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北京市通州区2020届高三一模考试（5月）英语试题
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通州区2020年高三年级模拟考试
英语试卷
本试卷共10页，共120分。考试时间100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
I’ll always remember the woman who gave me tissues while I was crying on the train. I ____1____ (try) so hard to calm down when she handed me the tissues. She said, “We’ve all been there, crying on the train.” As she was getting off, she added, “Whatever’s wrong, it will get ____2____ (good). That doesn’t mean anything right now, but it really will.” She was just a regular business-casual lady, but she was a hero to me. Also! She inspired me ____3____ (carry) a little pack of tissues in case I see someone crying.
【答案】1. tried/was trying
2. better 3. to carry
【解析】
本文为记叙文。作者在火车上哭泣时，有位女士递给作者一张纸巾并安慰一切都会好起来。她还鼓励作者随身携带一小包纸巾，以防看到有人哭。
【1题详解】
考查固定句式及时态。句意：当她把纸巾递给我时，我（正）努力使自己平静下来。“were/was doing…when…”为固定句式，意为“正要做……这个时候……”。本句叙述的是过去的事，主语是I，用was trying。也可译为“当我在尽力平静进，她把纸巾递给我”，表示动作发生在过去 ，可用一般过去时，填tried。故本空填 tried/was trying。
【2题详解】
考查语境及比较级。句意：不管出了什么问题，都会好起来的。get为系动词，后面常用形容词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处是指无论出了什么问题，都会变得更好，因此要用比较，故填better。
【3题详解】
考查固定用词。句意：她鼓励我随身携带一小包纸巾，以防我看到有人哭。“inspire sb to do…”意为“激励某人做某事”，因此空格处要填动词不定式，故填to carry。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
As Spring Festival begins to be celebrated worldwide, the richness of Chinese cultures spreads widely as well. Recently, two special stamps____4____(design) by Han Meilin, a Chinese artist. They were used to mark the New Year of Rat. One of them shows a leaping rat bit the sky to create an opening so that sunshine could come to Earth, ___5___symbolizes the wish for a better life. In the second stamp, a rat family of father, mom and baby sit by a small pile of peanuts, looking into the distance expectantly. That image represents the wish for a bountiful harvest and a happy family life. The creativity, well____6____(know) as a cultural landmark, goes beyond borders.
【答案】4. have been designed
5. which 6. known
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍为了迎接鼠年的来到，韩美林设计了两张有特殊纪念意义的鼠年生肖邮票，它们寓意着对美好生活的期望。
【4题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：最近，由中国艺术家韩美林设计了两张特别的邮票。此处是句子谓语动词，由recently判断为现在完成时，主语stamps和design之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，故填have been designed。
5题详解】
考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词a leaping rat bit the sky to create an opening在从句中充当主语，应用指代物的关系代词，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故填which。
【6题详解】
考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作定语，逻辑主语the creativity和know之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，故填known。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
As humans, we naturally tend to notice the bad events in life more than the good. It is because we need to keep an eye on the negative ones to keep us far away ____7____ dangers. If we are aware of threats around us, we are more able to switch on a defense. However, if we ____8____ (active) turn to focus on the positive, we can feel less stress and enjoy life more from an increasingly optimistic point. To enjoy the life in the present moment, we need to notice ____9____ is going right, and appreciate it. It doesn't mean that you have to pretend you're happy when you're not. On the contrary, it means that you tend to notice the things that lead to greater ____10____ (happy) when you have a choice.
【答案】7. from
8. actively
9. what 10. happiness
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。作为人类，我们自然而然去关注生活中不好的事情。但事实上，我们应该更多关注积极向上的事物，这让我们在面临选择时，能看到事物通向幸福的方面。
【7题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：这是因为我们需要关注负面的东西，让我们远离危险。far away from“远离”，故填from。
【8题详解】
考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词turn，故填actively。
【9题详解】
考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句连接词，从句缺少主语，且意为“什么”，应用连接代词what，故填what。
【10题详解】
考查名词。此处应填名词作为介词to的宾语，“幸福”不可数，故填happiness。
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Last summer, Steller pulled off the freeway on her way to work in Minneapolis. She stopped at a traffic light, where a man was sitting with a sign asking for help. She ____11____ down her window.
“Hey!” she shouted. “I’m driving around giving ____12____ haircuts. If I go and grab my ____13____, do you want one right now?”
The man looked to be in his 60s. He was heavyset, and ____14____ a few teeth. He laughed, and then paused, “____15____, I was really hoping to get a haircut.”
“I’ll be right back,” Steller said.
She drove off, went to the salon she owns, and ____16____ a red chair into her car.
Quickly she ____17____ back. Then she cut the man’s curly graying hair. The man told her about growing up in Mississippi, about moving to Minnesota to be closer to his adult children, and how he still talks to his mom every day.
After Steller was done, the man looked in a mirror and ____18____, “I look good!” he said. “I’ll have to remember to put my artificial teeth in next time.”
To date, Steller has given about 30 such haircuts to people around the city. These clients are all living down and out, so she is clearly aware of the ____19____ of her cleanup job.
In fact, for Steller, it’s more than a haircut. It is not only a gateway to show value and ____20____, but also to get to know people. She wants to ____21____ relationships.
Steller knows that a haircut can ____22____ a life because one changed hers: As a teen, she suffered from a disease called ulcerative colitis, which was so ____23____ that her hair thinned severely. Seeing this, her mother arranged for Steller’s first professional haircut.
Sitting down and having somebody look at her made Steller feel that she was a ____24____ and not just an illness, which helped her feel ____25____ and less alone.
After that, Steller decided to have her own salon so she could help the people ____26____ the feeling she’d had that day. Not long after finishing hairdressing school in 2009, she began what she now calls her Red Chair Project, ____27____ out to people on the streets. Steller listens to people’s stories of ____28____, suffering, and struggle to get back on their feet. She believes even if she can’t ____29____ their problems, maybe she can help them feel less alone for a moment. The attention ____30____ works.
And it all began with a belief in simple acts of kindness, such as a free haircut.
11. A. took B. rolled C. knocked D. tore
12. A. quick B. modern C. free D. luxurious
13. A. chair B. table C. knife D. glove
14. A. growing B. showing C. pressing D. missing
15. A. Actually B. Curiously C. Occasionally D. Particularly
16. A. turned B. loaded C. fastened D. restored
17. A. ran B. walked C. cycled D. drove
18. A. recognized B. wept C. smiled D. guessed
19. A. power B. profit C. reward D. technique
20. A. wealth B. pride C. innocence D. respect
21. A. judge B. build C. break D. clarify
22. A. make B. ruin C. change D. extend
23. A. serious B. regular C. natural D. obvious
24. A. student B. pioneer C. advisor D. person
25. A. commented on B. cared about C. laughed at D. convinced of
26. A. feel B. describe C. remark D. transfer
27. A. showing B. reaching C. speaking D. pointing
28. A. anger B. envy C. loss D. shock
29. A. find B. list C. treat D. fix
30. A. rarely B. accurately C. apparently D. secretly
【答案】11. B 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. A 16. B 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. D 21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. C
【解析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章讲述了美发师Steller因为小时候自己生病头发稀少，一次专业理发改变自己的生活，决定自己办理发店，并免费为街头的穷人理发的故事。文章指出，即使她可能解决不了问题，但可以缓解人们的孤独感。
【11题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她摇下车窗。A. took带走；B. rolled滚动；C. knocked 敲；D. tore 撕碎。根据上文Last summer, Steller pulled off the freeway on her way to work in Minneapolis可知去年夏天，Steller在去明尼阿波利斯上班的路上，开下了高速公路，说明Steller在开车，因此这里是摇下（roll down）车窗，故选B。
【12题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我正在开车到处走，给人免费理发。A. quick快速的；B. modern现代的；C. free 免费的；D. luxurious 奢侈的。根据下文And it all began with a belief in simple acts of kindness, such as a free haircut.可知这里是免费（free）理发。故选C。
【13题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我去拿我的椅子，你想马上试试吗？A. chair 椅子；B. table桌子；C. knife 小刀；D. glove 手套。根据后文a red chair into her car可知，她去拿的是椅子（chair），故选A。
【14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他体格魁梧，缺了一些牙齿。A. growing 成长的；B. showing展示的；C. pressing按压的；D. missing 缺的、丢失的。根据下文I'll have to remember to put my artificial teeth in next time.可知，他缺（missing）了几颗牙，故选D。
【15题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。他笑了，然后停下来说，我真的希望剪个头发。A. Actually 事实上；B. Curiously好奇地；C. Occasionally偶尔；D. Particularly 尤其。下午Then she cut the man’s curly graying hair.说明，他理发了，所以这里句意是事实上（actually）。故选A。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她开车离开，去她自己的理发店，把一把红的椅子装进车里。A. turned转身；B. loaded 装载；C. fastened 拴上；D. restored 恢复。根据空前If I go and grab my ___3___,可知她去拿椅子了，因此，这里是把椅子装到（load）了汽车里，故选B。
【17题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，她开车回来了。A. ran 跑；B. walked 散步；C. cycled 骑自行车；D. drove 开车。根据上句She drove off可知她开车离开了，因此，这里是开车（drive）回来了，故选D。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Steller剪完后，男士看着镜子，笑着说：很好。A. recognized认出；B. wept 哭泣；C. smiled 微笑；D. guessed 猜测。根据下句I look good!" he said可知，他很满意，应该是笑了（smile），故选C。
【19题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些客人这些客户都过着穷困潦倒的生活，所以她清楚的意识到她清理工作的力量。A. power力量；B. profit 利益；C. reward奖励；D. technique 技术。下文Steller knows that a haircut can____12___ a life because one changed hers可知，她意识到她的清理工作的力量（power）。故选A。
【20题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它不仅是表达价值和尊重的途径，也是认识人的途径。A. wealth 财富；B. pride骄傲； C. innocence无辜；D. respect 尊敬。根据上下文，剪头发可以体现价值和对人的尊重（respect），故选D。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她想建立关系。A. judge判断；B. build建造；C. break 毁坏；D. clarify澄清。根据上句but also to get to know people.可知，她想认识人，来建立（build）关系，故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Steller知道一次理发可以改变生活，因为理发曾经改变过她的生活。 A. make制作；B. ruin 破坏；C. change 改变；D. extend 扩展。根据下文because one changed hers可知这里是改变（change），故选C。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：青年时期，她得了溃疡性结肠炎，病得很严重，以至于她头发非常稀疏。A. serious严重的；B. regular有规律的；C. natural自然的；D. obvious明显的。根据空后her hair thinned severely可知病得非常严重（serious），故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：坐着，让别人看着她，让Steller觉得，她是一个人，而不仅仅是生病了。这让她感到被关心，而且不那么孤单。A. student 学生；B. pioneer 先驱；C. advisor 顾问；D. person人。根据语境，生病后去理发，可以让她感受到自己虽然病了，但仍然是人（person），被尊重。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：坐着，让别人看着她，让Steller觉得，她是一个人，而不仅仅是生病了。这让她感到被关心，而且不那么孤单。A. commented on 评论；B. cared about在乎； C. laughed at嘲笑；D. convinced of 信服。根据下文maybe she can help them feel less alone for a moment.可以看出，她感到被关心和在乎（cared about）。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那之后，Steller 决定自己办一个理发店，这样她就可以帮助人们感受她那天的感觉。A. feel 感觉；B. describe描述；C. remark说话；D. transfer 改变。根据下文maybe she can help them feel less alone for a moment.可知这里是感受（feel）。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：2009年美发学校毕业后，她开始了她的红椅子项目，伸手去帮助街上的人。A. showing展示；B. reaching到达，伸手；C. speaking说话；D. pointing指向。根据上下文，她想要伸出（reach）手去帮助别人，故选B。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Steller听人们故事，有失败，苦难和重新站起来的努力。A. anger生气；B. envy羡慕；C. loss损失；D. shock 震惊。根据空后suffering, and struggle to get back on their feet可知这里失败（loss）。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使她不能解决他们的问题，也许她可以帮助他们暂时减轻孤独感。A. find发现，B. list列举，C. treat对待， D. fix安装，解决。根据语境，句子表达的是解决（fix）不了问题，仍然可以缓解孤单。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：显然，这种关注起作用了。A. rarely很少；B. accurately精确地；C. apparently明显地；D. secretly秘密地。故事里，作者通过自己的经历，决定去帮助他人，而且显然（apparently）她的行动起作用了。故选C。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Who can be volunteering?
A Ugandan NGO (Non-Governmental Organization) was formed by members of a rural community in South-west Uganda in 2007. They developed a local school for children aging from 3 to 15 from poor families, and started community based projects that will equip the young villagers with the skills and knowledge to face a safer and brighter future.
The project itself is well integrated into the community and those undertaking volunteering work are always given a warm welcome, especially by the local children who love spending time with volunteers from all ages and backgrounds.
Volunteering at Uganda Lodge is suitable for families, gap year teenagers, seniors etc.
For medical students we can offer you official medical elective course scores with no additional fees charged. Staying at Uganda Lodge could also count for the residential section of the Gold Award and Queens Scout Awards.
What can I do?
You need to speak English. Even if you are not a Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) teacher (although useful!), you can go into the classrooms and make a meaningful difference. Experienced teachers can take over a whole class if they wish, after consulting with the teacher on content.
We now have over 500 students in the Ruhanga Development School and they are in urgent need of teachers. English conversation is needed for the older children in particular, also showing picture books etc. or simply talking to babies helps inspire their mental and physical growth.
Children at our kindergartens and primary schools do love help from our volunteers to learn new rhymes and songs, talk about pictures in books or get inspirations with craftwork and painting.
Find out more about our programme:
Website: ugandalodge.com
Email: ann@ugandalodge.com
31. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To praise volunteers. B. To raise money.
C. To seek help. D. To introduce a school.
32. After the programme, optional course credits can be awarded to
A. medicine-major students B. education-major students
C. IT-major students D. English-major students
33. Who is most wanted at present according to the passage?
A. An American lady who cares about international sports events.
B. A British college student who loves to communicate with kids.
C. An Australian teenager who enjoys reading English books silently.
D. A Canadian white collar manager who does well in performing art.
【答案】31. C 32. A 33. B
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章是一篇招聘志愿者的广告，提出了对志愿者的要求，并对部分特殊领域的志愿者提供了一定的非物质回报。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容可知，这是一则招聘志愿者的广告，乌干达的一个非政府组织希望志愿者们来乌干达小木屋做义工，以及走进教室教孩子们各方面的技能。由此推测，本文的主要目的是寻求志愿者的帮助。C. To seek help.(寻求帮助)符合以上说法，故选C项。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一部分的For medical students we can offer you official medical elective course scores with no additional fees charged.(对于医科学生，我们可以为您提供正式的医学选修课成绩，不收取额外费用)可知，项目结束后，选修课的学分可以免费提供给医科学生。A. medicine-major students(医科学生)符合以上说法，故选A项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二部分的We now have over 500 students in the Ruhanga Development School and they are in urgent need of teachers. English conversation is needed for the older children in particular(我们现在有500多名学生在Ruhanga开发学校，他们迫切需要教师，特别是大一点的孩子需要用英语进行交谈)可知，该学校非常需要会英语且喜欢和孩子交流的老师。B. A British college student who loves to communicate with kids.(一个喜欢和孩子交流的英国大学生)符合以上要求，故选B项。
B
Autumn Peltier is a youth environmentalist who has inspired thousands of students to walk out of class and demand action on climate change.
When Autumn Peltier was just 8 years old, she attended a ceremony at a reservation where she saw a sign warning that the water was poisonous. Growing up on a freshwater island in Wiikwemkoong Unceded Territory in Canada, Peltier says she had never experienced poisonous water. The memory of that sign stayed with her.
Two years later, at the age of 10, Peltier is fighting for water conservation and water rights for everybody. She says she was inspired by her great aunt, Josephine Mandamin, a well-known activist who walked the shores of all five Great Lakes to raise awareness for water conservation.
When she was 12 in 2015, Peltier met Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, telling him she was unhappy with his policies on debating pipeline projects. Trudeau promised her he would preserve the water. Since 2015, 87 long-term water advisories in Canada have been lifted; 56 water advisories remain.
At middle school, Peltier joined an environmental group at her school and later co-founded the Canadian Youth Water Strike-a Canadian branch of the international movement to conserve water.
Last year, Peltier spoke at the UN about the importance of water conservation and water access, explaining the fundamental role water plays in her culture.
“Many people don’t think water is alive or has a spirit. My people believe this to be true. . . . We believe our water is precious because we are born of water.”
After the speech at the UN, Peltier is joined by a group of teenagers who share similar thoughts. Her friends include Greta Thunberg, a Swedish girl who drew the world attention through the talk at World Economic Forum at Davos, Bruno Rodriguez, an Argentinian boy who joined in the UN Climate Summit, and Mari Copeny, an American girl who is dedicated to the cause of saving water. Peltier and her friends believe that together they can make a big difference.
Undoubtedly, Peltier’s many years of hard work has paid off. She has greatly raised people’s awareness of water conservation and taught people to take specific actions to conserve water.
That’s an impressive list of accomplishments for anyone, let alone a middle schooler.
34. How did Peltier feel about the poisonous water when she was 8?
A. Shocked. B. Interested. C. Excited. D. Bored.
35. Who influenced Peltier to start water conservation?
A. UN officials. B. Trudeau. C. Mandamin. D. Thunberg.
36. What does Peltier expect to do in the future?
A. To make more friends. B. To protect more water.
C. To attend more summits. D. To organize more strikes.
37. What can we learn from Autumn Peltier’s story?
A. World leaders can contribute to success.
B. Environment is Canadians’major concern.
C. Fame comes from attending great summits.
D. Achievements result from continuous effort.
【答案】34. A 35. C 36. B 37. D
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了加拿大女孩佩尔蒂尔多年来一直致力于保护水资源，她的事迹激励了无数人行动起来保护水资源。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Peltier says she had never experienced poisonous water. The memory of that sign stayed with her.”可知，佩尔蒂尔说自己从未看到过有毒的水，因此“水有毒”的警告标志一直让她印象深刻，由此判断出，看到“水有毒”的警告标志时，佩尔蒂尔感到非常震惊，故A项正确。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Two years later, at the age of 10, Peltier is fighting for water conservation and water rights for everybody. She says she was inspired by her great aunt, Josephine Mandamin”可知，十岁时，佩尔蒂尔为水源保护和人人享有用水权而奋斗，她说她是受到姨妈约瑟芬·曼达敏的激励（影响），故C项正确。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“After the speech at the UN, Peltier is joined by a group of teenagers who share similar thoughts.”及“Peltier and her friends believe that together they can make a big difference.”可知，在联合国的演讲结束后，佩尔蒂尔加入了一群有着相似想法（共同目标）的青少年的行列中，他们相信他们在一起努力可以产生很大的影响，由此判断出，以后佩尔蒂尔会致力于保护更多的水资源，故B项正确。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“Autumn Peltier is a youth environmentalist who has inspired thousands of students to walk out of class and demand action on climate change.”及倒数第二段“Undoubtedly, Peltier’s many years of hard work has paid off. She has greatly raised people’s awareness of water conservation and taught people to take specific actions to conserve water.”可知，由此可知，本文主要讲述的是加拿大女孩佩尔蒂尔多年来一直致力于保护水资源，她多年的努力最终取得了回报——她的行为激励了无数人行动起来保护水资源，因此，从佩尔蒂尔的事迹中我们能够学到：成就是不断努力的结果（不断努力，终会取得成就），故D项正确。
C
Infectious diseases and associated deaths have reduced, but they remain a significant threat throughout the world. Infectious diseases outbreaks and the fear and panic that accompany them present various economic risks.
First, there are costs to the health system, both public and private, of medical treatment of the infected and of outbreak control. Concern over the spread of a relatively contained outbreak can lead to decreased trade. Travel and tourism to regions affected by outbreaks are also likely to decline. Some long-running outbreaks, such as HIV, prevent foreign direct investment.
The economic risks are large. It is estimated that the expected yearly cost of infectious diseases is at roughly $500 billion. Even when the health impact of an outbreak is relatively limited, its economic consequences can quickly become expanded. Liberia, for example, saw GDP growth decline 8 percentages from 2013 to 2014 during the Ebola outbreak in Africa.
The risk is complex, but policymakers have tools in response.
Investing in improved health care, supply of clean water, and better health systems can reduce the frequency of human contact with viruses. Investment in reliable disease monitoring in both human and animal populations is also critical. Within formal global watch systems, instead of discouraging reporting possible outbreaks, it may be beneficial to develop incentives for reporting suspected cases, as countries may reasonably fear the effects of such reporting on trade, tourism, and other economic outcomes. Informal monitoring systems, social media for example, which collect information from official reports, media reports, online discussions, and eyewitness observations, can also help national health systems and international responders get ahead of the outbreak news during the early stages. Cooperations for monitoring infectious diseases readiness at the national level provide information national governments can use to react timely to their outbreaks.
There is a significant market failure when it comes to vaccines (疫苗) against individual low-probability viruses that collectively are likely to cause panic. Given the low probability that any single vaccine of this type will be needed, high Research and Development (R&D) costs, and delayed returns, medical companies hesitate to invest in their development. However, responsible international corporations such as CFPI can overcome this market failure. Its goals include advancing candidate vaccines against specific low-probability, high-severity viruses through proof of concept to enable rapid clinical testing in the event of outbreaks. It also aims to fund development of institutional and technical platforms to speed R&D in response to outbreaks for which there are no vaccines.
Undoubtedly, humans and infectious viruses will coexist. However, we can take effective measures to manage the risk of the diseases. Joint action now at the local, national, and multinational levels can go a long way toward protecting our collective well-being in the future.
38. What does the underlined word ''incentives'' in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Habits. B. Opinions.
C. Arguments D. Rewards.
39. CFPI is a special company which
A. is able to predict the trend of the market
B. develops vaccines against infectious viruses
C. makes huge profits by selling general medicine
D. employs staff who graduate from famous universities
40. What does the passage imply?
A. More importance should be attached to health care systems.
B. All-level cooperations are required to handle infectious diseases.
C. It will not be long before mankind thoroughly defeats the viruses.
D. Technologies hold the key to the settlement of medical problems.
41. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Health Risks and Research of Infectious Diseases
B. Global Cooperation and Spread of Infectious Diseases
C. Economic Impact and Solutions of Infectious Diseases
D. Medical Service and Development of Infectious Diseases
【答案】38. D 39. B 40. B 41. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了传染性疾病会使人们恐惧，使社会面临巨大经济风险。但通过改善医疗保险、清洁水的供应和更好的卫生系统可以减少人类接触病毒的频率。此外，地方、国家和国与国之间的多层面合作也有助于控制传染性疾病。
【38题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线部分所在句子Within formal global watch systems, instead of discouraging reporting possible outbreaks, it may be beneficial to develop incentives for reporting suspected cases, as countries may reasonably fear the effects of such reporting on trade, tourism, and other economic outcomes.可知，在全球检测系统中，与其阻止报告可能的疫情，还不如发展报告疑似病例的incentive，因为各国可能有理由担心报告对贸易、旅游和其它经济成果的影响。划线词所在的上下文是转折关系。根据上文的discouraging推测划线部分的意思是“奖励”。D. Rewards.(奖励)符合以上说法，故选D项。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的However, responsible international corporations such as CFPI can overcome this market failure. Its goals include advancing candidate vaccines against specific low-probability, high-severity viruses through proof of concept to enable rapid clinical testing in the event of outbreaks. (然而，像CFPI这样负责任的国际公司可以克服这种市场失灵。它的目标包括通过概念验证，推进针对特定低概率、高严重性病毒的候选疫苗，以便在疫情发生时能够进行快速临床实验)可知，CFPI是一个研发抗传染病毒疫苗的公司。B. develops vaccines against infectious viruses(开发抗传染性病毒的疫苗)符合以上说法，故选B项。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的Infectious diseases and associated deaths have reduced, but they remain a significant threat throughout the world.(传染病和相关死亡已经减少，但它们仍然是全世界的重大威胁)和最后一段的However, we can take effective measures to manage the risk of the diseases. Joint action now at the local, national, and multinational levels can go a long way toward protecting our collective well-being in the future.(然而，我们可以采取积极的措施来管理疾病的风险。现在地方、国家和多国层面采取联合活动，这可以大大有助于在适当的时候保护我们所有人平安)可推测，传染性疾病的控制需要所有层面的合作。B. All-level cooperations are required to handle infectious diseases.(解决传染性疾病需要各个层面的合作)符合以上说法，故选B项。
【41题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第一段的Infectious diseases outbreaks and the fear and panic that accompany them present various economic risks.(传染性疾病的爆发以及随之而来的恐惧和恐慌带来了各种经济风险)和第五段的Investing in improved health care, supply of clean water, and better health systems can reduce the frequency of human contact with viruses.(在改善医疗保险、清洁水的供应和更好的卫生系统的投资，可以减少人类接触病毒的频率)以及最后一段的Joint action now at the local, national, and multinational levels can go a long way toward protecting our collective well-being in the future.( 现在地方、国家和多国层面采取联合活动，这可以大大有助于在适当的时候保护我们所有人平安)可知，本文主要讲述了传染性疾病带来的经济风险，以及解决方法。C. Economic Impact and Solutions of Infectious Diseases(传染性疾病的经济影响和解决方法)可以作为本文标题，故选C项。
D
“Jewel wings fly around like little helicopters until they see preys (猎物), usually smaller flying insects,” said Bellido, a biologist at the University of Minnesota. “Then they dash at their meals in a burst of speed.”
You might mistake jewel wings for their cousins, dragonflies. New research shows that these two insects share something more significant than their appearance, however. In a paper published in Current Biology, Dr. Bellido and the dragonfly colleagues reveal that the neural (神经的) systems behind jewel wings’ vision are shared with dragonflies, with whom they have a common ancestor that lived before dinosaurs. But over the centuries, this brain wiring has adapted itself in different ways in each creature, enabling sharply different hunting strategies.
Jewel wings’ behavior involves attacking what’s directly in front of them, the team found. But recordings made in the lab by Dr. Gonzalez and her colleagues confirmed that dragonflies rise up in a straight line to seize unsuspecting insects from below. Researchers are particularly interested in the neurons (神经元) that send visual information to the wings.
To look closer at the neurons linking vision and flight, the researchers equipped jewel wings with sensors and showed them a video of a moving dot, comparing it with earlier dragonfly research. When a neuron fired, a popping sound filled the researchers’ ears, allowing them to tell exactly which movements-left, right, up, down or some combination-each neuron responded to. Jewel wings best see what’s right in front of them, they found, while dragonflies’ clearest vision is just above them.
The team was interested to find that while jewel wings’ neurons didn’t always respond like those in dragonflies, the number of neurons and organization were similar. That suggests that the system that conveys this information from the eyes to the wing muscles did not evolve recently, but has roots that are millions of years older than the oldest dinosaurs. And that ancient common ancestor likely had already developed remarkable speed in both vision and flight. Then, in the following years, the system has evolved to suit individual insect species.
This shared neural system may be more than 250 million years old, but it is also flexible enough to transform itself to meet the needs of a variety of creatures in different eras and environments, the findings suggest.
42. Jewel wings usually catch their meals ________ them.
A. on the right of B. on the left of
C. straight ahead of D. at the back of
43. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. What actions jewel wings take to catch preys.
B. How jewel wings ‘neurons respond to vision.
C. When jewel wings start to hunt for their preys.
D. Where researchers did the research into jewel wings.
44. What can we learn about dragonflies and jewel wings from the passage?
A. The two insects possess similar neural systems.
B. Jewel wings’ vision is sharper than dragonflies’.
C. Dragonflies ‘brain wiring is the same with jewel wings’.
D. The oldest dinosaurs react as rapidly as the two insects.
45. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To analyse the habits of two similar insects.
B. To tell the difference between dragonflies and jewel wings.
C. To assess the effects of different insects ‘hunting strategies.
D. To present the result of a study on two insects neural systems.
【答案】42. C 43. B 44. A 45. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项新研究发现比起外貌，豆娘和蜻蜓一起分享更重要的视觉神经系统，但是这两种昆虫的视觉神经系统对具体的视觉反应又有所不同。而且该团队还发现这两种昆虫神经的数量和结构也是相似的。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段的第一句“Jewel wings’ behavior involves attacking what’s directly in front of them, the team found.”和第四段的最后的一句“Jewel wings best see what’s right in front of them, they found, while dragonflies’ clearest vision is just above them.”可知，该团队发现豆娘的行为包括了袭击刚好在它们前面的物体，豆娘最好的视觉就是这个物体刚刚好在它们前面，然后蜻蜓最清晰的视觉恰好是在它们上面。由此可见，豆娘通常可以抓住刚好在它们前面的食物。结合选项可知，C选项正确。
【43题详解】
主旨大意题。由第四段的第一句“To look closer at the neurons linking vision and flight, the researchers equipped jewel wings with sensors and showed them a video of a moving dot, comparing it with earlier dragonfly research.When a neuron fired, a popping sound filled the researchers’ ears, allowing them to tell exactly which movements-left, right, up, down or some combination-each neuron responded to. Jewel wings best see what’s right in front of them, they found, while dragonflies’ clearest vision is just above them.”可知，为了更近距离地观察连接视觉和飞行的神经元，研究人员在豆娘上安装了传感器，并向它们播放了一个移动点的视频，将其与早期的蜻蜓研究进行了比较。当一个神经元被激发时，研究人员的耳朵里充满了爆裂的声音，让他们准确地分辨出每个神经元对哪个动作有反应——左、右、上、下或者某种组合。 他们发现，豆娘最能看清眼前的东西，而蜻蜓最清晰的视野就在它们的上方。由此可知，本段主要是在介绍豆娘的神经元对视觉是如何反应的。故B选项正确。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。由第五段第一句“The team was interested to find that while jewel wings’ neurons didn’t always respond like those in dragonflies, the number of neurons and organization were similar.”可知，该团队有趣地发现虽然豆娘的神经元不总是像蜻蜓的神经元那样反应，但是它们的神经元数量和结构是相似的。由此可见，豆娘和蜻蜓拥有相似的神经元系统。结合选项可知，A选项正确。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。由整篇文章内容可知，第二段的第三句“In a paper published in Current Biology, Dr. Bellido and the dragonfly colleagues reveal that the neural (神经的) systems behind jewel wings’ vision are shared with dragonflies, with whom they have a common ancestor that lived before dinosaurs.” 表示的是在《当代生物学》杂志上发表的一篇论文中，伯利多博士和他的蜻蜓同事们揭示了豆娘视觉背后的神经系统与蜻蜓是共享的，它们有一个共同的祖先，生活在恐龙之前。第三段最后一句“Researchers are particularly interested in the neurons (神经元) that send visual information to the wings.”表示的是研究者们特别对发送视觉信息给豆娘的神经元感兴趣。第四段的第一句“To look closer at the neurons linking vision and flight, the researchers equipped jewel wings with sensors and showed them a video of a moving dot, comparing it with earlier dragonfly research.”表示的是为了更靠近地观察这些神经元将视觉和飞行连接起来的功能，研究者们和早期的蜻蜓研究对比，给豆娘装上了传感器，并且向它们展示了一段移动点的视频。以及第五段的“The team was interested to find that while jewel wings’ neurons didn’t always respond like those in dragonflies, the number of neurons and organization were similar.” 表示的是该团队有趣地发现虽然豆娘的神经元不总是像蜻蜓的神经元那样反应，但是它们的神经元数量和结构是相似的。由此可见，本文首先介绍豆娘的视觉神经系统和蜻蜓的是共享的，紧接着研究人员深入地去观察神经元和视觉之间具体的联系，最后又发现了它们神经元数量和结构的相似性。由此判断出这篇文章的主要目的是介绍两种昆虫神经系统的研究结果。故D选项正确。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
As the manager for a newly formed team, you want to help your team members get to an effective and high-performing state as quickly as possible.
____46____ His original model identified four stages that all groups pass through as they move from “newly formed” to “high-performance” teams. Those stages are Forming, Storming, Norming, and Performing.
During the Forming stage, members of the project team meet each other and learn about the tasks they need to perform. ____47____ During this stage, it is critical for the project manager to provide structure and direction for the team. Clearly defining the project’s objectives and making sure each team member understands their role and responsibilities will help you lead the team through this stage successfully.
The Storming stage is characterized by interpersonal issues such as conflicts. During this stage it is common for team members to challenge each other, including the project manager! Team members may also question what they are doing and how it is being done. As the project manager, this will likely be the most challenging time leading your project. Understanding that this type of conflict is normal for any team will help you pass through this stage successfully. During this stage, some of the skills that help you build your team are conflict management, active listening, and relationship building. ____48____
As conflicts become less intense and the team members begin to understand and accept each other, the team will gradually move into the Norming stage. It is during this stage that your team starts to come together and is able to focus more effectively on the project tasks and objectives. ____49____ Communication and constructive response help you do this. You can continue your team building efforts by arranging social events with the team and making sure to give positive recognition to team members.
____50____ Interpersonal and structural issues have been settled and support task performance. Team performance is high during this stage.
A. It is also important for you to be confident and positive.
B. Several researchers put forward different theories.
C. In the Performing stage, team members are comfortable with each other.
D. Your behavior has a huge influence on your team members.
E. One of the most influential theories was developed by Bruce Tuckman.
F. You need to focus on keeping everyone moving in the right direction.
G. Team members try to see how they fit in and understand what is expected.
【答案】46. E 47. G 48. A 49. F 50. C
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了布鲁斯·塔克曼提出的理论的原始模型确定了所有团队从“新组建”到“高绩效”团队所经历的四个阶段。
【46题详解】
根据后一句“His original model identified four stages that all groups pass through as they move from ‘newly formed’ to ‘high-performance’ teams.”可知，他的原始模型确定了所有团队从“新组建”到“高绩效”团队所经历的四个阶段。E项“最有影响力的理论之一是布鲁斯·塔克曼提出的”引起下文，E项中的“Bruce Tuckman”与下文的“His”相呼应，符合语境。故选E项。
【47题详解】
根据前一句“During the Forming stage, members of the project team meet each other and learn about the tasks they need to perform.”可知，在形成阶段，项目组成员互相见面，了解他们需要执行的任务。G项“团队成员试图了解他们如何融入其中，并了解预期情况”承接上文，G项中的“Team members”和“understand what is expected”与上文的“members of the project team”和“learn about the tasks they need to perform”相呼应，符合语境。故选G项。
【48题详解】
根据前一句“During this stage, some of the skills that help you build your team are conflict management, active listening, and relationship building.”可知，在此阶段，帮助你建立团队的一些技能包括冲突管理、积极倾听和建立关系。A项“对你来说自信和积极也是很重要的”承接上文，A项中的“confident and positive”与上文的“skills”相呼应，符合语境。故选A项。
【49题详解】
根据后一句“Communication and constructive response help you do this.”可知，沟通和建设性的回应有助于你做到这一点。F项“你需要集中精力让每个人都朝着正确的方向前进”承上启下，下文的this指F项内容，符合语境。故选F项。
【50题详解】
根据下文的“Team performance is high during this stage.”可知，在这个阶段团队表现很好。C项“在表演阶段，团队成员彼此相处融洽”引起下文。根据上文“Those stages are Forming, Storming, Norming, and Performing.”可知，上文已解释前三个阶段，所以最后一段讲表演阶段，所以C项符合语境。故选C项。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）
第一节 应用作文（15分）
51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim要来中国留学，听说手机支付(mobile payment)在中国非常普通，在邮件中向你咨询生活中使用手机支付的情况。请你用英语给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 在哪些情况下可以使用手机支付；
2. 使用手机支付的感受。
要求：1 词数不少于50；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I'm very excited to hear that you are coming to study in China and I'm happy to talk about the use of mobile payment here.
In present China, mobile payment, including Alipay and WeChat, is widely used. Rather than carrying cash or bank cards in their bags, people can simply go out with their smart phones and scan a QR code to pay for a meal, shop in supermarkets or take public transport. People even send ''lucky money'' (also known as ''red packet'') to their families and friends using WeChat.
The application of mobile payment has brought great convenience to our daily life. For one, it saves the time and trouble of giving changes in stores; for another, people needn't worry about bringing their wallets. Once you've arrived in China, I'll help you link a bank card to your phone and you can start using mobile payment immediately.
Looking forward to seeing you.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。要求考生给Jim写信，给他介绍手机支付在中国的使用情况。
【详解】体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应以一般现在时为主
结构：总分总
要求：
1. 在哪些情况下可以使用手机支付；
2. 使用手机支付的感受。
第二步：列提纲（重点词组）
be excited to do sth./ talk about/ tell sb. sth./ rather than/ bring convenient to/ worry about/ arrive in/ look forward to/ pay for
第三步：连词成句
1. I'm delighted to hear that you are coming to study in China and I'm happy to share something about the use of mobile payment here.
2. In present China, mobile payment, including Alipay and WeChat, is widely used.
3.Instead of carrying cash or bank cards in their bags, people can simply go out with their smart phones and scan a QR code to pay for a meal, shop in supermarkets or take public transport.
4. People even send ''lucky money'' (also known as ''red packet'') to their families and friends using WeChat, which adds to pleasure to everyone.
5. The application of mobile payment has brought great convenience to our daily life.
6. It saves the time and trouble of giving changes in stores.
7. People needn't worry about bringing their wallets.
8. The moment you've arrived in China, I'll help you link a bank card to your phone and you can begin using mobile payment immediately.
9. Looking forward to seeing you.
第四步：连句成篇（加入衔接词或从句）
表示并列的连词：and/but/or/so…
状语从句连词：because/ if/ though/ although…
定语从句连词：which/ that/ when/ where…
第五步：修改润色（加入高级词汇或短语）
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了一些主从复合句，例如：I'm very excited to hear that you are coming to study in China and I'm happy to talk about the use of mobile payment here.中that引导宾语从句；Once you've arrived in China, I'll help you link a bank card to your phone and you can start using mobile payment immediately.中once引导时间状语从句。
第二节 情景作文（20分）
52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，用英文写一篇短文，向“英语园地”投稿。记述你和同学们在新冠肺炎疫情期间，参加学校组织的“向奋战在战‘疫’一线的医护人员献爱心”（Show our gratitude and love to the medical staff）活动的全过程。
注意：词数不少于60.
提示词：新冠肺炎 COVID-19
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Last week, I received a WeChat message from our school, calling on all the senior students to show our gratitude and love to the medical staff who were fighting against COVID-19 in the front line.
Inspired by this idea, my classmates and I decided to make an MV for the doctors and nurses. Due to the epidemic situation, we discussed about the details on WeChat: some of us performed the song, some edited the video and others posted the MV online or on Microblog. To pay our tribute, we named it “Grateful heart”.
To our great surprise, our MV aroused wide attention on Microblog. We received tons of likes, meanwhile, the mv was shared over ten thousand times! Beyond our expectations, we even received messages from front-line medical staff. Doctor Zhang and nurse Zhao saw our video and thanked us for our support. As students, though our contribution is limited in the fight against the virus, we felt extremely proud that our small act could send warm to the staff.
【解析】
【分析】
这篇书面表达是一篇看图作文。假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，用英文写一篇短文，向“英语园地”投稿。
【详解】假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，用英文写一篇短文，向“英语园地”投稿。记述你和同学们在新冠肺炎疫情期间，参加学校组织的“向奋战在战‘疫’一线的医护人员献爱心”（Show our gratitude and love to the medical staff）活动的全过程。分析可知，应该以第一人称为主，一般过去时进行写作。一定要看懂图片内容，准确表述图片描述的内容，考生要先想好写哪几点，运用合适的语法规则和词汇把各要点都准确表述出。描述要尽量选择简洁的语言，难点在于选择词汇和句型，可以灵活运用高级词汇和固定短语准确表述。还要用适当的连接词把句子连接起来，这样文章显得更连贯。
【点睛】这篇书面表达的关键在于对图片内容的准确表述，同时注意谋篇布局的顺序，运用合适的连接词连接全文，同时选择高级的词汇和语法项目让文章更有文采。Last week, I received a WeChat message from our school, calling on all the senior students to show our gratitude and love to the medical staff who were fighting against COVID-19 in the front line.定语从句的运用。As students, though our contribution is limited in the fight against the virus, we felt extremely proud that our small act could send warm to the staff. 宾语从句的运用。
英语试卷
本试卷共10页，共120分。考试时间100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1. 5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
I’ll always remember the woman who gave me tissues while I was crying on the train. I ____1____ (try) so hard to calm down when she handed me the tissues. She said, “We’ve all been there, crying on the train.” As she was getting off, she added, “Whatever’s wrong, it will get ____2____ (good). That doesn’t mean anything right now, but it really will.” She was just a regular business-casual lady, but she was a hero to me. Also! She inspired me ____3____ (carry) a little pack of tissues in case I see someone crying.
【答案】1. tried/was trying
2. better 3. to carry
【解析】
本文为记叙文。作者在火车上哭泣时，有位女士递给作者一张纸巾并安慰一切都会好起来。她还鼓励作者随身携带一小包纸巾，以防看到有人哭。
【1题详解】
考查固定句式及时态。句意：当她把纸巾递给我时，我（正）努力使自己平静下来。“were/was doing…when…”为固定句式，意为“正要做……这个时候……”。本句叙述的是过去的事，主语是I，用was trying。也可译为“当我在尽力平静进，她把纸巾递给我”，表示动作发生在过去 ，可用一般过去时，填tried。故本空填 tried/was trying。
【2题详解】
考查语境及比较级。句意：不管出了什么问题，都会好起来的。get为系动词，后面常用形容词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处是指无论出了什么问题，都会变得更好，因此要用比较，故填better。
【3题详解】
考查固定用词。句意：她鼓励我随身携带一小包纸巾，以防我看到有人哭。“inspire sb to do…”意为“激励某人做某事”，因此空格处要填动词不定式，故填to carry。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
As Spring Festival begins to be celebrated worldwide, the richness of Chinese cultures spreads widely as well. Recently, two special stamps____4____(design) by Han Meilin, a Chinese artist. They were used to mark the New Year of Rat. One of them shows a leaping rat bit the sky to create an opening so that sunshine could come to Earth, ___5___symbolizes the wish for a better life. In the second stamp, a rat family of father, mom and baby sit by a small pile of peanuts, looking into the distance expectantly. That image represents the wish for a bountiful harvest and a happy family life. The creativity, well____6____(know) as a cultural landmark, goes beyond borders.
【答案】4. have been designed
5. which 6. known
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍为了迎接鼠年的来到，韩美林设计了两张有特殊纪念意义的鼠年生肖邮票，它们寓意着对美好生活的期望。
【4题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：最近，由中国艺术家韩美林设计了两张特别的邮票。此处是句子谓语动词，由recently判断为现在完成时，主语stamps和design之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，故填have been designed。
5题详解】
考查定语从句。分析句子可知，此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词a leaping rat bit the sky to create an opening在从句中充当主语，应用指代物的关系代词，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故填which。
【6题详解】
考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作定语，逻辑主语the creativity和know之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，故填known。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
As humans, we naturally tend to notice the bad events in life more than the good. It is because we need to keep an eye on the negative ones to keep us far away ____7____ dangers. If we are aware of threats around us, we are more able to switch on a defense. However, if we ____8____ (active) turn to focus on the positive, we can feel less stress and enjoy life more from an increasingly optimistic point. To enjoy the life in the present moment, we need to notice ____9____ is going right, and appreciate it. It doesn't mean that you have to pretend you're happy when you're not. On the contrary, it means that you tend to notice the things that lead to greater ____10____ (happy) when you have a choice.
【答案】7. from
8. actively
9. what 10. happiness
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。作为人类，我们自然而然去关注生活中不好的事情。但事实上，我们应该更多关注积极向上的事物，这让我们在面临选择时，能看到事物通向幸福的方面。
【7题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：这是因为我们需要关注负面的东西，让我们远离危险。far away from“远离”，故填from。
【8题详解】
考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词turn，故填actively。
【9题详解】
考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句连接词，从句缺少主语，且意为“什么”，应用连接代词what，故填what。
【10题详解】
考查名词。此处应填名词作为介词to的宾语，“幸福”不可数，故填happiness。
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Last summer, Steller pulled off the freeway on her way to work in Minneapolis. She stopped at a traffic light, where a man was sitting with a sign asking for help. She ____11____ down her window.
“Hey!” she shouted. “I’m driving around giving ____12____ haircuts. If I go and grab my ____13____, do you want one right now?”
The man looked to be in his 60s. He was heavyset, and ____14____ a few teeth. He laughed, and then paused, “____15____, I was really hoping to get a haircut.”
“I’ll be right back,” Steller said.
She drove off, went to the salon she owns, and ____16____ a red chair into her car.
Quickly she ____17____ back. Then she cut the man’s curly graying hair. The man told her about growing up in Mississippi, about moving to Minnesota to be closer to his adult children, and how he still talks to his mom every day.
After Steller was done, the man looked in a mirror and ____18____, “I look good!” he said. “I’ll have to remember to put my artificial teeth in next time.”
To date, Steller has given about 30 such haircuts to people around the city. These clients are all living down and out, so she is clearly aware of the ____19____ of her cleanup job.
In fact, for Steller, it’s more than a haircut. It is not only a gateway to show value and ____20____, but also to get to know people. She wants to ____21____ relationships.
Steller knows that a haircut can ____22____ a life because one changed hers: As a teen, she suffered from a disease called ulcerative colitis, which was so ____23____ that her hair thinned severely. Seeing this, her mother arranged for Steller’s first professional haircut.
Sitting down and having somebody look at her made Steller feel that she was a ____24____ and not just an illness, which helped her feel ____25____ and less alone.
After that, Steller decided to have her own salon so she could help the people ____26____ the feeling she’d had that day. Not long after finishing hairdressing school in 2009, she began what she now calls her Red Chair Project, ____27____ out to people on the streets. Steller listens to people’s stories of ____28____, suffering, and struggle to get back on their feet. She believes even if she can’t ____29____ their problems, maybe she can help them feel less alone for a moment. The attention ____30____ works.
And it all began with a belief in simple acts of kindness, such as a free haircut.
11. A. took B. rolled C. knocked D. tore
12. A. quick B. modern C. free D. luxurious
13. A. chair B. table C. knife D. glove
14. A. growing B. showing C. pressing D. missing
15. A. Actually B. Curiously C. Occasionally D. Particularly
16. A. turned B. loaded C. fastened D. restored
17. A. ran B. walked C. cycled D. drove
18. A. recognized B. wept C. smiled D. guessed
19. A. power B. profit C. reward D. technique
20. A. wealth B. pride C. innocence D. respect
21. A. judge B. build C. break D. clarify
22. A. make B. ruin C. change D. extend
23. A. serious B. regular C. natural D. obvious
24. A. student B. pioneer C. advisor D. person
25. A. commented on B. cared about C. laughed at D. convinced of
26. A. feel B. describe C. remark D. transfer
27. A. showing B. reaching C. speaking D. pointing
28. A. anger B. envy C. loss D. shock
29. A. find B. list C. treat D. fix
30. A. rarely B. accurately C. apparently D. secretly
【答案】11. B 12. C 13. A 14. D 15. A 16. B 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. D 21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. C
【解析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章讲述了美发师Steller因为小时候自己生病头发稀少，一次专业理发改变自己的生活，决定自己办理发店，并免费为街头的穷人理发的故事。文章指出，即使她可能解决不了问题，但可以缓解人们的孤独感。
【11题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她摇下车窗。A. took带走；B. rolled滚动；C. knocked 敲；D. tore 撕碎。根据上文Last summer, Steller pulled off the freeway on her way to work in Minneapolis可知去年夏天，Steller在去明尼阿波利斯上班的路上，开下了高速公路，说明Steller在开车，因此这里是摇下（roll down）车窗，故选B。
【12题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我正在开车到处走，给人免费理发。A. quick快速的；B. modern现代的；C. free 免费的；D. luxurious 奢侈的。根据下文And it all began with a belief in simple acts of kindness, such as a free haircut.可知这里是免费（free）理发。故选C。
【13题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我去拿我的椅子，你想马上试试吗？A. chair 椅子；B. table桌子；C. knife 小刀；D. glove 手套。根据后文a red chair into her car可知，她去拿的是椅子（chair），故选A。
【14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他体格魁梧，缺了一些牙齿。A. growing 成长的；B. showing展示的；C. pressing按压的；D. missing 缺的、丢失的。根据下文I'll have to remember to put my artificial teeth in next time.可知，他缺（missing）了几颗牙，故选D。
【15题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。他笑了，然后停下来说，我真的希望剪个头发。A. Actually 事实上；B. Curiously好奇地；C. Occasionally偶尔；D. Particularly 尤其。下午Then she cut the man’s curly graying hair.说明，他理发了，所以这里句意是事实上（actually）。故选A。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她开车离开，去她自己的理发店，把一把红的椅子装进车里。A. turned转身；B. loaded 装载；C. fastened 拴上；D. restored 恢复。根据空前If I go and grab my ___3___,可知她去拿椅子了，因此，这里是把椅子装到（load）了汽车里，故选B。
【17题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，她开车回来了。A. ran 跑；B. walked 散步；C. cycled 骑自行车；D. drove 开车。根据上句She drove off可知她开车离开了，因此，这里是开车（drive）回来了，故选D。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Steller剪完后，男士看着镜子，笑着说：很好。A. recognized认出；B. wept 哭泣；C. smiled 微笑；D. guessed 猜测。根据下句I look good!" he said可知，他很满意，应该是笑了（smile），故选C。
【19题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些客人这些客户都过着穷困潦倒的生活，所以她清楚的意识到她清理工作的力量。A. power力量；B. profit 利益；C. reward奖励；D. technique 技术。下文Steller knows that a haircut can____12___ a life because one changed hers可知，她意识到她的清理工作的力量（power）。故选A。
【20题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它不仅是表达价值和尊重的途径，也是认识人的途径。A. wealth 财富；B. pride骄傲； C. innocence无辜；D. respect 尊敬。根据上下文，剪头发可以体现价值和对人的尊重（respect），故选D。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她想建立关系。A. judge判断；B. build建造；C. break 毁坏；D. clarify澄清。根据上句but also to get to know people.可知，她想认识人，来建立（build）关系，故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Steller知道一次理发可以改变生活，因为理发曾经改变过她的生活。 A. make制作；B. ruin 破坏；C. change 改变；D. extend 扩展。根据下文because one changed hers可知这里是改变（change），故选C。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：青年时期，她得了溃疡性结肠炎，病得很严重，以至于她头发非常稀疏。A. serious严重的；B. regular有规律的；C. natural自然的；D. obvious明显的。根据空后her hair thinned severely可知病得非常严重（serious），故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：坐着，让别人看着她，让Steller觉得，她是一个人，而不仅仅是生病了。这让她感到被关心，而且不那么孤单。A. student 学生；B. pioneer 先驱；C. advisor 顾问；D. person人。根据语境，生病后去理发，可以让她感受到自己虽然病了，但仍然是人（person），被尊重。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：坐着，让别人看着她，让Steller觉得，她是一个人，而不仅仅是生病了。这让她感到被关心，而且不那么孤单。A. commented on 评论；B. cared about在乎； C. laughed at嘲笑；D. convinced of 信服。根据下文maybe she can help them feel less alone for a moment.可以看出，她感到被关心和在乎（cared about）。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那之后，Steller 决定自己办一个理发店，这样她就可以帮助人们感受她那天的感觉。A. feel 感觉；B. describe描述；C. remark说话；D. transfer 改变。根据下文maybe she can help them feel less alone for a moment.可知这里是感受（feel）。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：2009年美发学校毕业后，她开始了她的红椅子项目，伸手去帮助街上的人。A. showing展示；B. reaching到达，伸手；C. speaking说话；D. pointing指向。根据上下文，她想要伸出（reach）手去帮助别人，故选B。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Steller听人们故事，有失败，苦难和重新站起来的努力。A. anger生气；B. envy羡慕；C. loss损失；D. shock 震惊。根据空后suffering, and struggle to get back on their feet可知这里失败（loss）。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使她不能解决他们的问题，也许她可以帮助他们暂时减轻孤独感。A. find发现，B. list列举，C. treat对待， D. fix安装，解决。根据语境，句子表达的是解决（fix）不了问题，仍然可以缓解孤单。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：显然，这种关注起作用了。A. rarely很少；B. accurately精确地；C. apparently明显地；D. secretly秘密地。故事里，作者通过自己的经历，决定去帮助他人，而且显然（apparently）她的行动起作用了。故选C。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Who can be volunteering?
A Ugandan NGO (Non-Governmental Organization) was formed by members of a rural community in South-west Uganda in 2007. They developed a local school for children aging from 3 to 15 from poor families, and started community based projects that will equip the young villagers with the skills and knowledge to face a safer and brighter future.
The project itself is well integrated into the community and those undertaking volunteering work are always given a warm welcome, especially by the local children who love spending time with volunteers from all ages and backgrounds.
Volunteering at Uganda Lodge is suitable for families, gap year teenagers, seniors etc.
For medical students we can offer you official medical elective course scores with no additional fees charged. Staying at Uganda Lodge could also count for the residential section of the Gold Award and Queens Scout Awards.
What can I do?
You need to speak English. Even if you are not a Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) teacher (although useful!), you can go into the classrooms and make a meaningful difference. Experienced teachers can take over a whole class if they wish, after consulting with the teacher on content.
We now have over 500 students in the Ruhanga Development School and they are in urgent need of teachers. English conversation is needed for the older children in particular, also showing picture books etc. or simply talking to babies helps inspire their mental and physical growth.
Children at our kindergartens and primary schools do love help from our volunteers to learn new rhymes and songs, talk about pictures in books or get inspirations with craftwork and painting.
Find out more about our programme:
Website: ugandalodge.com
Email: ann@ugandalodge.com
31. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To praise volunteers. B. To raise money.
C. To seek help. D. To introduce a school.
32. After the programme, optional course credits can be awarded to
A. medicine-major students B. education-major students
C. IT-major students D. English-major students
33. Who is most wanted at present according to the passage?
A. An American lady who cares about international sports events.
B. A British college student who loves to communicate with kids.
C. An Australian teenager who enjoys reading English books silently.
D. A Canadian white collar manager who does well in performing art.
【答案】31. C 32. A 33. B
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。文章是一篇招聘志愿者的广告，提出了对志愿者的要求，并对部分特殊领域的志愿者提供了一定的非物质回报。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容可知，这是一则招聘志愿者的广告，乌干达的一个非政府组织希望志愿者们来乌干达小木屋做义工，以及走进教室教孩子们各方面的技能。由此推测，本文的主要目的是寻求志愿者的帮助。C. To seek help.(寻求帮助)符合以上说法，故选C项。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一部分的For medical students we can offer you official medical elective course scores with no additional fees charged.(对于医科学生，我们可以为您提供正式的医学选修课成绩，不收取额外费用)可知，项目结束后，选修课的学分可以免费提供给医科学生。A. medicine-major students(医科学生)符合以上说法，故选A项。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二部分的We now have over 500 students in the Ruhanga Development School and they are in urgent need of teachers. English conversation is needed for the older children in particular(我们现在有500多名学生在Ruhanga开发学校，他们迫切需要教师，特别是大一点的孩子需要用英语进行交谈)可知，该学校非常需要会英语且喜欢和孩子交流的老师。B. A British college student who loves to communicate with kids.(一个喜欢和孩子交流的英国大学生)符合以上要求，故选B项。
B
Autumn Peltier is a youth environmentalist who has inspired thousands of students to walk out of class and demand action on climate change.
When Autumn Peltier was just 8 years old, she attended a ceremony at a reservation where she saw a sign warning that the water was poisonous. Growing up on a freshwater island in Wiikwemkoong Unceded Territory in Canada, Peltier says she had never experienced poisonous water. The memory of that sign stayed with her.
Two years later, at the age of 10, Peltier is fighting for water conservation and water rights for everybody. She says she was inspired by her great aunt, Josephine Mandamin, a well-known activist who walked the shores of all five Great Lakes to raise awareness for water conservation.
When she was 12 in 2015, Peltier met Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, telling him she was unhappy with his policies on debating pipeline projects. Trudeau promised her he would preserve the water. Since 2015, 87 long-term water advisories in Canada have been lifted; 56 water advisories remain.
At middle school, Peltier joined an environmental group at her school and later co-founded the Canadian Youth Water Strike-a Canadian branch of the international movement to conserve water.
Last year, Peltier spoke at the UN about the importance of water conservation and water access, explaining the fundamental role water plays in her culture.
“Many people don’t think water is alive or has a spirit. My people believe this to be true. . . . We believe our water is precious because we are born of water.”
After the speech at the UN, Peltier is joined by a group of teenagers who share similar thoughts. Her friends include Greta Thunberg, a Swedish girl who drew the world attention through the talk at World Economic Forum at Davos, Bruno Rodriguez, an Argentinian boy who joined in the UN Climate Summit, and Mari Copeny, an American girl who is dedicated to the cause of saving water. Peltier and her friends believe that together they can make a big difference.
Undoubtedly, Peltier’s many years of hard work has paid off. She has greatly raised people’s awareness of water conservation and taught people to take specific actions to conserve water.
That’s an impressive list of accomplishments for anyone, let alone a middle schooler.
34. How did Peltier feel about the poisonous water when she was 8?
A. Shocked. B. Interested. C. Excited. D. Bored.
35. Who influenced Peltier to start water conservation?
A. UN officials. B. Trudeau. C. Mandamin. D. Thunberg.
36. What does Peltier expect to do in the future?
A. To make more friends. B. To protect more water.
C. To attend more summits. D. To organize more strikes.
37. What can we learn from Autumn Peltier’s story?
A. World leaders can contribute to success.
B. Environment is Canadians’major concern.
C. Fame comes from attending great summits.
D. Achievements result from continuous effort.
【答案】34. A 35. C 36. B 37. D
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了加拿大女孩佩尔蒂尔多年来一直致力于保护水资源，她的事迹激励了无数人行动起来保护水资源。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Peltier says she had never experienced poisonous water. The memory of that sign stayed with her.”可知，佩尔蒂尔说自己从未看到过有毒的水，因此“水有毒”的警告标志一直让她印象深刻，由此判断出，看到“水有毒”的警告标志时，佩尔蒂尔感到非常震惊，故A项正确。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Two years later, at the age of 10, Peltier is fighting for water conservation and water rights for everybody. She says she was inspired by her great aunt, Josephine Mandamin”可知，十岁时，佩尔蒂尔为水源保护和人人享有用水权而奋斗，她说她是受到姨妈约瑟芬·曼达敏的激励（影响），故C项正确。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“After the speech at the UN, Peltier is joined by a group of teenagers who share similar thoughts.”及“Peltier and her friends believe that together they can make a big difference.”可知，在联合国的演讲结束后，佩尔蒂尔加入了一群有着相似想法（共同目标）的青少年的行列中，他们相信他们在一起努力可以产生很大的影响，由此判断出，以后佩尔蒂尔会致力于保护更多的水资源，故B项正确。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“Autumn Peltier is a youth environmentalist who has inspired thousands of students to walk out of class and demand action on climate change.”及倒数第二段“Undoubtedly, Peltier’s many years of hard work has paid off. She has greatly raised people’s awareness of water conservation and taught people to take specific actions to conserve water.”可知，由此可知，本文主要讲述的是加拿大女孩佩尔蒂尔多年来一直致力于保护水资源，她多年的努力最终取得了回报——她的行为激励了无数人行动起来保护水资源，因此，从佩尔蒂尔的事迹中我们能够学到：成就是不断努力的结果（不断努力，终会取得成就），故D项正确。
C
Infectious diseases and associated deaths have reduced, but they remain a significant threat throughout the world. Infectious diseases outbreaks and the fear and panic that accompany them present various economic risks.
First, there are costs to the health system, both public and private, of medical treatment of the infected and of outbreak control. Concern over the spread of a relatively contained outbreak can lead to decreased trade. Travel and tourism to regions affected by outbreaks are also likely to decline. Some long-running outbreaks, such as HIV, prevent foreign direct investment.
The economic risks are large. It is estimated that the expected yearly cost of infectious diseases is at roughly $500 billion. Even when the health impact of an outbreak is relatively limited, its economic consequences can quickly become expanded. Liberia, for example, saw GDP growth decline 8 percentages from 2013 to 2014 during the Ebola outbreak in Africa.
The risk is complex, but policymakers have tools in response.
Investing in improved health care, supply of clean water, and better health systems can reduce the frequency of human contact with viruses. Investment in reliable disease monitoring in both human and animal populations is also critical. Within formal global watch systems, instead of discouraging reporting possible outbreaks, it may be beneficial to develop incentives for reporting suspected cases, as countries may reasonably fear the effects of such reporting on trade, tourism, and other economic outcomes. Informal monitoring systems, social media for example, which collect information from official reports, media reports, online discussions, and eyewitness observations, can also help national health systems and international responders get ahead of the outbreak news during the early stages. Cooperations for monitoring infectious diseases readiness at the national level provide information national governments can use to react timely to their outbreaks.
There is a significant market failure when it comes to vaccines (疫苗) against individual low-probability viruses that collectively are likely to cause panic. Given the low probability that any single vaccine of this type will be needed, high Research and Development (R&D) costs, and delayed returns, medical companies hesitate to invest in their development. However, responsible international corporations such as CFPI can overcome this market failure. Its goals include advancing candidate vaccines against specific low-probability, high-severity viruses through proof of concept to enable rapid clinical testing in the event of outbreaks. It also aims to fund development of institutional and technical platforms to speed R&D in response to outbreaks for which there are no vaccines.
Undoubtedly, humans and infectious viruses will coexist. However, we can take effective measures to manage the risk of the diseases. Joint action now at the local, national, and multinational levels can go a long way toward protecting our collective well-being in the future.
38. What does the underlined word ''incentives'' in Paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Habits. B. Opinions.
C. Arguments D. Rewards.
39. CFPI is a special company which
A. is able to predict the trend of the market
B. develops vaccines against infectious viruses
C. makes huge profits by selling general medicine
D. employs staff who graduate from famous universities
40. What does the passage imply?
A. More importance should be attached to health care systems.
B. All-level cooperations are required to handle infectious diseases.
C. It will not be long before mankind thoroughly defeats the viruses.
D. Technologies hold the key to the settlement of medical problems.
41. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Health Risks and Research of Infectious Diseases
B. Global Cooperation and Spread of Infectious Diseases
C. Economic Impact and Solutions of Infectious Diseases
D. Medical Service and Development of Infectious Diseases
【答案】38. D 39. B 40. B 41. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了传染性疾病会使人们恐惧，使社会面临巨大经济风险。但通过改善医疗保险、清洁水的供应和更好的卫生系统可以减少人类接触病毒的频率。此外，地方、国家和国与国之间的多层面合作也有助于控制传染性疾病。
【38题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线部分所在句子Within formal global watch systems, instead of discouraging reporting possible outbreaks, it may be beneficial to develop incentives for reporting suspected cases, as countries may reasonably fear the effects of such reporting on trade, tourism, and other economic outcomes.可知，在全球检测系统中，与其阻止报告可能的疫情，还不如发展报告疑似病例的incentive，因为各国可能有理由担心报告对贸易、旅游和其它经济成果的影响。划线词所在的上下文是转折关系。根据上文的discouraging推测划线部分的意思是“奖励”。D. Rewards.(奖励)符合以上说法，故选D项。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的However, responsible international corporations such as CFPI can overcome this market failure. Its goals include advancing candidate vaccines against specific low-probability, high-severity viruses through proof of concept to enable rapid clinical testing in the event of outbreaks. (然而，像CFPI这样负责任的国际公司可以克服这种市场失灵。它的目标包括通过概念验证，推进针对特定低概率、高严重性病毒的候选疫苗，以便在疫情发生时能够进行快速临床实验)可知，CFPI是一个研发抗传染病毒疫苗的公司。B. develops vaccines against infectious viruses(开发抗传染性病毒的疫苗)符合以上说法，故选B项。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的Infectious diseases and associated deaths have reduced, but they remain a significant threat throughout the world.(传染病和相关死亡已经减少，但它们仍然是全世界的重大威胁)和最后一段的However, we can take effective measures to manage the risk of the diseases. Joint action now at the local, national, and multinational levels can go a long way toward protecting our collective well-being in the future.(然而，我们可以采取积极的措施来管理疾病的风险。现在地方、国家和多国层面采取联合活动，这可以大大有助于在适当的时候保护我们所有人平安)可推测，传染性疾病的控制需要所有层面的合作。B. All-level cooperations are required to handle infectious diseases.(解决传染性疾病需要各个层面的合作)符合以上说法，故选B项。
【41题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第一段的Infectious diseases outbreaks and the fear and panic that accompany them present various economic risks.(传染性疾病的爆发以及随之而来的恐惧和恐慌带来了各种经济风险)和第五段的Investing in improved health care, supply of clean water, and better health systems can reduce the frequency of human contact with viruses.(在改善医疗保险、清洁水的供应和更好的卫生系统的投资，可以减少人类接触病毒的频率)以及最后一段的Joint action now at the local, national, and multinational levels can go a long way toward protecting our collective well-being in the future.( 现在地方、国家和多国层面采取联合活动，这可以大大有助于在适当的时候保护我们所有人平安)可知，本文主要讲述了传染性疾病带来的经济风险，以及解决方法。C. Economic Impact and Solutions of Infectious Diseases(传染性疾病的经济影响和解决方法)可以作为本文标题，故选C项。
D
“Jewel wings fly around like little helicopters until they see preys (猎物), usually smaller flying insects,” said Bellido, a biologist at the University of Minnesota. “Then they dash at their meals in a burst of speed.”
You might mistake jewel wings for their cousins, dragonflies. New research shows that these two insects share something more significant than their appearance, however. In a paper published in Current Biology, Dr. Bellido and the dragonfly colleagues reveal that the neural (神经的) systems behind jewel wings’ vision are shared with dragonflies, with whom they have a common ancestor that lived before dinosaurs. But over the centuries, this brain wiring has adapted itself in different ways in each creature, enabling sharply different hunting strategies.
Jewel wings’ behavior involves attacking what’s directly in front of them, the team found. But recordings made in the lab by Dr. Gonzalez and her colleagues confirmed that dragonflies rise up in a straight line to seize unsuspecting insects from below. Researchers are particularly interested in the neurons (神经元) that send visual information to the wings.
To look closer at the neurons linking vision and flight, the researchers equipped jewel wings with sensors and showed them a video of a moving dot, comparing it with earlier dragonfly research. When a neuron fired, a popping sound filled the researchers’ ears, allowing them to tell exactly which movements-left, right, up, down or some combination-each neuron responded to. Jewel wings best see what’s right in front of them, they found, while dragonflies’ clearest vision is just above them.
The team was interested to find that while jewel wings’ neurons didn’t always respond like those in dragonflies, the number of neurons and organization were similar. That suggests that the system that conveys this information from the eyes to the wing muscles did not evolve recently, but has roots that are millions of years older than the oldest dinosaurs. And that ancient common ancestor likely had already developed remarkable speed in both vision and flight. Then, in the following years, the system has evolved to suit individual insect species.
This shared neural system may be more than 250 million years old, but it is also flexible enough to transform itself to meet the needs of a variety of creatures in different eras and environments, the findings suggest.
42. Jewel wings usually catch their meals ________ them.
A. on the right of B. on the left of
C. straight ahead of D. at the back of
43. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. What actions jewel wings take to catch preys.
B. How jewel wings ‘neurons respond to vision.
C. When jewel wings start to hunt for their preys.
D. Where researchers did the research into jewel wings.
44. What can we learn about dragonflies and jewel wings from the passage?
A. The two insects possess similar neural systems.
B. Jewel wings’ vision is sharper than dragonflies’.
C. Dragonflies ‘brain wiring is the same with jewel wings’.
D. The oldest dinosaurs react as rapidly as the two insects.
45. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To analyse the habits of two similar insects.
B. To tell the difference between dragonflies and jewel wings.
C. To assess the effects of different insects ‘hunting strategies.
D. To present the result of a study on two insects neural systems.
【答案】42. C 43. B 44. A 45. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一项新研究发现比起外貌，豆娘和蜻蜓一起分享更重要的视觉神经系统，但是这两种昆虫的视觉神经系统对具体的视觉反应又有所不同。而且该团队还发现这两种昆虫神经的数量和结构也是相似的。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段的第一句“Jewel wings’ behavior involves attacking what’s directly in front of them, the team found.”和第四段的最后的一句“Jewel wings best see what’s right in front of them, they found, while dragonflies’ clearest vision is just above them.”可知，该团队发现豆娘的行为包括了袭击刚好在它们前面的物体，豆娘最好的视觉就是这个物体刚刚好在它们前面，然后蜻蜓最清晰的视觉恰好是在它们上面。由此可见，豆娘通常可以抓住刚好在它们前面的食物。结合选项可知，C选项正确。
【43题详解】
主旨大意题。由第四段的第一句“To look closer at the neurons linking vision and flight, the researchers equipped jewel wings with sensors and showed them a video of a moving dot, comparing it with earlier dragonfly research.When a neuron fired, a popping sound filled the researchers’ ears, allowing them to tell exactly which movements-left, right, up, down or some combination-each neuron responded to. Jewel wings best see what’s right in front of them, they found, while dragonflies’ clearest vision is just above them.”可知，为了更近距离地观察连接视觉和飞行的神经元，研究人员在豆娘上安装了传感器，并向它们播放了一个移动点的视频，将其与早期的蜻蜓研究进行了比较。当一个神经元被激发时，研究人员的耳朵里充满了爆裂的声音，让他们准确地分辨出每个神经元对哪个动作有反应——左、右、上、下或者某种组合。 他们发现，豆娘最能看清眼前的东西，而蜻蜓最清晰的视野就在它们的上方。由此可知，本段主要是在介绍豆娘的神经元对视觉是如何反应的。故B选项正确。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。由第五段第一句“The team was interested to find that while jewel wings’ neurons didn’t always respond like those in dragonflies, the number of neurons and organization were similar.”可知，该团队有趣地发现虽然豆娘的神经元不总是像蜻蜓的神经元那样反应，但是它们的神经元数量和结构是相似的。由此可见，豆娘和蜻蜓拥有相似的神经元系统。结合选项可知，A选项正确。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。由整篇文章内容可知，第二段的第三句“In a paper published in Current Biology, Dr. Bellido and the dragonfly colleagues reveal that the neural (神经的) systems behind jewel wings’ vision are shared with dragonflies, with whom they have a common ancestor that lived before dinosaurs.” 表示的是在《当代生物学》杂志上发表的一篇论文中，伯利多博士和他的蜻蜓同事们揭示了豆娘视觉背后的神经系统与蜻蜓是共享的，它们有一个共同的祖先，生活在恐龙之前。第三段最后一句“Researchers are particularly interested in the neurons (神经元) that send visual information to the wings.”表示的是研究者们特别对发送视觉信息给豆娘的神经元感兴趣。第四段的第一句“To look closer at the neurons linking vision and flight, the researchers equipped jewel wings with sensors and showed them a video of a moving dot, comparing it with earlier dragonfly research.”表示的是为了更靠近地观察这些神经元将视觉和飞行连接起来的功能，研究者们和早期的蜻蜓研究对比，给豆娘装上了传感器，并且向它们展示了一段移动点的视频。以及第五段的“The team was interested to find that while jewel wings’ neurons didn’t always respond like those in dragonflies, the number of neurons and organization were similar.” 表示的是该团队有趣地发现虽然豆娘的神经元不总是像蜻蜓的神经元那样反应，但是它们的神经元数量和结构是相似的。由此可见，本文首先介绍豆娘的视觉神经系统和蜻蜓的是共享的，紧接着研究人员深入地去观察神经元和视觉之间具体的联系，最后又发现了它们神经元数量和结构的相似性。由此判断出这篇文章的主要目的是介绍两种昆虫神经系统的研究结果。故D选项正确。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
As the manager for a newly formed team, you want to help your team members get to an effective and high-performing state as quickly as possible.
____46____ His original model identified four stages that all groups pass through as they move from “newly formed” to “high-performance” teams. Those stages are Forming, Storming, Norming, and Performing.
During the Forming stage, members of the project team meet each other and learn about the tasks they need to perform. ____47____ During this stage, it is critical for the project manager to provide structure and direction for the team. Clearly defining the project’s objectives and making sure each team member understands their role and responsibilities will help you lead the team through this stage successfully.
The Storming stage is characterized by interpersonal issues such as conflicts. During this stage it is common for team members to challenge each other, including the project manager! Team members may also question what they are doing and how it is being done. As the project manager, this will likely be the most challenging time leading your project. Understanding that this type of conflict is normal for any team will help you pass through this stage successfully. During this stage, some of the skills that help you build your team are conflict management, active listening, and relationship building. ____48____
As conflicts become less intense and the team members begin to understand and accept each other, the team will gradually move into the Norming stage. It is during this stage that your team starts to come together and is able to focus more effectively on the project tasks and objectives. ____49____ Communication and constructive response help you do this. You can continue your team building efforts by arranging social events with the team and making sure to give positive recognition to team members.
____50____ Interpersonal and structural issues have been settled and support task performance. Team performance is high during this stage.
A. It is also important for you to be confident and positive.
B. Several researchers put forward different theories.
C. In the Performing stage, team members are comfortable with each other.
D. Your behavior has a huge influence on your team members.
E. One of the most influential theories was developed by Bruce Tuckman.
F. You need to focus on keeping everyone moving in the right direction.
G. Team members try to see how they fit in and understand what is expected.
【答案】46. E 47. G 48. A 49. F 50. C
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了布鲁斯·塔克曼提出的理论的原始模型确定了所有团队从“新组建”到“高绩效”团队所经历的四个阶段。
【46题详解】
根据后一句“His original model identified four stages that all groups pass through as they move from ‘newly formed’ to ‘high-performance’ teams.”可知，他的原始模型确定了所有团队从“新组建”到“高绩效”团队所经历的四个阶段。E项“最有影响力的理论之一是布鲁斯·塔克曼提出的”引起下文，E项中的“Bruce Tuckman”与下文的“His”相呼应，符合语境。故选E项。
【47题详解】
根据前一句“During the Forming stage, members of the project team meet each other and learn about the tasks they need to perform.”可知，在形成阶段，项目组成员互相见面，了解他们需要执行的任务。G项“团队成员试图了解他们如何融入其中，并了解预期情况”承接上文，G项中的“Team members”和“understand what is expected”与上文的“members of the project team”和“learn about the tasks they need to perform”相呼应，符合语境。故选G项。
【48题详解】
根据前一句“During this stage, some of the skills that help you build your team are conflict management, active listening, and relationship building.”可知，在此阶段，帮助你建立团队的一些技能包括冲突管理、积极倾听和建立关系。A项“对你来说自信和积极也是很重要的”承接上文，A项中的“confident and positive”与上文的“skills”相呼应，符合语境。故选A项。
【49题详解】
根据后一句“Communication and constructive response help you do this.”可知，沟通和建设性的回应有助于你做到这一点。F项“你需要集中精力让每个人都朝着正确的方向前进”承上启下，下文的this指F项内容，符合语境。故选F项。
【50题详解】
根据下文的“Team performance is high during this stage.”可知，在这个阶段团队表现很好。C项“在表演阶段，团队成员彼此相处融洽”引起下文。根据上文“Those stages are Forming, Storming, Norming, and Performing.”可知，上文已解释前三个阶段，所以最后一段讲表演阶段，所以C项符合语境。故选C项。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）
第一节 应用作文（15分）
51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim要来中国留学，听说手机支付(mobile payment)在中国非常普通，在邮件中向你咨询生活中使用手机支付的情况。请你用英语给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 在哪些情况下可以使用手机支付；
2. 使用手机支付的感受。
要求：1 词数不少于50；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I'm very excited to hear that you are coming to study in China and I'm happy to talk about the use of mobile payment here.
In present China, mobile payment, including Alipay and WeChat, is widely used. Rather than carrying cash or bank cards in their bags, people can simply go out with their smart phones and scan a QR code to pay for a meal, shop in supermarkets or take public transport. People even send ''lucky money'' (also known as ''red packet'') to their families and friends using WeChat.
The application of mobile payment has brought great convenience to our daily life. For one, it saves the time and trouble of giving changes in stores; for another, people needn't worry about bringing their wallets. Once you've arrived in China, I'll help you link a bank card to your phone and you can start using mobile payment immediately.
Looking forward to seeing you.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。要求考生给Jim写信，给他介绍手机支付在中国的使用情况。
【详解】体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应以一般现在时为主
结构：总分总
要求：
1. 在哪些情况下可以使用手机支付；
2. 使用手机支付的感受。
第二步：列提纲（重点词组）
be excited to do sth./ talk about/ tell sb. sth./ rather than/ bring convenient to/ worry about/ arrive in/ look forward to/ pay for
第三步：连词成句
1. I'm delighted to hear that you are coming to study in China and I'm happy to share something about the use of mobile payment here.
2. In present China, mobile payment, including Alipay and WeChat, is widely used.
3.Instead of carrying cash or bank cards in their bags, people can simply go out with their smart phones and scan a QR code to pay for a meal, shop in supermarkets or take public transport.
4. People even send ''lucky money'' (also known as ''red packet'') to their families and friends using WeChat, which adds to pleasure to everyone.
5. The application of mobile payment has brought great convenience to our daily life.
6. It saves the time and trouble of giving changes in stores.
7. People needn't worry about bringing their wallets.
8. The moment you've arrived in China, I'll help you link a bank card to your phone and you can begin using mobile payment immediately.
9. Looking forward to seeing you.
第四步：连句成篇（加入衔接词或从句）
表示并列的连词：and/but/or/so…
状语从句连词：because/ if/ though/ although…
定语从句连词：which/ that/ when/ where…
第五步：修改润色（加入高级词汇或短语）
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了一些主从复合句，例如：I'm very excited to hear that you are coming to study in China and I'm happy to talk about the use of mobile payment here.中that引导宾语从句；Once you've arrived in China, I'll help you link a bank card to your phone and you can start using mobile payment immediately.中once引导时间状语从句。
第二节 情景作文（20分）
52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，用英文写一篇短文，向“英语园地”投稿。记述你和同学们在新冠肺炎疫情期间，参加学校组织的“向奋战在战‘疫’一线的医护人员献爱心”（Show our gratitude and love to the medical staff）活动的全过程。
注意：词数不少于60.
提示词：新冠肺炎 COVID-19
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Last week, I received a WeChat message from our school, calling on all the senior students to show our gratitude and love to the medical staff who were fighting against COVID-19 in the front line.
Inspired by this idea, my classmates and I decided to make an MV for the doctors and nurses. Due to the epidemic situation, we discussed about the details on WeChat: some of us performed the song, some edited the video and others posted the MV online or on Microblog. To pay our tribute, we named it “Grateful heart”.
To our great surprise, our MV aroused wide attention on Microblog. We received tons of likes, meanwhile, the mv was shared over ten thousand times! Beyond our expectations, we even received messages from front-line medical staff. Doctor Zhang and nurse Zhao saw our video and thanked us for our support. As students, though our contribution is limited in the fight against the virus, we felt extremely proud that our small act could send warm to the staff.
【解析】
【分析】
这篇书面表达是一篇看图作文。假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，用英文写一篇短文，向“英语园地”投稿。
【详解】假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，用英文写一篇短文，向“英语园地”投稿。记述你和同学们在新冠肺炎疫情期间，参加学校组织的“向奋战在战‘疫’一线的医护人员献爱心”（Show our gratitude and love to the medical staff）活动的全过程。分析可知，应该以第一人称为主，一般过去时进行写作。一定要看懂图片内容，准确表述图片描述的内容，考生要先想好写哪几点，运用合适的语法规则和词汇把各要点都准确表述出。描述要尽量选择简洁的语言，难点在于选择词汇和句型，可以灵活运用高级词汇和固定短语准确表述。还要用适当的连接词把句子连接起来，这样文章显得更连贯。
【点睛】这篇书面表达的关键在于对图片内容的准确表述，同时注意谋篇布局的顺序，运用合适的连接词连接全文，同时选择高级的词汇和语法项目让文章更有文采。Last week, I received a WeChat message from our school, calling on all the senior students to show our gratitude and love to the medical staff who were fighting against COVID-19 in the front line.定语从句的运用。As students, though our contribution is limited in the fight against the virus, we felt extremely proud that our small act could send warm to the staff. 宾语从句的运用。
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