用pay a visit to sp.，是固定表达。故该空填介词to。
【2题详解】
考查时态。句意：因为她已经给了我们清楚的说明，所以，我们毫无困难的找到了她的家。根据语境，“她给我们说明”发生在“我们找到她的家”之前，即过去的过去，故该句应用过去完成时态，填had given。
【3题详解】
考查名词。vegetable是可数名词，空前无冠词，故应用名词复数形式。故填vegetables。
【4题详解】
考查非谓语动词。逗号之前是状语，主语the room和decorate之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作状语，故填Decorated。
B
The beautiful canola (油菜) flowers in spring attracted a large number of visitors to Hanzhong, a city in the south of western Shaanxi province. The city’s 9th annual canola flower festival ___5___ (start) on March 13 and ended on May 1, 2018. There were more than 600 square kilometers of canola fields in Hanzhong, ___6___ created unique scenery. About 50 observation spots ___7___ (design) for the tourists throughout the city.
【答案】5. started
6. which 7. were designed
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了2018年杭州第九届油菜花节的相关情况。
【5题详解】
考查时态。根据时间状语“on May 1, 2018”可知，该句叙述的是发生在过去的情况，应用一般过去时态，故填started。
【6题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：汉中有600多平方公里的油菜花，创造了独特的风景。逗号后是非限制性定语从句，修饰more than 600 square kilometers of canola fields，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词which引导该从句，故填which。
【7题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：为全市游客设计了大约50个观光点。根据上文，该句叙述的是2018年的情况，该应用一般过去时态。主语about 50 observation spots和design之间是被动关系，该句应用被动语态，主语为名词复数形式，根据主谓一致原则，该空应填were designed。
C
25 people were killed and 50 injured on Wednesday in a train accident in Cairo, which surprised local people. According to the BBC, Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouli visited the scene and he said ___8___ cause was not yet known, but Egypt's police were conducting an investigation (进行调查) ___9___ (find) the reason of the accident. Egypt had one of the ___10___ (old) and largest rail networks, and crashes and other accidents were common.
【答案】8. the 9. to find
10. oldest
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了周三发生在开罗的火车事故的相关情况。
【8题详解】
考查冠词。___1___ cause是主语，且该处特指周三开罗火车事故的原因，表特指，应用冠词the。
【9题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：埃及警方正在进行一项调查，以查明事故原因。“___2___ (find) the reason of the accident”是目的状语，表目的，应用动词不定式，故填to find。
【10题详解】
考查形容词最高级。该空修饰rail networks，和largest并列，形式应该一致，故填old的最高级oldest。
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项
My son Tom taught me a beautiful lesson today. He is three years old and it is amazing hatching him grow up.
He called out to me today saying, “Papa, sit”. That usually means ___11___ everything and going next to him and sitting down to play with him. I did that, as he can be ___12___ and will not stop calling out until I ___13___. He was playing with beads (珠子), pushing a string through them, which is a great exercise to help ___14___ fine motor skills. Then, after he finished playing with the beads, it was time to put them back in the box that they are stored in. I saw him ___15___ pick up each bead, look at it ___16___ it were made of chocolate and then placed it into its box.
With over a hundred beads to go, I was getting ___17___. “What a long time it will take! Why cannot he ___18___ ten beads in one go and drop them in?” said my anxious mind. I noticed that he did this with as much___19___ as he had while we were playing. I didn’t see any ____20____ between his play and his putting away the toy. Obviously he enjoyed both.
Then it suddenly ____21____ me that this boy was enjoying the whole ____22____. The journey was his goal. For him the ____23____ was in the game and after the game, not just in the fun part. What a great perspective: to live each moment as it is the ____24____ moment; to do each task as it is the most awesome task. Nothing else ____25____.
Looking at how ____26____ my son was putting beads into the box ____27____ me that the process was the goal. The joy of pilgrimage (朝圣) is not in getting there but in every ____28____ of the journey.
This is what living in the NOW is all ____29____. Tom, my son, was showing me that it was about thoroughly enjoying every moment with ____30____ love and peace.
11. A. wasting B. leaving C. taking D. preparing
12. A. stubborn B. innocent C. helpful D. humorous
13. A. fell down B. turned round C. burst out D. gave in
14. A. highlight B. develop C. illustrate D. identify
15. A. gratefully B. eagerly C. carefully D. quickly
16. A. as if B. even though C. in case D. in that
17. A. fascinated B. satisfied C. impatient D. energetic
18. A. package B. grab C. deliver D. replace
19. A. confidence B. strength C. inspiration D. involvement
20. A. sense B. difference C. need D. value
21. A. excited B. helped C. struck D. encouraged
22. A. process B. morning C. experiment D. design
23. A. victory B. challenge C. difficulty D. pleasure
24. A. urgent B. decisive C. perfect D. dangerous
25. A. matters B. happens C. disappears D. works
26. A. successfully B. peacefully C. responsibly D. systematically
27. A. guaranteed B. warned C. promised D. taught
28. A. plan B. destination C. step D. detail
29. A. for B. with C. about D. from
30. A. complete B. available C. additional D. precious
【答案】11. B 12. A 13. D 14. B 15. C 16. A 17. C 18. B 19. D 20. B 21. C 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. C 30. A
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者发现儿子在玩珠子和收珠子的时候，都是非常专注的在做，享受每个过程，这让作者感悟到活在当下的所有的含义是：要用全部的爱和宁静享受每个时刻。
【11题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这通常意味着放下一切，走到他身边，坐下来和他一起玩。A. wasting浪费；B. leaving离开，丢弃；C. taking拿；D. preparing准备。根据下文sitting down to play with him.可知，儿子叫作者的时候，作者要放下一切和他一起玩。故选B。
【12题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我那样做了，因为他可能会很固执，直到我让步才会停止叫喊。A. stubborn固执的；B. innocent无辜的，天真的；C. helpful乐于助人的；D. humorous幽默的。根据下文will not stop calling out until I ___3___ .可知，儿子是很固执的。故选A。
【13题详解】
考查动词短语辨析，句意：我那样做了，因为他可能会很固执，直到我让步才会停止叫喊。A. fell down倒下；B. turned round转身；C. burst out 爆发；D. gave in让步。根据语境可知，直到作者让步了，儿子才会停止叫喊。故选D。
【14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在玩珠子，把一根线穿过珠子，这是一种帮助培养精细运动技能的很好的锻炼。A. highlight 强调；B. develop发展，培养；C. illustrate阐述；D. identify识别。根据常识可知，这是一种帮助培养精细运动技能的很好的锻炼。故选B。
15题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我看见他小心翼翼地把每颗珠子都拿起来，看着它，就好像它是巧克力做的，然后把它放进盒子里。A. gratefully感激地；B. eagerly渴望地；C. carefully仔细地；D. quickly快地。根据下文What a long time it will take!可知，作者看见儿子仔细的捡起每个珠子。故选C。
【16题详解】
考查连接词辨析。句意：我看见他小心翼翼地把每颗珠子都拿起来，看着它，就好像它是巧克力做的，然后把它放进盒子里。A. as if好像；B. even though即使；C. in case以防；D. in that既然。根据语境可知，他看着珠子好像它们是用巧克力做的。故选A。
【17题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：还有一百多颗珠子要捡，我开始不耐烦了。A. fascinated迷人的；B. satisfied满意的；C. impatient不耐烦的；D. energetic精力充沛的。根据下文What a long time it will take!可知，作者感到不耐烦了。故选C。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为什么他不能一次抓十颗珠子扔进去呢？A. package包裹；B. grab抓；C. deliver投递；D. replace代替。根据语境可知，此处指抓珠子。故选B。
【19题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我发现他做这个事情的时候和他玩得时候一样的投入。A. confidence自信；B. strength力量；C. inspiration激励，灵感；D. involvement牵连，参与，加入。根据语境可知，此处指儿子做这个事情时，非常投入。故选D。
【20题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我看不出他玩玩具和他把玩具收起来有什么不同。A. sense感觉；B. difference不同；C. need需要；D. value价值。根据下文Obviously he enjoyed both.可知，作者没有看出他玩玩具和收好玩具的不同。故选B。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我突然想起这个男孩在享受这个过程。A. excited兴奋的；B. helped帮助；C. struck敲打，想起；D. encouraged鼓励。固定句型：it suddenly strike sb. that“某人突然想起……”。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我突然想起这个男孩在享受这个过程。A. process过程；B. morning早晨；C. experiment实验；D. design设计。根据下文The journey was his goal.可知，此处指儿子享受这个过程。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：对他来说，快乐是在游戏里面和游戏之后，而不仅仅是在有趣的部分。A. victory胜利；B. challenge 挑战；C. difficulty困难；D. pleasure快乐。根据上文Then it suddenly ___11___ me that this boy was enjoying the whole ___12___.可知，对儿子来说，快乐是在游戏里面和游戏之后。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多么伟大的观点：把每一刻都当作完美时刻来生活；把每一项任务都当成最了不起的任务来做。A. urgent紧急的；B. decisive决定性的，决断的；C. perfect完美的；D. dangerous危险。根据下文to do each task as it is the most awesome task.可知，每分钟都当成最完美的时候去过。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：其他的都不要紧。A. matters有关系，要紧；B. happens发生；C. disappears消失；D. works工作。做每个任务都当成是最好的，其他的都不要紧。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：看见儿子多么平静地将珠子放进盒子里面，教会我过程就是目标。A. successfully成功地；B. peacefully平静地；C. responsibly负责任D. systematically系统地。根据下文Tom, my son, was showing me that it was about thoroughly enjoying every moment with ___20___ love and peace.可知，儿子平静地将珠子放进盒子里面。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：看见儿子多么平静地将珠子放进盒子里面，教会我过程就是目标。A. guaranteed保证；B. warned警告；C. promised 答应；D. taught教。儿子平静地将珠子放进盒子里面，教会作者过程就是目标。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：朝圣的快乐不在到达那里而是旅途中的步骤。A. plan计划；B. destination目的地；C. step步骤；D. detail细节。根据语境可知，此处指旅途中的步骤。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查介词词义辨析。句意：这就是关于活在当下的所有的含义。A. for为了；B. with和……一起；C. about关于；D. from从。根据语境可知，此处指关于活在当下。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的儿子汤姆告诉我，这是一种彻底享受每时每刻的爱与安宁的生活。A. complete完整的；B. available可获得的，可利用的；C. additional额外的；D. precious宝贵的。根据语境可知，儿子教会作者要用完整的爱和宁静享受每个时刻。故选A。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
When you’re having a hard time with your homework or when you’re preparing for your term paper, these student-focused websites can help you with just about anything you need. The key to getting the most out of these online resources is to know how they can best be used to your advantage.
Although Facebook can be one of your biggest time-wasters and distractions when you are supposed to be getting work done, it can also be one of your most valuable resources. Most of your classmates will probably have a Facebook account, so anyone you need to connect with about a class you missed or about a problem is usually just a few clicks away.
SparkNotes
With a free library of history timeline, philosophy study guides and library summaries, SparkNotes has covered just about any reading-related jam you find yourself in. Just run a search for the book, play, or short summary of the material you are supposed to read.
Amazon.com
Do you finish every term with many expensive textbooks you will never open again? Instead of letting the money spent go to waste, get back some of your cash by selling your books on Amazon.
RateMyProfessors.com
Choosing new classes can sometimes be like trying to pick out your clothes in the dark, a total guessing game. Which teacher gives out the hardest problem sets? How much homework will that history professor give you every week? At RateMyProfessors.com, students all over the country rate their professors on quality, helpfulness, and how hard their classes are.
Wikipedia
While Wikipedia isn’t aimed specifically at students, it is difficult to think of another website that does more to reduce the pain of paper writing and researching. Wikipedia gives you a quick way to find sources and get the details of almost any topic you need to research — all without walking to the library.
31. The passage was mainly written to ________.
A. explain some websites for parents
B. compare some educational websites
C. offer some websites that may help students
D. introduce different parts of a website
32. While you are taking great pains to write a research report, ________ can most probably be a help.
A. Facebook B. Wikipedia C. Amazon.com D. SparkNotes
33. RateMyPorfessors.com is a place ________.
A. where you can make friends all over the country
B. that gives you information about professors in advance
C. where you can communicate with your professors
D. that gives tips on how to get along with your professors
34. Which of the following will you most probably refer to, if you need brief ideas for class discussion in reading?
A. Wikipedia. B. Facebook. C. SparkNotes. D. Amazon.com.
【答案】31. C 32. B 33. B 34. C
【解析】
文章介绍了有助于学生完成作业及论文的5个网站。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句these student-focused websites can help you with just about anything you need.可知，文章主要介绍一些帮助学生的网站。故选C。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句话While Wikipedia isn’t aimed specifically at students, it is difficult to think of another website that does more to reduce the pain of paper writing and researching.可知，Wikipedia可以帮助缓解学生写报告的痛苦。故选B。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段的内容尤其是这一段最后一句话At RateMyProfessors.com, students all over the country rate their professors on quality, helpfulness, and how hard their classes are.可知，这个网站可以提供有关教授的信息。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话With a free library of history timeline, philosophy study guides and library summaries, SparkNotes has covered just about any reading-related jam you find yourself in.可知，SparkNotes网站涵盖了所有与阅读有关的材料。
B
Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone, not in features but in footsteps. As he grows you also age, and your ambitions become more unachievable. You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably accomplish what you hoped for. But footsteps can be muddied and they can go off in different directions.
My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten. Science projects waited until the last moment. Book reports weren’t written until the final threat.
I’ve been a newspaperman all my adult life. My daughter is a university graduate working towards her master’s degree in English. But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech” student (技校学生). They’re called “motorheads” by the rest of the student body.
When a secretary in my office first called him “motorhead”, I was shocked. “Hey, he’s a good kid, ” I wanted to say. “And smart, really.”
I learned later that motorheads are, indeed, different. They usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes. And they don’t often make school honor rolls (光荣榜).
But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education. We who labor in clean shirts in offices don’t have the abilities that motorheads have. I began to learn this when I had my car crashed. The cost to repair it was estimated at $800. “Hey, I can fix it,” said Jody. I doubted it, but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose.
My son, with other motorheads, fixed the car. They got parts from a junkyard, and ability from vo-tech classes. The cost was $25 instead of $800.
Since that first repair job, a broken air-conditioner, a non-functioning washer and a non-toasting toaster have been fixed. Neighbours and co-workers trust their car repairs to him.
These kids are happiest when doing repairs. They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world. And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes.
I have learned a lot from my motorhead: publishers need printers, engineers need mechanics, and architects need builders. Most important, I have learned that fathers don’t need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.
My son may never make the school honor roll. But he made mine.
35. What used to be the author’s hope for his son?
A. To avoid becoming his clone. B. To resemble him in appearance.
C. To develop in a different direction. D. To reach the author’s unachieved goals.
36. What can we learn about the author’s children?
A. His daughter docs better in school.
B. His daughter has got a master’s degree.
C. His son tried hard to finish homework.
D. His son couldn’t write his book reports.
37. The author let his son repair the car because he believed that .
A. his son had the ability to fix it B. it would save him much time
C. it wouldn’t cause him any more loss D. other motorheads would come to help
38. What did the author realize in the end?
A. It is unwise to expect your child to follow your path.
B. It is important for one to make the honor roll.
C. Architects play a more important role than builders.
D. Motorheads have greater ability than office workers.
【答案】35. D 36. A 37. C 38. A
【解析】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲的是父亲都希望自己的孩子跟随着自己的脚步前进，实现自己没实现的愿望。作者通过分享自己的故事告诉父亲们：每个人都有自己的价值，有自己的人生方向。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段的As he grows you also age, and your ambitions become more unachievable. You begin to realize that your boy, in your footsteps, could probably accomplish what you hoped for.(随着他的成长，你也变老了，你的雄心壮志也变得遥不可及。你开始意识到，你的儿子，跟随你的足迹，可能会完成你希望的)可知，作者过去常期望自己的儿子能够实现作者自己未完成的目标，故选D。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段My daughter is a university graduate working toward her master's degree in English. But Jody? When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech” student (技校学生).(我的女儿是一名大学毕业生，正在攻读英语硕士学位。但是Jody呢？当他进入十年级时，他成了一名技校学生)可知，作者的女儿学业比儿子更好。故选A。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段最后一句I doubted it, but let him go ahead, for I had nothing to lose.(我怀疑，但还是让他去吧，因为我没有什么损失)可知，作者让他的儿子修理汽车，因为他相信这不会给他带来更多的损失。故选C。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的句子Most important, I have learned that fathers don’t need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.(最重要的是，我明白了父亲不需要克隆人的足迹或其他任何地方)可知，作者最后意识到期望孩子走自己的道路这是不明智的。故选A。
C
Young sunflowers turn and swing every day. New findings add to evidence that the plants are animal-like.
Harmer, a professor in the University of California at Davis, Department of Plant Biology, carried out a series of experiments on sunflowers in the field, in pots outdoors and in indoor growth chambers.
By staking plants so that they could not move, Harmer showed that he could destroy their ability to track the sun. He also noticed that sunflowers prevented from moving were not as tough and leafy as those that were free to move. When plants were moved indoor with a settled overhead light, they continued to swing back and forth for a few days.
The indoor plants did start tracking the “sun” again when the apparent source of lighting was moved across the room. The plants could reliably track the movement and return at night when the artificial day was close to a 24-hour cycle, but not when it was closer to 30 hours.
When sunflowers track the sun, the east sides of their stems grew more rapidly than the west sides. At night, the west sides grew faster as the stem swung the other way. The team identified a number of genes that were expressed at higher levels on the sunward side of the plant during the day or on the other side at night. A plant growth-regulating hormone (激素), called auxin, appears to be a key driver.
The “dance” to the sun cycle obviously slows when the sunflower matures (成熟) and its flowers open up. At that point, the plants stop moving during the day and settle down facing the sun in the east.
“Bees like warm flowers.” Harmer said, adding that the bees are cold-blooded, so landing on a warm flower saves them energy and perhaps feels really good.
“The morning warmth changes the flowers in a way to make them more appealing to insects, perhaps causing them to release more attractive scents earlier in the day.” he said “We’re currently testing this idea.”
39. Why did Harmer do the experiment on sunflowers?
A. To see how sunflowers grow up.
B. To show what sunflowers’ genes are.
C. To study why sunflowers track the sun.
D. To check if sunflowers swing in cloudy days.
40. What does the underlined word “staking” probably mean in Paragraph 3?
A. Tracking. B. Fining.
C. Growing. D. Searching.
41 What is the result of sunflowers being stopped from moving?
A. They will produce a number of new genes.
B. They will grow faster than usual.
C. They won’t swing back though set free.
D. They won’t grow well.
42. What is the advantage of sunflowers’ dance to the sun?
A. They attract more insects. B. They save more energy.
C. They mature more rapidly. D. They produce more flowers.
【答案】39. C 40. B 41. D 42. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。年轻的向日葵每天都在旋转和摇摆。新的发现进一步证明这些植物与动物相似。本文介绍向日葵随着太阳转动的原因。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段When sunflowers track the sun, the east sides of their stems grew more rapidly than the west sides. At night, the west sides grew faster as the stem swung the other way. The team identified a number of genes that were expressed at higher levels on the sunward side of the plant during the day or on the other side at night. A plant growth-regulating hormone (激素), called auxin, appears to be a key driver.(当向日葵沿着太阳生长时，其茎的东侧比西侧生长得更快。到了晚上，随着茎杆向另一边摆动，西边长得更快了。研究小组发现了一些基因，这些基因白天在植物向阳的一侧表达水平较高，而晚上则在植物的另一侧表达水平较高。植物生长调节激素，生长素，似乎是一个关键的驱动因素)可知，Harmer用向日葵做实验的目的是研究向日葵为什么会追踪太阳。故选C。
40题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句By staking plants so that they could not move, Harmer showed that he could destroy their ability to track the sun.(通过staking植物，目的是它们不能移动，Harmer认为他可以摧毁他们的太阳跟踪的能力)可推知，Harmer把植物固定住了，由此可知，划线词意为“固定，捆绑”。故选B。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第二句He also noticed that sunflowers prevented from moving were not as tough and leafy as those that were free to move.(他还注意到，被阻止移动的向日葵不像那些可以自由移动的向日葵那样坚硬和多叶)可知，向日葵被阻止移动后不能很好地生长。故选D。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的The morning warmth changes the flowers in a way to make them more appealing to insects, perhaps causing them to release more attractive scents earlier in the day.(早晨的温暖在某种程度上改变了花朵，使它们对昆虫更有吸引力，可能导致它们在一天的早些时候释放出更有吸引力的气味)可知，向日葵迎着太阳跳舞的好处是它们能吸引更多的昆虫。故选A。
【名师点睛】做推理判断题时，切不可脱离语境想当然。在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表示的关系推断生词词义。特别注意划线部分前后的内容。本题第2小题，根据第三段第一句By staking plants so that they could not move, Harmer showed that he could destroy their ability to track the sun. 通过staking 植物，目的是它们不能移动，Harmer认为他可以摧毁他们的太阳跟踪的能力。由此可知，是把植物固定住，故选B。
D
A new international study shows that some peopled biological clock plays a powerful role for their life expectancy, regardless of lifestyle choices.
Published in the latest issue of Aging on Wednesday, the study has found the most definitive evidence to explain why some people keep healthy lifestyle but die younger than others.
Geneticist Steve Horvath from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), led a team of 65 scientists around the world to record age-related changes to human DNA, analyse blood samples collected from 13,000 people and estimate their lifespan.
A higher biological age, regardless of actual age, consistently predicts an earlier death, the study says.
“You get people who are vegan, sleep 10 hours a day, have a low-stress job, and still end up dying young,” Horvath said in a statement. “We have shown some people have a faster innate aging rate.”
The findings discovered that 5 percent of the population ages at a faster biological rate, which translated to a roughly 50 percent higher than average risk of death at any age.
“The great hope is that we find anti-aging interventions that would slow your innate aging rate,” Horvath said, adding that “this is an important milestone to realizing this dream.
43 How was the study conducted?
A. By collecting and analyzing data
B. By interviewing lots of people
C. By researching previous studies
D. By studying different lifestyles
44. Some people keep healthy lifestyle but die younger than others because .
A. the biological clock is not powerful enough
B. the most definitive evidence has been found
C. they have a higher actual age than others
D. they ages at a relatively faster biological rate
45. According to the study, it can be inferred that .
A people who keep healthy lifestyle tend to live longer
B. people’s lifespan can be predicted by their age
C. anti-aging interventions have proved to slow the innate aging rate
D. 5 percent of people are believed to have a faster innate aging rate
【答案】43. A 44. D 45. D
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。一项新的国际研究表明，不管人们选择什么样的生活方式，有些人的生物钟对他们的预期寿命起着重要作用。文章主要介绍了这项研究发现。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段 Geneticist Steve Horvath from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), led a team of 65 scientists around the world to record age-related changes to human DNA, analyse blood samples collected from 13,000 people and estimate their lifespan.可知，来自加州大学洛杉矶分校的遗传学家史蒂夫·霍瓦特领导了一个由来自世界各地的65名科学家组成的团队，记录了与年龄有关的人类DNA变化，分析了从1.3万人身上采集的血液样本，并估算了他们的寿命。由此可知，这项研究是通过收集和分析数据进行的。故选A。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段A higher biological age, regardless of actual age, consistently predicts an earlier death, the study says.(研究称，无论实际年龄如何，较高的生理年龄始终预示着较早的死亡)及倒数第三段中的We have shown some people have a faster innate aging rate.可知，我们已经证明，有些人的先天衰老速度更快。由此可知，有些人保持健康的生活方式，但比其他人死得早，因为他们的衰老速度相对较快。故选D。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的The findings discovered that 5 percent of the population ages at a faster biological rate可知，5%的人有更快的老化速率，由此可知，C项正确。根据第二段中的why some people keep healthy lifestyle but die younger than others 可知，人们就算保持健康的生活方式也有可能英年早逝，由此可知，A项错误。根据第四段中的A higher biological age, regardless of actual age, consistently predicts an earlier death 可知，预测人的寿命并不能通过实际年龄，由此可知，B项错误。根据最后一段中的The great hope is that we find anti-aging interventions that would slow your innate aging rate 可知，抗衰老的干预措施只是有可能减缓先天衰老速率，还没有被证实一定会，由此可知，D项错误。故选C。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
You should make thorough plans before you undertake a camping trip. Just follow these simple camping guidelines to make your trip safe and rewarding.
Selecting an appropriate tent
___46___. When determining the size of your tent, you should take into account the number of campers as well as the camping equipment necessary for your trip. There should be enough room in the tent for the camping equipment.___47___.
Importance of food
While camping, you will need enough food to give you enough energy for your outdoor work.___48___.You should use a two burner stove to do all your cooking. Insist on simplicity in cooking and use vegetables and ready-made food during your trip to minimize cooking time.
Adequate sleep
___49___. Nights are generally cooler than the days so you need to have enough warm clothes to feel comfortable enough to sleep during the night. When buying a sleeping bag, check that you feel comfortable in it. Extra air mattresses (气垫) may be included in your camping equipment to make your bed more comfortable.
___50___. Bear these camping guidelines in mind and make sure you are fully prepared to enjoy your camping trip.
A. All campers should have adequate sleep during the night
B. Thus you must have an efficient arrangement for food preparation
C. The best camping trips are had by those people who prepare the best
D. Take healthy and nourishing food with you to meet energy demands during your trip
E. The comfort level in a tent determines the success of a camping trip
F. The size is the most important thing you should carefully consider when choosing a tent
G. It will destroy the mood of the entire camping trip if you don’t have a good sleeping bag
【答案】46. F 47. E 48. B 49. A 50. C
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述进行露营旅行的注意事项，凡事都是为有充足准备的人提供的，才能充分的享受旅行的快乐。
【46题详解】
考查段落大意及句意理解。根据下文提到的When determining the size of your tent, you should take into account the number of campers as well as the camping equipment necessary for your trip.( 当决定你的帐篷的大小时，你应该考虑到露营者的数量以及你旅行所需要的露营设备)可知，F. The size is the most important thing you should carefully consider when choosing a tent(在选择帐篷时，最重要的是考虑帐篷的大小)符合语境。故选F。
【47题详解】
考查句意理解。根据上文提到的There should be enough room in the tent for the camping equipment.(帐篷里应该有足够的空间放露营设备)可知，E. The comfort level in a tent determines the success of a camping trip(帐篷里的舒适程度决定了露营旅行的成败)符合语境。故选E。
【48题详解】
考查句意理解。根据下文提到的You should use a two burner stove to do all your cooking.(你应该用有两个灶的炉子来做饭)可知，B. Thus you must have an efficient arrangement for food preparation(因此，你必须有一个高效的食物准备安排)符合语境。故选B。
【49题详解】
考查段落大意及句意理解。根据小段主旨Adequate sleep(充足睡眠)可知，A. All campers should have adequate sleep during the night(在晚上所有的成员必须有充足的睡眠)符合语境，其中adequate sleep对应小段主旨。故选A。
【50题详解】
考查段落大意及句意理解。根据下文提到的Bear these camping guidelines in mind and make sure you are fully prepared to enjoy your camping trip.(记住这些露营指南，确保你准备好享受你的露营之旅)可知，C. The best camping trips are had by those people who prepare the best(好的露营旅行是为做好充足准备的人提供的)符合语境，其中camping trip是关键词组。故选C。
第三部分 书面表达（共35分）
第一节（15分）
51.假定你是李华，正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包括：
（1）时间和地点；
（2）内容：学习唐诗；
（3）课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【答案】Dear Leslie,
I am very happy that you have made great progress in learning Chinese and you are interested in Chinese culture. Now I'll tell you the next learning programme. On July 20, we are going to learn poems of the Tang Dynasty which you are interested in in the Lecture Hall. As a foreign learner, it is difficult for you to understand the true meaning and the culture of them. Therefore, before class, you can read some books related to the history of the Tang Dynasty to better appreciate the poems.
Be sure to go to the Lecture Hall on time. You cannot miss the wonderful poems.
Best wishes.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封信。
【详解】随着时代的发展，电子邮件越来越受广大中学生的欢迎，所以写电子邮件是中学生经常做的事，这种形式的写作贴近学生生活，使他们感到熟悉。根据提示可知，本篇为一封信件；假定你是李华，正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。考生成文时应注意：1. 要点要齐全：（1）时间和地点；（2）内容：学习唐诗；（3）课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。2. 时态：以一般现在时为主；3. 人称：第二人称为主；4. 注意恰当使用一些连词，使文章自然、流畅。5. 适当使用一些高级句型和词汇以提高作文档次。
【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如宾语从句I am very happy that you have made great progress in learning Chinese and you are interested in Chinese culture.定语从句On July 20, we are going to learn poems of the Tang Dynasty which you are interested in in the Lecture Hall.非谓语动词Therefore, before class, you can read some books related to the history of the Tang Dynasty to better appreciate the poems.
全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
第二节：（20分）
52.假设你是红星中学高一（1）班的学生李华，下面四幅图描述了你周末生活方式变化的经过。请根据图片的先后顺序，为校刊“英语园地”写一篇短文。词数不少于60。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】I used to play computer games almost every weekend. Computer games were so appealing to me that I was totally addicted to it. After some time, my eyesight became weak. Meanwhile, I gained a lot of weight. With the situation getting worse, I had to go to see a doctor. The doctor gave me a physical examination and I had my eyes examined as well. The doctor advised me to do some exercise in the open air as much as possible. To improve my health, I accepted his advice and began to ride bicycle every weekend. And now I’m feeling much better.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于看图作文。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为看图作文；假设你是红星中学高一（1）班的学生李华，下面四幅图描述了你周末生活方式变化的经过。请根据图片的先后顺序，为校刊“英语园地”写一篇短文。词数不少于60。人称使用第一人称。时态应为一般过去时。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：used to；appeal to；be addicted to；have my eyes examined；as much as possible等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如Computer games were so appealing to me that I was totally addicted to it.使用了so...that句型；To improve my health, I accepted his advice and began to ride bicycle every weekend.使用了不定式做目的状语。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
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