2021届高考英语大一轮复习Unit15Learning课时作业15b北师大版必修5 练习

课时作业15　Learning

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2019·衡水模拟)

“Heaven is where the police are English, the cooks are French, the mechanics are German, the lovers are Italian and everything is organized by the Swiss. Hell is where the police are German, the cooks are English, the mechanics are French, the lovers are Swiss, and everything is organized by the Italian.”

Obviously the national stereotypes (模式化的思想) in this old joke are generalizations, but such stereotypes are often said to “exist for a reason”. Is there actually a sliver of truth in them? Not likely, an international research team now says.

“National and cultural stereotypes do play an important role in how people see themselves and others, and being aware that these are not dependable is a useful thing，” said study author Robert McCrae of the National Institute on Aging. “These are in fact unfounded stereotypes. They don't come from looking around you，” McCrae said.

If national stereotypes aren't rooted in real experiences, then where do they come from? One possibility is that they reflect national values, which may become known from historical events. For example, many historians have argued that the spirit of American individualism has its origins in the experiences of the pioneers on the Old West.

Social scientists such as psychologist Richard Robins have given several other possible explanations for stereotypes and why they may be incorrect. Robins notes that some stereotypes may have been correct at one point in history and then remained unchanged while the culture changed.

We may be “hard­wired”， to some degree, to keep incorrect

 stereotypes, since we are less likely to notice and remember information that is different from our stereotypes. Generally, according to Robins, when we meet people who are different from our stereotypes, we see them as unique individuals rather than typical national or cultural groups.

本文主要谈论的是对不同国家的成见或民族定式这一现象。

1．What is the function of the first paragraph?

A．To introduce the topic of national stereotypes.

B．To make a comparison between the characters of different countries.

C．To exemplify the argument against stereotyping.

D．To analyze the strengths and weaknesses of people in different countries.

答案：A

解析：推理判断题。第一段用笑话的方式引出本文的话题：国家模式化的思想，故选A。

2．Which of the following best describes McCrae's attitude towards national stereotypes?

A．Supportive.　　　　　　　 B．Indifferent.

C．Critical.   D．Uncertain.

答案：C

解析：观点态度题。根据第三段McCrae所说的话可知，他既认为模式化的思想是重要的，又觉得不能完全依赖，所以他的态度是批判性的，故选C。

3．According to social scientists, why aren't national stereotypes always correct?

A．Because they are formed by individual historians.

B．Because people tend to have false idea about other cultures.

C．Because generalizations are made through personal experience.

D．Because what was true in the past may not be true at present.

答案：D

解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段．..some stereotypes may have been correct at one point in history and then remained unchanged while the culture changed.可知，在历史上模式化思想在某种程度上是对的，但是当文化发生变化了，模式化思想却没有发生变化，因此就会出现错误，故选D。

4．What does the underlined word “hard­wired” in the last

paragraph probably mean?

A．Forgetful.   B．Fixed.

C．Anxious.   D．Helpless.

答案：B

解析：词义猜测题。根据后面的since we are less likely to notice and remember information that is different from our stereotypes可知，既然是我们不愿意做出改变，那就是比较固定不变的，故答案为B。

B

(2019·陕西西安中学检测)

The Internet plays a big part in human life. We use it for work and entertainment. We can find new recipes on the Internet or advice on staying healthy. We can even use it to learn a new language. We use the Internet to keep in contact with family and friends and stay in touch with issues we care about. The list goes on and on. So, there may be no going back to an Internet­free life. But can using the Internet too much be bad for our health? It might be, say researchers. A new study finds that heavy Internet use may be connected to high blood pressure in an unlikely group—teenagers. So, try to be a responsible guardian (监护人)．

The study results show that teens who spend at least 14 hours a week online were more likely to have high blood pressure. High blood pressure makes your heart and blood vessels work too hard. Over time, this extra strain increases your risk of a heart attack or stroke. High blood pressure can also cause heart and kidney disease. It is also closely linked to some form of dementia (痴呆), or a brain disease.

The Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan did the study. It involved 335 young people, from 14 to 17 years old. One hundred and thirty­four of the teens were described as “heavy Internet users”. Researchers found that out of these 134 teens, 26 had high blood pressure. The researchers say the study is the first one to connect heavy web use with high blood pressure. Other research has connected that heavy Internet use with health problems including anxiety, depression and obesity.

The lead researcher of the study is Andrea Cassidy­Bushrow. For the purpose of the study, she explains, teens considered heavy Internet users were online on average 25 hours a week. It is important for teens to take regular breaks from their computers or smartphones and to do some kind of physical activity. She also suggests that parents limit their children's use of the Internet to two hours a day, five days a week.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) says, 70 million，or 29%, of American adults have high blood pressure. The CDC estimates that high blood pressure costs the United States $46 billion each year.

本文是一篇议论文。文章运用大量事实论述了过度上网对青少年的影响以及危害。

5．The author mainly wants to tell us ________.

A．how to prevent high blood pressure

B．too much Internet use may be bad for teenagers

C．it's necessary for teenagers to avoid the Internet

D．heavy Internet use will worsen teenagers' memory

答案：B

解析：主旨大意题。第一段告诉我们本文主要向我们介绍青少年过度上网会导致高血压。接下来文章主要论述了这一观点。故答案为B项。

6．The first paragraph of the text is used to ________.

A．introduce the topic   B．analyze the causes

C．offer some opinions   D．make some suggestions

答案：A

解析：推理判断题。第一段主要告诉我们网络有很多好处，段尾部分指出过度上网有害，告诫(家长)做一个负责任的监护人，从而引出主题。故答案为A项。

7．According to Cassidy­Bushrow, teenagers' use of the Internet should be limited to ________.

A．25 hours a week   B．2 hours a week

C．10 hours a week   D．5 hours a week

答案：C

解析：细节理解题。文章第四段中的“She also suggests that parents limit their children's use of the Internet to two hours a day, five days a week.”告诉我们青少年上网时间一周不要超过10小时。故选C项。

8．The text is mainly intended for ________.

A．parents   B．teachers

C．web­designers   D．students

答案：A

解析：推理判断题。文章第一段段尾及第四段中的“parents limit their children's use of the Internet”告诉我们文章主要写给广大家长。

Ⅱ.完形填空

(2019·山东滨州模拟考试)

I love hiking and being outdoors. I loved it even more when I found I could use my passion to __1__ others.

Some of the other moms I __2__ on the school run are either single parent or have a child with special needs. So, I __3__ to take their child or children (usually boys around my son's age) on hikes with my son and me. This will __4__ the mother a short respite (短暂的休息) and help her __5__ money for she doesn't have to hire a babysitter.

Today I offered my friend that __6__ and took her son with us on a hike to Paradise Falls. The weather was __7__， just enough sun but still cool and breezy. During part of our trek we were gently misted with sprinklings of rain that refreshed us and kept us __8__ as we made it to our final destination—a stunning forty­foot __9__ that fell into a pool of water!

Everyone enjoyed it and my friend was __10__ when I sent some pictures of her son climbing and splashing in the shallow pools of __11__. She thanked me for __12__ him and for the time it gave her to attend to other things.

I figure that everyone __13__ this way. As hikers we communed with nature and my friend got the __14__ she needed. I am very blessed to be able to __15__ my passion for nature while __16__ helping other mothers. It's so __17__ for everyone's soul. It's my nature church, so to speak.

My __18__ is to get outside! Go for a __19__ and help someone out by providing child care for anyone who needs some personal time for themselves. It's a __20__ that is truly priceless and so easy to give.

在享受大自然的同时，给予他人帮助。让我们将快乐传给更多的人吧！

1．A.help   B．teach

C．thank   D．attract

答案：A

解析：根据“I loved it even more when I found I could use my passion...”可知，“我”更喜欢在户外运动，同时，用“我”的热情去帮助他人。

2．A.recognize   B．meet

C．introduce   D．knock

答案：B

解析：在接送孩子上学和放学的路上，“我”遇到的一些妈妈们要么是独自一人照顾孩子，要么有一个需要特殊照顾的孩子。

3．A.phoned   B．afforded

C．offered   D．remembered

答案：C

解析：所以，“我”主动提出让他们的孩子和“我”与儿子一起徒步旅行。

4．A.ask   B．occupy

C．take   D．give

答案：D

解析：这样，就可以让孩子的妈妈稍微休息一下。give sb. a short respite“让某人得到短暂的休息”。

5．A.save   B．spend

C．earn   D．add

答案：A

解析：句意：……还可以帮她省点钱，因为她就不需要雇保姆来照看孩子了。

6．A.news   B．change

C．mind   D．opportunity

答案：D

解析：今天，“我”主动给“我”的朋友提供了这样一个机会。

7．A.cold   B．perfect

C．wind   D．hot

答案：B

解析：根据空后“just enough sun but still cool and breezy”可知，今天阳光明媚，微风习习，凉爽宜人，所以天气非常好。

8．A.freezing   B．dry

C．cool   D．warm

答案：C

解析：中途下起了蒙蒙细雨，让“我们”在去往目的地的路途中感到很凉爽。

9．A.hill   B．building

C．tower   D．waterfall

答案：D

解析：根据第三段第一句可知，今天“我们”要去Paradise Falls(天堂瀑布)，也就是“我们”的最终目的地。

10．A.upset   B．surprised

C．annoyed   D．delighted

答案：D

解析：看到自己的儿子玩得很开心，“我”的朋友很高兴。

11．A.mud   B．water

C．light   D．sand

答案：B

解析：此处应指小孩在一滩浅水里啪啦啪啦地玩水。

12．A.educating   B．leading

C．taking   D．treating

答案：C

解析：朋友感谢“我”带她的儿子一起出去。

13．A.wins   B．moves

C．struggles   D．lives

答案：A

解析：根据后文可知，这样做，既能享受大自然，还能帮助其他人拥有更多的时间。所以，“我”认为每个人都是赢家。

14．A.time   B．money

C．fun   D．energy

答案：A

解析：联系前文“for the time it gave her to attend to other things”可以得出答案。

15．A.increase   B．share

C．send   D．love

答案：B

解析：根据上句，“我”主要是从享受自然和帮助他人两方面叙述这样做的好处的。所以，此处应该是在分享对大自然热爱的同时，也可以帮助其他的母亲照顾孩子。

16．A.ever   B．even

C．also   D．only

答案：C

解析：share my passion与helping other mothers为并列关系。

17．A.better   B．easy

C．hard   D．good

答案：D

解析：这样能使每个人的内心都感到愉悦。

18．A.future   B．belief

C．task   D．advice

答案：D

解析：后文是“我”的一个建议。

19．A.voyage   B．hike

C．ride   D．chat

答案：B

解析：第13空后的hikers有提示，“我”建议你们像“我”一样，徒步旅行的同时也能帮助他人。

20．A.memory   B．treasure

C．gift   D．trouble

答案：C

解析：这份礼物对别人来说是无价的，对自己来说也是不难赠予的。