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黑龙江省大庆市铁人中学2020届高三上学期开学考试英语试题
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铁人中学2017级高三学年上学期开学考试
英语试题
第一部分：单项填空（共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.【2018·江苏】Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
A. that B. where
C. which D. when
【答案】B
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：无人驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。故选B。
点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词。2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。
2.During the holiday I bought a CD player, _____ was rather reasonable.
A. its price B. of which price
C. the prices of which D. whose price
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我在暑假买了一个CD机，它的价格很合理。price和CDplayer是所属关系，即CD机的价格，whose作定语，放在名词之前，whose price可以转换为of which the price或the price of which。如果在横线前加上and，则变成了并列句，这时，正确答案是its price，故选D。
考点：考查非限制性定语从句
3.______ will be in charge of the meeting has not been decided yet.
A. What B. Which C. That D. Who
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意:将由谁来主持会议还没有决定。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导主语从句,且在从句中作主语,表示"谁",故用Who。故选D。
【点睛】名词性从句关键在于三点：一、找准从句在主句中充当的成分即分出是名词性从句的主语句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。二、连接词从句中充当的成分（主、宾、定或状语或不做任何成分）三、弄清楚每个连接词的意义。此外还要注意，近年来高考对于名词性从句的考查多从名词性从句的语序和连接词的用法区别上考查。
4.—I'll come to attend your lecture after I finish my class tomorrow.
—I'm afraid by then I will just have finished my lecture and ______ my guests in my office.
A. meet B. have met C. be meeting D. am meeting
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——明天下课后我会来听你的讲座。——恐怕到那个时候我正好已经完成了我的讲座并且正在我的办公室里会见客人。根据句意可知,此处表示在将来的某个时刻正在进行的动作,故需用将来进行时，且根据上文will后跟动词原形。故选C。
5.Peking Duck, ______ as one of the best ways to eat the delicious duck, has earned a reputation both at home and abroad.
A. regarded B. regarding
C. being regarded D. to be regarded
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:北京烤鸭——被认为是最好的品尝美味的鸭肉的方式之一——享誉国内外。根据句意及分析句子结构可知,空处应填非谓语动词,且Peking Duck与regard之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故应用其过去分词在句中作后置定语。故选A。
6.Weather___________, we'll go out for a walk.
A. permitted B. permitting C. permits D. for permitting
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：天气允许的话，我们就出去散步。本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句，句中使用了逗号，且we小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格结构或with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立主格结构，其结构为：名词+分词。由于permit在这里翻译为“天气允许”，表主动，应用现在分词，故选B。
7.----Why do you look sad?
----There are so many problems __________.
A. remaining to settle B. remained settling
C. remaining to be settled D. remained to be settled
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：考查remain的用法。句意：你为什么看起来非常伤心？因为还有很多事情待处理。Remaining剩下的；sth remain to be done 某事有待于被做；本题是两个用法相结合形成remaining to be settled 修饰problems。故选C。
考点：考查remain的用法
8.Not until they were introduced to each other ______ they had met at a dinner party.
A. they realized B. had they realized
C. they had realized D. did they realize
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装。句意：直到他们互相介绍认识之后，他们才意识到他们是在一次宴会上认识的。not until结构放在句首时, 其后的主句用部分倒装结构。此空“意识到”的时间发生在“被互相介绍”之后, 根据were introduced可知此空应用一般过去时。故选D。
【点睛】until的常用句式
(1)肯定句(延续性动词)+until+句子.
I will wait until he returns. 我一直等他回来。
肯定句(延续性动词)+until+名词或名词短语.
I waited for him until 12 o’clock.
(2)否定句(瞬间动词)+until+句子.
My mother had no idea of it until I told her.
否定句(瞬间动词)+until+名词或名词短语.
I won’t leave until 12 o’clock.
(3)not. . . until强调句
结构: It is/was not until +从句/表时间的词语+that +肯定句.
It was not until I told her that my mother had any idea of it.
(4)not. . . until倒装句(具有否定意义的词或短语在句首, 句子部分倒装)
结构: Not until+从句/表时间的词语+主句(倒装)
Not until 12 o’clock will I leave.
9.Why are some brands more popular than others ______ the products are of similar quality?
A. as though B. even if C. so that D. in case
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：为什么即使产品很相似，一些品牌却比其他的更流行呢？A. as though好像；B. even if 即使，虽然；C. so that因此；D. in case 以防，万一。故B选项正确。
10.______ these conditions are fulfilled can the application proceed to the next stage.
A. Only if B. Now that C. Even though D. If only
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句。句意:只有满足这些条件,申请才会进入到下一阶段。根据句意和分析句子结构可知,此处用A. Only if"只要,只有"引导条件状语从句,从句用陈述语气,主句需部分倒装；B. Now that"既然"用于引导原因状语从句；C. Even though"即使"用于引导让步状语从句；D. If only"要是……就好了"用于引导条件状语从句。根据句意以及下文can the application proceed to the next stage主句为部分倒装可知本句为条件状语从句，故选A。
11.Jackie had his luggage ________ an hour before his plane left．
A. check B. checking C. to check D. checked
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：杰基在飞机起飞前一小时把行李托运了。短语have sth. done“让……被做”。逻辑主语是 his luggage和 check 的关系是被动，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故正确答案为D。
12.________ himself with routine tasks, he had no time to accompany his children.
A. Occupying B. Occupied
C. Being occupied D. To be occupied
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于忙于常规工作，他没有时间陪伴孩子。短语occupy oneself with sth 与be occupied with sth都是"忙于……；从事于"之意，本题前一分句作原因状语从句。若使用第一种表达方式（"他"与"从事"之间为主动关系，动词使用现在分词形式），则表达为：Occupying himself with…；若使用第二种表达方式（occupied作为形容词"繁忙的；没空的"，位于句首作状语），则表达为：Occupied with routine tasks，…综上，结合所给选项分析可知本题答案为A选项。
13.—Tony _______ what I did annoying though he didn’t say anything.
—So you think you will have to make an apology?
A. could find B. should have found
C. might find D. must have found
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词+完成式。句意：—Tony一定觉得我做的事很烦人，尽管他什么也没说。—所以你认为你得道歉?此处是对过去事情有把握的推测，must have done“一定是做某事了”，故选D。
【点睛】情态动词+ have done结构：
1.“must + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测,语气比较坚定,通常只用于肯定句.如：It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.
2.“can / could + have + 过去分词”表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定.can和could一般用于否定句和疑问句,could的语气较can弱.如：He can't have finished the work so soon.
3.“may / might + have + 过去分词”表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测,might的语气比may弱一点.这种结构主要用于肯定句和否定句,疑问句改用can或could.如：They may not have known it beforehand.
4.“need + have + 过去分词”表示过去做了不必做或不需要做的事情,或过去做某事纯属多余.如：I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came.
5.“should / ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去本该做某事但没做,其否定式表示过去不该做某事但做了,这种句式含有不满或责备之意,ought to的语气比should强一些.如：
You ought to / should have studied harder.你本应该更努力学习的.（但没有）
He oughtn't to / shouldn't have done that.他本来就不该做那件事.（可是做了）
6.“would ＋ have ＋ 过去分词”表示对过去的某种情况进行猜测,或本来要做某事却因某种原因未做成,通常用来说明某一情况,但不像用should或ought to那样含有责备之意.如：
I guess the poet would have been about twenty when she wrote her first poem.
Another worker wouldn't have acted like that.
14.Look,______ beautiful flowers_____ the girl carrying that she becomes the focus in the room.
A. such; are B. so; are C. such; is D. so; is
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装句。句意：看啊，那个女孩拿着的花那么美丽以致于她成为了房间里的焦点。当 “so/such + 形容词/名词性成分”位于句首时，通常要部分倒装，即将助动词、情态动词、be 动词提至主语前。分析句子成分可知正确的顺序为 “the girl _____ carrying _____ beautiful flowers that ”。即句子中缺少 be 动词，主语为 the girl，故 be 动词应用 is。beautiful flowers 的中心词为 flowers，为名词性成分，故用 such 来修饰；而 so 通常后接形容词，此处若用 so，则句子应为 so beautiful the flowers is the girl carrying ，so 修饰 beautiful，the flowers 为宾语，故此处 so 不正确。故选C。
【点睛】部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
(1)表示否定意义的副词、介词短语和连词放在句首时要部分倒装。此类副词或连词主要有no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not only…but also…, hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, not until…等。如：
Never have I seen such a performance. 我从未见过这样的表演。
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 直到孩子睡着了，母亲才离开房间。
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就开始下雨了。
(2)当so/neither/nor位于句首时，表示“也”、“也不”，可将其后与前面重复的谓语部分置于主语之前，构成部分倒装。如：
Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 汤姆会说法语。杰克也可以。
If you won’t go, neither will I. 如果你不去，我也不去。
(3)only修饰状语时的部分倒装
“only+状语/状语从句”位于句首时，句子的主语和谓语或主句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。如：
Only in this way can you learn English well. 只有以这种方法，我们才能学好英语。
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 他被问了三次才来参加会议。
Only when he returned did we find out the truth. 只有当他回来时，我们才查明了真相。
(4)在so… that…句式中，如果so位于句首，主句中的主语和谓语需部分倒装。如：
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他太害怕了以至于一动也不敢动。
(5)在虚拟条件句中，从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，if可省略，将were, had, should移到主语之前，构成部分倒装。如：
Were I you, I would try it again. 如果我是你，我会再试一次。
(6)as/though引导让步状语从句时置于句首时，采用形式倒装，即把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。如：
①表语倒装
Tired as/though he was, he still went on with his work. 尽管他很累，他还是继续工作。
②谓语动词的倒装
Try as he might, he didn’t pass the exam. 尽管很用功，但他考试还是不及格。
③状语的倒装
Much as he likes the bike, he doesn’t want to buy it. 他虽然很喜欢那辆自行车，但不想买它。
注意：如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语，不再用冠词。如：
Child as he is, he knows a lot. 尽管他是孩子，但他懂得很多。
Youngest as he is in our class, he speaks English the best. 他虽然是我们班年龄最小的，但英语说得最好。
15.Of the 2000 stock investors _______ last month, 90% was found _______ financial knowledge.
A. surveyed; lacking B. having been surveyed; to lack
C. surveyed; lacked D. to have been surveyed; lack
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在去年受调查的2000个股票投资人之中，90%被发现缺少经济知识。根据句意可知第一空用非谓语动词作定语，stock investors和survey是被动关系，用过去分词作定语；第二空用find+宾语+宾语补足语的结构，90% of the stock investors和lack是主动关系，用现在分词作主语补足语。故选A。
16.The government required that every effort ____to bring down house prices.
A. should make B. would be made C. be made D. must be made
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：政府紧急督促要尽一切努力降低房价。此处require后宾语从句用should+动词原形形式，should被省略；宾语从句还是make every effort to do sth被动形式。故选C。
【点睛】后接虚拟语气的常见词
1）在 insist, order, command, suggest, propose, advise, desire, demand, require, request, order, prefer, propose, recommend 等表示“命令，决定，建议”等动词以及由这些动词引申的名词或形容词引导的 that 从句中，要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 should + 动词原形，其中 should 可以省略，主句中的时态不限。
例如：He ordered that all the books be sent at once.
She insisted that she go to the south for her holiday.
2）类似用法的还有 advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, necessary, obligatory, proper 等形容词；decision, decree, demand, instruction, order, requirement, resolution 等名词。其后引导的 that 从句均用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 should + 动词原形，其中 should 可以省略，主句中的时态不限。例如：
It was appropriate that this tax be abolished.
Their decision was that the school remain closed.
3）请注意，当这些词语不是用于表示“命令，决定，建议”的含义时，所引导从句不用虚拟语气。
17.He expressed his hope ___ he would visit China again the next year, and this was the very hope ___ he expressed as soon as he arrived in the country.
A. that; that B. which; which
C. that; which D. which; that
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：考查名词性从句。句意：他表达了他希望明天能再来中国，这是他一到这个国家唯一的一种希望。第一空:that引导同位语从句。第二空:that引导定语从句。因为先行词有the very 修饰,故不可用which，故选A项。
考点 : 考查名词性从句
18.It’s no use _______ my husband ________ money. He won’t take your advice.
A. to argue with; about B. arguing about; with
C. arguing with; about D. to argue about; with
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句式和固定短语。句意：和我的丈夫争论钱是没有用的，他不会采纳你的建议的。固定句式It is no use doing sth表示“做某事没有用”；固定短语argue with sb about sth表示“因为某事与某人争论”。故C正确。
19.I did better, but I still wasn't as focused as I ________.
A. should do B. should have been
C. should be D. should have done
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我做得更好了，但我仍然没有像我应该的那样专注。根据句意和did better可知表示对过去的虚拟语气，排除A、C选项；should have done意为"本应该做某事而没有做"，且根据短语be focused on“集中于；专注”，故选B。
20.The boys knew they had broken the rules, and they were ______ but happy when called to the office.
A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：男孩们知道他们违反了规定，当被叫到办公室时，他们一点也不高兴。短语anything but“根本不；一点不”。故选B。
第二部分阅读理解（共两节20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
第一节：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Z Hotel is in the heart of London’s West End and has comfortable accommodation in a contemporary design.
All rooms include handcrafted beds, 48-inch Samsung HD TVs with free Sky Sports and Movie channels, and free Wi-Fi. Each room also has under-bed storage for an overnight bag, and wall-mounted hanging space for clothing. The Z Hotel also offers wheelchair accessible rooms.
Continental breakfast is served in The Z Café every morning, including smoked salmon, fresh bread, fresh fruit salad and bacon rolls. A selection of salads, sandwiches and hot dishes are on offer throughout the day.
The hotel is a 5-minute walk from Prince of Wales Theatre and Chinatown London, Leicester Square, Piccadilly Circus and Trafalgar Square. Heathrow Airport can be reached directly from Piccadilly Circus Underground Station.
This is our guests’ favorite part of London, according to independent reviews. This area is also great for shopping, with popular brands nearby: Apple, H&M, Zara, Burberry and Chanel.
The Z Hotel is rated for the best value in London! Guests are getting more for their money when compared to other hotels in this city. Come and stay with us!
Most popular facilities:
◆luggage storage ◆Heating ◆Free Wi-Fi ◆Air conditioning
◆24-hour front desk ◆Daily maid service ◆Parking ◆Lift
Prices:
Room type
Prices
Options
Double room--non-smoking
￡179
·Non-refundable(不退款)
·Good Breakfast￡9.50
Twin Room--non-smoking
￡185
·Non-refundable
·Good Breakfast￡9.50
Queen Room --disability access
￡219
·Pay at the hotel
(no prepayment needed)
·Good Breakfast included
21. When staying in this hotel, you will enjoy all of the following EXCEPT________.
A. free Wi-Fi B. a TV with some free channels
C. airport pick-up service D. under-bed storage space
22. If a man in a wheelchair wants to stay in this hotel for two nights, he should pay ________.
A. ￡438 B. ￡404
C. ￡358 D. ￡370
23. From the passage we can learn ________.
A. the hotel is close to Heathrow Airport
B. the hotel serves Chinese-style breakfast
C. the hotel is good value for guests’ money
D. there is a shop with popular brands in the hotel
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. C
【解析】
这是一篇广告布告类阅读。文章介绍了伦敦Z酒店的酒店设施、服务以及价格。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。答案定位在第二段All rooms include handcrafted beds, 48-inch Samsung HD TVs with free Sky Sports and Movie channels, and free Wi-Fi. Each room also has under-bed storage for an overnight bag, and wall-mounted hanging space for clothing.可知住在这家旅馆时，不包括机场接送服务，故选C。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Prices 表格中Queen Room—disability access £219，219*2=438，故选A。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据The Z Hotel is rated for the best value in London! Guests are getting more for their money when compared to other hotels in this city.（Z饭店被评为伦敦最有价值的饭店。与这个城市的其他旅馆相比，客人们的钱花得更值。）由此推知这家旅馆物有所值，故选C。
B
Actors Keira Knightley and Kristen Bell have both commented on their worries about using Disney princesses as role models for their children.
On a famous talk show, Knightley said her daughter (who was born in 2015) was “banned” from watching Cinderella, which Disney produced as a cartoon in 1950 and a live-action film in 2015. “Cinderella waits around for a rich guy to rescue her. Don’t. Rescue yourself! Obviously.”
Knightley added that she had also forbidden The Little Mermaid, the 1989 cartoon. “This is the one that I’m quite annoyed about because I really like the film. I mean, the songs are great, but do not give up your voice for a man. Well, that’s a little difficult to handle, but I’m keeping to it.”
Bell, the star of Frozen, expressed her disapproval of the Snow White fairy tale, which became a classic Disney cartoon in 1938. In an interview with parents, Bell said: “I look at my girls and ask, ‘Don’t you think it’s very unusual that Snow White didn’t ask the old witch why she needed to eat the apple? Or where she got that apple?’ I say, ‘I would never take food from a stranger, would you?’ And my kids respond, ‘No!’ And I think I’m doing something right.”
Bell, who played a Disney princess in Frozen, said she also used the story to illustrate issues about permission. She says that she asked her children: “Don’t you think that it’s very strange that the prince kisses Snow White without her permission? … Because you cannot kiss someone if they’re sleeping!”
Bell later responded to criticism on social media. To one user she wrote: “Everything is a message to our children, because they are sponges(海绵) that soak up everything and are learning how to be adults through what they see. I want my girls to see and practice critical thinking and respectful behavior.”
24. Why did Knightley stop her daughter from watching The Little Mermaid?
A. Because Knightley disliked it.
B. Because the little mermaid was tricky.
C. Because the film showed wrong values.
D. Because the songs in the film were annoying.
25. What can we infer about Bell from Paragraph 4?
A. Bell thought Snow White behaved well.
B. Bell didn’t know how to persuade her kids.
C. Bell wanted her kids to learn from Snow White.
D. Bell believed her kids should be critical about the film.
26. What qualities do Knightley and Bell expect their children to have?
A. Curious and hard-working. B. Smart and generous.
C. Independent and good-mannered. D. Critical and proud.
27. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Say No to Disney Princesses
B. Rescue Yourselves
C. Doing Something Right
D. Practice Critical Thinking
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. C 27. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。Keira Knightley and Kristen Bell禁止孩子们看迪士尼公主的电影，并进行评判，认为迪士尼公主不应该作为孩子们的典范。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中第二段“Knightley added that she had also forbidden The Little Mermaid….but I’m keeping to it.” Knightley禁止孩子看小美人鱼不是因为不喜欢这部电影，而是对电影传达的价值观“为了一个男人而放弃自己的声音”不赞同，故选C。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章“In an interview with parents, Bell said: “I look at my girls and ask, ‘Don’t you think it’s very unusual that Snow White didn’t ask the old witch why she needed to eat the apple? Or where she got that apple?’ I say, ‘I would never take food from a stranger, would you?’ And my kids respond, ‘No!’ And I think I’m doing something right.”可知Bell对于白雪公主是持批判态度的，并且孩子对她问题的回答可确定Bell认为孩子对这部电影应该是持批判态度的，故选D。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。通过Keira Knightley and Kristen Bell对迪士尼电影Cinderella，The Little Mermaid， Snow White fairy tale进行评论，认为女孩应该独立，不能因为男人放弃自己的宝贵品质，故选C。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。文章大意是Keira Knightley and Kristen Bell禁止孩子们看迪士尼公主的电影，并进行评判，认为迪士尼公主不应该作为孩子们的典范。标题一般与文章主旨紧密联系，而且文章中反复强调对迪士尼公主的批判，故A适合做标题。
【点睛】标题归纳题属于主旨大意题的一种。标题一般与文章主旨相关，用来点明主题，因此要确定文章的标题，第一，阅读全文，总结文章主旨大意；第二，看选项是否与主题相关，而不能是文章中的某个细节，标题不能范围过大或者过小，并且还要有吸引力。例如文章中的小题4，A选项与文章主题相关，而且标题新颖，能够吸引读者，而BCD都是文章中的某个细节的评论，需排除。
C
When you need a job very much, you may end up taking one for which you are over qualified. Although you were initially grateful just to have the work, you now feel bored and depressed. Is there any way to change that?
Start by changing your opinion, says Caitlin Kelly, the author of Malled, a book based on her experience as a sales clerk after losing her job in journalism. “Don’t focus on what you’re not getting but what you are getting,” she says. “Be patient and work attentively with a wide range of people. It doesn’t matter what the job is –there are always things you can learn and skills you can develop.”
Hilary Pearl, the founder of a coaching firm, says, “Tell yourself the current situation isn’t the end of your career. Don’t overdramatize（过分夸大）the negative aspects but try to view the situation more philosophically: life has a series of stages, and this is one of them. Don’t forget to study even in the worst stage.”
Consider that because you’re overqualified, you may be able to learn or do things on the job that might not have been possible in a more demanding position, says Sarah Hathorn, the chief executive of Illustra Consulting. “You could spend your extra time in learning different aspects of the business and teaching others in the organization,” she says.
Is it possible to make your work more challenging, even if your job responsibilities aren’t likely to change?
Of course, you may seek tasks and responsibilities that force you to learn something new or to work harder. “You may be operating on autopilot（习惯性地）right now, but chances are that people above you are stressed,” Sarah Hathorn says. “________28________and let him know which projects or tasks you want to learn more about.”
Always express your request positively, saying that you love new challenges, rather than complaining that you’re bored and underused, says Ethun, the president of the Park Avenue Group. In your down time, educate yourself about the company and its industry. “Read corporate information, analyst reports and related news articles,” she says. “If your boss accepts your suggestions, it will make you a more valuable employee.”
28. According to Caitlin Kelly, ______.
A. one should be willing to do some small things
B. being a salesman is not as important as being a journalist
C. performing your regular duties well is important
D. doing a simple job well will bring you a sense of success
29. What Hilary Pearl intends to express is that ______.
A. work is just a stage of our whole life
B. the present job doesn’t matter to us in a long run
C. one should be satisfied with his present situation
D. one should look forward instead of complaining about the present situation
30. The underlined words “take things off your boss’s plate” mean______.
A. draw your boss’s attention B. share your boss’s burdens
C. give your boss useful advice D. ask your boss for a better position
31. What is the common view about careers of the people mentioned in this passage?
A. One should start his career from doing a simple job.
B. One should improve himself and help others as well.
C. One should keep learning new things to improve himself.
D. One should pay much attention to the relationship with the boss.
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. B 31. C
【解析】
试题分析：本文叙述了当你想换一项工作时，短文给出了一些专家的建议，首先应该关注你已有的工作，不要只注意没有得到的工作，把自己本质的工作做好是最重要的；不要过分扩大的它的负面的作用，而要用哲学明智地去看待它；寻找工作机会时要迫使你去学习新东西，可以做别人做不了的事情，为老板减轻压力；要积极表达自己的请求,说你喜欢新的挑战,而不是抱怨说自己是心烦的和没有充分发挥自己的才能,在自己业余的时间要好好地学习提高自己的业务水平。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据Don’t focus on what you’re not getting but what you are getting,把你的本质工作做好是最重要的，故选C。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据life has a series of stages, and this is one of them. 故选D。
【30题详解】
词义猜测题。根据let him know which projects or tasks you want to learn more about 你能与老板分担忧愁，故选B。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据Don’t forget to study even in the worst stage 和In your down time, educate yourself about the company and its industry.可知一个人应该不断地学习来充实提高自己的业务技能，故选C。
考点：人生百味类短文阅读。
点评：句意猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查根据上下文语境的分析和把握能力。考查内容主要有猜测某个生词、熟词生义、短语或句子的意思以及猜测代词的指代等。
D
Public Health England (PHE) is targeting pizzas, ready meals, ready meat and takeaways. The government has also required the food industry to start using healthier food and encourage the public to opt for lower calorie foods.
It is all part of an effort to cut calorie (卡路里) intake by 20% by 2024. The target will point to 13 different food groups, which are equal to about a fifth of the calorie taken by children. If action is not taken, PHE said, it would be prepared to ask the government to pass laws.
PHE would be strictly monitoring progress by looking at which products people were buying and would be prepared to punish companies which do not take their duties. The government is also organizing a program encouraging adults to consume (消耗) 400 calories at breakfast and 600 each at lunch and dinner.
At present, adults consume between 200 and 300 calories more than they should each day. PHE chief nutritionist Dr Alison Redstone said the 400-600-600 tip would make it easier for “people to make healthier choices" by being able to judge what they should be eating in each sitting.
How many calories should we eat? It is suggested that women eat no more than 2,000 calories a day, while men should limit their intake to 2,500. For children, it depends on age. A four-year-old should consume no more than 1,300, while for teens aged 17 and 18, it is about 3,000, but overweight children are eating up to 500 calories more than that.
Prof Russell Viner, of the Royal College of Pediatrics and Child Health, said it was a necessary move. He said, "Over the past 40 years, there had been a slow growth in food sizes, with pizzas and hamburgers simply much bigger than they were in our parents' time." The convenience of fast food at pocket money prices and the advertisement of unhealthy food and drinks to children add to the problem.
32. What does the underlined word "opt" in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. Sell. B. Produce.
C. Choose. D. Inspect.
33. What will happen to a company if it encourages high calorie food?
A. It will be punished by customers.
B. It will be forced to stop producing foods.
C. It will be punished by Public Health England.
D. It will be asked to throw away all the food
34. Which of the following people should take in the most calories?
A. Teens aged 18. B. Babies.
C. Middle-aged women. D. Old men.
35. What can be inferred from the text?
A. The government has passed laws about eating healthier food.
B. PHE is concerned about the British health problems.
C. Hamburgers are not bigger than before.
D. Men should eat no more than 2,000 calories a day.
【答案】32. C 33. C 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了英国公共卫生部门要求食品行业开始使用更健康的食品，并鼓励公众选择低卡路里食品。
【32题详解】
词义猜测题。划线词所在的句子The government has also required the food industry to start using healthier food and encourage the public to opt for lower calorie foods.意思是政府还要求食品行业开始使用更健康的食品，并鼓励公众选择低卡路里食品。“opt”意思是选择，故选C。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段PHE would be strictly monitoring progress by looking at which products people were buying and would be prepared to punish companies which do not take their duties.可知如果一个公司鼓励高热量食物，它将受到英国公共卫生部门的惩罚，故选C。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。倒数第二段It is suggested that women eat no more than 2,000 calories a day, while men should limit their intake to 2,500. For children, it depends on age. A four-year-old should consume no more than 1,300, while for teens aged 17 and 18, it is about 3,000, but overweight children are eating up to 500 calories more than that.（建议女性每天摄入的热量不要超过2000卡路里，而男性应该限制在2500卡路里。对于孩子来说，这取决于年龄。一个4岁的孩子摄入的热量应该不超过1300卡路里，而对于17岁和18岁的青少年，这个数字大约是3000卡路里，但是超重的孩子摄入的热量要比这个数字多500卡路里。）由此可知，18岁的青少年应该摄入最多的卡路里，故选A。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。答案定位在第三段PHE would be strictly monitoring progress by looking at which products people were buying and would be prepared to punish companies which do not take their duties.（公共卫生部门将通过观察人们购买哪些产品来严格监控进展，并准备惩罚那些不履行职责的公司。）由此推断出公共卫生部门关注英国人的健康问题，故选B。
【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为
① 定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用refer to，be called或that’s to say，such as等。
② 逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly,the same as,but,however,while,on the other hand,since ,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。
③ 语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。
④ 语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。
⑤ 指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。
如第一小题，划线词所在的句子The government has also required the food industry to start using healthier food and encourage the public to opt for lower calorie foods.意思是政府还要求食品行业开始使用更健康的食品，并鼓励公众选择低卡路里食品。“opt”意思是选择，故选C。
第二节：任务型阅读。根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项，请把答案写在答题卡上。
If you need to prove who you are in China, you will usually need to use an ID card. It shows your name, date of birth, address, nationality, photo and ID number. ___36___
On April 17, Alipay introduces its first electronic ID card. The card is an electronic version of real ID card and is recognized by Ministry of Public Security. ______37______ Users can simply select “Web ID” in the app and follow the instructions.
The electronic ID card can now be used in Hangzhou, Suzhou and Fuzhou. People in these three cities can use the card to check into hotels, buy train tickets and do other tasks _____38_____.
About 4 million people will be able to use the service within the next year. “_____39_____Even if they forget their ID cards, they can still get things done. Since the process is simplified, it also makes things easier for government offices and companies,” Tang Feifan, mayor of Suzhou, told Zhangjie online.
It’s safe to use Alipay’s new service, in case you are worried that someone might steal your identity. ____40____Then, you have to pass both a fingerprint and facial recognition scan before you can use the electronic ID card.
A. This gives people another choice.
B. The safety of the electronic ID card is the main concern.
C. They don’t have to show their standard ID card anymore.
D. But not all people have welcomed the electronic ID card.
E. But now, you can prove your identity using your smartphone.
F. It’s quite easy to get an electronic ID card by using the Alipay app.
G. First, you must unlock your phone, and enter your Alipay password.
【答案】36. E 37. F
38. C 39. A
40. G
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。4月17日，支付宝推出了第一张电子身份证。该卡为电子版本的真实身份证，经公安部认可。并介绍了电子身份证给了人们另一种办事的选择，并带给人们便利。
【36题详解】
根据下文On April 17, Alipay introduces its first electronic ID card. The card is an electronic version of real ID card and is recognized by Ministry of Public Security.（4月17日，支付宝推出了第一张电子身份证。该卡为电子版本的真实身份证，经公安部认可。）介绍了一种新的用你的智能手机证明你的身份的方式。故选E符合语境。
【37题详解】
根据下文Users can simply select “Web ID” in the app and follow the instructions.（用户只需在应用程序中选择“Web ID”并按照说明操作即可。）可知使用支付宝app很容易获得电子身份证。故选F。
【38题详解】
根据上文People in these three cities can use the card to check into hotels, buy train tickets and do other tasks（这三个城市的人们可以用这张卡入住酒店、购买火车票和做其他事情。）可知使用电子身份证的人不再需要出示他们的标准身份证就可以处理日常事务。故选C。
【39题详解】
根据下文Even if they forget their ID cards, they can still get things done.（即使他们忘了带身份证，他们仍然可以把事情办好。）可知电子身份证给了人们另一种办事情的选择。故选A。
【40题详解】
根据下文Then, you have to pass both a fingerprint and facial recognition scan before you can use the electronic ID card.（然后，你必须通过指纹和面部识别扫描，然后才能使用电子身份证。）中的then可对应到G选项的first， 表示“首先，您必须解锁您的手机，并输入您的支付宝密码。”代入符合语境。故选G。
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空 (共20小题；每小题l．5分，满分30分)
When studying in Australia, do not worry about understanding the local language．General English programs are offered to help you___41___English．As a General English___42___at Greenwich College，I will tell you what you can learn from these programs．
I teach English at all levels from___43___to advanced．My classes usually___44___with a fun activity．We play vocabulary and grammar___45___．Sometimes we listen to Australian___46___and decide if we like the lyrics(歌词)．After we have all___47___up，we move onto the grammar or vocabulary of the day．We___48___it through writing or speaking.
We___49___on our other skills(reading，writing or listening)in the afternoon，and use these skills to better understand the grammar or vocabulary．___50___at the end of the day, we talk about___51___to live and work in Australia．We discuss the problems，___52___how to understand different accents．new words and make new friends．If there are any problems，we help each other, offering advice and___53___
General English also offers___54___classes to improve your speaking ability．We offer special grammar and conversation classes，as well as a movie club! You can also come with us to the Opera House，the beach，the zoo or even to a museum.
If you feel___55___about using your spoken English，don’t worry! Everyone feels the___56___．So，in General English we have activities that___57___you talking to classmates，excursions(远足)that___58___your confidence，and student parties that help you talk to others.
It's a great way to___59___all you English skills as well as have a fantastic___60___Maybe I’ll see you in my class soon．
41. A. test B. grasp C. cover D. teach
42. A. student B. worker C. teacher D. guide
43. A. beginners B. 1earners C. courses D. subjects
44. A. deal B. work C. compete D. start
45. A. toys B. sports C. games D. music
46. A. songs B. dialogues C. news D. reports
47. A. turned B. shut C. looked D. warmed
48. A. catch B. practice C. appreciate D. enjoy
49. A. depend B. keep C. focus D. base
50. A. Firstly B. Secondly C. Thirdly D. Finally
51. A. why B. how C. when D. whether
52. A. including B. remaining C. deciding D. judging
53. A. house B. disadvantage C. support D. challenge
54. A. 1istening B. writing C. accent D. reading
55. A. nervous B. comfortable C. excited D. proud
56. A. opposite B. fixed C. same D. forced
57. A. take B. imagine C. get D. remind
58. A. build B. catch C. appreciate D. draw
59. A. value B. improve C. instruct D. arrange
60. A. feeling B. thought C. adventure D. experience
【答案】41. B 42. C 43. A 44. D 45. C 46. A 47. D 48. B 49. C 50. D 51. B 52. A 53. C 54. C 55. A 56. C 57. C 58. A 59. B 60. D
【解析】
试题分析：本文以一位老师的视角，介绍了在澳大利亚学习时，去上通用英语课程的课，你可以从中学到的东西。
【41题详解】
考查动词辨析。A.试验、测验；B.抓住、领会；C.包括、覆盖；D.教。普通英语课程帮助学习英语。根据前文When studying in Australia, do not worry about understanding the local language．当在澳大利亚学习时，不用担心理解当地语言。故选B。
【42题详解】
考查名词辨析。A学生；B工人；C教师；D向导、导游。作为格林尼治大学的一名通用英语老师，我会告诉你能从这些课程中学到什么。结合下文I teach English at all levels from to advanced．我教各等级的英语，可知“我”是一位老师，故选C。
【43题详解】
考查名词辨析。A初学者；B学者；C课程；D学科。我教各水平的英语，从初学者到高级的，故选A。
【44题详解】
考查动词辨析。A解决；B工作；C竞争；D开始。我的课通常以有趣的活动开始。因为是My classes，故可知是选start，start with，以……开始。故选D。
【45题详解】
考查名词辨析。A玩具；B运动；C游戏；D音乐。我们玩词汇和语法游戏。根据上文，我的课以有趣的活动开始，故此处是指游戏。故选C。
【46题详解】
考查名词辨析。A歌曲；B对话；C新闻；D报告。有时我们听听澳大利亚歌曲，然后决定是否我们喜欢歌词。根据后文的lyrics(歌词)，故选A。
【47题详解】
考查up动词短语辨析。A出现、调大；B关闭；C仰望、查阅；D热身、准备运动。我们做完所有的准备活动后，我们进入的语法或词汇的一天。前面所提到的玩游戏，听歌这些都属于课前的准备活动，故选D。
【48题详解】
考查动词辨析。A抓住，赶上；B练习；C欣赏、感谢；D喜欢、享受。我们通过写作和说话交流练习词汇和语法。由于前文提到，一天的课程主要是词汇和语法，故选B。
【49题详解】
考查on动词短语辨析。A依赖、依靠；B继续；C集中于；D基于、以……为根据。下午我们专注在其他的技能 （阅读、 写作和听力)，并且使用这些技能，以更好地理解语法和词汇。上午主要是写作或者口语，故下午练习的重点转移，故选D。
【50题详解】
考查副词辨析。A第一；B第二；C第三；D最后。根据后文at the end of the day,在一天结束时，故可知此处应是最后，最终。故选D。
【51题详解】
考查连词辨析。A为什么；B如何；C什么时候；D是否。在一天结束时，我们谈论如何在澳大利亚生活和工作。由下文We discuss the problems，52how to understand different accents．new words and make new friends．我们讨论问题，52 如何理解不同的口音，新单词和结交新朋友。可知此处应填how。故选B。
【52题详解】
考查非谓语动词辨析。A包括；B保持；C决定；D判决。我们讨论这些问题，包括如何理解不同的口音，新单词和结交新朋友。要讨论的问题有很多，而提到的只是一部分，故选A。
【53题详解】
考查名词辨析。A房子；B缺点；C支持；D挑战。如果有任何问题，我们互相帮助，提供咨询意见并给予支持。在澳大利亚学习，且来上通用英语课程的都是异国他乡的人，当然是互相帮忙，给予一定的支持，故选C。
【54题详解】
考查名词辨析。A听力；B写作；C口音；D阅读。通用英语还提供口音课程来提高你的口语表达能力。因为是要提高口语表达能力，故提供口音课程，故选C。
【55题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A紧张的；B舒适的；C兴奋的；D自豪的。如果你觉得使用你的英语口语紧张，别担心！学英语作为第二语言，用英语跟别人讲话时，都会觉得紧张的，故选A。
【56题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A相反的；B固定的；C一样的；D被迫的、强迫的。每个人都是感觉相同的。前文提到用英语跟别人讲话时，你可能会觉得紧张的，其实每个人都会觉得紧张，故选C。
【57题详解】
考查动词辨析。A拿、取；B想象；C使得、获得；D提醒、使想起。在通用英语课程里，我们有活动使你跟同学们交谈。get的用法，get sb doing ，使/让某人做，故选C。
【58题详解】
考查动词辨析。A建立；B抓住、赶上；C欣赏、感激；D画、吸引。在通用英语课程里，我们有活动使你跟同学们交谈，有短途旅行 （远足）增强你的信心和同学聚会，帮助你和别人说话。建立自信，增强信心，故选A。
【59题详解】
考查动词辨析。A价值；B提高；C指导；D安排。这是一个极好的方式来提高你们所有人的英语能力。前文介绍了通用英语课程的教学内容，课堂教学方法，举办活动等等，可知任何人在其中学习，都会学到很多并能提高自己的英语能力。故选B。
【60题详解】
考查名词辨析。A感情；B想法；C冒险；D经历。这是一个极好的方式来提高你们所有人的英语能力，除了拥有一段梦幻般的经历外。结合全文的介绍，可知接受通用英语课程的教学，你会体验不同，教学形式轻松，多样化，这是一个非常好的经历，故选D。
考点：考察记叙文阅读
第二节 (共10小题,每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Every year, butterfly(蝴蝶) lovers in California go out in November to count monarch butterflies. They ____61____(get) a worrying result from their fall monarch count in 2018—____62____ number of monarchs had dropped by 86% since 2017.
The orange and black monarch butterflies are famous _____63_____ their long migrations(迁徒)—they fly thousands of miles every year. In the spring and summer they fly north; in the fall they fly south again.
Monarchs, like most butterflies, are _____64_____(terrible) important for plants. They help create more plants by spreading pollen(花粉) between plants. In turn, monarchs depend on plants for food. And they depend completely on a plant called milkweed _____65_____(lay) their eggs.
But monarchs have been facing growing problems for years. As more and more wild land has been turned into large farms, the monarchs have had trouble _____66_____(find) enough milkweed. Many farms also use chemicals _____67_____ will kill insects in order to protect their plants. These chemicals also affect monarchs. Besides, pollution has made milkweed less _____68_____(health) for the monarchs than it used to be.
Scientists say monarchs will be in danger of dying out in the next 20 years if nothing ____69____(do) to save them.
___70___(thing) that people can do to help include planting milkweed, controlling the use of chemicals, protecting wild areas, and planting trees.
【答案】61. got
62. the 63. for
64. terribly
65. to lay 66. finding
67. which/that
68. healthier
69. is done
70. Things
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲了帝王蝶这种蝴蝶的数量在下降，造成它们数量下降的原因、它们的重要性以及人们可以做些什么去拯救它们。
【61题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：他们在2018年秋季的帝王蝶得到了一个令人担忧的结果。2018年是过去时间，谓语动词用过去式，故填got。
【62题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：自从2017年帝王蝶的数量已经下降了86%。短语the number of“的数量”，故填the。
【63题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：橙色和黑色相间的帝王蝶因它们的长途迁徙而闻名。短语be famous for“因闻名”，故填for。
【64题详解】
考查副词。句意：帝王蝶和大多数蝴蝶一样，对植物非常重要。terrible意为糟糕的、非常严重的，是形容词，important意为重要的，是形容词，用副词修饰，terrible的副词形式是terribly，意为很、非常，故填terribly。
【65题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：它们完全依赖一种叫做乳草的植物产卵。短语depend onto do“依靠去做某事”，to do不定式表目的，故填to lay。
【66题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：随着越来越多的野生土地变成大型农场，帝王蝶很难找到足够乳草。have trouble doing“做某事有困难”，故填finding。
【67题详解】
考查定语从句连接词。句意：许多农场也使用杀虫剂来杀死昆虫，以保护他们的植物。chemicals在此指化学药品，是定语从句的先行词，定语从句中少主语成分，用关系代词，代指前面的名词并且指物应该用关系代词which/that，故填which/that。
【68题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：此外，污染使得乳草对帝王蝶的健康状况不如从前。less应修饰形容词比较级，health意为健康，是名词，其形容词形式是healthy，意为健康的，健康的的比较级是healthier，故填healthier。
【69题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：科学家表示，如果不采取措施拯救帝王蝶，它们将在未来20年面临灭绝的危险。此处事情是被做，用被动语态，结构为be done，if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，nothing意为什么也没有，谓语动词用单数，be动词的单数形式是is，故填is done。
【70题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：人们可以做的事情包括种植乳草，控制化学品的使用，保护野生地区，植树。后面列举出了很多人们可以做的事情，故此处可数名词thing用其复数形式，句首单词首字母大写，故填Things。
第四部分：单词拼写（满分10分）
根据给出的汉语或者首字母用单词的正确形式填空。
71. ________(犹豫) for a minute, I stood up and offered my seat to her.
72. Our headteacher was so s________ that we can never persuade him to change his mind.
73. It was a great r________ to find the children safe.
74. By _____________ (巧合) oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colors used in paintings look richer and deeper.
75. One of his ____________ (志向) is to become a minister.
76. Some films are full of v_________. Too much fighting is not good for young children.
77. Things are prettier only when they are appreciated at a d_________.
78. She has taught men and women of all ages and of various __________(国籍).
79. She never speaks ill of anyone in his or her ___________(缺席).
80. The school strives to treat students as individuals and to help each one to achieve their full p________.
【答案】71. Hesitating
72. stubborn
73. relief 74. coincidence
75. ambitions
76. violence
77. distance
78. nationalities
79. absence
80. potential
【解析】
考查单词拼写。
【71题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我犹豫了一会儿，站起来把座位让给了她。本句中hesitate做非谓语动词与逻辑主语I构成主动关系，故填现在分词Hesitating。
【72题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我们的班主任很固执，我们永远无法说服他改变主意。根据上文was以及下文we can never persuade him to change his mind（我们永远无法说服他改变主意。）可知应填形容词stubborn“固执的”。
【73题详解】
考查名词。句意：发现孩子们平安无事，真是一大安慰。根据下文find the children safe发现孩子们平安无事，因此是“一大安慰”，以及上文a可知应填名词relief“安慰；解脱”。
【74题详解】
考查名词。句意：巧合的是，油彩也是在这个时候发展起来的，这使得绘画中使用的颜色看起来更加丰富和深沉。短语by coincidence“碰巧；偶然地”，故填coincidence。
【75题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：他的抱负之一是当部长。根据上文his修饰名词可知应填名词，且one of后跟复数名词表示“……其中之一”，故填ambitions。
【76题详解】
考查名词。句意：有些电影充满暴力。过多的打斗对小孩子不好。根据下文Too much fighting is not good for young children.可推测“有些电影充满暴力”，过多的打斗对孩子不好，以及of为介词后跟名词作宾语，故填violence“暴力”。
【77题详解】
考查名词。句意：只有在远处欣赏时，事物才会更美。短语at a distance“在远处”，故填distance。
【78题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：她教过不同年龄、不同国籍的男女学生。nationality为可数名词，由various修饰，指不同国籍，所以应填nationnalities。故填复数形式nationalities。
【79题详解】
考查名词。句意：她从不在别人不在的时候说别人的坏话。根据上文his or her为形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填absence。
【80题详解】
考查形容词。句意：学校努力把学生当作独立的个体来对待，帮助每一个人充分发挥他们的潜力。短语full potential“充分发挥潜力”符合句意。故填potential。
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错(共 10 小题；每小题 l 分．满 分 10 分）
81.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词．
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．
Nowadays fewer students take exercise due to various reason and some students fall ill every now and then because of they are not healthy or strong enough． However， we should take exercise regularly to improve our health．
First of all， taking PE classes seriously． In PE classes we can build up our bodies with the careful guidance of PE teachers． Secondly， it is of great important to make it a routine to exercise after class or during breaks． In addition， it was also a good idea to join a sports club that you are interested．
As the old saying go， "The first wealth is health．" Let's do more exercise to live a better and healthy life．
【答案】1． reason改为reasons
2． 去掉of
3． However改为Therefore/Thus
4． taking改为take
5． with改为under
6． important改为importance
7． was改为is
8． 加in
9． go改为goes
10． healthy改为healthier
【解析】
【分析】
本文主要讲述很少有学生锻炼而容易生病，不够强壮．作者提出几条提高健康的建议：首先，慎重对待体育课；其次，课后定期锻炼；最后，参加感兴趣的体育俱乐部。
【详解】第一处：考查名词复数。句意：现在因为各种原因，很少有学生锻炼了。句中reason是可数名词，其前有various修饰时要用复数形式。故reason改为reasons。
第二处：考查词语用法。句意：很多学生因为不健康强壮，时而不时会生病。连词because意为"因为"，是连词，连接两个句子构成原因状语从句；介词短语because of意为"因为"，是介词，接名词或代词。句中使用了句子，此处应是前者。故去掉of。
第三处：考查副词。句意：现在因为各种原因，很少有学生锻炼了。很多学生因为不健康强壮，时而不时会生病。因此我们应该经常锻炼来改善健康。前后两个分句是因果关系，用副词Therefore/Thus。故要把However改为Therefore/Thus。
第四处：考查动词。句意：首先，要认真对待体育课。句中应该使用祈使句。在祈使句中要用动词原形，故要把taking改为take。
第五处：考查介词。句意：体育课上，在老师的指导下，我们可以锻炼身体。介词短语under the guidance of意为"在 …的指导下"是固定搭配。故with改为under。
第六处：考查固定句型。句意：第二，把下课或休息期间的锻炼当成一项常规很重要。固定结构“of+名词=形容词”，句中“of great importance”=important。所以要把important改为importance。
第七处：考查动词时态。句意：另外，参加你感兴趣的体育俱乐部也是一个好主意。因本文讲述的是一般事实，要用一般现在时态。故was改为is。
第八处：考查固定搭配。句意：另外，参加你感兴趣的体育俱乐部也是一个好主意。形容词短语be interested in意为"对…感兴趣"，是固定搭配。故加in。
第九处：考查主谓一致。句意：正如谚语所说“最大的财富是健康”。句中主语the old saying是单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式goes。故go改为goes。
第十处：考查形容词比较级。句意：让我们锻炼更多，过着更好更健康的生活。连词and是并列连词，它前后连接两个相同的语法成分，better和healthier是并列定语，都用形容词比较级。故healthy改为healthier。
【点睛】本文小题6考查了固定结构：“be + of +抽象名词”；该结构相当于“be+该抽象名词的形容词形式”，主要用来表示主语的性质．这一结构中的抽象名词前可用great， little， no， some， any， not much等修饰，以表示不同的程度，抽象名词常用importance，value， use等．故important改为importance．
例如：Learning English is of great value to those who are desperate to go abroad.
第二小节 书面表达（满分25分）
82.假定你是李华, 在某英文网站上看到一家国际文化机构招聘中学生暑期志愿者。请根据以下提示, 用英语写一封自荐信。要点包括：
(1) 表达兴趣；(2) 阐述自己的优势；(3)希望得到回复。
注意：(1)词数100左右（开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数)；
(2)可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
Dear Sir/Madam,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Sir/Madam,
I'm Li Hua, a middle school student from China. I'm writing to apply for the job as a summer volunteer that you have advertised on the Internet.
I've been learning English for ten years, so I can communicate with other members in fluent English. Besides, I'm outgoing and warm-hearted, which makes it easy for me to make friends with students from other countries. On top of that, I would be able to tell students from other countries about Chinese culture and learn about their culture as well.
I would appreciate an interview at your convenience. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇提纲类写作。要求写一封电子邮件。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封电子邮件；假定你是李华, 在某英文网站上看到一家国际文化机构招聘中学生暑期志愿者。请根据以下提示, 用英语写一封自荐信。要点包括：(1) 表达兴趣；(2) 阐述自己的优势；(3)希望得到回复。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：apply for（申请），summer volunteer（暑期自愿者），communicate with（交流）；make friends with（交朋友），be able to（能够）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如I'm writing to apply for the job as a summer volunteer that you have advertised on the Internet.运用了定语从句；I've been learning English for ten years, so I can communicate with other members in fluent English.运用了并列句。全文中没有中国式英语句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
铁人中学2017级高三学年上学期开学考试
英语试题
第一部分：单项填空（共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.【2018·江苏】Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
A. that B. where
C. which D. when
【答案】B
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：无人驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。故选B。
点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词。2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。
2.During the holiday I bought a CD player, _____ was rather reasonable.
A. its price B. of which price
C. the prices of which D. whose price
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我在暑假买了一个CD机，它的价格很合理。price和CDplayer是所属关系，即CD机的价格，whose作定语，放在名词之前，whose price可以转换为of which the price或the price of which。如果在横线前加上and，则变成了并列句，这时，正确答案是its price，故选D。
考点：考查非限制性定语从句
3.______ will be in charge of the meeting has not been decided yet.
A. What B. Which C. That D. Who
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意:将由谁来主持会议还没有决定。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导主语从句,且在从句中作主语,表示"谁",故用Who。故选D。
【点睛】名词性从句关键在于三点：一、找准从句在主句中充当的成分即分出是名词性从句的主语句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。二、连接词从句中充当的成分（主、宾、定或状语或不做任何成分）三、弄清楚每个连接词的意义。此外还要注意，近年来高考对于名词性从句的考查多从名词性从句的语序和连接词的用法区别上考查。
4.—I'll come to attend your lecture after I finish my class tomorrow.
—I'm afraid by then I will just have finished my lecture and ______ my guests in my office.
A. meet B. have met C. be meeting D. am meeting
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：——明天下课后我会来听你的讲座。——恐怕到那个时候我正好已经完成了我的讲座并且正在我的办公室里会见客人。根据句意可知,此处表示在将来的某个时刻正在进行的动作,故需用将来进行时，且根据上文will后跟动词原形。故选C。
5.Peking Duck, ______ as one of the best ways to eat the delicious duck, has earned a reputation both at home and abroad.
A. regarded B. regarding
C. being regarded D. to be regarded
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:北京烤鸭——被认为是最好的品尝美味的鸭肉的方式之一——享誉国内外。根据句意及分析句子结构可知,空处应填非谓语动词,且Peking Duck与regard之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故应用其过去分词在句中作后置定语。故选A。
6.Weather___________, we'll go out for a walk.
A. permitted B. permitting C. permits D. for permitting
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：天气允许的话，我们就出去散步。本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句，句中使用了逗号，且we小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格结构或with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立主格结构，其结构为：名词+分词。由于permit在这里翻译为“天气允许”，表主动，应用现在分词，故选B。
7.----Why do you look sad?
----There are so many problems __________.
A. remaining to settle B. remained settling
C. remaining to be settled D. remained to be settled
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：考查remain的用法。句意：你为什么看起来非常伤心？因为还有很多事情待处理。Remaining剩下的；sth remain to be done 某事有待于被做；本题是两个用法相结合形成remaining to be settled 修饰problems。故选C。
考点：考查remain的用法
8.Not until they were introduced to each other ______ they had met at a dinner party.
A. they realized B. had they realized
C. they had realized D. did they realize
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装。句意：直到他们互相介绍认识之后，他们才意识到他们是在一次宴会上认识的。not until结构放在句首时, 其后的主句用部分倒装结构。此空“意识到”的时间发生在“被互相介绍”之后, 根据were introduced可知此空应用一般过去时。故选D。
【点睛】until的常用句式
(1)肯定句(延续性动词)+until+句子.
I will wait until he returns. 我一直等他回来。
肯定句(延续性动词)+until+名词或名词短语.
I waited for him until 12 o’clock.
(2)否定句(瞬间动词)+until+句子.
My mother had no idea of it until I told her.
否定句(瞬间动词)+until+名词或名词短语.
I won’t leave until 12 o’clock.
(3)not. . . until强调句
结构: It is/was not until +从句/表时间的词语+that +肯定句.
It was not until I told her that my mother had any idea of it.
(4)not. . . until倒装句(具有否定意义的词或短语在句首, 句子部分倒装)
结构: Not until+从句/表时间的词语+主句(倒装)
Not until 12 o’clock will I leave.
9.Why are some brands more popular than others ______ the products are of similar quality?
A. as though B. even if C. so that D. in case
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：为什么即使产品很相似，一些品牌却比其他的更流行呢？A. as though好像；B. even if 即使，虽然；C. so that因此；D. in case 以防，万一。故B选项正确。
10.______ these conditions are fulfilled can the application proceed to the next stage.
A. Only if B. Now that C. Even though D. If only
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句。句意:只有满足这些条件,申请才会进入到下一阶段。根据句意和分析句子结构可知,此处用A. Only if"只要,只有"引导条件状语从句,从句用陈述语气,主句需部分倒装；B. Now that"既然"用于引导原因状语从句；C. Even though"即使"用于引导让步状语从句；D. If only"要是……就好了"用于引导条件状语从句。根据句意以及下文can the application proceed to the next stage主句为部分倒装可知本句为条件状语从句，故选A。
11.Jackie had his luggage ________ an hour before his plane left．
A. check B. checking C. to check D. checked
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：杰基在飞机起飞前一小时把行李托运了。短语have sth. done“让……被做”。逻辑主语是 his luggage和 check 的关系是被动，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故正确答案为D。
12.________ himself with routine tasks, he had no time to accompany his children.
A. Occupying B. Occupied
C. Being occupied D. To be occupied
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于忙于常规工作，他没有时间陪伴孩子。短语occupy oneself with sth 与be occupied with sth都是"忙于……；从事于"之意，本题前一分句作原因状语从句。若使用第一种表达方式（"他"与"从事"之间为主动关系，动词使用现在分词形式），则表达为：Occupying himself with…；若使用第二种表达方式（occupied作为形容词"繁忙的；没空的"，位于句首作状语），则表达为：Occupied with routine tasks，…综上，结合所给选项分析可知本题答案为A选项。
13.—Tony _______ what I did annoying though he didn’t say anything.
—So you think you will have to make an apology?
A. could find B. should have found
C. might find D. must have found
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词+完成式。句意：—Tony一定觉得我做的事很烦人，尽管他什么也没说。—所以你认为你得道歉?此处是对过去事情有把握的推测，must have done“一定是做某事了”，故选D。
【点睛】情态动词+ have done结构：
1.“must + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测,语气比较坚定,通常只用于肯定句.如：It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.
2.“can / could + have + 过去分词”表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定.can和could一般用于否定句和疑问句,could的语气较can弱.如：He can't have finished the work so soon.
3.“may / might + have + 过去分词”表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测,might的语气比may弱一点.这种结构主要用于肯定句和否定句,疑问句改用can或could.如：They may not have known it beforehand.
4.“need + have + 过去分词”表示过去做了不必做或不需要做的事情,或过去做某事纯属多余.如：I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came.
5.“should / ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去本该做某事但没做,其否定式表示过去不该做某事但做了,这种句式含有不满或责备之意,ought to的语气比should强一些.如：
You ought to / should have studied harder.你本应该更努力学习的.（但没有）
He oughtn't to / shouldn't have done that.他本来就不该做那件事.（可是做了）
6.“would ＋ have ＋ 过去分词”表示对过去的某种情况进行猜测,或本来要做某事却因某种原因未做成,通常用来说明某一情况,但不像用should或ought to那样含有责备之意.如：
I guess the poet would have been about twenty when she wrote her first poem.
Another worker wouldn't have acted like that.
14.Look,______ beautiful flowers_____ the girl carrying that she becomes the focus in the room.
A. such; are B. so; are C. such; is D. so; is
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查倒装句。句意：看啊，那个女孩拿着的花那么美丽以致于她成为了房间里的焦点。当 “so/such + 形容词/名词性成分”位于句首时，通常要部分倒装，即将助动词、情态动词、be 动词提至主语前。分析句子成分可知正确的顺序为 “the girl _____ carrying _____ beautiful flowers that ”。即句子中缺少 be 动词，主语为 the girl，故 be 动词应用 is。beautiful flowers 的中心词为 flowers，为名词性成分，故用 such 来修饰；而 so 通常后接形容词，此处若用 so，则句子应为 so beautiful the flowers is the girl carrying ，so 修饰 beautiful，the flowers 为宾语，故此处 so 不正确。故选C。
【点睛】部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
(1)表示否定意义的副词、介词短语和连词放在句首时要部分倒装。此类副词或连词主要有no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not only…but also…, hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, not until…等。如：
Never have I seen such a performance. 我从未见过这样的表演。
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 直到孩子睡着了，母亲才离开房间。
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就开始下雨了。
(2)当so/neither/nor位于句首时，表示“也”、“也不”，可将其后与前面重复的谓语部分置于主语之前，构成部分倒装。如：
Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 汤姆会说法语。杰克也可以。
If you won’t go, neither will I. 如果你不去，我也不去。
(3)only修饰状语时的部分倒装
“only+状语/状语从句”位于句首时，句子的主语和谓语或主句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。如：
Only in this way can you learn English well. 只有以这种方法，我们才能学好英语。
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 他被问了三次才来参加会议。
Only when he returned did we find out the truth. 只有当他回来时，我们才查明了真相。
(4)在so… that…句式中，如果so位于句首，主句中的主语和谓语需部分倒装。如：
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他太害怕了以至于一动也不敢动。
(5)在虚拟条件句中，从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，if可省略，将were, had, should移到主语之前，构成部分倒装。如：
Were I you, I would try it again. 如果我是你，我会再试一次。
(6)as/though引导让步状语从句时置于句首时，采用形式倒装，即把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。如：
①表语倒装
Tired as/though he was, he still went on with his work. 尽管他很累，他还是继续工作。
②谓语动词的倒装
Try as he might, he didn’t pass the exam. 尽管很用功，但他考试还是不及格。
③状语的倒装
Much as he likes the bike, he doesn’t want to buy it. 他虽然很喜欢那辆自行车，但不想买它。
注意：如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语，不再用冠词。如：
Child as he is, he knows a lot. 尽管他是孩子，但他懂得很多。
Youngest as he is in our class, he speaks English the best. 他虽然是我们班年龄最小的，但英语说得最好。
15.Of the 2000 stock investors _______ last month, 90% was found _______ financial knowledge.
A. surveyed; lacking B. having been surveyed; to lack
C. surveyed; lacked D. to have been surveyed; lack
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在去年受调查的2000个股票投资人之中，90%被发现缺少经济知识。根据句意可知第一空用非谓语动词作定语，stock investors和survey是被动关系，用过去分词作定语；第二空用find+宾语+宾语补足语的结构，90% of the stock investors和lack是主动关系，用现在分词作主语补足语。故选A。
16.The government required that every effort ____to bring down house prices.
A. should make B. would be made C. be made D. must be made
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：政府紧急督促要尽一切努力降低房价。此处require后宾语从句用should+动词原形形式，should被省略；宾语从句还是make every effort to do sth被动形式。故选C。
【点睛】后接虚拟语气的常见词
1）在 insist, order, command, suggest, propose, advise, desire, demand, require, request, order, prefer, propose, recommend 等表示“命令，决定，建议”等动词以及由这些动词引申的名词或形容词引导的 that 从句中，要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 should + 动词原形，其中 should 可以省略，主句中的时态不限。
例如：He ordered that all the books be sent at once.
She insisted that she go to the south for her holiday.
2）类似用法的还有 advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, necessary, obligatory, proper 等形容词；decision, decree, demand, instruction, order, requirement, resolution 等名词。其后引导的 that 从句均用虚拟语气，其谓语动词形式为 should + 动词原形，其中 should 可以省略，主句中的时态不限。例如：
It was appropriate that this tax be abolished.
Their decision was that the school remain closed.
3）请注意，当这些词语不是用于表示“命令，决定，建议”的含义时，所引导从句不用虚拟语气。
17.He expressed his hope ___ he would visit China again the next year, and this was the very hope ___ he expressed as soon as he arrived in the country.
A. that; that B. which; which
C. that; which D. which; that
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：考查名词性从句。句意：他表达了他希望明天能再来中国，这是他一到这个国家唯一的一种希望。第一空:that引导同位语从句。第二空:that引导定语从句。因为先行词有the very 修饰,故不可用which，故选A项。
考点 : 考查名词性从句
18.It’s no use _______ my husband ________ money. He won’t take your advice.
A. to argue with; about B. arguing about; with
C. arguing with; about D. to argue about; with
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句式和固定短语。句意：和我的丈夫争论钱是没有用的，他不会采纳你的建议的。固定句式It is no use doing sth表示“做某事没有用”；固定短语argue with sb about sth表示“因为某事与某人争论”。故C正确。
19.I did better, but I still wasn't as focused as I ________.
A. should do B. should have been
C. should be D. should have done
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我做得更好了，但我仍然没有像我应该的那样专注。根据句意和did better可知表示对过去的虚拟语气，排除A、C选项；should have done意为"本应该做某事而没有做"，且根据短语be focused on“集中于；专注”，故选B。
20.The boys knew they had broken the rules, and they were ______ but happy when called to the office.
A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：男孩们知道他们违反了规定，当被叫到办公室时，他们一点也不高兴。短语anything but“根本不；一点不”。故选B。
第二部分阅读理解（共两节20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
第一节：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The Z Hotel is in the heart of London’s West End and has comfortable accommodation in a contemporary design.
All rooms include handcrafted beds, 48-inch Samsung HD TVs with free Sky Sports and Movie channels, and free Wi-Fi. Each room also has under-bed storage for an overnight bag, and wall-mounted hanging space for clothing. The Z Hotel also offers wheelchair accessible rooms.
Continental breakfast is served in The Z Café every morning, including smoked salmon, fresh bread, fresh fruit salad and bacon rolls. A selection of salads, sandwiches and hot dishes are on offer throughout the day.
The hotel is a 5-minute walk from Prince of Wales Theatre and Chinatown London, Leicester Square, Piccadilly Circus and Trafalgar Square. Heathrow Airport can be reached directly from Piccadilly Circus Underground Station.
This is our guests’ favorite part of London, according to independent reviews. This area is also great for shopping, with popular brands nearby: Apple, H&M, Zara, Burberry and Chanel.
The Z Hotel is rated for the best value in London! Guests are getting more for their money when compared to other hotels in this city. Come and stay with us!
Most popular facilities:
◆luggage storage ◆Heating ◆Free Wi-Fi ◆Air conditioning
◆24-hour front desk ◆Daily maid service ◆Parking ◆Lift
Prices:
Room type
Prices
Options
Double room--non-smoking
￡179
·Non-refundable(不退款)
·Good Breakfast￡9.50
Twin Room--non-smoking
￡185
·Non-refundable
·Good Breakfast￡9.50
Queen Room --disability access
￡219
·Pay at the hotel
(no prepayment needed)
·Good Breakfast included
21. When staying in this hotel, you will enjoy all of the following EXCEPT________.
A. free Wi-Fi B. a TV with some free channels
C. airport pick-up service D. under-bed storage space
22. If a man in a wheelchair wants to stay in this hotel for two nights, he should pay ________.
A. ￡438 B. ￡404
C. ￡358 D. ￡370
23. From the passage we can learn ________.
A. the hotel is close to Heathrow Airport
B. the hotel serves Chinese-style breakfast
C. the hotel is good value for guests’ money
D. there is a shop with popular brands in the hotel
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. C
【解析】
这是一篇广告布告类阅读。文章介绍了伦敦Z酒店的酒店设施、服务以及价格。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。答案定位在第二段All rooms include handcrafted beds, 48-inch Samsung HD TVs with free Sky Sports and Movie channels, and free Wi-Fi. Each room also has under-bed storage for an overnight bag, and wall-mounted hanging space for clothing.可知住在这家旅馆时，不包括机场接送服务，故选C。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Prices 表格中Queen Room—disability access £219，219*2=438，故选A。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据The Z Hotel is rated for the best value in London! Guests are getting more for their money when compared to other hotels in this city.（Z饭店被评为伦敦最有价值的饭店。与这个城市的其他旅馆相比，客人们的钱花得更值。）由此推知这家旅馆物有所值，故选C。
B
Actors Keira Knightley and Kristen Bell have both commented on their worries about using Disney princesses as role models for their children.
On a famous talk show, Knightley said her daughter (who was born in 2015) was “banned” from watching Cinderella, which Disney produced as a cartoon in 1950 and a live-action film in 2015. “Cinderella waits around for a rich guy to rescue her. Don’t. Rescue yourself! Obviously.”
Knightley added that she had also forbidden The Little Mermaid, the 1989 cartoon. “This is the one that I’m quite annoyed about because I really like the film. I mean, the songs are great, but do not give up your voice for a man. Well, that’s a little difficult to handle, but I’m keeping to it.”
Bell, the star of Frozen, expressed her disapproval of the Snow White fairy tale, which became a classic Disney cartoon in 1938. In an interview with parents, Bell said: “I look at my girls and ask, ‘Don’t you think it’s very unusual that Snow White didn’t ask the old witch why she needed to eat the apple? Or where she got that apple?’ I say, ‘I would never take food from a stranger, would you?’ And my kids respond, ‘No!’ And I think I’m doing something right.”
Bell, who played a Disney princess in Frozen, said she also used the story to illustrate issues about permission. She says that she asked her children: “Don’t you think that it’s very strange that the prince kisses Snow White without her permission? … Because you cannot kiss someone if they’re sleeping!”
Bell later responded to criticism on social media. To one user she wrote: “Everything is a message to our children, because they are sponges(海绵) that soak up everything and are learning how to be adults through what they see. I want my girls to see and practice critical thinking and respectful behavior.”
24. Why did Knightley stop her daughter from watching The Little Mermaid?
A. Because Knightley disliked it.
B. Because the little mermaid was tricky.
C. Because the film showed wrong values.
D. Because the songs in the film were annoying.
25. What can we infer about Bell from Paragraph 4?
A. Bell thought Snow White behaved well.
B. Bell didn’t know how to persuade her kids.
C. Bell wanted her kids to learn from Snow White.
D. Bell believed her kids should be critical about the film.
26. What qualities do Knightley and Bell expect their children to have?
A. Curious and hard-working. B. Smart and generous.
C. Independent and good-mannered. D. Critical and proud.
27. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Say No to Disney Princesses
B. Rescue Yourselves
C. Doing Something Right
D. Practice Critical Thinking
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. C 27. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。Keira Knightley and Kristen Bell禁止孩子们看迪士尼公主的电影，并进行评判，认为迪士尼公主不应该作为孩子们的典范。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中第二段“Knightley added that she had also forbidden The Little Mermaid….but I’m keeping to it.” Knightley禁止孩子看小美人鱼不是因为不喜欢这部电影，而是对电影传达的价值观“为了一个男人而放弃自己的声音”不赞同，故选C。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章“In an interview with parents, Bell said: “I look at my girls and ask, ‘Don’t you think it’s very unusual that Snow White didn’t ask the old witch why she needed to eat the apple? Or where she got that apple?’ I say, ‘I would never take food from a stranger, would you?’ And my kids respond, ‘No!’ And I think I’m doing something right.”可知Bell对于白雪公主是持批判态度的，并且孩子对她问题的回答可确定Bell认为孩子对这部电影应该是持批判态度的，故选D。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。通过Keira Knightley and Kristen Bell对迪士尼电影Cinderella，The Little Mermaid， Snow White fairy tale进行评论，认为女孩应该独立，不能因为男人放弃自己的宝贵品质，故选C。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。文章大意是Keira Knightley and Kristen Bell禁止孩子们看迪士尼公主的电影，并进行评判，认为迪士尼公主不应该作为孩子们的典范。标题一般与文章主旨紧密联系，而且文章中反复强调对迪士尼公主的批判，故A适合做标题。
【点睛】标题归纳题属于主旨大意题的一种。标题一般与文章主旨相关，用来点明主题，因此要确定文章的标题，第一，阅读全文，总结文章主旨大意；第二，看选项是否与主题相关，而不能是文章中的某个细节，标题不能范围过大或者过小，并且还要有吸引力。例如文章中的小题4，A选项与文章主题相关，而且标题新颖，能够吸引读者，而BCD都是文章中的某个细节的评论，需排除。
C
When you need a job very much, you may end up taking one for which you are over qualified. Although you were initially grateful just to have the work, you now feel bored and depressed. Is there any way to change that?
Start by changing your opinion, says Caitlin Kelly, the author of Malled, a book based on her experience as a sales clerk after losing her job in journalism. “Don’t focus on what you’re not getting but what you are getting,” she says. “Be patient and work attentively with a wide range of people. It doesn’t matter what the job is –there are always things you can learn and skills you can develop.”
Hilary Pearl, the founder of a coaching firm, says, “Tell yourself the current situation isn’t the end of your career. Don’t overdramatize（过分夸大）the negative aspects but try to view the situation more philosophically: life has a series of stages, and this is one of them. Don’t forget to study even in the worst stage.”
Consider that because you’re overqualified, you may be able to learn or do things on the job that might not have been possible in a more demanding position, says Sarah Hathorn, the chief executive of Illustra Consulting. “You could spend your extra time in learning different aspects of the business and teaching others in the organization,” she says.
Is it possible to make your work more challenging, even if your job responsibilities aren’t likely to change?
Of course, you may seek tasks and responsibilities that force you to learn something new or to work harder. “You may be operating on autopilot（习惯性地）right now, but chances are that people above you are stressed,” Sarah Hathorn says. “________28________and let him know which projects or tasks you want to learn more about.”
Always express your request positively, saying that you love new challenges, rather than complaining that you’re bored and underused, says Ethun, the president of the Park Avenue Group. In your down time, educate yourself about the company and its industry. “Read corporate information, analyst reports and related news articles,” she says. “If your boss accepts your suggestions, it will make you a more valuable employee.”
28. According to Caitlin Kelly, ______.
A. one should be willing to do some small things
B. being a salesman is not as important as being a journalist
C. performing your regular duties well is important
D. doing a simple job well will bring you a sense of success
29. What Hilary Pearl intends to express is that ______.
A. work is just a stage of our whole life
B. the present job doesn’t matter to us in a long run
C. one should be satisfied with his present situation
D. one should look forward instead of complaining about the present situation
30. The underlined words “take things off your boss’s plate” mean______.
A. draw your boss’s attention B. share your boss’s burdens
C. give your boss useful advice D. ask your boss for a better position
31. What is the common view about careers of the people mentioned in this passage?
A. One should start his career from doing a simple job.
B. One should improve himself and help others as well.
C. One should keep learning new things to improve himself.
D. One should pay much attention to the relationship with the boss.
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. B 31. C
【解析】
试题分析：本文叙述了当你想换一项工作时，短文给出了一些专家的建议，首先应该关注你已有的工作，不要只注意没有得到的工作，把自己本质的工作做好是最重要的；不要过分扩大的它的负面的作用，而要用哲学明智地去看待它；寻找工作机会时要迫使你去学习新东西，可以做别人做不了的事情，为老板减轻压力；要积极表达自己的请求,说你喜欢新的挑战,而不是抱怨说自己是心烦的和没有充分发挥自己的才能,在自己业余的时间要好好地学习提高自己的业务水平。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据Don’t focus on what you’re not getting but what you are getting,把你的本质工作做好是最重要的，故选C。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据life has a series of stages, and this is one of them. 故选D。
【30题详解】
词义猜测题。根据let him know which projects or tasks you want to learn more about 你能与老板分担忧愁，故选B。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据Don’t forget to study even in the worst stage 和In your down time, educate yourself about the company and its industry.可知一个人应该不断地学习来充实提高自己的业务技能，故选C。
考点：人生百味类短文阅读。
点评：句意猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查根据上下文语境的分析和把握能力。考查内容主要有猜测某个生词、熟词生义、短语或句子的意思以及猜测代词的指代等。
D
Public Health England (PHE) is targeting pizzas, ready meals, ready meat and takeaways. The government has also required the food industry to start using healthier food and encourage the public to opt for lower calorie foods.
It is all part of an effort to cut calorie (卡路里) intake by 20% by 2024. The target will point to 13 different food groups, which are equal to about a fifth of the calorie taken by children. If action is not taken, PHE said, it would be prepared to ask the government to pass laws.
PHE would be strictly monitoring progress by looking at which products people were buying and would be prepared to punish companies which do not take their duties. The government is also organizing a program encouraging adults to consume (消耗) 400 calories at breakfast and 600 each at lunch and dinner.
At present, adults consume between 200 and 300 calories more than they should each day. PHE chief nutritionist Dr Alison Redstone said the 400-600-600 tip would make it easier for “people to make healthier choices" by being able to judge what they should be eating in each sitting.
How many calories should we eat? It is suggested that women eat no more than 2,000 calories a day, while men should limit their intake to 2,500. For children, it depends on age. A four-year-old should consume no more than 1,300, while for teens aged 17 and 18, it is about 3,000, but overweight children are eating up to 500 calories more than that.
Prof Russell Viner, of the Royal College of Pediatrics and Child Health, said it was a necessary move. He said, "Over the past 40 years, there had been a slow growth in food sizes, with pizzas and hamburgers simply much bigger than they were in our parents' time." The convenience of fast food at pocket money prices and the advertisement of unhealthy food and drinks to children add to the problem.
32. What does the underlined word "opt" in Paragraph 1 mean?
A. Sell. B. Produce.
C. Choose. D. Inspect.
33. What will happen to a company if it encourages high calorie food?
A. It will be punished by customers.
B. It will be forced to stop producing foods.
C. It will be punished by Public Health England.
D. It will be asked to throw away all the food
34. Which of the following people should take in the most calories?
A. Teens aged 18. B. Babies.
C. Middle-aged women. D. Old men.
35. What can be inferred from the text?
A. The government has passed laws about eating healthier food.
B. PHE is concerned about the British health problems.
C. Hamburgers are not bigger than before.
D. Men should eat no more than 2,000 calories a day.
【答案】32. C 33. C 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了英国公共卫生部门要求食品行业开始使用更健康的食品，并鼓励公众选择低卡路里食品。
【32题详解】
词义猜测题。划线词所在的句子The government has also required the food industry to start using healthier food and encourage the public to opt for lower calorie foods.意思是政府还要求食品行业开始使用更健康的食品，并鼓励公众选择低卡路里食品。“opt”意思是选择，故选C。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段PHE would be strictly monitoring progress by looking at which products people were buying and would be prepared to punish companies which do not take their duties.可知如果一个公司鼓励高热量食物，它将受到英国公共卫生部门的惩罚，故选C。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。倒数第二段It is suggested that women eat no more than 2,000 calories a day, while men should limit their intake to 2,500. For children, it depends on age. A four-year-old should consume no more than 1,300, while for teens aged 17 and 18, it is about 3,000, but overweight children are eating up to 500 calories more than that.（建议女性每天摄入的热量不要超过2000卡路里，而男性应该限制在2500卡路里。对于孩子来说，这取决于年龄。一个4岁的孩子摄入的热量应该不超过1300卡路里，而对于17岁和18岁的青少年，这个数字大约是3000卡路里，但是超重的孩子摄入的热量要比这个数字多500卡路里。）由此可知，18岁的青少年应该摄入最多的卡路里，故选A。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。答案定位在第三段PHE would be strictly monitoring progress by looking at which products people were buying and would be prepared to punish companies which do not take their duties.（公共卫生部门将通过观察人们购买哪些产品来严格监控进展，并准备惩罚那些不履行职责的公司。）由此推断出公共卫生部门关注英国人的健康问题，故选B。
【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为
① 定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用refer to，be called或that’s to say，such as等。
② 逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly,the same as,but,however,while,on the other hand,since ,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。
③ 语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。
④ 语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。
⑤ 指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。
如第一小题，划线词所在的句子The government has also required the food industry to start using healthier food and encourage the public to opt for lower calorie foods.意思是政府还要求食品行业开始使用更健康的食品，并鼓励公众选择低卡路里食品。“opt”意思是选择，故选C。
第二节：任务型阅读。根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项，请把答案写在答题卡上。
If you need to prove who you are in China, you will usually need to use an ID card. It shows your name, date of birth, address, nationality, photo and ID number. ___36___
On April 17, Alipay introduces its first electronic ID card. The card is an electronic version of real ID card and is recognized by Ministry of Public Security. ______37______ Users can simply select “Web ID” in the app and follow the instructions.
The electronic ID card can now be used in Hangzhou, Suzhou and Fuzhou. People in these three cities can use the card to check into hotels, buy train tickets and do other tasks _____38_____.
About 4 million people will be able to use the service within the next year. “_____39_____Even if they forget their ID cards, they can still get things done. Since the process is simplified, it also makes things easier for government offices and companies,” Tang Feifan, mayor of Suzhou, told Zhangjie online.
It’s safe to use Alipay’s new service, in case you are worried that someone might steal your identity. ____40____Then, you have to pass both a fingerprint and facial recognition scan before you can use the electronic ID card.
A. This gives people another choice.
B. The safety of the electronic ID card is the main concern.
C. They don’t have to show their standard ID card anymore.
D. But not all people have welcomed the electronic ID card.
E. But now, you can prove your identity using your smartphone.
F. It’s quite easy to get an electronic ID card by using the Alipay app.
G. First, you must unlock your phone, and enter your Alipay password.
【答案】36. E 37. F
38. C 39. A
40. G
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。4月17日，支付宝推出了第一张电子身份证。该卡为电子版本的真实身份证，经公安部认可。并介绍了电子身份证给了人们另一种办事的选择，并带给人们便利。
【36题详解】
根据下文On April 17, Alipay introduces its first electronic ID card. The card is an electronic version of real ID card and is recognized by Ministry of Public Security.（4月17日，支付宝推出了第一张电子身份证。该卡为电子版本的真实身份证，经公安部认可。）介绍了一种新的用你的智能手机证明你的身份的方式。故选E符合语境。
【37题详解】
根据下文Users can simply select “Web ID” in the app and follow the instructions.（用户只需在应用程序中选择“Web ID”并按照说明操作即可。）可知使用支付宝app很容易获得电子身份证。故选F。
【38题详解】
根据上文People in these three cities can use the card to check into hotels, buy train tickets and do other tasks（这三个城市的人们可以用这张卡入住酒店、购买火车票和做其他事情。）可知使用电子身份证的人不再需要出示他们的标准身份证就可以处理日常事务。故选C。
【39题详解】
根据下文Even if they forget their ID cards, they can still get things done.（即使他们忘了带身份证，他们仍然可以把事情办好。）可知电子身份证给了人们另一种办事情的选择。故选A。
【40题详解】
根据下文Then, you have to pass both a fingerprint and facial recognition scan before you can use the electronic ID card.（然后，你必须通过指纹和面部识别扫描，然后才能使用电子身份证。）中的then可对应到G选项的first， 表示“首先，您必须解锁您的手机，并输入您的支付宝密码。”代入符合语境。故选G。
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空 (共20小题；每小题l．5分，满分30分)
When studying in Australia, do not worry about understanding the local language．General English programs are offered to help you___41___English．As a General English___42___at Greenwich College，I will tell you what you can learn from these programs．
I teach English at all levels from___43___to advanced．My classes usually___44___with a fun activity．We play vocabulary and grammar___45___．Sometimes we listen to Australian___46___and decide if we like the lyrics(歌词)．After we have all___47___up，we move onto the grammar or vocabulary of the day．We___48___it through writing or speaking.
We___49___on our other skills(reading，writing or listening)in the afternoon，and use these skills to better understand the grammar or vocabulary．___50___at the end of the day, we talk about___51___to live and work in Australia．We discuss the problems，___52___how to understand different accents．new words and make new friends．If there are any problems，we help each other, offering advice and___53___
General English also offers___54___classes to improve your speaking ability．We offer special grammar and conversation classes，as well as a movie club! You can also come with us to the Opera House，the beach，the zoo or even to a museum.
If you feel___55___about using your spoken English，don’t worry! Everyone feels the___56___．So，in General English we have activities that___57___you talking to classmates，excursions(远足)that___58___your confidence，and student parties that help you talk to others.
It's a great way to___59___all you English skills as well as have a fantastic___60___Maybe I’ll see you in my class soon．
41. A. test B. grasp C. cover D. teach
42. A. student B. worker C. teacher D. guide
43. A. beginners B. 1earners C. courses D. subjects
44. A. deal B. work C. compete D. start
45. A. toys B. sports C. games D. music
46. A. songs B. dialogues C. news D. reports
47. A. turned B. shut C. looked D. warmed
48. A. catch B. practice C. appreciate D. enjoy
49. A. depend B. keep C. focus D. base
50. A. Firstly B. Secondly C. Thirdly D. Finally
51. A. why B. how C. when D. whether
52. A. including B. remaining C. deciding D. judging
53. A. house B. disadvantage C. support D. challenge
54. A. 1istening B. writing C. accent D. reading
55. A. nervous B. comfortable C. excited D. proud
56. A. opposite B. fixed C. same D. forced
57. A. take B. imagine C. get D. remind
58. A. build B. catch C. appreciate D. draw
59. A. value B. improve C. instruct D. arrange
60. A. feeling B. thought C. adventure D. experience
【答案】41. B 42. C 43. A 44. D 45. C 46. A 47. D 48. B 49. C 50. D 51. B 52. A 53. C 54. C 55. A 56. C 57. C 58. A 59. B 60. D
【解析】
试题分析：本文以一位老师的视角，介绍了在澳大利亚学习时，去上通用英语课程的课，你可以从中学到的东西。
【41题详解】
考查动词辨析。A.试验、测验；B.抓住、领会；C.包括、覆盖；D.教。普通英语课程帮助学习英语。根据前文When studying in Australia, do not worry about understanding the local language．当在澳大利亚学习时，不用担心理解当地语言。故选B。
【42题详解】
考查名词辨析。A学生；B工人；C教师；D向导、导游。作为格林尼治大学的一名通用英语老师，我会告诉你能从这些课程中学到什么。结合下文I teach English at all levels from to advanced．我教各等级的英语，可知“我”是一位老师，故选C。
【43题详解】
考查名词辨析。A初学者；B学者；C课程；D学科。我教各水平的英语，从初学者到高级的，故选A。
【44题详解】
考查动词辨析。A解决；B工作；C竞争；D开始。我的课通常以有趣的活动开始。因为是My classes，故可知是选start，start with，以……开始。故选D。
【45题详解】
考查名词辨析。A玩具；B运动；C游戏；D音乐。我们玩词汇和语法游戏。根据上文，我的课以有趣的活动开始，故此处是指游戏。故选C。
【46题详解】
考查名词辨析。A歌曲；B对话；C新闻；D报告。有时我们听听澳大利亚歌曲，然后决定是否我们喜欢歌词。根据后文的lyrics(歌词)，故选A。
【47题详解】
考查up动词短语辨析。A出现、调大；B关闭；C仰望、查阅；D热身、准备运动。我们做完所有的准备活动后，我们进入的语法或词汇的一天。前面所提到的玩游戏，听歌这些都属于课前的准备活动，故选D。
【48题详解】
考查动词辨析。A抓住，赶上；B练习；C欣赏、感谢；D喜欢、享受。我们通过写作和说话交流练习词汇和语法。由于前文提到，一天的课程主要是词汇和语法，故选B。
【49题详解】
考查on动词短语辨析。A依赖、依靠；B继续；C集中于；D基于、以……为根据。下午我们专注在其他的技能 （阅读、 写作和听力)，并且使用这些技能，以更好地理解语法和词汇。上午主要是写作或者口语，故下午练习的重点转移，故选D。
【50题详解】
考查副词辨析。A第一；B第二；C第三；D最后。根据后文at the end of the day,在一天结束时，故可知此处应是最后，最终。故选D。
【51题详解】
考查连词辨析。A为什么；B如何；C什么时候；D是否。在一天结束时，我们谈论如何在澳大利亚生活和工作。由下文We discuss the problems，52how to understand different accents．new words and make new friends．我们讨论问题，52 如何理解不同的口音，新单词和结交新朋友。可知此处应填how。故选B。
【52题详解】
考查非谓语动词辨析。A包括；B保持；C决定；D判决。我们讨论这些问题，包括如何理解不同的口音，新单词和结交新朋友。要讨论的问题有很多，而提到的只是一部分，故选A。
【53题详解】
考查名词辨析。A房子；B缺点；C支持；D挑战。如果有任何问题，我们互相帮助，提供咨询意见并给予支持。在澳大利亚学习，且来上通用英语课程的都是异国他乡的人，当然是互相帮忙，给予一定的支持，故选C。
【54题详解】
考查名词辨析。A听力；B写作；C口音；D阅读。通用英语还提供口音课程来提高你的口语表达能力。因为是要提高口语表达能力，故提供口音课程，故选C。
【55题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A紧张的；B舒适的；C兴奋的；D自豪的。如果你觉得使用你的英语口语紧张，别担心！学英语作为第二语言，用英语跟别人讲话时，都会觉得紧张的，故选A。
【56题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A相反的；B固定的；C一样的；D被迫的、强迫的。每个人都是感觉相同的。前文提到用英语跟别人讲话时，你可能会觉得紧张的，其实每个人都会觉得紧张，故选C。
【57题详解】
考查动词辨析。A拿、取；B想象；C使得、获得；D提醒、使想起。在通用英语课程里，我们有活动使你跟同学们交谈。get的用法，get sb doing ，使/让某人做，故选C。
【58题详解】
考查动词辨析。A建立；B抓住、赶上；C欣赏、感激；D画、吸引。在通用英语课程里，我们有活动使你跟同学们交谈，有短途旅行 （远足）增强你的信心和同学聚会，帮助你和别人说话。建立自信，增强信心，故选A。
【59题详解】
考查动词辨析。A价值；B提高；C指导；D安排。这是一个极好的方式来提高你们所有人的英语能力。前文介绍了通用英语课程的教学内容，课堂教学方法，举办活动等等，可知任何人在其中学习，都会学到很多并能提高自己的英语能力。故选B。
【60题详解】
考查名词辨析。A感情；B想法；C冒险；D经历。这是一个极好的方式来提高你们所有人的英语能力，除了拥有一段梦幻般的经历外。结合全文的介绍，可知接受通用英语课程的教学，你会体验不同，教学形式轻松，多样化，这是一个非常好的经历，故选D。
考点：考察记叙文阅读
第二节 (共10小题,每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Every year, butterfly(蝴蝶) lovers in California go out in November to count monarch butterflies. They ____61____(get) a worrying result from their fall monarch count in 2018—____62____ number of monarchs had dropped by 86% since 2017.
The orange and black monarch butterflies are famous _____63_____ their long migrations(迁徒)—they fly thousands of miles every year. In the spring and summer they fly north; in the fall they fly south again.
Monarchs, like most butterflies, are _____64_____(terrible) important for plants. They help create more plants by spreading pollen(花粉) between plants. In turn, monarchs depend on plants for food. And they depend completely on a plant called milkweed _____65_____(lay) their eggs.
But monarchs have been facing growing problems for years. As more and more wild land has been turned into large farms, the monarchs have had trouble _____66_____(find) enough milkweed. Many farms also use chemicals _____67_____ will kill insects in order to protect their plants. These chemicals also affect monarchs. Besides, pollution has made milkweed less _____68_____(health) for the monarchs than it used to be.
Scientists say monarchs will be in danger of dying out in the next 20 years if nothing ____69____(do) to save them.
___70___(thing) that people can do to help include planting milkweed, controlling the use of chemicals, protecting wild areas, and planting trees.
【答案】61. got
62. the 63. for
64. terribly
65. to lay 66. finding
67. which/that
68. healthier
69. is done
70. Things
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲了帝王蝶这种蝴蝶的数量在下降，造成它们数量下降的原因、它们的重要性以及人们可以做些什么去拯救它们。
【61题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：他们在2018年秋季的帝王蝶得到了一个令人担忧的结果。2018年是过去时间，谓语动词用过去式，故填got。
【62题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：自从2017年帝王蝶的数量已经下降了86%。短语the number of“的数量”，故填the。
【63题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：橙色和黑色相间的帝王蝶因它们的长途迁徙而闻名。短语be famous for“因闻名”，故填for。
【64题详解】
考查副词。句意：帝王蝶和大多数蝴蝶一样，对植物非常重要。terrible意为糟糕的、非常严重的，是形容词，important意为重要的，是形容词，用副词修饰，terrible的副词形式是terribly，意为很、非常，故填terribly。
【65题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：它们完全依赖一种叫做乳草的植物产卵。短语depend onto do“依靠去做某事”，to do不定式表目的，故填to lay。
【66题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：随着越来越多的野生土地变成大型农场，帝王蝶很难找到足够乳草。have trouble doing“做某事有困难”，故填finding。
【67题详解】
考查定语从句连接词。句意：许多农场也使用杀虫剂来杀死昆虫，以保护他们的植物。chemicals在此指化学药品，是定语从句的先行词，定语从句中少主语成分，用关系代词，代指前面的名词并且指物应该用关系代词which/that，故填which/that。
【68题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：此外，污染使得乳草对帝王蝶的健康状况不如从前。less应修饰形容词比较级，health意为健康，是名词，其形容词形式是healthy，意为健康的，健康的的比较级是healthier，故填healthier。
【69题详解】
考查动词时态语态。句意：科学家表示，如果不采取措施拯救帝王蝶，它们将在未来20年面临灭绝的危险。此处事情是被做，用被动语态，结构为be done，if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，nothing意为什么也没有，谓语动词用单数，be动词的单数形式是is，故填is done。
【70题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：人们可以做的事情包括种植乳草，控制化学品的使用，保护野生地区，植树。后面列举出了很多人们可以做的事情，故此处可数名词thing用其复数形式，句首单词首字母大写，故填Things。
第四部分：单词拼写（满分10分）
根据给出的汉语或者首字母用单词的正确形式填空。
71. ________(犹豫) for a minute, I stood up and offered my seat to her.
72. Our headteacher was so s________ that we can never persuade him to change his mind.
73. It was a great r________ to find the children safe.
74. By _____________ (巧合) oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colors used in paintings look richer and deeper.
75. One of his ____________ (志向) is to become a minister.
76. Some films are full of v_________. Too much fighting is not good for young children.
77. Things are prettier only when they are appreciated at a d_________.
78. She has taught men and women of all ages and of various __________(国籍).
79. She never speaks ill of anyone in his or her ___________(缺席).
80. The school strives to treat students as individuals and to help each one to achieve their full p________.
【答案】71. Hesitating
72. stubborn
73. relief 74. coincidence
75. ambitions
76. violence
77. distance
78. nationalities
79. absence
80. potential
【解析】
考查单词拼写。
【71题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我犹豫了一会儿，站起来把座位让给了她。本句中hesitate做非谓语动词与逻辑主语I构成主动关系，故填现在分词Hesitating。
【72题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我们的班主任很固执，我们永远无法说服他改变主意。根据上文was以及下文we can never persuade him to change his mind（我们永远无法说服他改变主意。）可知应填形容词stubborn“固执的”。
【73题详解】
考查名词。句意：发现孩子们平安无事，真是一大安慰。根据下文find the children safe发现孩子们平安无事，因此是“一大安慰”，以及上文a可知应填名词relief“安慰；解脱”。
【74题详解】
考查名词。句意：巧合的是，油彩也是在这个时候发展起来的，这使得绘画中使用的颜色看起来更加丰富和深沉。短语by coincidence“碰巧；偶然地”，故填coincidence。
【75题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：他的抱负之一是当部长。根据上文his修饰名词可知应填名词，且one of后跟复数名词表示“……其中之一”，故填ambitions。
【76题详解】
考查名词。句意：有些电影充满暴力。过多的打斗对小孩子不好。根据下文Too much fighting is not good for young children.可推测“有些电影充满暴力”，过多的打斗对孩子不好，以及of为介词后跟名词作宾语，故填violence“暴力”。
【77题详解】
考查名词。句意：只有在远处欣赏时，事物才会更美。短语at a distance“在远处”，故填distance。
【78题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：她教过不同年龄、不同国籍的男女学生。nationality为可数名词，由various修饰，指不同国籍，所以应填nationnalities。故填复数形式nationalities。
【79题详解】
考查名词。句意：她从不在别人不在的时候说别人的坏话。根据上文his or her为形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填absence。
【80题详解】
考查形容词。句意：学校努力把学生当作独立的个体来对待，帮助每一个人充分发挥他们的潜力。短语full potential“充分发挥潜力”符合句意。故填potential。
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错(共 10 小题；每小题 l 分．满 分 10 分）
81.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词．
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．
Nowadays fewer students take exercise due to various reason and some students fall ill every now and then because of they are not healthy or strong enough． However， we should take exercise regularly to improve our health．
First of all， taking PE classes seriously． In PE classes we can build up our bodies with the careful guidance of PE teachers． Secondly， it is of great important to make it a routine to exercise after class or during breaks． In addition， it was also a good idea to join a sports club that you are interested．
As the old saying go， "The first wealth is health．" Let's do more exercise to live a better and healthy life．
【答案】1． reason改为reasons
2． 去掉of
3． However改为Therefore/Thus
4． taking改为take
5． with改为under
6． important改为importance
7． was改为is
8． 加in
9． go改为goes
10． healthy改为healthier
【解析】
【分析】
本文主要讲述很少有学生锻炼而容易生病，不够强壮．作者提出几条提高健康的建议：首先，慎重对待体育课；其次，课后定期锻炼；最后，参加感兴趣的体育俱乐部。
【详解】第一处：考查名词复数。句意：现在因为各种原因，很少有学生锻炼了。句中reason是可数名词，其前有various修饰时要用复数形式。故reason改为reasons。
第二处：考查词语用法。句意：很多学生因为不健康强壮，时而不时会生病。连词because意为"因为"，是连词，连接两个句子构成原因状语从句；介词短语because of意为"因为"，是介词，接名词或代词。句中使用了句子，此处应是前者。故去掉of。
第三处：考查副词。句意：现在因为各种原因，很少有学生锻炼了。很多学生因为不健康强壮，时而不时会生病。因此我们应该经常锻炼来改善健康。前后两个分句是因果关系，用副词Therefore/Thus。故要把However改为Therefore/Thus。
第四处：考查动词。句意：首先，要认真对待体育课。句中应该使用祈使句。在祈使句中要用动词原形，故要把taking改为take。
第五处：考查介词。句意：体育课上，在老师的指导下，我们可以锻炼身体。介词短语under the guidance of意为"在 …的指导下"是固定搭配。故with改为under。
第六处：考查固定句型。句意：第二，把下课或休息期间的锻炼当成一项常规很重要。固定结构“of+名词=形容词”，句中“of great importance”=important。所以要把important改为importance。
第七处：考查动词时态。句意：另外，参加你感兴趣的体育俱乐部也是一个好主意。因本文讲述的是一般事实，要用一般现在时态。故was改为is。
第八处：考查固定搭配。句意：另外，参加你感兴趣的体育俱乐部也是一个好主意。形容词短语be interested in意为"对…感兴趣"，是固定搭配。故加in。
第九处：考查主谓一致。句意：正如谚语所说“最大的财富是健康”。句中主语the old saying是单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式goes。故go改为goes。
第十处：考查形容词比较级。句意：让我们锻炼更多，过着更好更健康的生活。连词and是并列连词，它前后连接两个相同的语法成分，better和healthier是并列定语，都用形容词比较级。故healthy改为healthier。
【点睛】本文小题6考查了固定结构：“be + of +抽象名词”；该结构相当于“be+该抽象名词的形容词形式”，主要用来表示主语的性质．这一结构中的抽象名词前可用great， little， no， some， any， not much等修饰，以表示不同的程度，抽象名词常用importance，value， use等．故important改为importance．
例如：Learning English is of great value to those who are desperate to go abroad.
第二小节 书面表达（满分25分）
82.假定你是李华, 在某英文网站上看到一家国际文化机构招聘中学生暑期志愿者。请根据以下提示, 用英语写一封自荐信。要点包括：
(1) 表达兴趣；(2) 阐述自己的优势；(3)希望得到回复。
注意：(1)词数100左右（开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数)；
(2)可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
Dear Sir/Madam,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Sir/Madam,
I'm Li Hua, a middle school student from China. I'm writing to apply for the job as a summer volunteer that you have advertised on the Internet.
I've been learning English for ten years, so I can communicate with other members in fluent English. Besides, I'm outgoing and warm-hearted, which makes it easy for me to make friends with students from other countries. On top of that, I would be able to tell students from other countries about Chinese culture and learn about their culture as well.
I would appreciate an interview at your convenience. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇提纲类写作。要求写一封电子邮件。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封电子邮件；假定你是李华, 在某英文网站上看到一家国际文化机构招聘中学生暑期志愿者。请根据以下提示, 用英语写一封自荐信。要点包括：(1) 表达兴趣；(2) 阐述自己的优势；(3)希望得到回复。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：apply for（申请），summer volunteer（暑期自愿者），communicate with（交流）；make friends with（交朋友），be able to（能够）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如I'm writing to apply for the job as a summer volunteer that you have advertised on the Internet.运用了定语从句；I've been learning English for ten years, so I can communicate with other members in fluent English.运用了并列句。全文中没有中国式英语句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
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