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北京市朝阳区2020届高三4月测试英语试题
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2020届高三四月份测试题
英语（A卷）
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分, 共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Tom and Jerry, with its funny violence and dark comedy, ___1___ (remain) popular around the world today. In the 80 years ___2___ their creation, the cat and mouse have appeared in everything from a “kids” version to a 1992 musical movie ___3___ they sang and spoke. Warner Brothers, who now own the rights to Tom and Jerry, ___4___ (release) a new live-action film just before Christmas this year. Fans are filled with expectations for the film.
【答案】1. remains
2. since 3. where
4. will release
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了为了纪念《猫和老鼠》上映80周年，华纳影业将在今年推出真人版《猫和老鼠》电影。影迷们对这部电影充满了期待。
【1题详解】
考查时态。句意：《猫和老鼠》凭借其滑稽的打闹场面和黑色喜剧的风格，至今仍在世界各地流行。根据today可知时态是一般现在时，且主语是Tom and Jerry这部电影，因此要用第三人称单数。故填remains。
【2题详解】
考查连词。句意：诞生80年来，汤姆和杰瑞从“儿童”动画到他们又说又唱的1992年的音乐电影，以无数种方式出现在了人们的视野中。根据In the 80 years和主句谓语have appeared可知此处要用连词，表示“自……以来”。故填since。
【3题详解】
考查定语从句的关系词。句意：诞生80年来，汤姆和杰瑞从“儿童”动画到他们又说又唱的1992年的音乐电影，以无数种方式出现在了人们的视野中。此处是由where引导的定语从句where they sang and spoke，先行词是a 1992 musical movie，where在从句中作状语。故填where。
【4题详解】
考查时态。句意：《猫和老鼠》的版权如今在华纳影业手中，他们将在今年圣诞节前推出一部新的真人版电影。根据before Christmas this year可知此处要用一般将来时，主语是Warner Brothers。故填will release。
【点睛】第1小题考查了一般现在时主语是第三人称的用法。一般现在时的用法：
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue. 天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day. 我每天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
一般现在时的结构：
1.be动词：主语+be（am，is，are）其它。如：I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。
2.行为动词：主语+行为动词（+其它）。如：We study English我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数（he，she，it）时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：
Mary likes Chinese玛丽喜欢汉语
一般现在时常用的时间词：often，usually，sometimes，every day（week，year..）等。
A.第三人称单数形式的构成
一般现在时主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加s或es，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同：
1.一般情况下只在动词后加s，如work-works，write-writes.
2.以o，s，x，sh，ch结尾的动词，后加-es，如guess-guesses，mix-mixes，finish-finishes，catch-catches.
3.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，改y为i加-es，如study-studies.
注：不规则变化有 have-has
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A lonely Japanese billionaire___5___(plan) to fly to the moon on Elon Musk’s rocket is looking for the love of his life to join him on his journey. He just hasn’t found her yet.
Yusaku Maezawa, the first paying passenger on Space X’s maiden tourist voyage to the moon in 2023, tweeted a link on Sunday to a website where women can apply to be his companion ___6___ the week-long space flight. “I’m 44 now,” Maezawa said on the website. “As feelings of ___7___ (lonely) slowly begin to surge(涌上) upon me, there’s one thing that I think about: Continuing to love one woman.”
【答案】5. planning
6. on 7. loneliness
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了44岁日本亿万富翁前泽友作，正在招募他2023年月球之旅的伴侣。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一个孤独的日本亿万富翁计划乘坐埃隆·马斯克的火箭飞往月球，他正在寻找一生的挚爱加入他的旅程。但是，他还没有找到她。此句谓语动词是is looking for，且plan和Japanese billionaire之间是主动关系，因此要用现在分词。故填planning。
【6题详解】
考查介词。句意：前泽友作是2023年SpaceX首次登月旅行的第一位付费乘客，上周日他在推特上发布了一个链接，该链接指向一个网站，女性可以在网站上申请，成为他为期一周太空之旅的伴侣。根据the week-long space fligh可知此处要用介词表示“在……之上”。故填on。
【7题详解】
考查名词。句意：“当孤独的感觉慢慢涌上心头时，我想到了一件事：持续地爱一个女人。”短语feelings of loneliness孤独感，loneliness是不可数名词。故填loneliness。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
This aging of the population is driven by two factors. The first is declining birth rates, which means old generations are large ____8____（compare） to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes older than before. This is ___9___（especial） true in the US. The second reason is ___10___ people are living longer. A child born in the US today has a very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.
【答案】8. compared
9. especially
10. that
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人口老龄化是由两个原因造成的。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：首先是出生率的下降，这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多，因此，平均而言，人口比以前老龄化。宾语从句的谓语的are large，且compare与逻辑主语是old generations之间是被动词关系，因此此处要用过去分词形式在句子中做状语。故填compared。
【9题详解】
考查副词。句意：在美国尤其如此。此处要用副词修饰形容词true。故填especially。
【10题详解】
考查表语从句的引导词。句意：第二个原因是人们的寿命变长了。根据系动词is可知此处是一个表语从句，从句people are living longer结构完整，不缺成分，因此要用that引导表语从句。故填that。
第二节 完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分, 共30分）
Christmas was near a season that we took seriously in our house. But a week or so before the 25th, my father would give each of his children $ 20. This was the 1970s, and $ 20 was quite a bit of money.
But I saw it ___11___. My father trusted me to have the ____12____ to spend money wisely. Even better, he gave me the ___13___ to get it. On a very basic level ,my father was giving me a shopping spree（狂欢）every year. But he was also giving me charge over my own fun, trusting my ability to ___14___ money and making me feel like a/an ___15___. He didn't buy me Sherlock Holmes, but he gave me the means to walk into the bookstore and choose it for myself, so it felt like a gift from him.
My mother had a/an___16___for giving me what I needed, usually___17___at the moment I needed it most. This was when I was 25, I ___18___at being an adult on my very first try. I had quitted my ___19___job but had no new one. But when my mother___20___me a visit, I___21___a good show, telling her I had started my own company.
My mother knew that I was trying hard and failing at that time. It wasn't until___22___she left that I noticed at the foot of my bed an envelope thick with ____23____. She knew how ___24___ I needed it. She knew that had she just shown up with groceries, or___25___to pay my rent, she would have made me feel much _____26_____ . The cold, hard cash meant she was helping me. And, funnily enough, the___27___with which she gave the gift felt like she was giving me space to ___28___my life and preserve my dignity. My mother and father both did the same thing. One was giving me the means to take my own ___29___ ,and the other was giving me a second ___30___ when those decisions had cost me dearly.
11. A. positively B. differently C. naturally D. originally
12. A. intelligence B. passion C. power D. potential
13. A. courage B. suggestions C. discipline D. means
14. A. spend B. carry C. manage D. use
15. A. grown-up B. teenager C. adventurer D. pioneer
16. A. habit B. gift C. approach D. tradition
17. A. approximately B. about C. right D. slightly
18. A. failed B. fooled C. dropped D. fell
19. A. important B. creative C. challenging D. previous
20. A. brought B. suggested C. paid D. gave
21. A. put on B. put away C. put off D. put forward
22. A. before B. after C. when D. as
23. A. credit B. loans C. receipts D. cash
24. A. desperately B. hardly C. eventually D. accurately
25. A. attempted B. offered C. promised D. refused
26. A. better B. more C. less D. worse
27. A. decoration B. love C. distance D. method
28. A. defend B. equip C. fix D. develop
29. A. actions B. opportunities C. risks D. decisions
30. A. solution B. chance C. visit D. assistance
【答案】11. B 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. C 18. A 19. D 20. C 21. A 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. C 29. D 30. B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者从讲述圣诞节父母给自己的不同礼物，说到父母对自己伟大的、理智的爱让作者在成长的过程中越来越坚强。父亲教会他做决定的方法，母亲在他因所做决定损失惨重时给予帮助，让他再一次拥有机会。
【11题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是我的看法不同。A. positively乐观地；B. differently 不同地；C. naturally自然而然地；D. originally最初地。结合上文内容和本句but可知作者并不认为20美元是孩子不能花的巨额现金，故选B项。
【12题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的父亲相信我有明智花钱的智慧。A. intelligence 智慧；B. passion热情；C. power权力；D. potential潜力。由本句的wisely判断此处用“智慧”符合语境，故选A项。
【13题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：更好的是，他教我方法来获得它。A. courage勇气；B. suggestions建议；C. discipline纪律；D. means方法。根据下文的but he gave me the means to walk into the bookstore and choose it for myself,可知作者的父亲通过让作者自己选书的方法获得20美元，故此处用“方法”符合语境，且means是原词复现，故选D项。
【14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是他让我自己找乐子，相信我有管理钱的能力，并且让我感到自己像一个成人。A. spend花；B. carry 携带；C. manage管理；D. use使用。结合上下文可知，此处是指作者的父亲相信他可以管理好自己的钱，且前文的giving me charge over my own fun也有暗示，charge和manage是同义词复现，故选C项。
【15题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. grown-up成人；B. teenager 青少年；C. adventurer冒险者；D. pioneer先驱。结合上下文可知，此处是指作者认为可以自己管理钱让他觉得自己长大了，故用“成人”符合语境，故选A项。
【16题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈在送我东西方面有天赋，她总是在我恰好需要的时刻把东西送给我。A. habit习惯；B. gift天赋，礼物；C. approach途径；D. tradition传统。根据下文的at the moment I needed it most可推测作者的妈妈擅长送礼物，故此处用“有天赋”符合语境，have a gift for在某方面有天赋，故选B项。
【17题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. approximately 适当地；B. about大约；C. right恰好（表强调）；D. slightly稍微地。结合下文的My mother knew that I was trying hard and failing at that time. It wasn't until___12___she left that I noticed at the foot of my bed an envelope thick with ____13____.可知作者的妈妈在他最需要钱的时候给他送了钱，故此处用“恰好需要”符合语境，故选C项。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那是我25岁的时候，我作为成人的第一次尝试失败了。A. failed失败；B. fooled愚弄；C. dropped下降；D. fell落下。根据下文的I had quitted my ___9___job but had no new one.可知作者辞去了工作，而且暂时没有新工作，故此处用“失败”符合语境，故选A项。
【19题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我已经辞去我之前的工作，但是还没有新工作。A. important重要的；B. creative创造性的；C. challenging具有挑战的；D. previous从前的。结合上下文可知，此处是指作者辞掉了从前的工作，故选D项。
【20题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是当妈妈来看我时，我上演了一出好戏，告诉她我已近启动了自己的公司。A. brought带来；B. suggested建议；C. paid支付，付出；D. gave给。此处考查短语pay a visit to sb拜访某人，故选C项。
【21题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. put on上演；B. put away方在一边，收好；C. put off推迟；D. put forward提出。结合上下文可知，此处是指作者骗妈妈说自己开了公司，故用“上演一出好戏”符合语境，故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查连词词意辨析。句意：直到她离开之后我才发现床脚下有个厚厚的装着现金的信封。A. before在……之前；B. after在……之后；C. when当；D. as当，随着，因为。结合上下文可知，作者的妈妈为了不让他感到尴尬，所以把装钱的信封藏在床脚下，因此推测作者是在妈妈走后才发现的，故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. credit信用卡；B. loans贷款；C. receipts收据；D. cash现金。根据下文的The cold, hard cash meant she was helping me.可知作者的妈妈提供现金来帮助他，故此处用“现金”符合语境，且cash是原词复现，故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她知道我有多迫切地需要那些钱。A. desperately迫切地；B. hardly几乎不；C. eventually最后；D. accurately准确地。根据前文的I had quitted my ___9___job but had no new one.可知作者当时没有工作，所以推测他迫切需要钱，故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她知道，如果她带着东西出现，或者主动为我交房租，她会让我感到更糟糕。A. attempted企图；B. offered主动提出；C. promised 承诺；D. refused拒绝。结合上下文可知，此处是作者假设妈妈主动给他交房租，会让他更难受，offer to do sth主动提出做某事，故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. better更好的；B. more更多的；C. less更少的； D. worse更糟糕的。根据前文的I had quitted my ___9___job but had no new one.可知作者当时没有工作，故推测他心情不好，如果妈妈再帮他交房租，会让他更难受，故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有趣的是，她给礼物的距离感让我觉得她是在给我空间来修复我的生活和保持我的尊严。A. decoration装饰；B. love爱；C. distance距离；D. method方法。根据前文的The cold, hard cash可知作者认为现金是冰冷无感情的，故推测此处用“距离感”符合语境，故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. defend防御；B. equip配备；C. fix修复；D. develop发展。结合上下文可知作者当时在工作上失败了，故推测妈妈用这样的方式来帮助他，让他觉得有空间调整自己，进而让自己的生活向着好的方向发展，故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个教我自己做决定的方法，另一个在我因所做决定损失惨重时给予帮助，让我再一次拥有机会。A. actions行为；B. opportunities机会；C. risks风险；D. decisions决定。根据前文的he gave me the means to walk into the bookstore and choose it for myself可知在买书时父亲让作者自己决定买哪些书，故此处用“做决定”符合文意，且下文的when those decisions had cost me dearly也有暗示，故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. solution解决方案；B. chance机会；C. visit拜访； D. assistance协助。结合上下文可知，此处是指作者的妈妈给他提供帮助，让他有机会可以恢复，故选B项。
【点睛】完成完形填空的技巧之一是利用复现原则，包括原词复现，同义词复现和反义词复现。以本篇为列：
第3小题答案means和下文but he gave me the means to walk into the bookstore and choose it for myself,的means是原词复现；
第4小题答案manage和前文giving me charge over my own fun中的charge是同义词复现；
第13小题答案cash和下文The cold, hard cash meant she was helping me.中的cash是原词复现；
第19小题答案decisions和下文when those decisions had cost me dearly中的decisions是原词复现。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
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31. To have a Stannah stairlift installed, one needs to _________.
A. remodel one’s living room B. schedule an in-home assessment
C. ensure constant power supply D. order a special stairway
32. Jenny may use the Coupon（优惠券）to save some money only if she_________.
A. rents the model advertised on Boston Globe
B. pays for the Stannah model which is on sale
C. purchases one brand new Stannah stairlift
D. publishes post-sale reviews on Trust-pilot
33 Which statement is TRUE about Stannah stair-lift mentioned in the advertisement?
A. It promises to regularly check on the old people who live independently.
B. It can be installed easily by following instructions in the brochure.
C. It provides fast and free repair services by professional technicians.
D. It offers an alternative to old people who don't want to be relocated.
【答案】31. B 32. C 33. D
【解析】
本文是一篇应用文，是斯坦纳家用座椅电梯的广告。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第五行“Call today to schedule your in-home stairs assessment
”可知，今天打电话来安排你的家庭楼梯评估，由此可知，要安装斯坦纳座椅电梯，需要安排一次住房评估，故B项正确。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据圆形图表中的“when purchased from Stannah”及“Only one discount per purchase”可知,珍妮只有在购买一个全新的斯坦纳座椅电梯时才可以使用优惠券享受一折的优惠省下一些钱，故C项正确。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据圆形图表下的段落最后一句话“Stannah stair-lifts are an exceptional choice for those desiring lo age gracefully at home.”可知，对于那些想要在家里优雅地老去的人来说，斯坦纳座椅电梯是一个特别的选择，也就是说，它为那些不愿搬迁的老人提供了一种选择，故D项正确。
B
Agnes de Mille was a dancer and a choreographer (编舞). Early in her career, de Mille had created the choreography for a ballet called Three Virgins and a Devil. She thought it was good work, but nobody made much of it.
A few years later, de Mille choreographed a ballet named Rodeo. Again, she thought her work was solid, but it resulted in little commercial fame.
Then, in 1943, de Mille choreographed Oklahoma!, a musical show that enjoyed nearly instant success. In the coming years, Oklahoma! would run for an incredible 2,212 performances, both around the nation and abroad. In 1955, the film version won an Academy Award.
But the success of Oklahoma! didn’t bring her much happiness. She thought that her work on Oklahoma! was only average compared to some of her other creations. She later said, “After the opening of Oklahoma!, I suddenly had unexpected success for a work I thought was only fairly good, after years of neglect for work I thought was fine. I began to think that perhaps my entire scale of values was untrustworthy. I talked to Martha.”
Martha was Martha Graham, perhaps the most influential dance choreographer of the 20th century. (Although not as well-known by the general public, Graham has been compared to other creative geniuses like Picasso or Frank Lloyd Wright.)
During their conversation, de Mille told Martha Graham about her frustration. “I confessed that I had a burning desire to be excellent, but no faith that I could be.”
Graham responded by saying:
“There is a vitality, a life force, an energy, a quickening that is translated through you into action, and because there is only one of you in all of time, this expression is unique. And if you block it, it will never exist through any other medium and it will be lost. The world will not have it. It is not your business to determine how good it is nor how valuable nor how it compares with other expressions. It is your business to keep it yours clearly and directly, to keep the channel open.”
34. What can be learned about de Mille’s ballet named Rodeo?
A. It earned her a large fortune. B. It made her rise to fame overnight.
C. It didn’t enjoy much success. D. It laid a solid foundation for her career.
35. How did de Mille feel about the great success of the musical Oklahoma!?
A. Relieved. B. Ashamed. C. Confused. D. Proud.
36. Picasso and Frank Lloyd Wright were mentioned in the passage to suggest that Martha Graham ______.
A. was outstanding in visual arts and architecture
B. enjoyed the same popularity as them
C. had been influenced greatly by them
D. was the most influential artist in her field
37. Which of the following statements best represents Graham’s words in this passage?
A. Comparing with others prevents you from maintaining uniqueness.
B. You should always keep yourself open to the urges that motivate you.
C. Your action reveals the inner landscape, which is the soul of music.
D. Choosing to be positive is going to determine how you live your life.
【答案】34. C 35. C 36. D 37. B
【解析】
这是一篇人物传记。讲述了Agnes de Mille在其所编的舞蹈Oklahoma获得成功之后，由于无法理解为什么之前她自认为更好的作品没有受到肯定，她对自己的世界观产生了怀疑。她和也许是20世纪最有影响力的舞蹈编舞的Graham讲述了自己的挫败感，Graham告诉她要对一切的激励保持开放的心态。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据题干中的“Rodeo”，定位至第二段，根据第二段中的“Again, she thought her work was solid, but it resulted in little commercial fame.（再次，她认为她的工作是可以成功的，但它导致很少商业声誉。）”可知这一次还是没有取得成功。故选C。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据题干中的“Oklahoma”，定位至第三段和第四段，根据第四段中的“I began to think that perhaps my entire scale of values was untrustworthy（我开始觉得我的整个价值观都不值得信任。）”由此可知，她的感觉是困惑不解的。故选C。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据题干中的“Picasso and Frank Lloyd Wright”定位至第五段，根据第五段中的“perhaps the most influential dance choreographer of the 20th century.（也许是20世纪最有影响力的舞蹈编舞。）”以及“Graham has been compared to other creative geniuses like Picasso or Frank Lloyd Wright.（Graham曾被拿来和Picasso或Frank Lloyd Wright这样的有创造力的天才相提并论。）”由此可知，提到Picasso和Frank Lloyd Wright是为了表明Graham在编舞领域和Picasso和Frank Lloyd Wrigh在他们各自的领域一样，都享有最好的声誉。故选D。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据题干中的“Graham’s words”定位至文章最后一段。从这一段中的“There is a vitality, a life force, an energy, a quickening that is translated through you into action,（有一种活力，一种生命力，一种能量，一种加速，通过你转化为动力）”以及最后一句“It is your business to keep it yours clearly and directly, to keep the channel open.（保持你的明确和直接，保持渠道开放，这才是你的事。）”可知，Graham想表达的是应该让你自己对一些激励你的动力保持开放状态。故选B。
C
As humanity has got richer, animal’s roles have changed. People need their services less than before. Fewer wolves and thieves meant less demand for dogs for protection; the internal combustion engine（内燃机）made horses unneeded; modern sanitation（卫生设备）kept rats in check and made cats less useful. No longer necessities, domestic animals became luxuries. Pet-keeping seems to kick in when household incomes rise above roughly $5,000. It is booming.
The trend is not a new one. Archaeologists（考古学家）have found 10,000-year-old graves in which dogs and people are buried together. Some cultures -- such as in Scandinavia, where dogs have long been both working dogs and companions -- have kept pets for thousands of years. But these days the pet-keeping urge has spread even to parts of the world which have no tradition of sinking into a comfortable chair with a furry creature.
The pet business is growing even faster than pet numbers, because people are spending more and more money on them. No longer are they food - waste - recyclers, fed with the remains that fall from their masters’ tables. Pet - food shelves are full of delicacies crafted to satisfy a range of appetites, including ice cream for dogs and foods for pets that are old, diabetic or suffer from sensitive digestion; a number of internet services offer food, tailored to the pet’s individual tastes.
In the business this is called “pet humanisation” -- the tendency of pet owners to treat their pets as part of the family. This is evident in the names given to dogs, which have evolved from Fido, Rex and Spot to -- in America -- Bella, Lucy and Max. It is evident in the growing market for pet clothing, pet grooming and pet hotels.
People still assume that pets must be working for humanity in some way, perhaps making people healthier or less anxious. But the evidence for that is weak. Rather, new research suggests that dogs have evolved those irresistible “puppy - dog eyes” precisely to affect human emotions. It has worked. The species that once enslaved others now works very hard to pay for the care of its pets. Sentimental（多愁善感的）Americans often refer to themselves not as cat-owners but as the cat’s “mommy” or “daddy”. South Koreans go one further, describing themselves as cat “butlers”. Watch an unlucky dog-walker trailing “his” hound（猎犬）, plastic bag in hand to pick up its mess, and you have to wonder: who’s in charge now?
38. Which of the following trends is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. People’s needs for animal services are decreasing.
B. Both the pet number and the pet business are growing.
C. Pets are increasingly making their owners less anxious.
D. Pet foods are more various and customized than before.
39. Which of the following is referred to as evidence of “pet humanization?”
A. The names given to pets in American families nowadays.
B. Pet’s inbuilt ability to affect emotions of their owners.
C. Human beings ever rising urge for pet-keeping.
D. Pet’s roles as both working staff and companions.
40. Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with?
A. Pets should be treated as equals of their human masters.
B. Human beings are getting much benefit from their pets.
C. Pet-keeping is still restricted within certain parts of the world.
D. Some pet owners spend too much money on their pets.
41. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. The Changing Roles of Animals B. The Urge for Pet-keeping
C. Who Owns Whom D. Love Me, Love My Dog
【答案】38. C 39. A 40. D 41. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文，主要抨击了如今人们养宠物的现象，一些人甚至已经沦为了宠物的奴隶。
38题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“People still assume that pets must be working for humanity in some way, perhaps making people healthier or less anxious. But the evidence for that is weak. Rather, new research suggests that dogs have evolved those irresistible “puppy - dog eyes” precisely to affect human emotions.”可知，人们仍然认为宠物必须以某种方式为人类工作，使人们更健康或更少焦虑，但这方面的证据并不充分，相反，新的研究表明狗狗进化出了那些不可抗拒的眼神，正是为了影响人类的情绪，因此“宠物越来越让主人不那么焦虑”这一说法是错误的，故C项正确。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In the business this is called “pet humanisation” -- the tendency of pet owners to treat their pets as part of the family. This is evident in the names given to dogs, which have evolved from Fido, Rex and Spot to -- in America -- Bella, Lucy and Max.”可知，在这个行业中，这被称为“宠物人性化”——宠物主人将宠物视为家庭的一部分的趋势，这一点在给狗起的名字中很明显，狗的名字从菲多、雷克斯和斯波特演变成——在美国的贝拉、露西和麦克斯，因此，现在美国家庭给宠物起的名字可以作为宠物人性化的证据，故A项正确。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The pet business is growing even faster than pet numbers, because people are spending more and more money on them.”可知，宠物生意的增长速度甚至超过了宠物数量，因为人们在宠物身上花费的钱越来越多，由此可知，作者认为一些宠物主人在他们的宠物身上花了太多的钱，故D项正确。
【41题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据文章最后一句话“and you have to wonder: who’s in charge now?”可知，本文主要抨击了如今人们养宠物的现象，一些人甚至已经沦为宠物的奴隶，故C项（谁是老大？）最适合做文章标题。
【点睛】文章标题形式的主旨大意题难度在于被选选项要具有高度的概括性，准确全面地体现出文章内容，因此抓住文章主题是关键，社会生活类文章通常作者会在文章最后表明自己的态度，而作者的态度一般即为文章主题，例如本篇第4题，通读全文，特别是根据文章最后一句话“and you have to wonder: who’s in charge now?”可知，本文主要抨击了如今人们养宠物的现象，一些人甚至已经沦为宠物的奴隶，这种现象不禁让人怀疑宠物和主人到底谁才是老大，言外之意，作者认为人们这种饲养宠物的方式是不可取的，故C项（谁是老大？）最适合做文章标题。
D
Learning a second language is tricky at any age and it only gets tougher the longer you wait to open that dusty French book. Now, in a new study, scientists have pinpointed the exact age at which your chances of reaching fluency in a second language seem to plummet: 10.
The study, published in the journal Cognition, found that it’s “nearly impossible” for language learners to reach native-level fluency if they start learning a second tongue after 10. But that doesn’t seem to be because language skills go downhill. “It turns out you’re still learning fast. It’s just that you run out of time, because your ability to learn starts dropping at around 17 or 18 years old,” says study co-author Joshua Hartshorne, an assistant professor of psychology at Boston College.
Kids may be better than adults at learning new languages for many reasons. Children’s brains are more plastic than those of adults, meaning they’re better able to adapt and respond to new information. “All learning involves the brain changing,” Hartshorne says, “and children’s brains seem to be a lot more skilled at changing.”
Kids may also be more willing to try new things (and to potentially look foolish in the process) than adults are. Their comparatively new grasp on their native tongue may also be advantageous. Unlike adults, who tend to default (默认) to the rules and patterns of their first language, kids may be able to approach a new one with a blank slate (石板).
These findings may seem discouraging, but it was heartening for scientists to learn that the critical period for fluent language acquisition might be longer than they previously thought. Some scientists believed that the brief window closes shortly after birth, while others stretched it only to early adolescence. Compared to those estimates, 17 or 18 — when language learning ability starts to drop off — seems relatively old.
“People fared better when they learned by immersion (沉浸), rather than simply in a classroom. And moving to a place where your desired language is spoken is the best way to learn as an adult. If that’s not an option, you can mimic an immersive environment by finding ways to have conversations with native speakers in their own communities,” Hartshorne says. By doing so, it’s possible to become conversationally proficient — even without the advantage of a child’s brain.
42. The underlined word “plummet” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “__________”.
A. decrease B. rise
C. end D. vary
43. What can be inferred from Joshua Hartshorne’s words?
A. Children are too young to grasp a second language.
B. Age 10-18 is the best time to learn a second language.
C. Adults go beyond the critical period for learning a second language.
D Communicating with native speakers enables you to master all the language skills.
44. Why adults can’t reach native-level fluency in a second language?
A. Adults are less influenced by their mother tongues.
B. Adults spend more time responding to new information.
C. Adults are only too willing to experience something awkward in the process.
D. Adults prefer an immersive environment to a classroom in learning a second language.
45. The passage is mainly about __________.
A. the best age to learn a second language
B. the approaches to learning a second language
C. why kids learn a second language more easily than adults
D. whether adults can learn a second language like their younger selves
【答案】42. A 43. C 44. D 45. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章通过研究发现，介绍了为什么孩子比大人更容易学会一门新的语言。
【42题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第一段划线词所在句Now, in a new study, scientists have pinpointed the exact age at which your chances of reaching fluency in a second language seem to plummet: 10. 现在，科学家们在一项新的研究中精确地指出了你达到流利水平的第二语言的机会________确切年龄：10岁。再根据第二段中The study, published in the journal Cognition, found that it’s “nearly impossible” for language learners to reach native-level fluency if they start learning a second tongue after 10. 这篇发表在《认知》杂志上的研究发现，如果语言学习者从10岁以后才开始学习第二语言，他们就“几乎不可能”达到母语水平的流利程度。可知，此处表示的是10岁以后才学习第二语言想达到流利水平的机会就会下降，因此猜测划线词plummet意为“下降，降低”。故选A项。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“It turns out you’re still learning fast. It’s just that you run out of time, because your ability to learn starts dropping at around 17 or 18 years old,” says study co-author Joshua Hartshorne, an assistant professor of psychology at Boston College.该研究报告的联名作者、波士顿学院心理学助理教授乔舒亚·哈特肖恩说：“事实上，你还是能学得很快。问题在于这时候你的时间已经不多了，因为到了17~18岁左右，人的学习能力就会开始下降。”以及第三段中“All learning involves the brain changing,” Hartshorne says, “and children’s brains seem to be a lot more skilled at changing.” 哈特肖恩说：“所有学习都跟大脑的改变有关，而孩子的大脑对改变的适应能力似乎比成年人强得多。”可知，乔舒亚•哈特肖恩认为成年人已经错过了学习第二语言的关键时期。故选C项。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“People fared better when they learned by immersion (沉浸), rather than simply in a classroom. And moving to a place where your desired language is spoken is the best way to learn as an adult....” Hartshorne says.乔舒亚•哈特肖恩说：“通过浸入式学习，而不是简单地在教室里学习，人们的表现会更好。一个成年人学外语的时候，最好的学习方法是搬到一个使用你想学的语言的地方去……”。可知，成年人在学习第二语言时更应该选择身临其境的环境而不是在教室里。故选D项。
【45题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中Now, in a new study, scientists have pinpointed the exact age at which your chances of reaching fluency in a second language seem to plummet: 10. 现在，科学家们在一项新的研究中精确地指出了你达到流利的第二语言的机会下降的确切年龄：10岁；第二段中The study, published in the journal Cognition, found that it’s “nearly impossible” for language learners to reach native-level fluency if they start learning a second tongue after 10. 这篇发表在《认知》杂志上的研究发现，如果语言学习者从10岁以后才开始学习第二语言，他们就“几乎不可能”达到母语水平的流利程度；第三段中Kids may be better than adults at learning new languages for many reasons. 在学习新语言方面，孩子们可能比成年人做得更好，原因有很多。再通读全文，可知，本文主要是介绍了研究发现了为什么孩子比大人更容易学会第二门新的语言。因此选项C“why kids learn a second language more easily than adults”符合题意。故选C项。
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2分, 共10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项.
Anxiety Disorders
Everybody worries or feels nervous from time to time. ____46____ But for people with anxiety disorders, those fears and worries aren’t temporary. Their anxiety persists, and can even get worse over time.
Anxiety disorders can severely impair a person’s ability to function at work, school and in social situations. ____47____ Fortunately, though, there are effective treatments for anxiety.
In some cases, medications have a role in treating anxiety disorders. Yet research shows behavioral treatment, alone or in combination with medication, is a highly effective treatment for most people with an anxiety disorder.
Understanding Anxiety
Anxiety disorders are common in both adults and children. About 18 percent of U.S. adults and 25 percent of adolescents age 13 to 18 will experience anxiety, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. ___48___
There are several major types of anxiety disorders: generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, etc.
Seeing a Psychologist About Anxiety Disorders
Though many types of anxiety disorders exist, research suggests that most are driven by similar underlying processes. People with anxiety disorders tend to become easily overwhelmed by their emotions, and they tend to have particularly negative reactions to those unpleasant feelings and situations.
___49___ Unfortunately, avoidance can backfire and actually feed the anxiety.
Psychologists are trained in diagnosing anxiety disorders and teaching patients healthier, more effective ways to cope. A form of psychotherapy known as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is highly effective at treating anxiety disorders. Through CBT, psychologists help patients learn to identify and manage the factors that contribute to their anxiety.
Psychotherapy for Anxiety Disorders: What to Expect
Psychotherapy is a collaborative process, where psychologists and patients work together to identify specific concerns and develop concrete skills and techniques for coping with anxiety.____50____ However, psychologists won't push patients into such scenarios until they’re sure they have the skills they need to effectively confront their fears. Psychologists sometimes use other approaches to treat anxiety disorders in addition to CBT, among which group psychotherapy and family therapy are two effective ways.
A. Anxiety disorders are very treatable.
B. Anxiety is a normal human reaction to stressful situations.
C. Anxiety can also interfere with a person’s relationships with family members and friends.
D. About 4 percent of adults, and nearly 6 percent of teens, have anxiety disorders classified as severe.
E. Often, people try to cope with those negative reactions by avoiding situations or experiences that make them anxious.
F. Patients can expect to practice their new skills outside of sessions to manage anxiety in situations that might make them uncomfortable.
G. People with anxiety worry about a number of concerns, such as health problems or finances, and may have a general sense that something bad is going to happen.
【答案】46. B 47. C 48. D 49. E 50. F
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了焦虑症的相关情况以及一些治疗焦虑的有效方法。
【46题详解】
根据下一句But for people with anxiety disorders, those fears and worries aren’t temporary. 但对于患有焦虑症的人来说，这些恐惧和担忧并不是暂时的。可知，此处内容与正常人的压力和患有焦虑症状的人的压力不同有关，选项B“焦虑是人类面对压力时的正常反应。”符合题意。故选B。
【47题详解】
根据上一句Anxiety disorders can severely impair a person’s ability to function at work, school and in social situations.焦虑症会严重损害一个人在工作、学校和社交场合的能力。此处内容与焦虑症带来的不好影响有关，选项C“焦虑也会影响一个人与家人和朋友的关系。”符合题意。故选C。
【48题详解】
根据上一句About 18 percent of U.S. adults and 25 percent of adolescents age 13 to 18 will experience anxiety, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. 根据美国国家心理健康研究所的数据，大约18%的美国成年人和25%的13到18岁的青少年会感到焦虑。可知，此处内容与研究的结果有关，选项D“大约4%的成年人和近6%的青少年患有严重的焦虑症。”符合题意。故选D。
【49题详解】
根据下一句Unfortunately, avoidance can backfire and actually feed the anxiety. 不幸的是，逃避会适得其反，反而加剧焦虑。可知，此处内容与有人们的逃避行为有关，选项E“通常，人们试图通过避免让他们焦虑的情况或经历来应对这些消极反应。”符合题意。故选E。
【50题详解】
根据上一句Psychotherapy is a collaborative process, where psychologists and patients work together to identify specific concerns and develop concrete skills and techniques for coping with anxiety.心理治疗是一个协作的过程，心理学家和患者一起工作，以确定具体的问题和发展具体的技能和技巧，以应对焦虑。以及下一句However, psychologists won't push patients into such scenarios until they’re sure they have the skills they need to effectively confront their fears. 然而，心理学家不会把病人推入这样的情境，直到他们确信他们有能力有效地面对他们的恐惧。可知，此处内容与患者（病人）自己掌握技能处理焦虑有关，选项F“患者可以期望在会议之外练习他们的新技能，以应对可能让他们感到不舒服的情况下的焦虑。”符合题意。故选F。
【点睛】七选五的解题技巧之一是根据上下文词汇来锁定线索。即：要关注空白前后的名词和动词，然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等。其次是一些专有名词，比如说数词、代词、时间、年代、地点/名称等。在本文中，第5小题中的they指代的是选项F中的Patients。故选F项。
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，35分)
第一节（15分）
51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他想看一个关于中国文化方面的展览，并请你推荐。请给他回信，内容包括：
1. 介绍展览的相关内容（例如：时间、地点、主题等）；
2. 说明你推荐该展览的原因；
3. 询问对方的意向。
注意：1. 词数不少于50；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
It’s great to hear from you. Knowing you want to see an exhibition about Chinese culture, I’d like to recommend one to you.
The exhibition of Chinese folk arts and crafts is now on at the Capital Museum and will last until April 30th with free admission. Artists from all over the country bring their masterpieces: Nianhua paintings from Tianjin, kites from Weifang, paper-cuts from Shaanxi, and so on.
I strongly suggest you visit this exhibition, for it will totally immerse you in Chinese culture. You will have a great chance to watch the artists create their works up close. Moreover, there is even a hands-on area for you to make your own art.
Does this exhibition appeal to you? If you are interested, log onto the museum’s official website to make a reservation. You won’t be disappointed, I promise!
Yours,
Li Hua
Dear Jim,
I’m delighted to receive your e-mail. Knowing you have a strong passion for exhibitions about Chinese culture, I’d like to recommend one to you.
The exhibition of Chinese folk arts and crafts is now on at the Capital Museum and will last until April 30th with free admission. Artists from all over the country bring their masterpieces: Nianhua paintings from Tianjin, kites from Weifang, paper-cuts from Shaanxi, and so on.
I strongly suggest you visit this exhibition, for it will totally immerse you in Chinese culture. You will have a great chance to watch the artists create their works up close. Moreover, there is even a hands-on area for you to make your own art.
Hope it helps! Please drop me a line to let me know your decision at your early convenience and feel for free to contact to me if you have further questions. Looking forward to your response.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
考查应用文中的电子邮件写作。
【详解】题目要求假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他想看一个关于中国文化方面的展览，并请你推荐。请给他回信，内容包括：1. 介绍展览的相关内容（例如：时间、地点、主题等）；2. 说明你推荐该展览的原因；3. 询问对方的意向。
分析可知，应该以第一人称为主，一般现在时进行写作。要点已经给出，要求考生根据提纲自己发挥拓展，考生要先想好写哪几点，运用合适的语法规则和词汇把各要点都准确表述出。描述要尽量选择简洁的语言，难点在于选择词汇和句型，可以灵活运用高级词汇和固定短语准确表述。还要用适当的连接词把句子连接起来，这样文章显得更连贯。
【点睛】这篇书信类短文的关键在于要点的拓展，同时注意谋篇布局的顺序，运用合适的连接词连接全文，同时选择高级的词汇和语法项目让文章更有文采。I strongly suggest you visit this exhibition, for it will totally immerse you in Chinese culture.宾语从句的运用。
第二节（20分）
52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。 上周，你和同学们参加了朝阳区组织的“三大战疫 有我有你”海报设计活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Last week, a poster design activity whose theme was “Both you and I are in the three battles fighting against the pollution” was organized by Chaoyang district. Five of my classmates and I, working as volunteers, took part in the activity.
We six had a heat discussion, planning the content and design for it. We finally reached the agreement that we would be divided into three groups and each group took charge of one specific pollution problem. Then we made some necessary preparations from TV, computer and newspaper. With the information collected, we put them into the different zones of the poster. Three days later, a poster with the theme was designed. It was meaningful for us to participate in the activity. I couldn’t help but to picture the day when these issues are finally solved with every individual’s effort. Chaoyang district will surely be a better place then.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一篇英文周记，记述和同学们参加了朝阳区组织的“三大战疫 有我有你”海报设计活动的整个过程。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
人称：第一人称
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般过去时。
结构：总-分法
要点：1.参加板报设计；
2.准备的过程；
3.对活动的感想。
第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）
fight against；work as；take part in；have a heat discussion；reach the agreement；divide into；take charge of；make preparations；put into；couldn’t help but to等
第三步：连词成句
1. A poster design activity whose theme was “Both you and I are in the three battles fighting against the pollution” was organized by Chaoyang district.
2. Five of my classmates and I, working as volunteers, took part in the activity.
3. We six had a heat discussion, planning the content and design for it.
4. We finally reached the agreement that we would be divided into three groups and each group took charge of one specific pollution problem.
5. With the information collected, we put them into the different zones of the poster.
6. It was meaningful for us to participate in the activity.
7. I couldn’t help but to picture the day when these issues are finally solved with every individual’s effort.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：finally；then；later；
2.表并列补充关系：and；
3.表转折对比关系：but等
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多高分句型，如：A poster design activity whose theme was “Both you and I are in the three battles fighting against the pollution” was organized by Chaoyang district.使用了由whose+名词引导的定语从句；We six had a heat discussion, planning the content and design for it. 使用了现在分词作状语；We finally reached the agreement that we would be divided into three groups and each group took charge of one specific pollution problem.使用了由that引导的同位语从句；With the information collected, we put them into the different zones of the poster.使用了with的复合结构；It was meaningful for us to participate in the activity.使用了it作形式主语；I couldn’t help but to picture the day when these issues are finally solved with every individual’s effort. 使用了由when引导的定语从句等。还使用了一些固定短语，如：fight against；work as；take part in；divide into；take charge of；make preparations；couldn’t help but to等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
英语（A卷）
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分, 共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Tom and Jerry, with its funny violence and dark comedy, ___1___ (remain) popular around the world today. In the 80 years ___2___ their creation, the cat and mouse have appeared in everything from a “kids” version to a 1992 musical movie ___3___ they sang and spoke. Warner Brothers, who now own the rights to Tom and Jerry, ___4___ (release) a new live-action film just before Christmas this year. Fans are filled with expectations for the film.
【答案】1. remains
2. since 3. where
4. will release
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了为了纪念《猫和老鼠》上映80周年，华纳影业将在今年推出真人版《猫和老鼠》电影。影迷们对这部电影充满了期待。
【1题详解】
考查时态。句意：《猫和老鼠》凭借其滑稽的打闹场面和黑色喜剧的风格，至今仍在世界各地流行。根据today可知时态是一般现在时，且主语是Tom and Jerry这部电影，因此要用第三人称单数。故填remains。
【2题详解】
考查连词。句意：诞生80年来，汤姆和杰瑞从“儿童”动画到他们又说又唱的1992年的音乐电影，以无数种方式出现在了人们的视野中。根据In the 80 years和主句谓语have appeared可知此处要用连词，表示“自……以来”。故填since。
【3题详解】
考查定语从句的关系词。句意：诞生80年来，汤姆和杰瑞从“儿童”动画到他们又说又唱的1992年的音乐电影，以无数种方式出现在了人们的视野中。此处是由where引导的定语从句where they sang and spoke，先行词是a 1992 musical movie，where在从句中作状语。故填where。
【4题详解】
考查时态。句意：《猫和老鼠》的版权如今在华纳影业手中，他们将在今年圣诞节前推出一部新的真人版电影。根据before Christmas this year可知此处要用一般将来时，主语是Warner Brothers。故填will release。
【点睛】第1小题考查了一般现在时主语是第三人称的用法。一般现在时的用法：
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue. 天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day. 我每天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
一般现在时的结构：
1.be动词：主语+be（am，is，are）其它。如：I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。
2.行为动词：主语+行为动词（+其它）。如：We study English我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数（he，she，it）时，要在动词后加-s或-es。如：
Mary likes Chinese玛丽喜欢汉语
一般现在时常用的时间词：often，usually，sometimes，every day（week，year..）等。
A.第三人称单数形式的构成
一般现在时主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词后要加s或es，其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同：
1.一般情况下只在动词后加s，如work-works，write-writes.
2.以o，s，x，sh，ch结尾的动词，后加-es，如guess-guesses，mix-mixes，finish-finishes，catch-catches.
3.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，改y为i加-es，如study-studies.
注：不规则变化有 have-has
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A lonely Japanese billionaire___5___(plan) to fly to the moon on Elon Musk’s rocket is looking for the love of his life to join him on his journey. He just hasn’t found her yet.
Yusaku Maezawa, the first paying passenger on Space X’s maiden tourist voyage to the moon in 2023, tweeted a link on Sunday to a website where women can apply to be his companion ___6___ the week-long space flight. “I’m 44 now,” Maezawa said on the website. “As feelings of ___7___ (lonely) slowly begin to surge(涌上) upon me, there’s one thing that I think about: Continuing to love one woman.”
【答案】5. planning
6. on 7. loneliness
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了44岁日本亿万富翁前泽友作，正在招募他2023年月球之旅的伴侣。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一个孤独的日本亿万富翁计划乘坐埃隆·马斯克的火箭飞往月球，他正在寻找一生的挚爱加入他的旅程。但是，他还没有找到她。此句谓语动词是is looking for，且plan和Japanese billionaire之间是主动关系，因此要用现在分词。故填planning。
【6题详解】
考查介词。句意：前泽友作是2023年SpaceX首次登月旅行的第一位付费乘客，上周日他在推特上发布了一个链接，该链接指向一个网站，女性可以在网站上申请，成为他为期一周太空之旅的伴侣。根据the week-long space fligh可知此处要用介词表示“在……之上”。故填on。
【7题详解】
考查名词。句意：“当孤独的感觉慢慢涌上心头时，我想到了一件事：持续地爱一个女人。”短语feelings of loneliness孤独感，loneliness是不可数名词。故填loneliness。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
This aging of the population is driven by two factors. The first is declining birth rates, which means old generations are large ____8____（compare） to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes older than before. This is ___9___（especial） true in the US. The second reason is ___10___ people are living longer. A child born in the US today has a very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.
【答案】8. compared
9. especially
10. that
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人口老龄化是由两个原因造成的。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：首先是出生率的下降，这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多，因此，平均而言，人口比以前老龄化。宾语从句的谓语的are large，且compare与逻辑主语是old generations之间是被动词关系，因此此处要用过去分词形式在句子中做状语。故填compared。
【9题详解】
考查副词。句意：在美国尤其如此。此处要用副词修饰形容词true。故填especially。
【10题详解】
考查表语从句的引导词。句意：第二个原因是人们的寿命变长了。根据系动词is可知此处是一个表语从句，从句people are living longer结构完整，不缺成分，因此要用that引导表语从句。故填that。
第二节 完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分, 共30分）
Christmas was near a season that we took seriously in our house. But a week or so before the 25th, my father would give each of his children $ 20. This was the 1970s, and $ 20 was quite a bit of money.
But I saw it ___11___. My father trusted me to have the ____12____ to spend money wisely. Even better, he gave me the ___13___ to get it. On a very basic level ,my father was giving me a shopping spree（狂欢）every year. But he was also giving me charge over my own fun, trusting my ability to ___14___ money and making me feel like a/an ___15___. He didn't buy me Sherlock Holmes, but he gave me the means to walk into the bookstore and choose it for myself, so it felt like a gift from him.
My mother had a/an___16___for giving me what I needed, usually___17___at the moment I needed it most. This was when I was 25, I ___18___at being an adult on my very first try. I had quitted my ___19___job but had no new one. But when my mother___20___me a visit, I___21___a good show, telling her I had started my own company.
My mother knew that I was trying hard and failing at that time. It wasn't until___22___she left that I noticed at the foot of my bed an envelope thick with ____23____. She knew how ___24___ I needed it. She knew that had she just shown up with groceries, or___25___to pay my rent, she would have made me feel much _____26_____ . The cold, hard cash meant she was helping me. And, funnily enough, the___27___with which she gave the gift felt like she was giving me space to ___28___my life and preserve my dignity. My mother and father both did the same thing. One was giving me the means to take my own ___29___ ,and the other was giving me a second ___30___ when those decisions had cost me dearly.
11. A. positively B. differently C. naturally D. originally
12. A. intelligence B. passion C. power D. potential
13. A. courage B. suggestions C. discipline D. means
14. A. spend B. carry C. manage D. use
15. A. grown-up B. teenager C. adventurer D. pioneer
16. A. habit B. gift C. approach D. tradition
17. A. approximately B. about C. right D. slightly
18. A. failed B. fooled C. dropped D. fell
19. A. important B. creative C. challenging D. previous
20. A. brought B. suggested C. paid D. gave
21. A. put on B. put away C. put off D. put forward
22. A. before B. after C. when D. as
23. A. credit B. loans C. receipts D. cash
24. A. desperately B. hardly C. eventually D. accurately
25. A. attempted B. offered C. promised D. refused
26. A. better B. more C. less D. worse
27. A. decoration B. love C. distance D. method
28. A. defend B. equip C. fix D. develop
29. A. actions B. opportunities C. risks D. decisions
30. A. solution B. chance C. visit D. assistance
【答案】11. B 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. C 18. A 19. D 20. C 21. A 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. C 29. D 30. B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者从讲述圣诞节父母给自己的不同礼物，说到父母对自己伟大的、理智的爱让作者在成长的过程中越来越坚强。父亲教会他做决定的方法，母亲在他因所做决定损失惨重时给予帮助，让他再一次拥有机会。
【11题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是我的看法不同。A. positively乐观地；B. differently 不同地；C. naturally自然而然地；D. originally最初地。结合上文内容和本句but可知作者并不认为20美元是孩子不能花的巨额现金，故选B项。
【12题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的父亲相信我有明智花钱的智慧。A. intelligence 智慧；B. passion热情；C. power权力；D. potential潜力。由本句的wisely判断此处用“智慧”符合语境，故选A项。
【13题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：更好的是，他教我方法来获得它。A. courage勇气；B. suggestions建议；C. discipline纪律；D. means方法。根据下文的but he gave me the means to walk into the bookstore and choose it for myself,可知作者的父亲通过让作者自己选书的方法获得20美元，故此处用“方法”符合语境，且means是原词复现，故选D项。
【14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是他让我自己找乐子，相信我有管理钱的能力，并且让我感到自己像一个成人。A. spend花；B. carry 携带；C. manage管理；D. use使用。结合上下文可知，此处是指作者的父亲相信他可以管理好自己的钱，且前文的giving me charge over my own fun也有暗示，charge和manage是同义词复现，故选C项。
【15题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. grown-up成人；B. teenager 青少年；C. adventurer冒险者；D. pioneer先驱。结合上下文可知，此处是指作者认为可以自己管理钱让他觉得自己长大了，故用“成人”符合语境，故选A项。
【16题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈在送我东西方面有天赋，她总是在我恰好需要的时刻把东西送给我。A. habit习惯；B. gift天赋，礼物；C. approach途径；D. tradition传统。根据下文的at the moment I needed it most可推测作者的妈妈擅长送礼物，故此处用“有天赋”符合语境，have a gift for在某方面有天赋，故选B项。
【17题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. approximately 适当地；B. about大约；C. right恰好（表强调）；D. slightly稍微地。结合下文的My mother knew that I was trying hard and failing at that time. It wasn't until___12___she left that I noticed at the foot of my bed an envelope thick with ____13____.可知作者的妈妈在他最需要钱的时候给他送了钱，故此处用“恰好需要”符合语境，故选C项。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那是我25岁的时候，我作为成人的第一次尝试失败了。A. failed失败；B. fooled愚弄；C. dropped下降；D. fell落下。根据下文的I had quitted my ___9___job but had no new one.可知作者辞去了工作，而且暂时没有新工作，故此处用“失败”符合语境，故选A项。
【19题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我已经辞去我之前的工作，但是还没有新工作。A. important重要的；B. creative创造性的；C. challenging具有挑战的；D. previous从前的。结合上下文可知，此处是指作者辞掉了从前的工作，故选D项。
【20题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是当妈妈来看我时，我上演了一出好戏，告诉她我已近启动了自己的公司。A. brought带来；B. suggested建议；C. paid支付，付出；D. gave给。此处考查短语pay a visit to sb拜访某人，故选C项。
【21题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. put on上演；B. put away方在一边，收好；C. put off推迟；D. put forward提出。结合上下文可知，此处是指作者骗妈妈说自己开了公司，故用“上演一出好戏”符合语境，故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查连词词意辨析。句意：直到她离开之后我才发现床脚下有个厚厚的装着现金的信封。A. before在……之前；B. after在……之后；C. when当；D. as当，随着，因为。结合上下文可知，作者的妈妈为了不让他感到尴尬，所以把装钱的信封藏在床脚下，因此推测作者是在妈妈走后才发现的，故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. credit信用卡；B. loans贷款；C. receipts收据；D. cash现金。根据下文的The cold, hard cash meant she was helping me.可知作者的妈妈提供现金来帮助他，故此处用“现金”符合语境，且cash是原词复现，故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她知道我有多迫切地需要那些钱。A. desperately迫切地；B. hardly几乎不；C. eventually最后；D. accurately准确地。根据前文的I had quitted my ___9___job but had no new one.可知作者当时没有工作，所以推测他迫切需要钱，故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她知道，如果她带着东西出现，或者主动为我交房租，她会让我感到更糟糕。A. attempted企图；B. offered主动提出；C. promised 承诺；D. refused拒绝。结合上下文可知，此处是作者假设妈妈主动给他交房租，会让他更难受，offer to do sth主动提出做某事，故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. better更好的；B. more更多的；C. less更少的； D. worse更糟糕的。根据前文的I had quitted my ___9___job but had no new one.可知作者当时没有工作，故推测他心情不好，如果妈妈再帮他交房租，会让他更难受，故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有趣的是，她给礼物的距离感让我觉得她是在给我空间来修复我的生活和保持我的尊严。A. decoration装饰；B. love爱；C. distance距离；D. method方法。根据前文的The cold, hard cash可知作者认为现金是冰冷无感情的，故推测此处用“距离感”符合语境，故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. defend防御；B. equip配备；C. fix修复；D. develop发展。结合上下文可知作者当时在工作上失败了，故推测妈妈用这样的方式来帮助他，让他觉得有空间调整自己，进而让自己的生活向着好的方向发展，故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个教我自己做决定的方法，另一个在我因所做决定损失惨重时给予帮助，让我再一次拥有机会。A. actions行为；B. opportunities机会；C. risks风险；D. decisions决定。根据前文的he gave me the means to walk into the bookstore and choose it for myself可知在买书时父亲让作者自己决定买哪些书，故此处用“做决定”符合文意，且下文的when those decisions had cost me dearly也有暗示，故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. solution解决方案；B. chance机会；C. visit拜访； D. assistance协助。结合上下文可知，此处是指作者的妈妈给他提供帮助，让他有机会可以恢复，故选B项。
【点睛】完成完形填空的技巧之一是利用复现原则，包括原词复现，同义词复现和反义词复现。以本篇为列：
第3小题答案means和下文but he gave me the means to walk into the bookstore and choose it for myself,的means是原词复现；
第4小题答案manage和前文giving me charge over my own fun中的charge是同义词复现；
第13小题答案cash和下文The cold, hard cash meant she was helping me.中的cash是原词复现；
第19小题答案decisions和下文when those decisions had cost me dearly中的decisions是原词复现。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
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31. To have a Stannah stairlift installed, one needs to _________.
A. remodel one’s living room B. schedule an in-home assessment
C. ensure constant power supply D. order a special stairway
32. Jenny may use the Coupon（优惠券）to save some money only if she_________.
A. rents the model advertised on Boston Globe
B. pays for the Stannah model which is on sale
C. purchases one brand new Stannah stairlift
D. publishes post-sale reviews on Trust-pilot
33 Which statement is TRUE about Stannah stair-lift mentioned in the advertisement?
A. It promises to regularly check on the old people who live independently.
B. It can be installed easily by following instructions in the brochure.
C. It provides fast and free repair services by professional technicians.
D. It offers an alternative to old people who don't want to be relocated.
【答案】31. B 32. C 33. D
【解析】
本文是一篇应用文，是斯坦纳家用座椅电梯的广告。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第五行“Call today to schedule your in-home stairs assessment
”可知，今天打电话来安排你的家庭楼梯评估，由此可知，要安装斯坦纳座椅电梯，需要安排一次住房评估，故B项正确。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据圆形图表中的“when purchased from Stannah”及“Only one discount per purchase”可知,珍妮只有在购买一个全新的斯坦纳座椅电梯时才可以使用优惠券享受一折的优惠省下一些钱，故C项正确。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据圆形图表下的段落最后一句话“Stannah stair-lifts are an exceptional choice for those desiring lo age gracefully at home.”可知，对于那些想要在家里优雅地老去的人来说，斯坦纳座椅电梯是一个特别的选择，也就是说，它为那些不愿搬迁的老人提供了一种选择，故D项正确。
B
Agnes de Mille was a dancer and a choreographer (编舞). Early in her career, de Mille had created the choreography for a ballet called Three Virgins and a Devil. She thought it was good work, but nobody made much of it.
A few years later, de Mille choreographed a ballet named Rodeo. Again, she thought her work was solid, but it resulted in little commercial fame.
Then, in 1943, de Mille choreographed Oklahoma!, a musical show that enjoyed nearly instant success. In the coming years, Oklahoma! would run for an incredible 2,212 performances, both around the nation and abroad. In 1955, the film version won an Academy Award.
But the success of Oklahoma! didn’t bring her much happiness. She thought that her work on Oklahoma! was only average compared to some of her other creations. She later said, “After the opening of Oklahoma!, I suddenly had unexpected success for a work I thought was only fairly good, after years of neglect for work I thought was fine. I began to think that perhaps my entire scale of values was untrustworthy. I talked to Martha.”
Martha was Martha Graham, perhaps the most influential dance choreographer of the 20th century. (Although not as well-known by the general public, Graham has been compared to other creative geniuses like Picasso or Frank Lloyd Wright.)
During their conversation, de Mille told Martha Graham about her frustration. “I confessed that I had a burning desire to be excellent, but no faith that I could be.”
Graham responded by saying:
“There is a vitality, a life force, an energy, a quickening that is translated through you into action, and because there is only one of you in all of time, this expression is unique. And if you block it, it will never exist through any other medium and it will be lost. The world will not have it. It is not your business to determine how good it is nor how valuable nor how it compares with other expressions. It is your business to keep it yours clearly and directly, to keep the channel open.”
34. What can be learned about de Mille’s ballet named Rodeo?
A. It earned her a large fortune. B. It made her rise to fame overnight.
C. It didn’t enjoy much success. D. It laid a solid foundation for her career.
35. How did de Mille feel about the great success of the musical Oklahoma!?
A. Relieved. B. Ashamed. C. Confused. D. Proud.
36. Picasso and Frank Lloyd Wright were mentioned in the passage to suggest that Martha Graham ______.
A. was outstanding in visual arts and architecture
B. enjoyed the same popularity as them
C. had been influenced greatly by them
D. was the most influential artist in her field
37. Which of the following statements best represents Graham’s words in this passage?
A. Comparing with others prevents you from maintaining uniqueness.
B. You should always keep yourself open to the urges that motivate you.
C. Your action reveals the inner landscape, which is the soul of music.
D. Choosing to be positive is going to determine how you live your life.
【答案】34. C 35. C 36. D 37. B
【解析】
这是一篇人物传记。讲述了Agnes de Mille在其所编的舞蹈Oklahoma获得成功之后，由于无法理解为什么之前她自认为更好的作品没有受到肯定，她对自己的世界观产生了怀疑。她和也许是20世纪最有影响力的舞蹈编舞的Graham讲述了自己的挫败感，Graham告诉她要对一切的激励保持开放的心态。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据题干中的“Rodeo”，定位至第二段，根据第二段中的“Again, she thought her work was solid, but it resulted in little commercial fame.（再次，她认为她的工作是可以成功的，但它导致很少商业声誉。）”可知这一次还是没有取得成功。故选C。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据题干中的“Oklahoma”，定位至第三段和第四段，根据第四段中的“I began to think that perhaps my entire scale of values was untrustworthy（我开始觉得我的整个价值观都不值得信任。）”由此可知，她的感觉是困惑不解的。故选C。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据题干中的“Picasso and Frank Lloyd Wright”定位至第五段，根据第五段中的“perhaps the most influential dance choreographer of the 20th century.（也许是20世纪最有影响力的舞蹈编舞。）”以及“Graham has been compared to other creative geniuses like Picasso or Frank Lloyd Wright.（Graham曾被拿来和Picasso或Frank Lloyd Wright这样的有创造力的天才相提并论。）”由此可知，提到Picasso和Frank Lloyd Wright是为了表明Graham在编舞领域和Picasso和Frank Lloyd Wrigh在他们各自的领域一样，都享有最好的声誉。故选D。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据题干中的“Graham’s words”定位至文章最后一段。从这一段中的“There is a vitality, a life force, an energy, a quickening that is translated through you into action,（有一种活力，一种生命力，一种能量，一种加速，通过你转化为动力）”以及最后一句“It is your business to keep it yours clearly and directly, to keep the channel open.（保持你的明确和直接，保持渠道开放，这才是你的事。）”可知，Graham想表达的是应该让你自己对一些激励你的动力保持开放状态。故选B。
C
As humanity has got richer, animal’s roles have changed. People need their services less than before. Fewer wolves and thieves meant less demand for dogs for protection; the internal combustion engine（内燃机）made horses unneeded; modern sanitation（卫生设备）kept rats in check and made cats less useful. No longer necessities, domestic animals became luxuries. Pet-keeping seems to kick in when household incomes rise above roughly $5,000. It is booming.
The trend is not a new one. Archaeologists（考古学家）have found 10,000-year-old graves in which dogs and people are buried together. Some cultures -- such as in Scandinavia, where dogs have long been both working dogs and companions -- have kept pets for thousands of years. But these days the pet-keeping urge has spread even to parts of the world which have no tradition of sinking into a comfortable chair with a furry creature.
The pet business is growing even faster than pet numbers, because people are spending more and more money on them. No longer are they food - waste - recyclers, fed with the remains that fall from their masters’ tables. Pet - food shelves are full of delicacies crafted to satisfy a range of appetites, including ice cream for dogs and foods for pets that are old, diabetic or suffer from sensitive digestion; a number of internet services offer food, tailored to the pet’s individual tastes.
In the business this is called “pet humanisation” -- the tendency of pet owners to treat their pets as part of the family. This is evident in the names given to dogs, which have evolved from Fido, Rex and Spot to -- in America -- Bella, Lucy and Max. It is evident in the growing market for pet clothing, pet grooming and pet hotels.
People still assume that pets must be working for humanity in some way, perhaps making people healthier or less anxious. But the evidence for that is weak. Rather, new research suggests that dogs have evolved those irresistible “puppy - dog eyes” precisely to affect human emotions. It has worked. The species that once enslaved others now works very hard to pay for the care of its pets. Sentimental（多愁善感的）Americans often refer to themselves not as cat-owners but as the cat’s “mommy” or “daddy”. South Koreans go one further, describing themselves as cat “butlers”. Watch an unlucky dog-walker trailing “his” hound（猎犬）, plastic bag in hand to pick up its mess, and you have to wonder: who’s in charge now?
38. Which of the following trends is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. People’s needs for animal services are decreasing.
B. Both the pet number and the pet business are growing.
C. Pets are increasingly making their owners less anxious.
D. Pet foods are more various and customized than before.
39. Which of the following is referred to as evidence of “pet humanization?”
A. The names given to pets in American families nowadays.
B. Pet’s inbuilt ability to affect emotions of their owners.
C. Human beings ever rising urge for pet-keeping.
D. Pet’s roles as both working staff and companions.
40. Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with?
A. Pets should be treated as equals of their human masters.
B. Human beings are getting much benefit from their pets.
C. Pet-keeping is still restricted within certain parts of the world.
D. Some pet owners spend too much money on their pets.
41. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. The Changing Roles of Animals B. The Urge for Pet-keeping
C. Who Owns Whom D. Love Me, Love My Dog
【答案】38. C 39. A 40. D 41. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文，主要抨击了如今人们养宠物的现象，一些人甚至已经沦为了宠物的奴隶。
38题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“People still assume that pets must be working for humanity in some way, perhaps making people healthier or less anxious. But the evidence for that is weak. Rather, new research suggests that dogs have evolved those irresistible “puppy - dog eyes” precisely to affect human emotions.”可知，人们仍然认为宠物必须以某种方式为人类工作，使人们更健康或更少焦虑，但这方面的证据并不充分，相反，新的研究表明狗狗进化出了那些不可抗拒的眼神，正是为了影响人类的情绪，因此“宠物越来越让主人不那么焦虑”这一说法是错误的，故C项正确。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In the business this is called “pet humanisation” -- the tendency of pet owners to treat their pets as part of the family. This is evident in the names given to dogs, which have evolved from Fido, Rex and Spot to -- in America -- Bella, Lucy and Max.”可知，在这个行业中，这被称为“宠物人性化”——宠物主人将宠物视为家庭的一部分的趋势，这一点在给狗起的名字中很明显，狗的名字从菲多、雷克斯和斯波特演变成——在美国的贝拉、露西和麦克斯，因此，现在美国家庭给宠物起的名字可以作为宠物人性化的证据，故A项正确。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The pet business is growing even faster than pet numbers, because people are spending more and more money on them.”可知，宠物生意的增长速度甚至超过了宠物数量，因为人们在宠物身上花费的钱越来越多，由此可知，作者认为一些宠物主人在他们的宠物身上花了太多的钱，故D项正确。
【41题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据文章最后一句话“and you have to wonder: who’s in charge now?”可知，本文主要抨击了如今人们养宠物的现象，一些人甚至已经沦为宠物的奴隶，故C项（谁是老大？）最适合做文章标题。
【点睛】文章标题形式的主旨大意题难度在于被选选项要具有高度的概括性，准确全面地体现出文章内容，因此抓住文章主题是关键，社会生活类文章通常作者会在文章最后表明自己的态度，而作者的态度一般即为文章主题，例如本篇第4题，通读全文，特别是根据文章最后一句话“and you have to wonder: who’s in charge now?”可知，本文主要抨击了如今人们养宠物的现象，一些人甚至已经沦为宠物的奴隶，这种现象不禁让人怀疑宠物和主人到底谁才是老大，言外之意，作者认为人们这种饲养宠物的方式是不可取的，故C项（谁是老大？）最适合做文章标题。
D
Learning a second language is tricky at any age and it only gets tougher the longer you wait to open that dusty French book. Now, in a new study, scientists have pinpointed the exact age at which your chances of reaching fluency in a second language seem to plummet: 10.
The study, published in the journal Cognition, found that it’s “nearly impossible” for language learners to reach native-level fluency if they start learning a second tongue after 10. But that doesn’t seem to be because language skills go downhill. “It turns out you’re still learning fast. It’s just that you run out of time, because your ability to learn starts dropping at around 17 or 18 years old,” says study co-author Joshua Hartshorne, an assistant professor of psychology at Boston College.
Kids may be better than adults at learning new languages for many reasons. Children’s brains are more plastic than those of adults, meaning they’re better able to adapt and respond to new information. “All learning involves the brain changing,” Hartshorne says, “and children’s brains seem to be a lot more skilled at changing.”
Kids may also be more willing to try new things (and to potentially look foolish in the process) than adults are. Their comparatively new grasp on their native tongue may also be advantageous. Unlike adults, who tend to default (默认) to the rules and patterns of their first language, kids may be able to approach a new one with a blank slate (石板).
These findings may seem discouraging, but it was heartening for scientists to learn that the critical period for fluent language acquisition might be longer than they previously thought. Some scientists believed that the brief window closes shortly after birth, while others stretched it only to early adolescence. Compared to those estimates, 17 or 18 — when language learning ability starts to drop off — seems relatively old.
“People fared better when they learned by immersion (沉浸), rather than simply in a classroom. And moving to a place where your desired language is spoken is the best way to learn as an adult. If that’s not an option, you can mimic an immersive environment by finding ways to have conversations with native speakers in their own communities,” Hartshorne says. By doing so, it’s possible to become conversationally proficient — even without the advantage of a child’s brain.
42. The underlined word “plummet” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “__________”.
A. decrease B. rise
C. end D. vary
43. What can be inferred from Joshua Hartshorne’s words?
A. Children are too young to grasp a second language.
B. Age 10-18 is the best time to learn a second language.
C. Adults go beyond the critical period for learning a second language.
D Communicating with native speakers enables you to master all the language skills.
44. Why adults can’t reach native-level fluency in a second language?
A. Adults are less influenced by their mother tongues.
B. Adults spend more time responding to new information.
C. Adults are only too willing to experience something awkward in the process.
D. Adults prefer an immersive environment to a classroom in learning a second language.
45. The passage is mainly about __________.
A. the best age to learn a second language
B. the approaches to learning a second language
C. why kids learn a second language more easily than adults
D. whether adults can learn a second language like their younger selves
【答案】42. A 43. C 44. D 45. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章通过研究发现，介绍了为什么孩子比大人更容易学会一门新的语言。
【42题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第一段划线词所在句Now, in a new study, scientists have pinpointed the exact age at which your chances of reaching fluency in a second language seem to plummet: 10. 现在，科学家们在一项新的研究中精确地指出了你达到流利水平的第二语言的机会________确切年龄：10岁。再根据第二段中The study, published in the journal Cognition, found that it’s “nearly impossible” for language learners to reach native-level fluency if they start learning a second tongue after 10. 这篇发表在《认知》杂志上的研究发现，如果语言学习者从10岁以后才开始学习第二语言，他们就“几乎不可能”达到母语水平的流利程度。可知，此处表示的是10岁以后才学习第二语言想达到流利水平的机会就会下降，因此猜测划线词plummet意为“下降，降低”。故选A项。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“It turns out you’re still learning fast. It’s just that you run out of time, because your ability to learn starts dropping at around 17 or 18 years old,” says study co-author Joshua Hartshorne, an assistant professor of psychology at Boston College.该研究报告的联名作者、波士顿学院心理学助理教授乔舒亚·哈特肖恩说：“事实上，你还是能学得很快。问题在于这时候你的时间已经不多了，因为到了17~18岁左右，人的学习能力就会开始下降。”以及第三段中“All learning involves the brain changing,” Hartshorne says, “and children’s brains seem to be a lot more skilled at changing.” 哈特肖恩说：“所有学习都跟大脑的改变有关，而孩子的大脑对改变的适应能力似乎比成年人强得多。”可知，乔舒亚•哈特肖恩认为成年人已经错过了学习第二语言的关键时期。故选C项。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“People fared better when they learned by immersion (沉浸), rather than simply in a classroom. And moving to a place where your desired language is spoken is the best way to learn as an adult....” Hartshorne says.乔舒亚•哈特肖恩说：“通过浸入式学习，而不是简单地在教室里学习，人们的表现会更好。一个成年人学外语的时候，最好的学习方法是搬到一个使用你想学的语言的地方去……”。可知，成年人在学习第二语言时更应该选择身临其境的环境而不是在教室里。故选D项。
【45题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中Now, in a new study, scientists have pinpointed the exact age at which your chances of reaching fluency in a second language seem to plummet: 10. 现在，科学家们在一项新的研究中精确地指出了你达到流利的第二语言的机会下降的确切年龄：10岁；第二段中The study, published in the journal Cognition, found that it’s “nearly impossible” for language learners to reach native-level fluency if they start learning a second tongue after 10. 这篇发表在《认知》杂志上的研究发现，如果语言学习者从10岁以后才开始学习第二语言，他们就“几乎不可能”达到母语水平的流利程度；第三段中Kids may be better than adults at learning new languages for many reasons. 在学习新语言方面，孩子们可能比成年人做得更好，原因有很多。再通读全文，可知，本文主要是介绍了研究发现了为什么孩子比大人更容易学会第二门新的语言。因此选项C“why kids learn a second language more easily than adults”符合题意。故选C项。
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2分, 共10分)
根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项.
Anxiety Disorders
Everybody worries or feels nervous from time to time. ____46____ But for people with anxiety disorders, those fears and worries aren’t temporary. Their anxiety persists, and can even get worse over time.
Anxiety disorders can severely impair a person’s ability to function at work, school and in social situations. ____47____ Fortunately, though, there are effective treatments for anxiety.
In some cases, medications have a role in treating anxiety disorders. Yet research shows behavioral treatment, alone or in combination with medication, is a highly effective treatment for most people with an anxiety disorder.
Understanding Anxiety
Anxiety disorders are common in both adults and children. About 18 percent of U.S. adults and 25 percent of adolescents age 13 to 18 will experience anxiety, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. ___48___
There are several major types of anxiety disorders: generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, social anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, etc.
Seeing a Psychologist About Anxiety Disorders
Though many types of anxiety disorders exist, research suggests that most are driven by similar underlying processes. People with anxiety disorders tend to become easily overwhelmed by their emotions, and they tend to have particularly negative reactions to those unpleasant feelings and situations.
___49___ Unfortunately, avoidance can backfire and actually feed the anxiety.
Psychologists are trained in diagnosing anxiety disorders and teaching patients healthier, more effective ways to cope. A form of psychotherapy known as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is highly effective at treating anxiety disorders. Through CBT, psychologists help patients learn to identify and manage the factors that contribute to their anxiety.
Psychotherapy for Anxiety Disorders: What to Expect
Psychotherapy is a collaborative process, where psychologists and patients work together to identify specific concerns and develop concrete skills and techniques for coping with anxiety.____50____ However, psychologists won't push patients into such scenarios until they’re sure they have the skills they need to effectively confront their fears. Psychologists sometimes use other approaches to treat anxiety disorders in addition to CBT, among which group psychotherapy and family therapy are two effective ways.
A. Anxiety disorders are very treatable.
B. Anxiety is a normal human reaction to stressful situations.
C. Anxiety can also interfere with a person’s relationships with family members and friends.
D. About 4 percent of adults, and nearly 6 percent of teens, have anxiety disorders classified as severe.
E. Often, people try to cope with those negative reactions by avoiding situations or experiences that make them anxious.
F. Patients can expect to practice their new skills outside of sessions to manage anxiety in situations that might make them uncomfortable.
G. People with anxiety worry about a number of concerns, such as health problems or finances, and may have a general sense that something bad is going to happen.
【答案】46. B 47. C 48. D 49. E 50. F
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了焦虑症的相关情况以及一些治疗焦虑的有效方法。
【46题详解】
根据下一句But for people with anxiety disorders, those fears and worries aren’t temporary. 但对于患有焦虑症的人来说，这些恐惧和担忧并不是暂时的。可知，此处内容与正常人的压力和患有焦虑症状的人的压力不同有关，选项B“焦虑是人类面对压力时的正常反应。”符合题意。故选B。
【47题详解】
根据上一句Anxiety disorders can severely impair a person’s ability to function at work, school and in social situations.焦虑症会严重损害一个人在工作、学校和社交场合的能力。此处内容与焦虑症带来的不好影响有关，选项C“焦虑也会影响一个人与家人和朋友的关系。”符合题意。故选C。
【48题详解】
根据上一句About 18 percent of U.S. adults and 25 percent of adolescents age 13 to 18 will experience anxiety, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. 根据美国国家心理健康研究所的数据，大约18%的美国成年人和25%的13到18岁的青少年会感到焦虑。可知，此处内容与研究的结果有关，选项D“大约4%的成年人和近6%的青少年患有严重的焦虑症。”符合题意。故选D。
【49题详解】
根据下一句Unfortunately, avoidance can backfire and actually feed the anxiety. 不幸的是，逃避会适得其反，反而加剧焦虑。可知，此处内容与有人们的逃避行为有关，选项E“通常，人们试图通过避免让他们焦虑的情况或经历来应对这些消极反应。”符合题意。故选E。
【50题详解】
根据上一句Psychotherapy is a collaborative process, where psychologists and patients work together to identify specific concerns and develop concrete skills and techniques for coping with anxiety.心理治疗是一个协作的过程，心理学家和患者一起工作，以确定具体的问题和发展具体的技能和技巧，以应对焦虑。以及下一句However, psychologists won't push patients into such scenarios until they’re sure they have the skills they need to effectively confront their fears. 然而，心理学家不会把病人推入这样的情境，直到他们确信他们有能力有效地面对他们的恐惧。可知，此处内容与患者（病人）自己掌握技能处理焦虑有关，选项F“患者可以期望在会议之外练习他们的新技能，以应对可能让他们感到不舒服的情况下的焦虑。”符合题意。故选F。
【点睛】七选五的解题技巧之一是根据上下文词汇来锁定线索。即：要关注空白前后的名词和动词，然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等。其次是一些专有名词，比如说数词、代词、时间、年代、地点/名称等。在本文中，第5小题中的they指代的是选项F中的Patients。故选F项。
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，35分)
第一节（15分）
51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他想看一个关于中国文化方面的展览，并请你推荐。请给他回信，内容包括：
1. 介绍展览的相关内容（例如：时间、地点、主题等）；
2. 说明你推荐该展览的原因；
3. 询问对方的意向。
注意：1. 词数不少于50；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
It’s great to hear from you. Knowing you want to see an exhibition about Chinese culture, I’d like to recommend one to you.
The exhibition of Chinese folk arts and crafts is now on at the Capital Museum and will last until April 30th with free admission. Artists from all over the country bring their masterpieces: Nianhua paintings from Tianjin, kites from Weifang, paper-cuts from Shaanxi, and so on.
I strongly suggest you visit this exhibition, for it will totally immerse you in Chinese culture. You will have a great chance to watch the artists create their works up close. Moreover, there is even a hands-on area for you to make your own art.
Does this exhibition appeal to you? If you are interested, log onto the museum’s official website to make a reservation. You won’t be disappointed, I promise!
Yours,
Li Hua
Dear Jim,
I’m delighted to receive your e-mail. Knowing you have a strong passion for exhibitions about Chinese culture, I’d like to recommend one to you.
The exhibition of Chinese folk arts and crafts is now on at the Capital Museum and will last until April 30th with free admission. Artists from all over the country bring their masterpieces: Nianhua paintings from Tianjin, kites from Weifang, paper-cuts from Shaanxi, and so on.
I strongly suggest you visit this exhibition, for it will totally immerse you in Chinese culture. You will have a great chance to watch the artists create their works up close. Moreover, there is even a hands-on area for you to make your own art.
Hope it helps! Please drop me a line to let me know your decision at your early convenience and feel for free to contact to me if you have further questions. Looking forward to your response.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
考查应用文中的电子邮件写作。
【详解】题目要求假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他想看一个关于中国文化方面的展览，并请你推荐。请给他回信，内容包括：1. 介绍展览的相关内容（例如：时间、地点、主题等）；2. 说明你推荐该展览的原因；3. 询问对方的意向。
分析可知，应该以第一人称为主，一般现在时进行写作。要点已经给出，要求考生根据提纲自己发挥拓展，考生要先想好写哪几点，运用合适的语法规则和词汇把各要点都准确表述出。描述要尽量选择简洁的语言，难点在于选择词汇和句型，可以灵活运用高级词汇和固定短语准确表述。还要用适当的连接词把句子连接起来，这样文章显得更连贯。
【点睛】这篇书信类短文的关键在于要点的拓展，同时注意谋篇布局的顺序，运用合适的连接词连接全文，同时选择高级的词汇和语法项目让文章更有文采。I strongly suggest you visit this exhibition, for it will totally immerse you in Chinese culture.宾语从句的运用。
第二节（20分）
52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。 上周，你和同学们参加了朝阳区组织的“三大战疫 有我有你”海报设计活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Last week, a poster design activity whose theme was “Both you and I are in the three battles fighting against the pollution” was organized by Chaoyang district. Five of my classmates and I, working as volunteers, took part in the activity.
We six had a heat discussion, planning the content and design for it. We finally reached the agreement that we would be divided into three groups and each group took charge of one specific pollution problem. Then we made some necessary preparations from TV, computer and newspaper. With the information collected, we put them into the different zones of the poster. Three days later, a poster with the theme was designed. It was meaningful for us to participate in the activity. I couldn’t help but to picture the day when these issues are finally solved with every individual’s effort. Chaoyang district will surely be a better place then.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一篇英文周记，记述和同学们参加了朝阳区组织的“三大战疫 有我有你”海报设计活动的整个过程。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：应用文
人称：第一人称
时态：根据提示，时态应为一般过去时。
结构：总-分法
要点：1.参加板报设计；
2.准备的过程；
3.对活动的感想。
第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）
fight against；work as；take part in；have a heat discussion；reach the agreement；divide into；take charge of；make preparations；put into；couldn’t help but to等
第三步：连词成句
1. A poster design activity whose theme was “Both you and I are in the three battles fighting against the pollution” was organized by Chaoyang district.
2. Five of my classmates and I, working as volunteers, took part in the activity.
3. We six had a heat discussion, planning the content and design for it.
4. We finally reached the agreement that we would be divided into three groups and each group took charge of one specific pollution problem.
5. With the information collected, we put them into the different zones of the poster.
6. It was meaningful for us to participate in the activity.
7. I couldn’t help but to picture the day when these issues are finally solved with every individual’s effort.
根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）
1.表文章结构顺序：finally；then；later；
2.表并列补充关系：and；
3.表转折对比关系：but等
连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多高分句型，如：A poster design activity whose theme was “Both you and I are in the three battles fighting against the pollution” was organized by Chaoyang district.使用了由whose+名词引导的定语从句；We six had a heat discussion, planning the content and design for it. 使用了现在分词作状语；We finally reached the agreement that we would be divided into three groups and each group took charge of one specific pollution problem.使用了由that引导的同位语从句；With the information collected, we put them into the different zones of the poster.使用了with的复合结构；It was meaningful for us to participate in the activity.使用了it作形式主语；I couldn’t help but to picture the day when these issues are finally solved with every individual’s effort. 使用了由when引导的定语从句等。还使用了一些固定短语，如：fight against；work as；take part in；divide into；take charge of；make preparations；couldn’t help but to等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
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