河南省2020届高三入学摸底考试英语试题


河南省2020届高三上学期入学摸底考试
英语试题
考生注意：
1. 本试卷共150分，考试时间120分钟。
2. 请将各题答案填写在答题卡上。
第一部分听力（共两节 满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A.￡19.15. B. ￡9.18. C.￡9.15
答案是C。
1. How long has the man been waiting?
A. For half an hour. B. For ten minutes. C. For forty minutes.
2. Why does the woman refuse to eat any more food?
A. She is losing weight. B. She isn’t feeling well. C. She has had enough.
3. What is the woman going to do next?
A. Do some typing. B. Write her paper. C. Have lunch.
4. What will the man probably do?
A. Help the woman paint her car. B. Buy the woman’s car. C. Get a new car.
5. What does the woman mean?
A. It’s cold in the lecture hall. B. The sweater looks terrible. C. The air is heavily polluted today.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题
6. Why is the plane delayed?
A. Because of the building. B. Because of the flight itself. C. Because of the weather.
7. What’s the woman’s suggestion?
A. Attending a birthday party.
B. Getting something to eat.
C. Choosing a gift.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What is the season of the man’s destination now?
A. Winter B. Fall. C. Summer.
9. What will the man probably buy after he gets to his destination?
A. Shorts and T-shirts. B. Sweaters and shoes. C. A coat and a raincoat.
10. What is the weather of the man’s destination like in spring?
A. It’s rainy. B. It’s windy. C. It’s snowy.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What would the man probably do during the Thanksgiving holiday?
A. Go to a play. B. See a car show. C. Visit Kingston.
12. What is the woman going to do in Toronto?
A. Attend a party. B. Meet her aunt. C. Stay at home.
13. Why is the woman in a hurry to leave?
A. To call up Betty. B. To pick up Daniel. C. To buy some DVDs.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14. Where do the man’s family usually stay during their vacation?
A. At a hotel. B. At their beach house. C. At his uncle’s house.
15. How many people are there in the man’s family?
A. Three. B. Four. C. Five.
16. What is one of the man’s favorite parts of the beach trip?
A. Lying on the beach.
B. Cooking together at home.
C. Playing football on the beach.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Where does the speech take place?
A. In England. B. In Australia. C. In the United States.
18. When was The Unlikely Pilgrimage of Harold Fry published?
A. In 2014. B. In 2012. C. In 2007.
19 What award has the speaker won?
A. The Commonwealth Book Prize.
B. The Man Booker Prize.
C. The Tinniswood Award.
20. What did the speaker use to work as?
A. An actress. B. A TV host. C. A writer.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Here are the most popular Toronto activities.
Niagara Falls Full Day Tour
On this attractive tour, you will step aboard a luxury bus and head to famed Niagara Falls. On your arrival, you’ll take a voyage on the Maid of the Mist or Journey Behind the Falls (depends on weather conditions) to get as close to this natural wonder as possible. Then feast on an appetizing buffet lunch while enjoying the breathtaking sights of Niagara Fall. Afterwards, spend time exploring the shops and attractions of the charming, scenic town Niagara-on-the-Lake. It’s sure to be a day filled with beauty and wonder. The tour lasts approximately 8 hours.
Hop On/Hop Off City Tour Toronto
This 2.5-hour tour starts from either Nicholby’s Souvenir Shop located at 123 Front Street West, or Yonge/ Dundas Square located at the corner of Yonge and Dundas Streets. You may also join the tour at any of the points along the route.
Toronto Daily Combination Tours
This tour combines both land and water views of beautiful Toronto. You’ll start the tour taking a two-hour bus tour through this multi-cultural city. You’ll see sights like CN Tower, Chinatown, and more, before heading over to Queen’s Quay for a one-hour Harbor Cruise.
Downtown Toronto Bike Tour
Hop on a bike and follow your local guide through downtown Toronto! Discover popular attractions such as Chinatown, Kensington Market, the Hockey Hall of Fame and City Hall, as well as scenic out-of-the-way spots. Hear stories about Toronto’s culture and history and sample some food at markets along the way. This easy, fun 4-hour ride is suitable for all riders, so you can bring the whole family along. This small-group tour is limited to 12 people, ensuring a more personalized experience. Meet your guide at the Village by the Grange in the morning for a brief training.
1. What will tourists do after lunch on the Niagara Falls Full Day Tour?
A. Enjoy some thrilling rides.
B. Go on a voyage on the Falls.
C. Go shopping in the town Niagara
D. Appreciate the sights of Niagara Falls.
2. Which of the following tours lasts the least time?
A. Hop On/ Hop Off City Tour Toronto.
B. Toronto Daily Combination Tours.
C. Downtown Toronto Bike Tour.
D. Niagara Falls Full Day Tour.
3. Where will the riders be trained for the Downtown Toronto Bike Tour?
A. In Chinatown.
B. At Kensington Market.
C. In the Hockey Hall of Fame.
D. At the Village by the Grange.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。短文主要介绍加拿大多伦多的几种旅游活动。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。由Niagara Falls Full Day Tour中的 “Afterwards, spend time exploring the shops and attractions of the charming, scenic town Niagara-on-the-Lake”可知，午饭后可以去风光旖旎的尼亚加拉小镇上逛逛商店和寻找好玩的地方。所以参加尼亚加拉瀑布全天游的游客午餐后会可以去尼亚加拉小镇购物。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。由Hop On/Hop Off City Tour Toronto中的“This 2.5-hour tour”可知，第二个活动历时两个半小时，是这几个旅游活动中时间最短的。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。由Downtown Toronto Bike Tour中的“Meet your guide at the Village by the Grange in the morning for a brief training.”可知，游客早上要在 the Village by the Grange与导游汇合并接受基本的训练。故选D项。

B
There is now a museum for pizza lovers in America’s pizza capital, New York City. The Museum of Pizza is devoted to pizza, cheese and sauce, but there’s more to it than meets the tougue.
“It’s often that the simplest ideas are the best. And we wanted to use pizza’s appeal to get people through the door and to look at art and hear about history in a different forms,” said Alexandra Serio, Chief Content Officer at Nameless Network, the group that baked the Museum of Pizza idea. Another instantly recognizable characteristic of the space is the bright colors that are weaved (穿行) throughout the exhibits—perfect for taking social media-ready pictures.
Located on the street level of Brooklyn’s William Vale hotel, the museum is a large, one-floor space that houses a wide variety of art, from giant photographs to sculptures that surround visitors.
Serio said exhibits of this kind are becoming an advantage for museums as they try to get younger legs to walk through their doors. “It’s a kind of change,” she said. “You’ll see it in the next few years because of museums like the Museum of Ice Cream, and multiple pop-ups (出现) of this kind of museums suiting a younger audience and seeing how they can make their exhibitions more attractive, touch and photography friendly.”
“Honestly, I thought it would be like more of a museum in the beginning, with the pizza boxes and it tells you when it was developed and things like that,” said Nene Raye, visitor from New Jersey.
Lydia Melendez, a self-described “pizza fan”, bought her tickets in April and for her, this experience was worth the wait. “I thought it was going to be kind of boring, like I’m going to walk in and there’s just going to be a book about pizza and how to make it, but this is definitely one for the books.” she said.
4. What’s a noticeable attraction of the pizza-themed museum according to Serio?
A. It covers a large area.
B. Visitors can bake pizza in it.
C. It’s perfect for taking amazing pictures.
D. Its exhibits are arranged in the simplest way.
5. Who is the museum targeted at?
A. Younger audience. B. Ice cream lovers.
C. Artists and sculpturers. D. Professional photographers.
6. What does Lydia Melendez think of the museum?
A. It is kind of disappointing. B. It is surprisingly wonderful.
C. It is definitely a dull museum. D. It looks like a traditional museum.
7. Which can be the best title for the text?
A. Small Pizza, Huge Influence
B. New York City, Pizza Capital
C. Fashionable Museums Appear in America
D. Pizza Museum Meets More Than the Tongue
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道类记叙文。短文介绍了美国纽约的快闪披萨博物馆及游客对它的评价。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段“Another instantly recognizable characteristic of the space is the bright colors that are weaved (穿行) throughout the exhibits—perfect for taking social media-ready pictures.”可知，展品间明亮的光照非常适合拍摄社交媒体上的照片。所以根据 Serio所说这家披萨主题博物馆最引人注目的地方是灯光布置能拍出令人惊喜的照片。故选C项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段“ It’s a kind of change,” she said. “You’ll see it in the next few years because of museums like the Museum of Ice Cream, and multiple pop-ups (出现) of this kind of museums suiting a younger audience”可知，此披萨博物馆是一种改变，和冰激凌博物馆及其他很多这样博物馆一样，更适合年轻人的需求。所以博物馆针对的对象是年轻的观众。故选A项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段“I thought it was going to be kind of boring, like I’m going to walk in and there’s just going to be a book about pizza and how to make it, but this is definitely one for the books.” she said”可知，我以为这种博物馆很无趣。她觉得，这里不过是寻找披萨食谱的地方。但她很开心，因为实际经历与她的凭空想象大相径庭。所以根据Lydia Melendez所说的话的内容可以判断出，Lydia Melendez原以为这个披萨博物馆会比较枯燥乏味，但是走进去却发现这个博物馆并不枯燥而是太棒了，太奇妙了，她对此感到非常吃惊。故选B项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。由第一段“The Museum of Pizza is devoted to pizza, cheese and sauce, but there’s more to it than meets the tougue.”可知，披萨博物馆专门展出披萨、奶酪和酱料，但它满足的不仅仅是你的味觉。以及下文对快闪披萨博物馆的具体介绍。以及游客对于它的积极的评价可知，短文主要介绍新型博物馆——披萨博物馆满足的不仅仅是你的味觉。故短文的最佳标题为“披萨博物馆满足的不仅仅是你的味觉”。故选D项。

C
If we want a fair shot at transitioning to renewable energy, we’ll need one critical thing: technologies that can change electricity from wind and sun into a chemical fuel for storage and vice versa (反之亦然). Commercial devices that do this exist, but most are costly and perform only half of the expectation. Now, researchers have created small lab-scale devices that do both jobs. If larger versions work as well, they would help make it possible—or at least more affordable—to run the world on renewables.
The market for such technologies has grown along with renewables: In 2007, solar and wind provided just 0.8% of all power in the United States: in 2017, that number was 8%, according to the U. S. Energy Information Administration. But the demand for electricity often doesn’t match the supply from solar and wind. In sunny California, for example, solar panels regularly produce more power than needed in the middle of the day, but none at night, after most workers and students return home.
Some companies are beginning to install massive rows of batteries in hopes of storing extra energy and balancing the financial sheet. But batteries are costly and store only enough energy to back up the power system for a few hours at most. Another option is to store the energy by transforming it into hydrogen fuel. Devices called electrolyzers (电解器) do this by using electricity—ideally from solar and wind power—to break down water into oxygen and hydrogen gas, a carbon-free fuel. A second set of devices called fuel cells can then transform that hydrogen back to electricity to power cars, trucks, and buses, or to feed it to the power system. But commercial electrolyzers and fuel cells use different catalysts (催化剂) to speed up the two reactions, meaning a single device can t do both jobs. The researchers must conquer this.
“They did a really good job with that.” says Sossina Haile, a chemist at Northwestern University in Evanston. Still, she holds a cautious view that both her new device and the one from the O’Hayre lab are small laboratory demonstrations. For the technology to have a societal impact, researchers will need to scale up the button-size devices, a process that typically reduces performance.
8. What can we learn about the new device from the first paragraph?
A. Its universal use remains to be seen.
B. It is more expensive but more practical.
C. It can transform more renewable energy.
D. It is the most advanced around the world.
9. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A. The rapid development of American technologies.
B. The potential market for energy transformation technologies.
C. The history of energy transformation technologies.
D. The lack of power in California.
10. What may the researchers focus on next?
A. Lessening costly batteries.
B. Increasing the efficiency of the two reactions.
C. Looking for one shared catalysts for the two reactions.
D. Breaking down water into a carbon-free fuel without using electricity.
11. What is Haile’s attitude to the future of the new device?
A. Positive. B. Negative.
C. Critical. D. Cautious.
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇科普说明文。文章主要介绍一种能够转化可再生能源的新装置。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Now, researchers have created small lab-scale devices that do both jobs. If larger versions work as well, they would help make it possible—or at least more affordable—to run the world on renewables.”可知，现在，研究人员已经创造出了同时具备这两种功能的实验室规模的设备。如果更大的版本也能发挥作用，它们将有助于使世界上使用可再生能源成为可能——或者至少更经济实惠。所以通过关键词“ small lab-scale devices ，if引导的条件状语从从句”可以推断出，这种新装置大规模地投入使用还需拭目以待。故选A项。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。由第二段“The market for such technologies has grown along with renewables”可知，这类技术的市场随着可再生能源的发展而增长以及对市场增长的具体介绍可知，第二段主要说明这个新装置潜在的市场很大。故选B项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。由第三段“But commercial electrolyzers and fuel cells use different catalysts (催化剂) to speed up the two reactions, meaning a single device can t do both jobs. The researchers must conquer this.”可知，但是商业电解器和燃料电池用不同的催化剂加速这两种反应，这意味着一个设备不能同时做这两件事。研究人员必须攻克这个难题。这个难题是必须攻克的，也是研究人员下一步要集中解决的问题。所以推断出，接下来研究人员会主攻这两种反应能够共用的催化剂。故选C项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Still, she holds a cautious view that both her new device and the one from the O’Hayre lab are small laboratory demonstrations. For the technology to have a societal impact, researchers will need to scale up the button-size devices, a process that typically reduces performance.”可知，不过，她提醒说，她的新设备和来自奥海雷实验室小型的实验室演示。为了让这项技术产生社会影响，研究人员需要增加这种纽扣大小设备的产量，但是这一过程通常会降低其性能。所以通过Haile的观点可以推断出，她对这个新装置的未来持谨慎的态度，虽然实验室成功了，但并不代表量产就没有问题。没有盲目自信也没有消极放弃。故选D项。
【点睛】根据文章中人物所说的话的内容是解决推理判断题的重要方法，因为通过所说的内容，我们可以判断出，作者所要想表达的观点是积极的还是消极的，是中立的还是支持或者否定某一方，对事情是关心的还是冷漠的。是在提出建议还是在提出具体的解决措施。
根据最后一段“Still, she holds a cautious view that both her new device and the one from the O’Hayre lab are small laboratory demonstrations. For the technology to have a societal impact, researchers will need to scale up the button-size devices, a process that typically reduces performance.”可知，不过，她提醒说，她的新设备和来自奥海雷实验室小型的实验室演示。为了让这项技术产生社会影响，研究人员需要增加这种纽扣大小设备的产量，但是这一过程通常会降低其性能。所以通过Haile的观点可以推断出，她对这个新装置的未来持谨慎的态度，虽然实验室成功了，但并不代表量产就有没问题。没有盲目自信也没有消极放弃。故小题4选D项。

D
It is a question that has long puzzled scientists—exactly why are tigers orange? One might think it makes them more obvious-particularly against a leafy green forest background. William Blake summed it up in his famous poem known by generations of schoolchildren: “Tyger, tyger, burning bright / In the forest of the night.” But now the answer is at hand.
While obvious to us, computer simulations (模拟) of what the big cats look to the main animals they hunt for, deer, show a different picture. Humans with normal colour vision, can see red, blue and green colours. But deer can only pick up blue and green light, they are effectively colourblind to the colour red, like some humans. It means the tigers’ orange colouration looks green to them, allowing them to mix perfectly into the background, new research claims.
Dr John Fennell at the University of Bristol and colleagues said that they used computers to estimate how noticeable a given animal was. They did this by using images of the environment in which the animal lives, and then creating images to see whether the camouflage helps the animal to mix in.
Dr Fennell writes that by simulating what the world looks like to animals who are “two-colour vision”—someone who cannot discover the difference between red and green—“we also identify the most suitable colours for hiding and visibility”.
Dr Fennell writes in the Royal Society Journal Inter face: “Considering the coat of a tiger, it has fur that appears orange to a three-colour vision observer rather than some shade of green, though the latter should be more appropriate color for an attack hunter in forests. However, when viewed as a two-colour vision observer, the tiger’s colour is very effective.”
The question then arises as to why tigers don’t grow green coats. Dr Fennell and colleagues write that mammals (哺乳动物) are not able to produce green fur. To do so would “require a significant change to mammalian biochemistry”. There is only one mammal known to have green fur but this is achieved through what might be considered as, well, cheating, not exactly real.
12. Why does the author mention the poem in paragraph 1?
A. To arouse reader s interest in poems.
B. To show the authors respect to the poet.
C. To answer the question of the color of the tiger
D. To stress the noticeable color of the tiger to us.
13. What color is inexistent in the eyes of deer?
A. Black. B. Red.
C. Blue. D. Green.
14. What does the underlined word “camouflage” mean in paragraph 3?
A. The cover of something.
B. The images of something.
C. The way of hiding something.
D. The way of hunting for something
15. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. The colour of tigers sometimes cheats people.
B. Getting green may prevent tigers from being extinct.
C. There are no mammals with real green fur in the world.
D. The tigers’ fur will probably evolve into green in the future.
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。为什么老虎是橙色的？这个长期困扰科学家的问题终于被科学家们破解了。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。由“It is a question that has long puzzled scientists—exactly why are tigers orange? One might think it makes them more obvious-particularly against a leafy green forest background”可知，这是一个长期困扰科学家的问题——为什么老虎是橙色的?有人可能会认为这让它们变得更加显眼——尤其是在茂密的绿色森林背景下。所以通过提到英国诗人和画家威廉·布雷克的一首诗的内容可以判断出，所提及的诗是为了例证文章开头的陈述---对于我们人类来说，老虎的颜色太显眼了。故选D项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段“It means the tigers’ orange colouration looks green to them, allowing them to mix perfectly into the background, new research claims.””以及第四段 “animals who are “two-colour vision”—someone who cannot discover the difference between red and green”可知，这意味着老虎的橙色在它们看来是绿色的，这使得老虎可以完美地融入周围的背景双基色的动物无法分辨红色和绿色，也就是说，在鹿的眼中是没有红色系的，而橙色属于红色系。故选B项。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。由第三段“They did this by using images of the environment in which the animal lives, and then creating images to see whether the camouflage helps the animal to mix in.”可知，他们通过使用动物所处环境的图像来做到这一点，然后创建图像来观察伪装方式是否有助于动物分不清它们。所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出，第3段下划线的"camouflage"一词是指隐藏的方式。故选C项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段“ mammals (哺乳动物) are not able to produce green fur. There is only one mammal known to have green fur but this is achieved through what might be considered as, well, cheating, not exactly real.”可知，哺乳动物无法长出绿色皮毛。世上已知的哺乳动物中只有一种有绿色皮毛但却是通过被认为可能是欺诈的手段才实现的，不是真正的绿色。所以通过关键词“are not able to produce green fur， cheating, not exactly real”可推断出，世界上没有绿色皮毛的哺乳动物。故选C项。
【点睛】抓住特定信息进行逆向或者正向推理。做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
根据最后一段“ mammals (哺乳动物) are not able to produce green fur. There is only one mammal known to have green fur but this is achieved through what might be considered as, well, cheating, not exactly real.”可知，哺乳动物无法长出绿色皮毛。世上已知的哺乳动物中只有一种有绿色皮毛但却是通过被认为可能是欺诈的手段才实现的，不是真正的绿色。所以通过关键词“are not able to produce green fur， cheating, not exactly real”可推断出，世界上没有绿色皮毛的哺乳动物。故小题4选C项。

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Food will become healthier and the food choices will become smarter and promote healthy eating once your kitchen is well organized. ___16___. They also give you a head start to start establishing a kitchen that encourages you to eat quality food.
Keep fresh spices and herbs within reachable distance. When you add fresh herbs to your food, you can make it not only healthy but also delicious, which will help you in actively avoiding unhealthy foods like salt, butter, etc. These foods are known to raise the deliciousness. This is why it is hard for us to let it go initially. ___17___, it becomes much easier to form good eating habits.
Keep all your healthy items close at hand. Place all the low-calorie snacks easy to reach so that your first response is to grab something healthy when you have a hunger pang. ___18___. They can be accessed only when you are facing extreme desire. This way, you can avoid the evil thought of grabbing one every time you enter the storeroom.
Keep all your small appliances (电器) handy. ___19___, chances are that they will end up at the back of the cabinet, never to be used again. Bring out all your small appliances like a juicer that has been eating dirt in your storage cupboards.
___20___. Remove all the items from the fridge and clean it properly. You can also organize it in such a way that all your healthy food and produce are in the front and the other items are at the back.
A. Keep your fridge organized
B Make your fridge easy to clean
C. You can also add an iPad station in the kitchen
D. These ideas will be helpful in better organizing your kitchen
E. But once there are tastier and healthier alternatives within reach
F. When you have to put in far too much effort to locate the small items
G. You can also hide all your chocolates in a place where they are not visible to you
【答案】16. D 17. E
18. G 19. F
20. A
【解析】
这是一篇说眀文。短文就如何合理规划厨房，可以让我们吃得更健康提出了几点建议。
【16题详解】
由“They also give you a head start to start establishing a kitchen that encourages you to eat quality food.”可知，他们也给你一个良好的开始去建立一个厨房，鼓励你吃高质量的食物。所以小题1要与后一句为并列关系，来说明几种建议的益处同时引出下文中的几点建议。故D选项“这些想法将有助于更好地组织你的厨房”切题。故选D项。
【17题详解】
由“it becomes much easier to form good eating habits.”可知，养成良好的饮食习惯将变得更简单。所以小题2要补充完整这个状语从句，且表示条件。故E选项“但是如果有更美味更健康的选择”切题。故选E项。
【18题详解】
由“ They can be accessed only when you are facing extreme desire”可知，只有当你实在抵制不了那种欲望的时候才能拿出来吃。所以小题3要与下一句为承接关系。故E选项“你也可以把你所有的巧克力都藏在你看不见的地方”切题。故选G项。
【19题详解】
由“chances are that they will end up at the back of the cabinet, never to be used again”可知，很有可能这些电器最后的结局就是在橱柜后面积满灰尘，永不再用。所以小题4要补充完这个从句，且表示时间，意在说明本段的主题“把你所有的小电器放在手边”。故F选项“当你不得不花太多的精力去寻找这些小东西时”切题。故选F项。
【20题详解】
由“Remove all the items from the fridge and clean it properly. You can also organize it in such a way that all your healthy food and produce are in the front and the other items are at the back.”可知，把冰箱里所有的东西都拿出来，好好清洁一下。你也可以把所有的健康食品和农产品放在前面，其它的放在后面。所以本段在说明保持你的冰箱井然有序也就是是小题5本段的小标题所要说明的内容。故A选项“保持你的冰箱井然有序”切题。故选A项。

第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Last year, I went through every high school senior’s nightmare: I was ____21____ by all the colleges I applied to. It’s not that I was a bad ____22____. So when I got turned down, I got into a ____23____. I thought there was only one path to ____24____, and I wasn’t on it. While all my friends had many choices, I was left ____25____ what future I could have.
When my panic ____26____, I signed in a community college. I wasn’t ____27____. I thought the incompetent teachers ____28____ their students’ sleep in class. I was so wrong. The ____29____ of my professors were so poetic, and my classmates were ____30____—they could figure out kinds of difficult things.
I decided to give myself a year of ____31____. Aside from required courses, I ____32____ a range of classes. I know it seems like some ____33____ classes, but it allowed me to ____34____ what I want. I used to have this idea that I had to rush to ____35____ a certain level of success by a certain age. But a year of community college has taught me to ____36____, and to recognize that things take time to ____37____. I still hope to transfer to a four-year ____38____ next year, but now I am a more mature person.
Being around the ____39____ has made me realize that I’m not late ____40____. There’s more than one way to get to where you want to go.
21. A. accused B. praised C. accepted D. refused
22. A. student B. teacher C. headmaster D. colleague
23. A. mess B. panic C. trouble D. dilemma
24. A. aspiration B. progress C. success D. destruction
25. A. facing B. predicting C. doubting D. wondering
26. A. faded B. burdened C. balanced D. transferred
27. A. excited B. tired C. worried D. shocked
28. A. offered B. guide C. ignored D. led
29. A. notes B. methods C. behaviors D. lectures
30. A. friendly B. intelligent C. ambitious D. polite
31. A. experiment B. expectation C. effort D. exploration
32. A. bought B. took C. studied D. occupied
33. A. random B. suitable C. comprehensive D. wonderful
34. A. care for B. choose from C. know about D. put on
35. A. avoid B. enjoy C. achieve D. finish
36. A. look for B. give up C. turn on D. slow down
37. A. concern B. provide C. satisfy D. adjust
38. A. club B. university C. company D. organization
39. A. children B. workmates C. classmates D. friends
40. A. hardly B. entirely C. generally D. rarely
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. C 36. D 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. B
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。在被所有申请的大学拒绝后，作者选择就读社区大学。在那儿接触到同学和老师后，作者改变了之前所有的想法，由此作者深刻地体会到，一个人若想到达想去的地方，不止有一种方法。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我申请的所有大学都拒绝了我。A. accused控诉；B. praised赞扬；C. accepted接受；D. refused拒绝。由本段第一句及后文“ So when I got turned down”可知，此处为作者被申请的所有大学拒绝了。故选D项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不是因为我是个坏学生。A. student学生；B. teacher老师；C. headmaster校长；D. colleague同事。由前文“ high school senior”可知，作者是一名高中学生。故选A项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以当我被拒绝的时候，我陷入了恐慌。A. mess混乱；B. panic恐慌；C. trouble麻烦；D. dilemma进退两难。由下文“When my panic”可知，作者被拒绝的时候，陷入了恐慌。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我以为成功只有一条路，我却没有在这条路上。A. aspiration渴望；B. progress进步；C. success成功；D. destruction毁灭。由第三段中“I used to have this idea that i had to rush to 55 a certain level of success by a certain age”的提示可知，此处为原词复现，即他原以为成功只有一条路可走。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我所有的朋友都有很多选择的时候，我却想知道我的未来会怎样。A. facing面对；B. predicting预测；C. doubting怀疑；D. wondering想知道。由前文“While all my friends had many choices”可知，前后形成转折，所以此处为作者想知道自己能有什么样的未来。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我的恐慌消退时，我报名进入了一所社区大学。A. faded褪色；B. burdened使负重；C. balanced使平衡；D. transferred使转移。根据后文“I signed in a community college”可知，作者报名进入了社区大学。这说明作者已经从原先的恐慌中恢复过来，即他的恐慌逐渐消失了。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我并不高兴。A. excited兴奋的；B. tired疲惫的；C. worried担忧的；D. shocked震惊的。根据后文“I thought the incompetent teachers 48 their students’ sleep in class”可知，作者原以为社区大学的教室里那些不称职的老师无视他们的学生睡觉，所以他没有感到高兴。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我以为社区大学的教室里那些不称职的老师无视他们的学生睡觉。A. offered提供；B. guide指导；C. ignored忽略；D. led引导。在作者的心里，作者认为社区大学不是正规的大学，不称职的老师无视他们的学生睡觉。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：教授们的课很有诗意，学生们也很聪明，能解答很有难度的问题。A. notes笔记；B. methods方法；C. behaviors行为；D. lectures讲课。由前后文提示可知，作者完全错了，教授们的课很有诗意，学生们也很聪明，能解答很有难度的问题。此处是指教授们的课。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：教授们的课很有诗意，学生们也很聪明，能解答很有难度的问题。A. friendly友好的；B. intelligent聪明的；C. ambitious有野心的；D. polite礼貌的。由“poetic，figure out kinds of difficult things.”可知，作者在社区大学看到的是有诗意的课，能解答很有难度的问题，学生也很聪明。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我决定给自己一年的实验期。A. experiment实验；B. expectation期望；C. effort努力；D. exploration探索。由后文“I still hope to transfer to a four-year 58 next year”可知，虽然作者依然希望明年能转到一所四年制大学学习，但他还是决定在这里给自己一年的实验期。故选A项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了一些必修课程之外，作者还选择了一系列的课程。A. bought买；B. took选修（某一课程）；C. studied学习；D. occupied占领。take class意为“上课”，为固定搭配。在大学肯定要上课。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我知道这看上去似乎是某些随机的课程，但它让我知道我想要什么。A. random随意的；B. suitable适合的；C. comprehensive广泛的；D. wonderful精彩的。作者刚上大学，选择了一系列的课程，具有无目的性。所以选择选修课程应该是随机的。故选A项。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我知道这看上去似乎是某些随机课程，但它让我知道我想要什么。A. care for关心；B. choose from从中选；C. know about知道；D. put on穿上。虽然作者所选的一些随机的课程，但是作者从中知道了自己想要什么。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我曾经有过这样的想法，我必须赶在一定的年龄之前达到一定程度的成功。A. avoid避免；B. enjoy享受；C. achieve实现；D. finish完成。achieve success意为“达到……成功”，为固定搭配，符合语境。故选C项。
【36题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：但一年的社区大学教育让我放慢脚步，认识到事情需要时间来调整。A. look for寻找；B. give up放弃；C. turn on打开；D. slow down放慢。由前文“that I had to rush to 55 a certain level of success by a certain age”中的“rush”与此处转折对应，所以此处为慢下来。故选D项。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但一年的社区大学教育让我放慢脚步，认识到事情需要时间来调整。A. concern使担忧；B. provide提供；C. satisfy使满意；D. adjust调整。一年的社区大学教育让作者慢下来，要认识到很多事情需要时间来调整。故选D项。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我仍然希望明年转到一所四年制的综合大学。 A. club俱乐部；B. university大学；C. company公司；D. organization组织。由前文“was 41 by all the colleges I applied to”可知，此处为作者仍然希望明年转到一所四年制的综合大学。故选B项。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：和现在的同学们在一起让他意识到，（和原来的高中同学相比）他并没有完全落后。A. children孩子；B. workmates工友；C. classmates同学；D. friends朋友。由前文可知，作者所在的大学并不差，所以和现在的同学们在一起让他意识到，（和原来的高中同学相比）他并没有完全落后。故选C项。
【40题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：和现在的同学们在一起让他意识到，（和原来的高中同学相比）他并没有完全落后。A. hardly几乎不；B. entirely完全地；C. generally一般地；D. rarely稀少地。entirely“完全地”表示程度和强调。说明作者并没有完全落后，也可作者可以和别人一样优秀。故选B项。

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tied to skis (滑雪板) and pulled around a ____41____ (freeze) lake by a thoroughbred racehorse—skijö ring is a sport like no other. The hardy skiers travel at frightening speeds, using just their voice and a set of rules to guide the horses around the icy track. The ____42____ (usual) sport is considered the showpiece event of the White Turf races—a wintery festival held at the upmarket ski resort of St. Moritz.
The sport requires the ability to mix skiing talent ____43____ a high-level of horsemanship. “During the race you need a really strong voice,” two-time race winner Valeria Holinger told CNN Sport. “Only by shouting can you make the horse go ____44____ (fast) than others”.
Competitors must wait until they’re 18 before ____45____ (allow) to participate in the event. Even then, driver—as they’re known—must pass fitness tests ____46____ hard theory exams—for good reason, too. Not only ____47____ (be) they traveling at incredible speeds, there is also the added danger of ____48____ (full) grown racehorses trampling (踩) on the skis. In addition, the speeding hooves (马蹄) kick up huge amounts of snow and ice ____49____ crash into the legs of the skiers behind.
Such unique threats call for unique ____50____ (protect). Drivers are required to use face masks to keep the snow out of their eyes and wear body armor under their ski suits.
【答案】41. frozen
42. unusual
43. with 44. faster
45. being allowed/ allowed
46. and 47. are
48. fully 49. which/that
50. protection
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了马拉滑雪板——一项将滑雪天赋与高水平的马术相结合的运动。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。frozen“冰冻的”为形容词修饰名词 lake。frozen lake意为“冰封的湖面”。故填frozen。
【42题详解】
考查形容词。由前文“skijö ring is a sport like no other”（马拉雪橇是一种与众不同的运动）可知，此处应用unusual（不寻常的）修饰名词sport。故填unusual。
【43题详解】
考查介词。mixwith意为“把……与……结合”为固定短语。故填with 。
【44题详解】
考查副词比较级。由“than”可知，应填副词比较级。故填faster。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词/省略句。before既可作介词，也可作连词。before为介词时，allow与主语为动宾关系，故使用其动名词被动形式；before作连词时，此处可看作before they are allowed省略了they are的情况。故填being allowed/ allowed。
【46题详解】
考查连词。分析句子可知，fitness tests和 hard theory exams为并列结构作动词pass的宾语，故用and连接。故填and。
【47题详解】
考查主谓一致。not only置于句首，后面的句子为半倒装句，谓语动词与主语they保持一致。故填are 。
【48题详解】
考查副词。fully为副词形容词grown。故填 fully。
【49题详解】
考查关系代词。分析句子可知，snow and ice为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作主语。所以关系代词为which/that。故填which/that。
【50题详解】
考查名词。unique为形容词修饰名词protection。故填protection。

第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Our School Environment Club organized an activity naming Green Hometown on March 12. On that special day, our teachers as well as students gathered on the wasteland of the schoolyard when we would plant trees. We planted trees joyfully together, digging holes with tool. With the warmer weather there, everyone enjoyed the happiness of labor and sow seeds of expectations for the future. This tree planting activity provided with a good platform for the communication between teachers and us students. They enabled us to contribute to build a beautiful and green hometown together. At same time, we felt the new concept of contemporary China personal.
【答案】
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了3月12日，作者学校环境俱乐部组织了一次名为“绿色家园”的具体活动内容以及这次活动的意义。
【详解】第一处：考查过去分词。分析句子可知，name与activity在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故将naming改成named。
第二处：考查关系副词。分析句子可知，schoolyard 为先行词，在后面定语从句中作地点状语，所以关系副词为where。故将when改成where。
第三处：考查名词单复数。此处tool是可数名词，而且不止一个，应用复数形式。故将tool改成tools。
第四处：考查形容词。分析句子可知，伴随着温暖的天气，每个人都享受着劳动的快乐，播下了对未来的期望的种子。所以本句并没有比较的意思。故将warmer改成warm。
第五处：考查一般过去时/动名词。此处sow与前面的enjoyed可以是并列谓语，要保持时态一致。另外，也可用它的动名词形式充当enjoyed的宾语。故将sow改成sowed/sowing。
第六处：考查动词。分析句子可知，provide sth for sb为固定短语，所以with多余了。故去掉with。
第七处：考查代词。此处主语是指platform，故用表单数的it来指代。故将They改成It。
第八处：考查动名词。contribute to 为固定短语。to是介词后接动名词building作宾语。故将build改成building。
第九处：考查冠词。at same time为固定短语。故At后加the。
第十处：考查副词。此处应用副词personally修饰动词feel。故将personal改成personally。
【点睛】定语从句中关系词的选择可考虑以下三点：
(1) 一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等。
(2) 二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when, where, why。
(3) 三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。
分析第二处的句子可知，schoolyard 为先行词，在后面定语从句中作地点状语，所以关系副词为where。故将when改成where。

第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
52.假定你是李华，你的新西兰笔友Lessie即将来中国做交换生，来信请你给他推荐几个中文名字。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 表示欢迎并乐于推荐；
2. 介绍中文名字的特点；
3. 告知他查看邮箱附件中所建议的名字。
注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
邮箱附件E-mail attachment
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Lessie,
Hearing that you will come to China as an exchange student, I want to express a warm welcome to you. I’m very glad that you wish to have a Chinese name. There is no doubt that it will help you better fit in with the Chinese culture.
A Chinese name usually consists of two or three characters, which often contain some special meanings, expectations or blessings. However, unlike an English name, the family name of Chinese is usually put first and then a given name follows. In addition, I have come up with several Chinese names, which are added to the E-mail attachment.
I hope you will like one of them and have a good time in China.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。要求写一封信。
【详解】第一步：审题。审题的目的是获取重要信息。通过审题我们可以确定几个方面的信息。第一，1. 表示欢迎并乐于推荐；2. 介绍中文名字的特点；3. 告知他查看邮箱附件中所建议的名字。第二，人称为第一人称和第三人称。第三，时态以一般现在时为主。
第二步：布局段落，确定主要段落，次要段落，段落数量。这篇写作段落数量为三段。第一段，表示欢迎并乐于推荐。第二段，介绍中文名字的特点；告知他查看邮箱附件中所建议的名字。第三段，表达希望。
第三步：确定关键词汇和短语: an exchange student，express a warm welcome to，fit in with ， Chinese culture，consist of，some special meanings, expectations or blessing，the family name， come up with，the E-mail attachment。
第四步：确定较为高级的句子:现在分词作状语和that 引导的宾语从句Hearing that you will come to China as an exchange student, I want to express a warm welcome to you. that引导的同位语从句There is no doubt that it will help you better fit in with the Chinese culture. which引导的非限制性定语从句A Chinese name usually consists of two or three characters, which often contain some special meanings, expectations or blessings。

第五步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连接词进行过渡衔接: However，In addition。

第六步：注意书写，保持卷面整洁，避免划线，乱擦。
【点睛】文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了较为高级的句式:现在分词作状语和that 引导的宾语从句Hearing that you will come to China as an exchange student, I want to express a warm welcome to you. that引导的同位语从句There is no doubt that it will help you better fit in with the Chinese culture. which引导的非限制性定语从句A Chinese name usually consists of two or three characters, which often contain some special meanings, expectations or blessings。
高级句式的应用提升了写作的档次，整个短文显示出了作者高水平的英语表达能力。