2021高考英语一轮统考复习第一编Book7Unit21HumanBiology课时作业（含解析）北师大版 练习

Unit 21 Human Biology课时作业Ⅰ.完形填空(2020·内蒙古自治区奋斗中学高三月考)When faced with difficult situations in their lives, many people find them too __1__ and give up, especially on their life dreams.But not for Gabriel Heredia.Gabriel is a 20­year­old Argentinian barber who was born without hands. __2__ his physical disability, he was able to grow up happy and __3__. He also always had the support of friends and family, never feeling __4__ treated at all by his schoolmates. At the age of 14, he __5__ working as a barber, and learned all the techniques to perfect haircuts. Although he first saw it as a hobby, Gabriel quickly __6__ that this was the profession he wanted to work in.His family __7__ him to open his first barbershop, which he worked at for one and a half years. There, he __8__ the president of Argentina Corta, an organization for barbers to connect, do charity work in less fortunate __9__， and teach hairdressing to those who are __10__. Gabriel is now part of Argentina Corta, offering his services to people of all __11__ so they can build up the __12__ they need to get decent jobs.As a bright and caring young man, Gabriel __13__ not only to be a barber, but also to make a __14__ with the neighborhood：“The thing that I like most of my __15__ is that people feel comfortable and stylish with my cuts and that makes me __16__.”Nowadays, Gabriel runs his own barber shop in Buenos Aires, where people __17__ around the block for his services. Gabriel's __18__ shows that the barriers we face in life are never __19__ to deal with successfully. Whatever problem you face, you can __20__ tackle it by adopting the right mindset, and never giving up.篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了Gabriel天生就没有双手，但他经过努力成为一名理发师，并投入到慈善工作中。1.A.dangerous B．cruelC.large D．challenging答案：D　dangerous “危险的”；cruel “残忍的”；large “大的”；challenging “有挑战性的”。根据句意可知，当面对生活中的困难时，很多人认为它太具挑战性就放弃了，故D项正确。2.A.Except B．BesidesC.Despite D．Through答案：C　下文提到他快乐地长大，由此可知他并没有受到身体缺陷的影响，despite “尽管”符合语境，故C项正确。3.A.independent B．honestC.wealthy D．careful答案：A　根据下文提到他未被区别对待以及他能独立工作可知，他独立性很强，故A项正确。4.A.equally B．fairlyC.differently D．kindly答案：C　equally “平等地”；fairly “公平地”；differently “不同地”；kindly “友好地”。根据上文可知，他很乐观，所以有了朋友和家人的支持，他从来没感到自己被同学们区别对待，此处表示“不同地”，故C项正确。5.A.started B．continuedC.stopped D．imagined答案：A　根据语境可知，14岁时，他开始当理发师，故A项正确。6.A.promised B．hopedC.determined D．predicted答案：C　promise “承诺”；hope “希望”；determine “决定”；predict “预言”。他很快就决定这是他想要从事的职业，表示“决定”，故C项正确。7.A.advised B．forcedC.inspired D．helped答案：D　上文提到他总是有家人和朋友的支持，所以在他决定做理发师的时候，他的家人就帮助他开了第一家理发店，故D项正确。8.A.introduced B．metC.found D．influenced答案：B　根据空前“There”可知，在理发店，他遇到了Argentina Corta的主席，指“遇到”，故B项正确。9.A.neighborhoods B．clubsC.schools D．organizations答案：A　Argentina Corta是一个帮助理发师建立联系的组织，他们在社区做慈善工作。下文“with the neighborhood”给了提示，故A项正确。10.A.lucky B．puzzledC.interested D．intelligent答案：C　lucky “幸运的”；puzzled “困惑的”；interested “感兴趣的”；intelligent “聪明的”。他们还教那些对理发感兴趣的人理发技能，故C项正确。11.A.levels B．abilitiesC.types D．ages答案：D　Gabriel现在是Argentina Corta的一员，为各个年龄段的人服务，指“各年龄的人们”，故D项正确。12.A.images B．trustC.skills D．respect答案：C　image “影像”；trust “信任”；skill “技能”；respect “尊敬”。根据上文可知，这个组织教一些理发技能，这样，他们就能通过学到的技能获得体面的工作，指“工作技能”，故C项正确。13.A.fails B．strugglesC.happens D．refuses答案：B　结合语境可知，他不仅努力(struggle)做一名理发师，而且还与社区建立联系，故B项正确。14.A.connection B．conversationC.debate D．bargain答案：A　connection “联系，连接”；conversation “谈话”；debate “辩论”；bargain “交易”。他还与社区建立联系，故A项正确。15.A.future B．shopC.dream D．job答案：D　根据语境可知，他在谈论他的工作。句意：对我的工作，我最喜欢的一点是人们觉得我设计的发型既舒适又时尚。故D项正确。16.A.special B．generousC.confident D．happy答案：D　根据语境，他作为理发师主要让人们舒适，让自己快乐，故D项正确。17.A.turn up B．line upC.end up D．pack up答案：B　turn up “调高”；line up “排队”；end up “结束”；pack up “整理”。人们在Gabriel的理发店排队等着他理发，故B项正确。18.A.story B．lessonC.decision D．choice答案：A　根据整篇文章可知，本文在叙述Gabriel的故事，故A项正确。19.A.hard B．impossibleC.likely D．useless答案：B　hard “艰难的”；impossible “不可能的”；likely “可能的”；useless “无用的”。生活中没有什么困难是不能解决的，故B项正确。20.A.almost B．usuallyC.hardly D．never答案：B　无论面对什么问题，你通常(usually)可以通过采取正确的心态，永不放弃来解决它，故B项正确。Ⅱ.阅读理解A(2019·北大附中高考英语模拟试卷(3月份))You've heard of the fat suit and the pregnancy suit；now meet AGNES—the old person suit.AGNES stands for “Age Gain Now Empathy (换位体验) System” and was designed by researchers at MIT's AgeLab to let you know what it feels like—physically—to be 75 years old. “The business of old age demands new tools，” said Joseph Coughlin, director of the AgeLab. “While focus groups and observations and surveys can help you understand what the older consumer needs and wants, young marketers never get that ‘Ah ha！’ moment of having difficulty opening a jar, or getting in and out of a car. That's what AGNES provides.”Coughlin and his team carefully adjusted the suit to make the wearer just as uncomfortable as an old person who has spent a lifetime eating poorly and not doing much exercise. Special shoes provide a feeling of imbalance, while braces on the knees and elbows limit joint mobility. Gloves give the feeling of decreased strength and mobility in the hands and wrists, and earplugs make it difficult to hear high­pitched sounds and soft tones. A helmet with straps (带) attached to it presses the spine (脊柱),  and more straps attached to the shoes decrease hamstring flexibility, and shortens the wearer's step.  AGNES has been used most recently by a group of students working on a design of an_updated_walker. By wearing the suit they could see for themselves what design and materials would make the most sense for a physically limited older person. Coughlin said the suit has also been used by clothing companies, car companies and retail goods companies to help them understand the limitations of an older consumer.“AGNES is not the destiny of everybody，” he said. “She is a badly behaved lady who didn't eat and exercise very well. A secondary benefit we've found with AGNES is that it has become a powerful tool to get younger people to invest in their long­term health.”篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了AGNES这套服装可以让人感受年老以后的身体不适，从而更好地理解老年人，开发适合老年人身体状况的产品，还能促使年轻人保持身体健康。1.AGNES has been developed to ________.A.make the users more comfortableB.let us understand old people betterC.help old people move more quicklyD.produce new tools for the old­age business答案：B　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“let you know what it feels like—physically—to be 75 years old”可知，AGNES的功能是让人们提前感受人老了以后的实际身体状况，即能更好地理解老年人。故选B。2.According to the article, young marketers never ________.A.feel the same way as old people doB.see the efforts old people makeC.ask what old people need and wantD.say “Ah ha！” when they meet with difficulty答案：A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“young marketers never get that ‘Ah ha！’ moment of having difficulty opening a jar, or getting in and out of a car”可知，年轻的销售人员在生活中从未感受到老年人的难处。故选A。3.The 3rd paragraph mainly tells about ________. A.how the AGNES wearer feelsB.how AGNES has been developedC.how old people actD.how AGNES works答案：D　段落大意题。第三段主要介绍AGNES这套服装是如何让人在具体部位有不舒服的感觉，感受老了以后的身体不适。故选D。4.“an updated walker” (underlined) most likely refers to ________.A.someone who travels a lotB.a physically limited old personC.some equipment that helps old people walkD.a company whose service involves old people答案：C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句“By wearing the suit they could see for themselves what design and materials would make the most sense for a physically limited older person.”可以看出，这些学生在研究一款新的walker，通过试穿AGNES，他们能够切身感受老年人的身体情况，从而能够确定什么样的设计和材料才最为合适，可知画线部分是指为老年人开发的一种产品。故选C。5.Which may be a fact resulting from the “secondary benefit” of AGNES？A.Young people respect old people. B.Old­age business improves their service.C.Old people eat and exercise well. D.Young people eat and exercise well. 答案：D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“A secondary benefit we've found with AGNES is that it has become a powerful tool to get younger people to invest in their long－term health.”可知，AGNES还能促使年轻人注意保持身体健康。故选D。B(2019·湖北名校冲刺二模)High levels of chocolate consumption might be associated with a one third reduction in the risk of developing heart disease, suggests a study published online in the British Medical Journal. The findings confirm results of existing studies that generally agree on a potential beneficial link between chocolate consumption and heart health. However, the authors stress that further studies are needed to test whether chocolate actually causes this reduction or if it can be explained by some other unmeasured factor.The World Health Organization predicts that by 2030, nearly 23.6 million people will die from heart disease. However, lifestyle and diet are key factors in preventing heart disease, says the paper. A number of recent studies have shown that eating chocolate has a positive influence on human health, which includes reducing blood pressure and improving insulin sensitivity.However, the evidence about how eating chocolate affects your heart still remains unclear. So, Dr Oscar Franco and colleagues from the University of Cambridge carried out a large scale review of the existing evidence to evaluate the effects of eating chocolate on cardiovascular (心血管) events like heart attack and stroke.They analyzed the results of seven studies, involving over 100,000 participants with and without existing heart disease. For each study, they compared the group with the highest chocolate consumption against the group with the lowest consumption.Five studies reported a beneficial link between higher levels of chocolate consumption and the risk of cardiovascular events. They found that the “highest levels of chocolate consumption were associated with a 37% reduction in cardiovascular disease and a 29% reduction in stroke compared with lowest levels.” No significant reduction was found in relation to heart failure.The authors say the findings need to be interpreted with caution, in particular because commercially available chocolate is very calorific (around 500 calories for every 100 grams) and eating too much of it could lead to weight gain, risk of diabetes and heart disease.However, they conclude that given the health benefits of eating chocolate, initiatives to reduce the current fat and sugar content in most chocolate products should be explored.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。一些研究表明吃巧克力有利于心脏的健康，但是吃巧克力对我们的心脏有着怎样的影响仍然不能够确定，还需要进一步的研究来证明。6.Which statement is NOT true according to the passage？A.There used to be studies about the beneficial link between chocolate consumption and heart health.B.Millions of people will die from heart disease by 2030 according to the WHO.C.There are still other factors that may reduce the risk of heart disease.D.There is clear evidence about how eating chocolate affects your heart.答案：D　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“However, the evidence about how eating chocolate affects your heart still remains unclear.”可知，关于吃巧克力如何影响你的心脏的证据仍不清楚，故选D。7.What are the possible causes of heart disease？A.Unhealthy diet. B．Eating chocolate.C.Exercising regularly. D．Drinking coffee.答案：A　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“However, lifestyle and diet are key factors in preventing heart disease, says the paper.”可知，生活方式和饮食是预防心脏病的关键因素，即不健康的饮食是导致心脏疾病的一个原因，故选A。8.What's the authors' attitude towards the findings？A.Doubtful. B．Cautious.C.Disapproving. D．Negative.答案：B　推理判断题。文章讲述了一些研究表明吃巧克力有利于心脏的健康，但是吃巧克力对我们的心脏有着怎样的影响仍然不能够确定，还需要进一步的研究来证明。可知作者对于巧克力的作用的态度是谨慎的，故选B。9.If the author will go on writing, what is likely to be talked about？A.We should eat less chocolate.B.Chocolate benefits our health.C.The ways to reduce the sugar and fat content in chocolate products.D.When to eat chocolate is better for our health.答案：C　推理判断题。最后一段讲到他们得出的结论是，考虑到吃巧克力对健康的益处，应该探索减少目前大多数巧克力产品中脂肪和糖的含量的举措。由此可推知如果继续写下一段应该叙述减少巧克力产品中糖和脂肪含量的方法，故选C。Ⅲ.短文改错(2019·广东省高三“六校联盟”第一次联考)When I was young, I was terribly poor in the Chinese. Be afraid of expressing myself was one of the reasons why I rarely did well in school. Once I failed in a mid­term exam. When I got the papers, I realized things could have been better if I listened to the teacher much more attentive. So I turned to my teacher for helps and he told me, “Where there is a will, there is a way. If we are devoted to learn Chinese, you'll make it.” I couldn't agree much. From then on, I began to work harder. Out of my expect, I made great progress soon. Today, Chinese is which my strength lies. And I'm grateful for my Chinese teacher.答案：When I was young, I was terribly poor in  Chinese.  afraid of expressing myself was one of the reasons why I rarely did well in school. Once I failed in a mid­term exam. When I got the papers, I realized things could have been better if I  listened to the teacher much more . So I turned to my teacher for  and he told me, “Where there is a will, there is a way. If we are devoted to  Chinese, you'll make it.” I couldn't agree . From then on, I began to work harder. Out of my ， I made great progress soon. Today, Chinese is  my strength lies. And I'm grateful  my Chinese teacher.1.去掉the　考查冠词。此处Chinese指“汉语”，表示学科的词前通常不加定冠词，故把前面的the去掉。2.Be→Being　考查非谓语动词。“Be afraid of expressing myself was one of the reasons why I rarely did well in school.”句中没有主语，动词原形be不能作主语，应该用动名词短语作主语，故把Be改成Being。3.listened前加had　考查虚拟语气。句意：我意识到如果我以前更认真地听老师讲课的话，情况会变得更好。此处是if引导的虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，所以if条件句用过去完成时，故在listened前加had。4.attentive→attentively　考查副词。副词修饰动词，故把attentive改成attentively。5.helps→help　考查固定搭配。turn to sb. for help “向某人求助”，故把helps改成help。6.learn→learning　考查固定搭配。be devoted to＝devote oneself to “致力于，专心于……”，此处to是介词，后面用名词或动名词作宾语，故把learn改成learning。7.much→more　考查比较级。这里表示“我完全同意”。否定词和比较级连用表示最高级的意思，故把much改成more。8.expect→expectation　考查名词。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故把expect改成expectation，意为“出乎我预期的是”。9.which→where　考查表语从句的连接词。句意：中文是我的优势所在。which(哪一个)，表示一种选择，作主语或宾语；where(在哪里)，作地点状语，故把which改成where。10.for→to　考查固定短语。be grateful to sb. “对某人心存感激”，故把for改成to。