2019届上海市黄浦区高三二模英语试题（解析版）

黄浦区2019年高考模拟考
英语试卷
(完卷时间:120分钟 满分:140分)
第I卷(共100分)
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1.

A. By bike. B. By car. C. By bus. D. On foot.
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
M: Lucky for me, the shopping mall is within walking distance.
W: But I want to go nowhere without a car.
Q: How did the man plan to go to the shopping mall at first?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。

2.

A. The man’s violin. B. The man’s hobby.
C. The man’s interview. D. The man’s job.
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
W: David, you play the violin so well.
M: Thank you. In fact, I’m an ordinary amateur and I just play it for pleasure.
Q: What are they mainly talking about?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。

3.

A. Positive. B. Interesting. C. Successful. D. Boring.
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
W: I thought the newly-released movie which received many positive reviews must be interesting.
M: However, it turned out to be the opposite. Am I right?
Q: What does the man think of the movie?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。

4.

A. He can’t get a room at the hotel at this time.
B. He didn’t get the type of room he wanted.
C. He expected the room to be more expensive.
D. He thought he had already made a reservation.
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
W: Sir, I’m afraid this is the only room in the hotel available at the moment.
M: I see, I’ll take what I can get. Next time I’ll be sure to call in advance and make a reservation.
Q: What can be most probably inferred about the man?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。

5.

A. They should give Jessica some on-the-job training.
B. They should offer Jessica some train tickets.
C. They shouldn’t have taken Jessica into account.
D. They should ask Jessica to get more qualification.
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
M: You know Jessica wants to apply for the position, but I’m afraid she’s not really qualified.
W: What a pity! She seems so bright. Why not train her?
Q: What does the woman suggest?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。

6.

A. The weather forecast says it will be fine. B. The weather will not affect their plan.
C. They will not do as planned in case of rain. D. They will postpone their programme if it rains.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
W: What are we going to do if it rains tomorrow?
M: We’ll have to count on good weather. But if it does rain, the whole thing will have to be cancelled.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。

7.

A. She’s unable to finish her homework. B. She has to give up efforts.
C. She has to remove the virus. D. She’s infected with some disease.
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
M: How about your assignment?
W: My computer is infected with a virus and all my efforts are gone.
Q: What does the woman imply?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。

8.

A. He has to wait for someone else. B. He is concerned about the woman’s safety.
C. There is something wrong with the car. D. The woman must fasten the seat belt.
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
W: Come on, what are we waiting for?
M: Safety is the top concern madam. I can’t start the car until you put on your seat belt.
Q: What does the man probably mean?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。

9.

A. She has been promoted to be the sales manager.
B. She isn’t popular with the colleagues in the sales department.
C. She enjoyed working in the sales department.
D. She doesn’t like her new position very much.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
M: Ms. Green! Congratulations on your promotion to a higher position!
W: Thank you. But I hate having to leave the sales department.
Q: What can we learn from the conversation about the woman?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。

10.

A. Few students meet Professor Brown’s requirements.
B. Many students find Professor Brown’s lecture uninteresting.
C. Few students understand Professor Brown’s lecture.
D. Many students have dropped Professor Brown’s class.
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
W: You are taking a course with Professor Brown. What’s your impression so far?
M: To tell you the truth, many students could hardly stay awake in his class without first drinking a cup of coffee.
Q: What does the man imply?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。

Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear one short passage and two longer conversations. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passage and the conversations will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions are based on the following passage.

11.
A. Sending invitation cards to guests.
B. Reserving a table at least one day in advance.
C. Giving your order before you are seated.
D. Keeping calm and talking to your clients.
12. A. Some fruits. B. Cold dishes. C. A drink. D. A salad.
13.
A. Consult the waiter about the dish in detail.
B. Tell everyone that you have certain dietary restrictions.
C. Write beforehand to say that you don’t care for some dishes.
D. Keep quiet and pretend that you enjoy the food.
【答案】11. B 12. C 13. A
【解析】
American businessmen frequently use social situations to make business deals. One of the best examples of this practice is the business lunch. Therefore, knowing how to conduct yourself at a business lunch is often just as important as the business discussion. For formal business lunches, it is wise to phone at least 24 hours ahead to reserve a table at a restaurant. After you have been seated and given a menu, your waiter will come and ask if you would like to order anything to drink. Nowadays, it is quite acceptable to order mineral water, a soda, or fruit juice, apart from wine or a mixed drink.
After that, your waiter will leave you to make your food selection from the menu you have been given. It is the host’s responsibility to discover whether or not his guests have any special dietary restrictions. If, however, a host does not do that, a guest should not announce his dietary restrictions to everyone at the table. Instead, he should ask the waiter about the ingredients of any dish in question. He should also have in mind a second dish that he might order, just in case. Usually, the host will allow his guests to order first. Occasionally, a host may collect orders in advance in order to save time.
Which of the following is recommended for a formal business lunch according to the passage?
After being seated and given the menu, what are you supposed to order first?
What should you do if you’ve got any dietary restrictions?
【11题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【12题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【13题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。

Questions are based on the following passage.

14.
A. For a couple of weeks. B. For a whole month.
C. For an academic year. D. For as long as he needs it.
15.
A. The man is writing his graduation paper.
B. The man hasn’t signed up for extended borrowing duration.
C. The woman allows the man to keep the book.
D. One professor has recalled the book the man is keeping.
16.
A. Renew the book right now. B. Have part of the book photocopied.
C. Sign up for another borrowing duration. D. Buy a new copy at a campus bookstore.
【答案】14. C 15. D 16. B
【解析】
M: Excuse me, I received a letter that I should return the book I checked out back in September. It’s called Modern Social Problems. But I am writing my paper, so I thought I was allowed to keep the book for the whole academic year.
W: So you signed up for extended borrowing duration?
M: Yeah.
W: And we are still asking you to bring the book back?
M: Uh-huh. Do I really have to?
W: Well, let me check the computer. The title was …Modern Social Problems?
M: Yeah.
W: Eh…it’s been recalled. You can keep it all year round as long as no one else requests it, but someone else has, it looks like one of the professors in the sociology department. So you have to bring it back. You can check it out again when it is returned in a couple of weeks.
M: What if the professor renews it? And I really need it right now.
W: All of it? Or is there a certain section or chapter you are working with?
M: Eh…, there’s one chapter in particular I am working with.
W: Well, we normally don’t do this, but because of the circumstances we can photocopy up to one chapter for you. So, why not do that for the chapter you are working with right now? And by the time you need the rest of the book, maybe it’ll have been returned.
M: Oh, that would be great. Thank you!
How long did the man think he could keep the book?
Which of the following statements is True according to the conversation?
What does the woman suggest that the man should do?
【14题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【15题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【16题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。

Questions are based on the following passage.

17.
A. The woman’s husband. B. The owner of the apartment.
C. The apartment manager. D. The person who lives in the apartment now.
18.
A. In a hotel. B. In a two-bedroom apartment.
C. In a house. D. In a three-bedroom apartment.
19.
A. It is one of the nicest apartments in the buildings.
B. The master bedroom of the apartment is quite spacious.
C. It is a three-bedroom apartment that is difficult to find.
D. The woman’s family can move in the next day if they sign the contract.
20.
A. She thought the apartment was not spacious enough.
B. It was the first apartment that she had the chance to see.
C. Her husband was busy and had not seen the apartment yet.
D. The rent was too high for the woman’s family to afford.
【答案】17. C 18. A 19. C 20. C
【解析】
M: This is it. I know that it is smaller than you wanted, but it is one of the nicest apartments in the buildings.
W: Does it have three bedrooms?
M: No. There are two. But the master bedroom is quite large. Maybe you could let the children share the larger room, and you and your husband could use the smaller one.
W: I suppose I could do that.
M: A three-bedroom apartment will be difficult to find.
W: Yes, I know. Actually, the few three-bedroom apartments that I have found are either extremely expensive or the owner won’t like a family with children.
M: Well. The owner allows two children in this apartment.
W: Aren’t you the owner?
M: No, I am the manager. My office is on the first floor of this building.
W: Oh. That’s nice. Then if anything gets broken…
M: Just leave a note on my door.
W: You said that the rent would be 350 dollars a month. Does that include something?
M: Yes, it includes gas. Your stove is gas, so, as you can imagine, your other expenses, such as electric and water, are quite inexpensive.
W: This sounds great. But before I sign a contract, I would like my husband to see it.
M: Why not stop by with him this evening?
W: How late are you in your office? He usually doesn’t get off work until 5 p.m..
M: Come by at six. I will still be there. I am sure that you are eager to move from the hotel and if we have paper work out of the way tonight, you can move in tomorrow.
W: That sounds perfect!
Who is the man in this conversation?
Where is the woman living now?
Which of the following is Not True about the apartment?
Why didn’t the woman sign a contract right away?
【17题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【18题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【19题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【20题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。

II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Is Hothouse Earth Avoidable?
Nearly 50 years ago, the Club of Rome’s report “Limits to Growth” warned that if economic growth continued fast without regard for the environment, the world could face ecological and economic collapse in the twenty-first century. Yet that is essentially ___21___ has happened. As new research for the Club of Rome shows — and the latest report from the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) states — the world ___22___ well be headed towards disaster.
Many wrongly ___23___(interpret) the “Limits to Growth” as an attack on uncontrolled economic expansion. In fact, the report argued that ___24___ the unlimited-growth pathway was chosen, it would require complementary policies (including funding) ___25___ (preserve) the planet’s limited life-support systems.
This argument ___26___ (ignore). Instead, the world has continued to pursue fast growth, without regard for the environmental consequences. This has enabled us to make enormous progress in reducing poverty, increasing longevity, and increasing wealth. ___27___ it has come at a high cost to the formation of the society and the restoration of the planet.
As scientists have conclusively shown, in the last decade, we have entered a new geological era, the Anthropocene, in which human activity — in particular, economic activity — has been the dominant factor ___28___(influence) Earth’s climate and environment. In the Anthropocene, our planet’s life-support system is changing faster than ever.
Climate change now represents a clear and present danger. If our planet becomes just 2°C warmer than pre-industrial temperatures, we may be placed irreversibly on the path toward “Hothouse Earth” — a situation ___29___ temperatures are many degrees warmer than today, sea levels are considerably higher, and extreme weather events are ___30___(common) — and more destructive — than ever.
【答案】21. what
22. may/might
23. interpreted
24. if 25. to preserve
26. has been ignored
27. But 28. influencing
29. where 30. more common/commoner
【解析】
本文为说明文。最新报告表明，如果经济不考虑环境因素而继续快速增长，世界将在二十一世纪面临生态和经济崩溃，世界很可能会走向灾难，为此付出高昂的代价。如果我们不加限制，那么那时的气温会比今天高出许多，海平面会相当高，极端天气比以往任何时候都更常见、更具破坏性。
【21题详解】
考查表语从句。句意：但这是已经发生的事情。分析句子Yet that is essentially ___1___ has happened.可知，表语从句中缺少主语，根据上下文的语境可知，要用what。故填what。
【22题详解】
考查固定搭配。may/might well do…为固定搭配，意为“很有可能”。主要用于加强推测的语气,表示具有较大的可能性。本处是指“世界很可能会走向灾难”。故填may/might。
【23题详解】
考查谓语动词的时态。根据下文的“In fact, the report argued that…was chosen…”可知，本句是用一般过去时。此处是指“许多人错误地将‘限制增长’解释为对不受控制的经济扩张的攻击”。故填interpreted。
【24题详解】
考查语境及连接词。事实上，报告认为，如果选择无限增长的路径，就需要辅助性政策（包括资金）去保护地球有限的生命支持系统。分析语境可知，此处是一个假设，因此要用if。
【25题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：如果选择无限增长路径，就需要辅助性政策（包括资金）去保护地球有限的生命维持系统。require …to do…，为固定搭配，意为“需要…..去做…”，因此本空要用动词不定式，故填to preserve。
【26题详解】
考查语境。根据下一句“Instead, the world has continued to pursue fast growth”可此，此处是指“这个论点一直被忽视”，因此要用现在完成时。主语This argument与谓语动词ignore二者是被动关系，是指论点被忽略，要用现在完成时的被动语态，故填has been ignored。
【27题详解】
考查语境及连词。句意：这使我们在减少贫困、延长寿命和增加财富方面取得了巨大进展。但它对社会的形成和地球的恢复付出了高昂的代价。分析前后两句可知，两句的内容是转折的，故填But。
【28题详解】
考查非谓语作定语。句意：人类活动，特别是经济活动，已经成为影响地球气候和环境的主要因素。分析句子“human activity— in particular, economic activity — has been the dominant factor ___8___(influence) Earth’s climate and environment”可知，本空在句中作定语，修饰表语factor，而factor与动词influence二者是主动关系，故要填influencing。
【29题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：我们可能会不可逆转地走在通往“温室地球”的道路上——那儿的温度比今天高很多。分析句子可知，本句是定语从句。其中的situation是先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，因此要填关系副词where。
【30题详解】
考查比较级。句意：极端天气比以往任何时候都更常见、更具破坏性。根据最后一句“and more destructive — than ever.”可知，此处是用比较级，因此填more common/commoner。

Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

The Next Frontier: Using Thought to Control Machines
Technologies are often billed as transformative. For William Kochevar, the term is justified. Mr Kochevar is paralysed below the shoulders after a cycling accident, yet has managed to feed himself by his own hand. This ___31___ progress is partly thanks to electrodes, implanted in his right arm, which stimulate muscles. But the real magic lies higher up. Mr Kochevar can control his arm using the power of thought. His intention to move is ___32___ in neural(神经的) activity in his motor region; these signals are detected by implants in his brain and ___33___ into commands to activate the electrodes in his arms.
An ability to decode thought in this way may sound like science fiction. But brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) like the BrainGate system used by Mr Kochevar provide evidence that mind-control can work. Researchers are able to tell what words and images people have heard and seen from neural activity alone. Information can also be encoded and used to stimulate the brain. Over 300, 000 people have cochlear(耳蜗的) implants, which help them to hear by ___34___ sound into electrical signals and sending them into the brain. Scientists have “___35___” data into monkeys heads, instructing them to perform actions via electrical pulses.
As our Technology Quarterly in this issue explains, the pace of research into BCIs and the scale of its ambition are ___36___. Both America’s armed forces and Silicon Valley are starting to focus on the brain. Facebook dreams of thought-to-text ___37___. Kernel, a startup, has $100m to spend on neurotechnology. Elon Musk has formed a firm called Neuralink; he thinks that, if humanity is to survive the arrival of artificial intelligence, it needs an upgrade. Entrepreneurs imagine a world in which people can communicate using thoughts, with each other and with machines, or acquire ___38___ abilities, such as hearing at very high frequencies.
These powers, if they ever materialise, are decades away. But well before then, BCIs could open the door to wonderful new ___39___. Imagine stimulating the visual region to help the blind, making new neural___40___ in stroke victims or monitoring the brain for signs of depression. By turning the firing of neurons into a resource to be used, BCIs may change the idea of what it means to be human.
【答案】31. J 32. F
33. A 34. H
35. G 36. B
37. D 38. K
39. C 40. I
【解析】
本文为说明文。主要叙述了一个革命性的技术：用思想来控制机器。肩膀以下瘫痪了的科切瓦先生，在他右臂植入了电极后，他可以用思想的力量控制他的手臂。这听起来像不像是科幻小说？但这是事实！30多万人通过植入耳蜗来助听，通过刺激视觉区域来帮助盲人，在中风患者身上建立新的神经连接等，这种革命性的技术，让人们可以用思想来与他人交流，也可以与机器交流。
【31题详解】
考查形容词作定语。分析句子This ___1___ progress is partly thanks to electrodes, implanted in his right arm,可知，本空格在句中作定语，修饰名词progress，修饰名词要用形容词。根据上下文的语境可知，科切瓦先生在事故后肩膀以下瘫痪了，但他还是用自己的手来养活自己。但真正的魔力是科切瓦先生可以用思想的力量控制他的手臂。由此可知，这是个“显著的/非凡的”进步。分析选项可知remarkable符合题意，故选J。
【32题详解】
考查语境及名词。句意：他的运动意图反映在他运动区域的神经活动中。根据上文内容可知，科切瓦先生可以用思想的力量控制他的手臂。所以此处是指“他的运动意图反映（reflect）在神经活动中”。因此要用 reflects，故选F。
【33题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：这些信号通过他的大脑植入物被检测出来，并被处理成指令，激活他手臂上的电极。分析句子“these signals are detected by implants in his brain and ___3___ into commands to activate the electrodes in his arms.”可知，本空格是指信号被处理，分析选项可知process有“数据处理，加工”之意，本空与前面的主语these signals是被动关系，要填processed，故选A。
【34题详解】
考查语境及固定用法。根据语境可知，此处是指有30多万人植入了耳蜗，通过将声音转换成信号并发送到大脑来助听。“把……转换为……”为固定搭配“transform…into…”；by doing sth.为固定用法，意为“凭借……，通过……”因此此处要填transforming，故选H。
【35题详解】
考查谓语动词的时态及语态。句意：科学家已经将数据“注入”猴子的头部，指示它们通过电脉冲来执行动作。根据空格后“data into monkeys heads”可推断出，数据“注入”头部，分析选项可知inject有“注入”之意，而inject与主语scientists是主动关系。分析语境可知，本空是现在完成时，要填injected，故选G。
【36题详解】
考查语境。根据空格后的“美国军队和硅谷都开始把注意力放在大脑上”。可推断出“对BCIs的研究步伐和规模正在不断增加（increase）”。分析语境可知，空格处要用进行时，要填increasing，故选B。
【37题详解】
考查语境及动词的ing形式作宾语。根据后面的内容“企业家们设想了一个世界，在这个世界里，人们可以用思想、彼此和机器进行交流”可知，此处是指“Facebook梦想着文字来表达思想”，意即“从思想到文本的打印”，因此此处可填type。分析句子“Facebook dreams of thought-to-text ___7___”可知，本空在句中作of的宾语，因此要用动词的ing形式，所以填typing，故选D。
【38题详解】
考查语境。根据后面的“such as hearing at very high frequencies.”可知，此处是指“有超人的能力”，是在“在非常高的频率下的听觉”，因此此句是指“企业家们设想了这样一个世界:在这个世界里，人们可以用思想来交流，可以与他人交流，也可以与机器交流，或者获得超人（superhuman）的能力，比如在非常高的频率下听觉。”填superhuman，故选K。
【39题详解】
考查语境。上文主要叙述了新科技在神经活动中的运用。因此此处是指“但在那之前，BCI可以为奇妙的新应用（applications）打开大门。”此处填applications最合适，故选C。
【40题详解】
考查语境。分析本段的内容可知，此处是指“刺激视觉区域来帮助盲人，在中风患者身上建立新的神经连接”。make connections 意为“建立连接/关系”，此处填 connections，故选I。

III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
How comfortable are you around water? Are you a strong swimmer or do you struggle to keep your head above water? Are you comfortable venturing into the deeper water or do you prefer to move into shallow water where the bottom is ___41___?
Most people expose themselves to water and swimming situations according to their ___42___ levels of skill and comfort. The same might be true as you assess your comfort level with different academic environments ___43___ a good college “fit”. Just as you might study a body of water to figure out its temperature, depth and current before venturing in, you need to ___44___ the difficulties, pace and depth of an academic environment —and your ability to keep your “head above water” if admitted—before deciding to apply.
When looking at academic difficulties as a(n) ___45___ of “fit”, you are likely to find that you have the capacity to “get the job done” academically in a range of college environments.___46___, you are not likely to have difficulty with the “water” itself. You will fit best, however, at colleges and universities where your ability and preparation enable you to rise to new levels of ___47___.
Your goal should be to find academic environments where your levels of ability and preparation will enable you to achieve well as you stretch yourself ___48___. These places represent appropriate “bodies of water” for you academically.
The best ___49___ of comprehension regarding your preparedness to meet the academic requirements of various colleges and universities are your high school teachers. Because they are very familiar with your capabilities, your teachers can offer ___50___ help in identifying the colleges where you will find the best academic programs for you.
Assuming you are able to find appropriate environments academically, you then need to assess the ___51___ of your school reports for admission to those colleges. How does your academic record (grades and test scores) pile up against those of other students who will be ___52___, most (about 90%) of whom are just like you in that they can do the work too?
You need to be honest in ___53___ this part of the picture, especially if you are considering colleges that can be highly selective and tend to admit very small percentages of the students who apply. A lot of students get in over their heads competitively when they fail to consider the real odds of gaining admission. While you might feel you are a ___54___ candidate at schools that can be very choosy, the reality is that you need to be in the top 25 percent of applicant pools at such schools to have a fighting chance of being admitted. By the way, you don’t ___55___ your chances of getting into at least one such school by applying to a dozen of them!
41. A. tough B. mysterious C. visible D. different
42. A. explosive B. respective C. potential D. reasonable
43. A. on behalf of B. in the place of C. in case of D. in search of
44. A. observe B. overcome C. investigate D. complete
45. A. indication B. implication C. innovation D. intention
46. A. In addition B. In other words C. By comparison D. By contrast
47. A. continent B. contribution C. challenge D. conscience
48. A. considerately B. traditionally C. influentially D. intellectually
49. A. sources B. origins C. concerns D. demands
50. A. continuous B. invaluable C. powerless D. unforgettable
51. A. reliability B. alternative C. competitiveness D. recommendation
52. A. applying B. considering C. comparing D. persisting
53. A. appreciating B. assessing C. presenting D. comprehending
54. A. flexible B. positive C. feasible D. progressive
55. A. grasp B. change C. create D. increase
【答案】41. C 42. B 43. D 44. C 45. A 46. B 47. C 48. D 49. A 50. B 51. C 52. A 53. B 54. B 55. D
【解析】
本文为说明文。选择一所适合你的大学就像你在水中找到舒适的环境一样。首先要研究那个大学能否让你在新的挑战中使你的知识水平得到提高，你可以向你的高中老师求助，因为他们是最了解你的人。如果找到了合适的大学，你就要好好准备你的学校报告书了，还要评估你的学业成绩与其他的竞争者相比是有否更强的竞争力。
【41题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. tough艰难的；B. mysterious神秘的；C. visible看的见的；D. different不同的。根据前一句“move into shallow water”可知在浅水区，就能看到水底的，即水底是可以看见的（visible）。故选C。
【42题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. explosive易爆炸的，暴躁的；B. respective各自的，分别的；C. potential潜在的；D. reasonable合理的。大多数人根据他们各自的（respective）技术水平和舒适度将自己暴露在水和游泳的环境中。不同的人分别有自己各自的(respective)技术水平，因此此处填B。
【43题详解】
考查短语辨析。A. on behalf of为了……的利益，代表……；B. in the place of代替……；C. in case of万一，如果；D. in search of寻找。分析下文“assess”“、study”、“venturing in”、“if admitted—before deciding to apply.”可知，把找到适合自己的大学比作在水中找到舒适的环境，因此此处是指“同样的情况也可能发生在你在不同的学术环境下评估自己的舒适程度，以寻找（in search of）一个适合自己的大学”，故选D。
【44题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. observe观察；B. overcome克服；C. investigate研究，调查；D. complete完成。此处是指“就像你可能在冒险之前要研究（investigate）一处水域的温度、深度和水流一样”，故选C。
【45题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. indication标示；B. implication 含义；C. innovation创新；D. intention意图。此处是指“当你把学业上的困难看作是‘适合’的标示（implication）时，你很可能会发现你有能力在各种大学环境下把工作做好”，故选A。
【46题详解】
考查语境及短语辨析。A. In addition此处；B. In other words换句话说；C. By comparison相比之下；D. By contrast相比之下。分析下文的内容可知，这是对上一句的解释，故是“换句话说（In other words），这样的大学适合你”，故选B。
【47题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. continent大陆；B. contribution贡献；C. challenge挑战；D. conscience意识。根据前文可知，学业上的困难被看作是“适合的”暗示，可知，在大学时会有新的挑战。因此此处是指“然而，在你的能力和准备使你能够迎接新挑战（challenge）的大学里，你会是最适合的。”故选C。
【48题详解】
考查副词辨析。A. considerately体贴地；B. traditionally传统地；C. influentially有影响力地；D. intellectually智力上地。根据上文可知，在大学里迎接新挑战，会让你在智力上（intellectually）得到很好的锻炼，故选D。
【49题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. sources信息源，来源；B. origins起源；C. concerns关注；D. demands需求，要求。根据后面的“因为老师们非常熟悉你的能力，所以他们可以提供宝贵的帮助，帮助你找到适合你的大学”可知，当你为满足各学院和大学的学术要求作准备时，你的高中老师是最好的信息源（sources），故选A。
【50题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. continuous连续的；B. invaluable宝贵的，无价的；C. powerless无力的；D. unforgettable难忘的。根据空后的“帮助你找到最适合你的学业课程。”可知，老师的帮助是宝贵的（invaluable），故选B。
【51题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. reliability可靠性；B. alternative选择，可供选择物；C. competitiveness竞争性，竞争力；D. recommendation建议，推荐。根据后面的“你的学习成绩与其他要申请的学生相比（竞争力）如何?”可知，此处是指“你就需要评估你为进入这些学院的报告书（有多大的）竞争性（competitiveness）。”，故选C 。
【52题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. applying申请，应用；B. considering考虑；C. comparing比较；D. persisting坚持。根据第二段最后一句“if admitted—before deciding to apply.”，可知此处是指“你的学习成绩与其他将要申请（applying）这家大学的学生相比如何?”故选A。
【53题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. appreciating欣赏；B. assessing评估；C. presenting呈现；D. comprehending理解。根据前面的“you then need to assess the ___11___ of your school reports for admission to those colleges”，可知，此处是指“你需要诚实地评估（assessing）这部分情况，尤其是如果你考虑的大学可能是非常挑剔的”故选B。
【54题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. flexible 灵活；B. positive积极的，乐观的；C. feasible可行的；D. progressive渐进的。根据空格前后的意思可知，虽然你对自己被这样的大学录取机会很乐观（positive），但事实机会很小。故选B。
【55题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. grasp把握；B. change改变，变化；C. create创造；D. increase增加。分析空格前后的内容 可知，此处是指“你申请十几所这样的学校并不能增加（increase）进入至少一所这样的学校的机会！故选D。

Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.
(A)
In 1888 an Egyptian farmer digging in the sand near the village of Istabl Antar uncovered a mass grave. The bodies weren’t human. They were feline — ancient cats that had been mummified(木乃伊化的) and buried in holes in astonishing numbers. “Not one or two here and there”, reported English Illustrated Magazine, “but dozens, hundreds, hundreds of thousands, a layer of them, a layer thicker than most coal joints, ten to twenty cats deep. ” Some of the linen-wrapped cats still looked presentable, and a few even had golden faces. Village children peddled the best ones to tourists for change; the rest were sold as fertilizer. One ship transported about 180,000, weighing some 38, 000 pounds, to Liverpool to be spread on the fields of England.
Those were the days of generously funded explorations—that dragged through acres of desert in their quest for royal tombs, and for splendid gold and painted masks to decorate the estates and museums of Europe and America. The many thousands of mummified animals that turned up at religious sites throughout Egypt were just things to be cleared away to get at the good stuff. Few people studied them, and their importance was generally unrecognized.
In the century since then, archaeology has become less of a treasure hunt and more of a science. Archaeologists now realize that much of their sites’ wealth lies in the majority of details about ordinary folks—what they did, what they thought, how they prayed. And animal mummies are a big part of that.
“They’re really displays of daily life,” says Egyptologist Salima Ikram. After peering beneath bandages with x-rays and cataloguing her findings, she created a gallery for the collection — a bridge between people today and those of long ago. “You look at these mummified animals, and suddenly you say, Oh, King So-and-So had a pet. I have a pet. And instead of being at a distance of 5,000-plus years, the ancient Egyptians become clearer and closer to us.”
56. Which of the following words has the closest meaning to “peddled”(paragraph 1)?
A. modernized B. displayed C. illustrated D. demonstrated
57. Why was archaeology once referred to as a“treasure hunt ”(paragraph 3)?
A. In the royal tombs, there were many treasures made of silver and gold.
B. Animal mummies could be made into fertilizer which is very valuable.
C. It was hard to find animal mummies since they were buried under dirt.
D. People sought the remains of ancient Egypt merely for their material value.
58. Which of the following is TRUE about Salima Ikram?
A. She wishes to establish the continuity of pets over history.
B. She believes that studying the remains can help modern society relate to the past.
C. She wants to identify the King’s personal belongings and classify them.
D. She doubts if current society will understand the significance of Egyptian remains.
59. This article probably encourages the readers to _____________.
A. value the past by studying the remains left behind by our ancestors
B. make full use of the remains our ancestors have left behind
C. understand that animal mummies are more important than gold and masks
D. become more sensitive to the ancient lifestyle of our ancestors
【答案】56. B 57. D 58. B 59. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文为记叙文。自从1888年在埃及发现了猫动物的木乃伊之后，大量的皇家墓穴被挖掘，成千上万的木乃伊被运往世界各地，以攫取物质利益。后来考古学家不再只是寻宝，而是把它作为一门科学研究。因为木乃伊展示了古埃及人的日常生活。正如古物学家萨利玛·伊克拉姆所说，木乃伊的研究是现代社会和过去的联系的桥梁。
【56题详解】
猜测词义题。根据第一段中 “Village children peddled the best ones to tourists for change; the rest were sold as fertilizer.”可知，peddled后的“to tourists for change”即“把最好的给游客来换取零钱”，可知，此处的peddled是“兜售”给游客以换取零钱，可知peddle就是向他人炫耀从而售出。分析选项A. modernized使现代化；B. displayed炫耀，展览；C. illustrated加插图于，描述；D. demonstrated证明，证实。可推断出B. displayed符合题意，故选B。
【57题详解】
推理判断题。第二段叙述了“最初考古是为了寻找皇家陵墓，寻找华丽的黄金和彩绘面具来装饰欧洲和美洲的地产和博物馆。成千上万的来自古埃及的动物木乃伊出现在埃及各地的宗教场所，但很少有人研究它们”。可知，考古就是寻宝，为了物质上的价值。以及第三段第一句话“从那以后的一个世纪里，考古学已不再是寻宝，而是一门科学”由此可知，他们寻找古埃及的遗迹仅仅是为了他们的物质价值。分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。最后一段she（Salima Ikram） created a gallery for the collection — a bridge between people today and those of long ago.可知，Salima Ikram把她的发现进行分类之后，她为这些收藏品创建了一个画廊——一座连接今天的人和很久以前的人的桥梁。以及她的话“You look at these mummified animals, and suddenly you say, Oh, King So-and-So had a pet. I have a pet. And instead of being at a distance of 5,000-plus years, the ancient Egyptians become clearer and closer to us.” “你看着这些动物木乃伊，突然你说，哦，国王某某养了一只宠物。我有一只宠物。古埃及人与我们之间的距离不再是5000多年前的事了，而是变得更加清晰，离我们更近了。”由此可推断出她认为研究这些遗迹有助于把现代社会与过去联系起来。分析选项可知B符合题意，故选B。
【59题详解】
推理判断题。本文主要叙述了古代埃及的木乃伊展示了古代埃及人的日常生活，是了解它们的途径，有助于在现代社会与过去的之间建立一座桥梁。通过研究它们可以让我们正确的评估过去。分析选项可知A符合题意，故选A。
【点睛】高考中词义推断是常考的题型。阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。例如第1小题词意猜测题.根据第一段中 “Village children peddled the best ones to tourists for change; the rest were sold as fertilizer.”可知，peddled后的“to tourists for change”即“最好的给游客来换取零钱”，可知，此处的peddled是“兜售”给游客以换取零钱，可知peddle就是向他人炫耀从而售出。分析选项A. modernized使现代化；B. displayed炫耀，展览；C. illustrated加插图于，描述；D. demonstrated证明，证实。可推断出B. displayed符合题意，故选B。

(B)

● Stocky, slow-moving whale, rarely grows beyond 15 metres in length
● Flippers are a third of body length; variable dorsal fin size and shape; saw-toothed trailing edge on flukes, often raised when diving
● Bumpy tubercles on top of head
● Body colour is dark brown to black; often extensive white on flippers and underside of body and flukes; such patterns enable individual recognition
● Bushy blow, occasionally V-shaped
● 270-400 olive baleen plates
Humpback whales belong to the rorqual (groove-throated) family, which includes fin, sei, Bryde’s, minke and blue whales. The big family migrate between winter tropical breeding areas (North West Shelf, Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiii, Tonga) and summer Antarctic feeding areas. Once common in New Zealand waters, humpbacks are now rarely seen and may migrate further offshore. Males compete for mates either by physical fight or by song. Females give birth to their young every two to three years; some non-breeding females probably remain in the southern waters during winter. Young humpback whales return to their area of birth but in later life some wander between breeding areas. Humpbacks eat small shrimps and other schooling prey, such as fish, forming small, cooperative groups of two to three individuals to feed.
Similar species: Easily identifiable due to a ‘hump’ back when submerging, but at a distance may be confused with other species that raise their flukes when diving, such as sperm, right and blue whales.
Protection status: Recovering well from past whaling and now numerous in some former migration and aggregation areas, rarely seen in others.
60. Which of the following is TRUE about humpback whales?
A. Their long flippers vary in length, size and shape like dorsal fin.
B. They are large and likely to grow longer than 15 metres.
C. The different colors and patterns of the body help to be recognized.
D. Their bumpy tubercles and blowholes are on both sides of head.
61. Which of the following can be inferred from this article’s description of humpback whales’ migration?
A. They need warmer waters to breed.
B. They can’t survive in extreme cold.
C. They find plentiful food in tropical waters.
D. They are mostly hunted in New Zealand waters.
62. This article is mainly intended to .
A. explain why humpbacks are still hunted in some parts of the world
B. introduce how humpbacks migrate through some dangerous waters
C. popularize the basic knowledge of humpbacks and call for protection
D. help distinguish humpbacks from other similar species
【答案】60. C 61. A 62. C
【解析】
本文为说明文。文中介绍了座头鲸外形特点、体重、颜色，以及其如何繁殖、喂养等生活习性等，并呼吁大家保护它。
【60题详解】
推理判断题 。根据第四个小点后的一段“Body color is dark brown to black; often extensive white on flippers and underside of body and flukes; such patterns enable individual recognition”可知，座头鲸体色由深棕色至黑色，脚蹼、身体底部和尾鳍上通常是大面积的白色；这样的图案使单个的座头鲸很容易被识别。分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。
【61题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五个小黑点后面的“The big family migrate between winter tropical breeding areas (North West Shelf, Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiii, Tonga) and summer Antarctic feeding areas.” 座头鲸这个大家族在冬季的热带繁殖区（西北大陆架、大堡礁、新喀里多尼亚、瓦努阿图、斐济、汤加）和夏季南极喂养区之间迁徙。可知，座头鲸在热带地区繁殖。冬季的热带繁殖区，是温暖的地方。可知座头鲸需要在暖和的地方繁殖，故选A。
【62题详解】
主旨大意题。本文主要对座头鲸外形特点、体重、颜色，以及其如何繁殖喂养等生活习性等作了介绍，并呼吁大家保护意识。所以本文目的是普及有关座头鲸的知识，并对它们加以保护。分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。

(C)
Right now, I am looking at a shelf full of relics, a collection of has-beens, old-timers, antiques, fossils. Right now, I am looking at a shelf full of books. Yes, that’s right. If you have some spare cash (the going rate is about $89) and you are looking to enhance your reading experience, then I highly suggest you consider purchasing an e-reader. E-readers are replacing the books of old and I welcome them with open arms (as you should).
An e-reader is a device that allows you to read e-books. An e-book is a book-length publication in digital form, consisting of text, images or both, and produced on, published through and readable on computers or other electronic devices. Sometimes the equivalent of a conventional printed book, e-books can also be born digital. The Oxford Dictionary of English defines the e-book as “an electronic version of a printed book”, but e-books can and do exist without any printed equivalent.
E-readers put printed books to shame. E-readers are superior to printed books because they save space, are environmentally friendly and provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not.
The average e-reader can store thousands of digital books, providing a genuine library at your fingertips. What is more, the e-reader itself is very small. It is easy to hold and can fit in a pocketbook or briefcase easily. This makes handling wooden giant such as War and Peace and Anna Karenina a breeze. Perhaps the only drawback to the space-saving aspect of an e-reader is that it requires you to find new things to put on your shelves.
In addition, e-readers are environmentally friendly. The average novel is about 300 pages long. So, if a novel is printed 1000 times, it will use 300,000 pieces of paper. That’s a lot of paper! And for the super bestsellers, these figures increase dramatically. For example, the Harry Potter book series has sold over 450 million copies. That’s about 2 million trees! Upon viewing these figures, it is not hard to grasp the severe impact of printed books on the environment. Since e-readers use no trees, they represent a significant amount of preservation in terms of the environment and its resources.
Finally, e-readers provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not. The typical e-reader allows its user to adjust letter size, letterform and line spacing. It also allows highlighting and electronic bookmarking.
Furthermore, it grants users the ability to get an overview of a book and then jump to a specific location based on that overview. While these are all nice features, perhaps the most helpful of all is the ability to get dictionary definitions at the touch of a finger. On even the most basic e-reader, users can find instant definitions without having to hunt through a physical dictionary.
It can be seen that e-readers are superior to printed books. They save space, are environmentally friendly and provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not. So what good are printed books? Well, they certainly make nice decorations.
63. As used in paragraph 1, it can be inferred that “has-beens, old-timers, antiques, fossils” are all words that describe something ____________.
A. outdated B. typical C. meaningful D. useless
64. Based on information in the passage, it can be inferred that printed books of War and Peace and Anna Karenina are all ____________.
A. superior and dramatic B. dense and environmental
C. awkward and heavy D. significant and resistant
65. According to the author, which of the following reading tips and tools are offered by the e-reader?
① line spacing customization
② the ability to quickly jump to the end of a book
③ access to a printed dictionary at the touch of a finger
A. ①and ②only B. ①and ③only C. ②and ③only D. ①, ② and ③
66. Which of the following sentences from the passage best summarizes the author’s main point?
A. “If you have some spare cash(the going rate is about $89)and are looking to enhance your reading experience, then I highly suggest you consider purchasing an e-reader.”
B. “E-readers are replacing the books of old, and I welcome them with open arms (as you should).”
C. “An e-reader is a device that allows you to read e-books. An e-book is a book-length publication in digital form, consisting of text, images, or both, and produced on, published through, and readable on computers or other electronic devices.”
D. “E-readers are superior to printed books because they save space, are environmentally friendly, and provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not.”
【答案】63. A 64. C 65. A 66. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文为说明文。本文介绍了现在印刷的书籍过时了，如果你想提高你的阅读体验，就去买一个电子阅读器。电子阅读器优于印刷书籍，因为电子阅读器本身很小，易拿，容量大。它们节省空间，环保，提供了印刷书籍所没有的阅读技巧和工具，如调整字体，字形和间距、随意跳到指定的位置等。
【63题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“has-beens, old-timers, antiques, fossils”以及后面的“E-readers are replacing the books of old”可知，这些词都是说 “已过时”了，分析选项A. outdated过时了；B. typical典型有；C. meaningful有意义的；D. useless没有的。可知，A符合题意，故选A。
【64题详解】
推理判断题。第三段中“E-readers put printed books to shame. E-readers are superior to printed books because they save space,”和第四段“The average e-reader can store thousands of digital books, providing a genuine library at your fingertips. What is more, the e-reader itself is very small. It is easy to hold and can fit in a pocketbook or briefcase easily”尤其是“This makes handling wooden giant such as War and Peace and Anna Karenina a breeze.”，可知，电子阅读器节省了空间，环保，容量大。而且电子阅读器体积小，易拿和存贮。这使得处理像《战争与和平》和《安娜·卡列尼娜》这样的庞大的笨重的巨人变得轻而易举。由此可推断出印刷版的《战争与和平》和《安娜·卡列尼娜》是笨重的。分析选项可知C符合题意。
65题详解】
细节理解题。第六段“The typical e-reader allows its user to adjust letter size, letterform and line spacing.”可知，典型的电子阅读器允许用户调整字母大小、字体和行距。第七段“Furthermore, it grants users the ability to get an overview of a book and then jump to a specific location based on that overview…the most helpful of all is the ability to get dictionary definitions at the touch of a finger.”可知，电子阅读器允许用户跳转到特定位置。但也许最有用的是能够用手指触摸电子字典就可找到答案。选项① line spacing customization行间距自定义；② the ability to quickly jump to the end of a book快速跳到书尾的能力；③ access to a printed dictionary at the touch of a finger用手指接触印刷体的字典。分析可知，①和②是正确的，故选A。
【66题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“E-readers put printed books to shame. E-readers are superior to printed books because they save space, are environmentally friendly and provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not”可知“电子阅读器使印刷书籍相形见绌。电子阅读器优于印刷书籍，因为它们节省空间，环保，提供了印刷书籍所没有的有用的阅读技巧和工具。”分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D。
【点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。细节理解是指原文提到了某事，某种现象或理论，题干一般针对原文具体叙述的事情本身提问。一般包括直接理解题、语意转化题（需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换，两者存在着表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工整理后方能得出结论）、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。抓住文章中的事实和细节是做好该类题的关键，也是做好其他类题的基础。细节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息，而是多处信息的整合。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时，一定要全面捕捉相关信息，进行综合分析、归纳，切忌根据“一面之词”草率地作出结论。如第3小题属于细节理解题。第六段“The typical e-reader allows its user to adjust letter size, letterform and line spacing.”可知，典型的电子阅读器允许用户调整字母大小、字体和行距。第七段“Furthermore, it grants users the ability to get an overview of a book and then jump to a specific location based on that overview…the most helpful of all is the ability to get dictionary definitions at the touch of a finger.”可知，电子阅读器允许用户跳转到特定位置。但也许最有用的是能够用手指触摸电子字典就可找到答案。选项① line spacing customization行间距自定义；② the ability to quickly jump to the end of a book快速跳到书尾的能力；③ access to a printed dictionary at the touch of a finger用手指接触印刷体的字典。分析可知，①和②是正确的，故选A。

Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Sustainable Cities Need More Than Parks, Cafes and a Riverwalk
There are many standards that aim to rank how green cities are. But what does it actually mean for a city to be green or sustainable?
We’ve written about what we call the “parks, cafes and a riverwalk” model of sustainability, which focuses on providing new green spaces, mainly for high-income people. This vision of shiny residential towers and waterfront parks has become a widely-shared conception of what green cities should look like. ___67___
Gentrification(住宅高档化) has become a catch-all term used to describe neighborhood change, and is often misunderstood as the only path to neighborhood improvement. In fact, its defining feature is displacement. Typically, people who move into these changing neighborhoods are wealthier and more educated than residents who are displaced.
A recent flood of new research has focused on the displacement effects of environmental cleanup and green space initiatives. ___68___
Land for new development and resources to fund extensive cleanup of poisonous sites are scarce in many cities. ___69___ And in neighborhoods where gentrification has already begun, a new park or farmers market can worsen the problem by making the area even more attractive to potential high-income people and pricing out long-term residents. In some cases, developers even create temporary community gardens or farmers markets or promise more green space than they eventually deliver, in order to market a neighborhood to buyers looking for green pleasantness.
___70___ It makes deindustrialization seem both inevitable and desirable, often by quite literally replacing industry with more natural-looking landscapes. When these neighborhoods are finally cleaned up, after years of activism by longtime residents, those advocates often are unable to stay and enjoy the benefits of their efforts.
A. This phenomenon is often missing from development projects promoted as green or sustainable.
B. This phenomenon has variously been called environmental eco-or green gentrification.
C. Greening and environmental cleanup do not automatically or necessarily lead to gentrification.
D. This creates pressure to rezone industrial land for residential towers or profitable commercial space, in exchange for developer-funded cleanup.
E. But it can drive up real estate prices and displace low- and middle-income residents.
F. Environmental gentrification naturalizes the disappearance of manufacturing and the working class.
【答案】67. E 68. B
69. D 70. F
【解析】
【分析】
本文为说明文。可持续发展城市需要的不仅仅是公园、咖啡馆和河边人行道。那么一个绿色城市的可持续发展究竟意味着什么呢?意味着住宅高档化，生态环境更中产化，用更自然的景观取代工业的痕迹。
【67题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本句是起承上启下作用的句子。根据空前的内容“我们称之为‘公园、咖啡馆和河边漫步’的可持续发展模式，其重点是为高收入人群提供新的绿色空间”，及空后下一段开头的“‘住宅高档化’已成为描述邻里变化的一个笼统的术语，移居到这些住宅区的人比那些流离失所的居民更富有”，可知，这样的高档住宅抬高了房地产价格，并取代中低收入居民，代之的是中产阶级。分析选项可知E项符合题意，故选E。
【68题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。空前的“A recent flood of new research has focused on the displacement effects of environmental cleanup and green space initiatives.”可知 ，“最近大量的新研究集中在环境清理和倡议绿色空间的效应上。”由此可知，清理环境，倡议绿色空间，意味着让环境，绿化生态有了很大的改善，适合于中产阶级（即住宅高档化)，分析选项可知B项符合题意，故选B。
【69题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。首先快速读完本段，再浏览选项可知，选项D中有词“cleanup”在本段复现。根据上一句“在许多城市，用于新开发的土地和用于大规模清理有毒场所的资源都很稀缺”及下文“开发商不得不创造及承诺更多最终会有更多的绿化。由此可知，为了让开发商资助清理这些有毒的场所，这就造成了将工业用地重新规划为住宅楼或有利可图的商业用地的压力。分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D。
【70题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空后的“这使得去工业化看起来既不可避免又令人向往，通常是通过用更自然的景观代替工业……当这些社区最终被清理干净时，这些倡导者往往无法留下来享受他们的努力带来的好处。”，再快速阅读本段得出大意，分析选项可知F项意义与本小题一致。其中的F项中的“disappearance of manufacturing”与文中的“disappearance of manufacturing”是同义词组。其中的F项中的“the disappearance of the working class”即是文中所说的“清理干净社区，这些人无法留下来享受他们带来的好处的”工人阶级的消失。分析选项可知F项符合题意，故选F。
【点睛】七选五题型考察学生把握整篇文章的布局和逻辑层次关系和把握微观信息间关联性这种题一般可从以下方面来做：
（1）看首段，跳过空格快速通读全篇，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构，分析篇章结构，了解文章大意。首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义。
（2）精读空格前后两句，利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格。七选五空出的是整个句子，可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。如第4小题，根据空后的“这使得去工业化看起来既不可避免又令人向往，通常是通过用更自然的景观代替工业……当这些社区最终被清理干净时，这些倡导者往往无法留下来享受他们的努力带来的好处。”，再快速阅读本段得出大意，分析选项可知F项意义与本小题一致。其中的F项中的“disappearance of manufacturing”与文中的“disappearance of manufacturing”是同义词组。其中的F项中的“the disappearance of the working class”即是文中所说的“清理干净社区，这些人无法留下来享受他们带来的好处的”工人阶级的消失。分析选项可知F项符合题意，故选F。
（3）快速阅读空格所在的段落，再看选项，找出与空前空后句中心词同义，近义或相关性的词语。实现关键词的对接，先易后难，各个突破。通过阅读选项，有可能根据选项中的关键词找出正确选项。如第3小题，首先快速读完本段，再浏览选项可知，选项D中有词“cleanup”在本段复现。根据上一句“在许多城市，用于新开发的土地和用于大规模清理有毒场所的资源都很稀缺”及下文“开发商不得不创造及承诺更多最终会有更多的绿化。由此可知，为了让开发商资助清理这些有毒的场所，这就造成了将工业用地重新规划为住宅楼或有利可图的商业用地的压力。分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D。
（4）最后，用代入法，检查答案是否合理，将所有选择答案放回空白处，通读全文，检查文章内容是否语义连贯合理、紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确．

IV. Summary Writing
71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Desertification
Desertification is one of the world’s most alarming processes of environmental degradation(退化). The issue is often unclear, however, by a common misperception: that it’s a “natural” problem of advancing deserts in faraway developing countries. In fact, desertification is about land degradation: the loss of the land’s biological productivity, caused by man-made factors and climate change.
Each year, desertification and drought cause an estimated $42 billion in lost agricultural production. The risks of desertification are sufficient and clear. It contributes to food insecurity, hunger and poverty, and can give rise to social, economic and political tensions that can cause conflicts, further poverty and land degradation. The great urgency of this challenge led the United Nations General Assembly to state 2006 to be the International Year of Deserts and Desertification (IYDD). It is a strong reminder of the urgent need to address the far-reaching implications of this problem. United Nations General Secretary recently summarizes in this way: “I look forward to working with Governments, civil society, the private section, international organizations and others to focus attention on this crucial issue, and to reverse the trend of desertification and set the world on a safer, more sustainable path of development.”
The IYDD also presents a golden opportunity to get the message across strongly and effectively that desertification is a global problem which we ignore at our risk. It is important to recognize that dry-lands are home to some of the most magnificent ecosystems of this world. These unique natural habitats have been home to some of the world’s oldest civilizations. They stand like open-air museums, bearing witness to bygone eras. The Year will therefore also celebrate the delicate beauty and unique inheritance of the world’s deserts.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Desertification means land degradation due to man-made causes and climate change. It may cause problems like conflicts, poverty and land degradation. So 2006 was stated to be IYDD as a reminder of the serious problem and call for joint efforts to develop the world sustainably. The IYDD also reminds us of the risk, the beauty and civilization/inheritance of the deserts.
【解析】
【分析】
本文为概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
【详解】首先细读原文。掌握文章的主旨。分析每一段的大意。如第一段是叙述沙漠化的原因：desertification is about land degradation: the loss of the land’s biological productivity, caused by man-made factors and climate change.最好不要照搬原词，因此可进行意义转化：Desertification means land degradation due to man-made causes and climate change。第二段说的是沙漠化带来的政治、经济上的问题如like conflicts, poverty and land degradation。第三段叙述了荒漠化是一个全球性的问题，呼吁大家共同努力，进行可持续发展。
接着用恰当的语法结构和词汇，采用合适的句式，按照内容的先后顺序进行连接。要注意最好不用原文中的内容。内容要点要完整呈现。最后的答案如下：Desertification means land degradation due to man-made causes and climate change. It may cause problems like conflicts, poverty and land degradation. So 2006 was stated to be IYDD as a reminder of the serious problem and call for joint efforts to develop the world sustainably. The IYDD also reminds us of the risk, the beauty and civilization/inheritance of the deserts.

第II卷 (共40分)
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 公众捐助为灾民们重建家园奠定了基础。(foundation)
____________________
73. 除非你尽快改掉坏习惯，不然你的室友不会再容忍你。(unless)
____________________
74. 现代社会期望年轻人能塑造一种有勇气、有担当的内在品格。(expect)
____________________
75. 项目应为每个团队量身定制，这样才能激励队员们精诚团结，为达成目标不遗余力。(tailor)
____________________
【答案】72. The public’s donation laid/has laid a (solid) foundation for the victims to rebuild their home.
73. Your roommate won’t/will not tolerate you anymore/ any longer unless you get rid of your bad habits as soon as possible.
74. The youth are expected to create/build a kind of inner character with courage and responsibility in the modern society.
75. The project should be tailored to the needs of each team so that it can motivate team members to unite together and spare no efforts to achieve their goal.
【解析】
本大题用所给词翻译英语句子。此种题首先要分析所给的汉语句意及所给的具体的词的用法，明确考核的要点，选择恰当的词语搭配。这不仅要用所给的语法项目进行恰当的翻译，同时还要注意翻译句子时要根据具体的语境。此外一定要避免汉语式的英语翻译。
【72题详解】
考查词的用法。本句考查名词foundation的用法，foundation意为“基础”。“lay a foundation for…”意为“为……奠定基础”为固定搭配，。因此本句可译为：The public’s donation laid/has laid a (solid) foundation for the victims to rebuild their home.
【73题详解】
考查unless的用法。unless意为“除非……”，常用于引导条件状语从句。状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来意义，主句多用一般将来时。改掉坏习惯，可用短语“get rid of the bad habit”，“不再…”“not…any longer”。因此句子可译为：：Your roommate won’t/will not tolerate you anymore/ any longer unless you get rid of your bad habits as soon as possible.
【74题详解】
考查expect的用法。“期望做某事……”可译为“expect to do…”；“塑造……的品格”可译为“create/build a kind of character with…”。因此本句可译为：The youth are expected to create/build a kind of inner character with courage and responsibility in the modern society.
【75题详解】
考查tailor 的用法。“tailor sth. to sb/sth.”为固定用法，意为“专门为……制作/订做……”；激励某人做某事，可译为“motivate sb.to do sth.”；“不遗余力做某事”可译为“spare no efforts to do…”。本句可用so that 状语从句来完成。因此本句可译为：The project should be tailored to the needs of each team so that it can motivate team members to unite together and spare no efforts to achieve their goal.

VI. Guided Writing
76.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是明启中学的高三学生李华，你的朋友李楠想在高考结束后报班学习驾驶或者第二外语，他发邮件向你询问有没有兴趣一起学习，请给他回复一封电子邮件，必须包括以下内容:
● 你愿意一起报班学习，并告知感兴趣的内容，二选一；
● 阐述你选择的理由。
(注意:文中请不要出现真实的校名人名)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】In the E-mail, you mentioned you want to sign up for class to learn driving or a second foreign language after the college entrance examination, and asked me whether I am interested in learning it together. I think learning to drive is good in such a long vacation.
With the development of society, everyone will have their own car so that it’s necessary for us to drive cars. If we learn to driving cars in the holidays, we can practise driving every day, which is much faster than only in your spare time. Next knowing that we are able to drive cars makes us more confident. What’s more, the ability to drive brings us independence and convenience, which means you can go wherever and whenever you want. My dear friend , do you think so?
I am looking forward to receiving your apply!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本文为应用文。你的朋友李楠想在高考结束后报班学习驾驶或者第二外语，他发邮件向你询问有没有兴趣一起学习，你给他回复一封电子邮件，内容包括你愿意一起报班学习，并阐述你选择的理由。
【详解】本文为邮件，即书信体。书信体一般包括三个部分。第一部分是写信的目的。即我愿意和你一起学驾驶。第二部分叙述学驾驶的好处。可以从以下几个方面写，如可每天练习开车，学的快。开车让我们更自信。会带来了独立和便利等。最后一部分写期待对方的回信。写作时多用高级词汇，句式相对要灵活些，单句与复句相结合。在列举理由时要用顺序连词，上下文意思连贯。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
【点睛】本文符合书信体的要求，文中运用了一引起较高级的词汇如sign up for…; be interested in; practise doing sth.; the ability to do…; spare time; what’s more等。句式相对灵活多样，有一些较高级的句式，如宾语从句asked me whether I am interested in learning it together；状语从句everyone will have their own car so that it’s necessary for us to drive cars；定语从句we can practise driving every day, which is much faster than only in your spare time；非谓语knowing that we are able to drive cars makes us more confident；定语从句中有一个状语从句the ability to drive brings us independence and convenience, which means you can go wherever and whenever you want等，这些都彰显了文章的档次。