2021届高考英语大一轮复习Unit14Careers课时作业14b北师大版必修5 练习
展开课时作业14 Careers
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2019·华东师范大学第二附属中学月考)
Griffith Observatory (天文台) is a national leader in public astronomy, and one of the most popular attractions in Los Angeles. It is located on the southern slope (山坡) of Mount Hollywood in Griffith Park at 1,134 feet above sea level.
Visitors may drive to the Observatory and park in its parking lot or on nearby roads. No reservation (预订) is required to visit. Parking is limited, and the busiest times are weekends. Buses, taxis, and carpools are welcome. LADOT provides weekend public bus service from the Sunset/Vermont Metro Red Line station.
Griffith Observatory is open six days a week. Admission and parking are free.
Hours of Operation
Tuesday—Friday 12：00 noon—10：00 pm
Saturday—Sunday 10：00 am—10：00 pm
Monday Closed
Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day Closed
Samuel Oschin Planetarium
The Samuel Oschin Planetarium theater offers 8 to 10 live, halfhour presentations each day. There are usually four different shows from which to choose.
Shows are presented every 60 to 90 minutes. Check the website, information desks, or the box office for each day's show times. Late seating is not permitted.
Samuel Oschin Planetarium tickets must be purchased at the Observatory and are only available on the day of the show. The ticket prices for shows are：
Adults (13—59 years old) $7.00
Children (5—12 years old) $3.00
Seniors (60 years and older) $5.00
Students $5.00
Children under 5 years will be admitted only to the first show each day.
Hearing assist devices are available upon request.
Public Telescopes
Free public telescopes are available each evening the Observatory is open and skies are clear. The Zeiss telescope on the roof is generally open by 7：00 pm. All observing must be completed by 9：45 pm.
本文主要介绍的是美国著名景点——格里菲斯天文台。
1．What can we learn about Griffith Observatory according to the passage?
A．It is open all the year around.
B．It is mostly visited at weekends.
C．It becomes famous because of Hollywood.
D．It is the most attractive place in Los Angeles.
答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Parking is limited, and the busiest times are weekends.”可知，周末是格里菲斯天文台最繁忙的时间。
2．Which of the following best describes the Samuel Oschin Planetarium theater?
A．Hearing assist devices are provided to seniors.
B．The shows there generally last 60 to 90 minutes.
C．Visitors are required to be seated before the show starts.
D．The tickets for its shows can be bought through the website.
答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据Samuel Oschin Planetarium部分第二段最后一句“Late seating is not permitted.”可知，要提前入场就座，迟到了就不能进剧场了。
3．To watch the show, a young couple with a 7yearold son should pay ________.
A．$13.00 B．$15.00
C．$17.00 D．$20.00
答案：C
解析：数字计算题。根据票价“Adults (13—59 years old) $7.00”和“Children (5—12 years old) $3.00”可知，一对年轻夫妇和一个7岁男孩共需要17美元。
4．Which of the following is charged?
A．Parking.
B．Telescopes.
C．Hearing assist devices.
D．LADOT bus service.
答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据文章中的“Admission and parking are free.” “Free public telescopes are available”和“Hearing assist devices are available upon request.”可知，A、B、C三项都是免费的，故选D。
Ⅱ.阅读填句
(2019·山西六校联考)
How to drive greener
Buying green can produce great benefits and so can small changes in your driving behavior. __1__
1．Avoid aggressive driving. Sudden starts and aggressive driving can waste your gas. __2__ That's because just one second of highpowered driving can produce the same level of CO as 30 minutes of normal driving.
2. __3__ A lot of us like to push the speedometer up to 75 miles per hour on the highway. However, slowing down to 65 miles per hour can increase your fuel economy by up to 10 percent and reduce the amount of pollution coming from your car.
3．Plan ahead. When possible, plan your trips to avoid the stopandgo of rush hour. And remember to pack all of your tasks into one trip since a warmedup engine produces fewer emissions (排放物)．
4．Pay attention at the gas station. Don't overfill your gas tank or try to top it off because spilled (溢出) gas changes into mixture of fog and smoke and can pollute groundwater. When you are finished filling up, be sure you tighten your gas cap.__4__
5．Park smart. Parking your car in the shade not only helps you avoid feeling very hot in your car, but it helps minimize evaporation (蒸发) of fuel.
6. __5__ By walking, cycling or public transport, you will make a big difference for our planet. Leave your car at home just two days a week. And you will help cut greenhouse gas emissions by 1,500 pounds a year.
A．Change the oil.
B．Slow down.
C．Leave your car at home.
D．And this type of driving behavior adds to pollution.
E．In this way you can save as much as 30 gallons a year.
F．The following advice can help you save gas and contribute to the wellbeing of our planet.
G．Parking in your garage when possible to cut down on summer heat and keep off frost in the winter.
文章主要就如何开车更加环保，给出了我们几点建议。
1．F 解析：考查对上下文理解及推理判断能力。句意：下面的建议可以帮助你节约汽油，有助于地球的健康。根据下文中的几点建议，可知此处引出下文。根据题意，故选F。
2．D 解析：考查对上下文理解及推理判断能力。句意：这种类型的驾驶行为，加重了对环境的污染。根据下文“That's because just one second of highpowered driving can produce the same level of CO as 30 minutes of normal driving.”那是因为即使只有一秒钟的高功率驾驶也可以产生与正常行驶30分钟相同的一氧化碳量。可知这种类型的行驶会对环境造成污染。根据题意，故选D。
3．B 解析：考查对上下文理解及推理判断能力。句意：慢下来。根据下文“However, slowing down to 65 miles per hour can increase your fuel economy by up to 10 percent and reduce the amount of pollution coming from your car.”然而，减速至每小时65英里可以使你的燃油经济性提高10%，并减少汽车排放的污染量。可知该段主要讲述的是减速。根据题意，故选B。
4．E 解析：考查对上下文理解及推理判断能力。句意：通过这种方式一年你可以节省高达30加仑汽油。根据上文“Don't overfill your gas tank or try to top it off because spilled (溢出) gas changes into mixture of fog and smoke and can pollute groundwater. When you are finished filling up, be sure you tighten your gas cap.”不要让油箱太满或溢出来，因为溢出来的汽油会变成混合的雾与烟，可能会污染地下水。当你加满油后，确保拧紧油盖。可推知这样可以节省能源。前后为因果关系。根据题意，故选E。
5．C 解析：考查对上下文理解及推理判断能力。句意：把你的车留在家里。根据下文“Leave your car at home just two days a week. And you will help cut greenhouse gas emissions by 1,500 pounds a year.”一周里，把你的车只停在家里两天。一年你将帮助减少1 500磅的温室气体排放量。根据题意，故选C。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·江西新余四中检测)
There is good and bad news about the number of trees on our planet. The good news is __1__ there are seven times more trees than we __2__ (think). A few years ago, scientists estimated the world had 400 billion trees, but a new study makes a __3__ (calculate) that there are around three trillion trees. That's a three __4__ (follow) by 12 zeroes. But Dr Thomas Crowther told the BBC that this new number is unable __5__ (change) anything.
What is the bad news? Thousands of years ago, the earth had around six trillion trees. Human activity has cut the number of trees on the planet __6__ half. A good example of this is __7__ fact that Europe used to be one of the giant forests. Dr Crowther said people are __8__ (responsibility) for the loss of three trillion trees. Another 15 billion trees are lost each year because of deforestation (毁林) and farmland. The scientists said this figure is “__9__ (extreme) higher” than a century ago. Dr Crowther added, “This study highlights how much more effort __10__ (need) if we are to restore healthy forests worldwide.”
这是一篇说明文。文中介绍了地球上树木的现有量。
1．that 解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句成分和句意完整，故用that。
2．thought 解析：考查时态。这里说的是“比我们原本以为的……”，故要用一般过去时。
3．calculation 解析：考查名词。根据空前的“a”可知此处要用名词形式。
4．followed 解析：考查非谓语动词。follow与three之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语。
5．to_change 解析：考查非谓语动词。be (un)able to do sth.意为“(不)能做某事”，是常用表达。
6．in 解析：考查介词。in half意为“减半”。
7．the 解析：考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处应该用定冠词the特指fact。
8．responsible 解析：考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处指人们应该为树木的减少负责。be responsible for“对……负责”是固定搭配，故填responsible。
9．extremely 解析：考查副词。根据句意及句子结构可知，空格处修饰形容词higher，应用副词形式。
10．is_needed/will_be_needed 解析：考查主谓一致、时态和语态。这项研究表明，如果要在世界范围内恢复健康的森林，那我们需要再做多少努力。主句主语effort与need之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。“how much more effort”的谓语应用单数，故应填is needed。此处也可理解为表示将来要发生的动作，故主句可用一般将来时。
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2019·河北衡水一中月考)
My English teacher recommended me to take a part in an English speech competition. But I doubt that I have the ability to win. As is known to all my classmates that I can speak English as if I am a native speaker. However, I dare not voice my opinions, specially in public. My best friend Lily has been encouraging to receive the challenge. On her opinion, whether I can win the competition or not doesn't matter as long I try my best. Encouraged by her, I have decided to having a try, challenging myself. I must conquer my shy. Wish myself good luck.
答案与解析
My English teacher recommended me to take part in an English speech competition. But I doubt I have the ability to win. is known to all my classmates that I can speak English as if I a native speaker. However, I dare not voice my opinions, in public. My best friend Lily has been encouraging to the challenge. her opinion, whether I can win the competition or not doesn't matter as long I try my best. Encouraged by her, I have decided to a try, challenging myself. I must conquer my . Wish myself good luck.
1．去掉a 考查动词短语。take part in为固定搭配，意思是“参加”，只有当part前有修饰成分时，part前才有冠词修饰。
2．that→whether 考查名词性从句。本句的意思是“但是我怀疑我能否有能力获胜”。doubt用在肯定句时后面的宾语从句用whether引导，用在否定句中，后面的宾语从句用that引导。
3．As→It 考查名词性从句。本句中，it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句。
4．am→were 考查虚拟语气。as if I were a native speaker运用了虚拟语气，表达与事实相反。
5．specially→especially 考查副词。specially意思是“专门地”，而especially意思是“特别地”。
6．receive→accept 考查动词。这里表达“接受挑战”，而receive指“被动地收到；遭遇”。
7．On→In 考查介词短语。in one's opinion意思是“在某人看来”，为固定搭配。
8．as long后面加as 考查连词短语。as long as意思是“如果”，相当于if。
9．having→have 考查非谓语动词。decide to后面跟动词原形。
10．shy→shyness 考查名词。前面有my修饰，因此这里需要的是名词，而不是形容词。
Ⅴ.书面表达
(2019·北京市十一学校月考)
假定你是李华，最近收到了你的英国朋友Jacob的来信，得知他已被剑桥大学(the University of Cambridge)录取。请用英语给他写一封回信，内容包括：
1．向Jacob表示祝贺；
2．谈谈你在大学专业选择上的困惑；
3．向对方征求意见和建议。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear_Jacob，
How_is_everything_going?_I'm_glad_to_receive_your_letter_and_know_you've_been_admitted_to_the_University_of_Cambridge._I'm_writing_to_offer_my_warmest_congratulations.
I_am_now_in_the_process_of_university_application,_struggling_with_which_major_to_choose._I'm_a_science_student_in_high_school,_so_I'm_supposed_to_choose_majors_related_to_science_and_engineering._But_the_problems_are_that_I'm_not_sure_where_my_interest_lies_and_which_majors_have_a_bright_prospect_that_can_ensure_me_a_good_job._Do_you_have_any_suggestions_on_the_choice_of_a_major?
I_would_appreciate_it_if_you_could_share_your_opinions_with_me._Looking_forward_to_your_early_reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
