2019届上海市黄浦区高三二模英语试题（word版）

黄浦区2019年高考模拟考

英语试卷

(完卷时间:120分钟 满分:140分)

第I卷(共100分)

II. Grammar and Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Is Hothouse Earth Avoidable?

Nearly 50 years ago, the Club of Rome’s report “Limits to Growth” warned that if economic growth continued fast without regard for the environment, the world could face ecological and economic collapse in the twenty-first century. Yet that is essentially ___21___ has happened. As new research for the Club of Rome shows — and the latest report from the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) states — the world ___22___ well be headed towards disaster.

Many wrongly ___23___(interpret) the “Limits to Growth” as an attack on uncontrolled economic expansion. In fact, the report argued that ___24___ the unlimited-growth pathway was chosen, it would require complementary policies (including funding) ___25___ (preserve) the planet’s limited life-support systems.

This argument ___26___ (ignore). Instead, the world has continued to pursue fast growth, without regard for the environmental consequences. This has enabled us to make enormous progress in reducing poverty, increasing longevity, and increasing wealth. ___27___ it has come at a high cost to the formation of the society and the restoration of the planet.

As scientists have conclusively shown, in the last decade, we have entered a new geological era, the Anthropocene, in which human activity — in particular, economic activity — has been the dominant factor ___28___(influence) Earth’s climate and environment. In the Anthropocene, our planet’s life-support system is changing faster than ever.

Climate change now represents a clear and present danger. If our planet becomes just 2°C warmer than pre-industrial temperatures, we may be placed irreversibly on the path toward “Hothouse Earth” — a situation ___29___ temperatures are many degrees warmer than today, sea levels are considerably higher, and extreme weather events are ___30___(common) — and more destructive — than ever.

【答案】21. what   

22. may/might   

23. interpreted   

24. if    25. to preserve   

26. has been ignored   

27. But    28. influencing   

29. where    30. more common/commoner

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

The Next Frontier: Using Thought to Control Machines

Technologies are often billed as transformative. For William Kochevar, the term is justified. Mr Kochevar is paralysed below the shoulders after a cycling accident, yet has managed to feed himself by his own hand. This ___31___ progress is partly thanks to electrodes, implanted in his right arm, which stimulate muscles. But the real magic lies higher up. Mr Kochevar can control his arm using the power of thought. His intention to move is ___32___ in neural(神经的) activity in his motor region; these signals are detected by implants in his brain and ___33___ into commands to activate the electrodes in his arms.

An ability to decode thought in this way may sound like science fiction. But brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) like the BrainGate system used by Mr Kochevar provide evidence that mind-control can work. Researchers are able to tell what words and images people have heard and seen from neural activity alone. Information can also be encoded and used to stimulate the brain. Over 300, 000 people have cochlear(耳蜗的) implants, which help them to hear by ___34___ sound into electrical signals and sending them into the brain. Scientists have “___35___” data into monkeys heads, instructing them to perform actions via electrical pulses.

As our Technology Quarterly in this issue explains, the pace of research into BCIs and the scale of its ambition are ___36___. Both America’s armed forces and Silicon Valley are starting to focus on the brain. Facebook dreams of thought-to-text ___37___. Kernel, a startup, has $100m to spend on neurotechnology. Elon Musk has formed a firm called Neuralink; he thinks that, if humanity is to survive the arrival of artificial intelligence, it needs an upgrade. Entrepreneurs imagine a world in which people can communicate using thoughts, with each other and with machines, or acquire ___38___ abilities, such as hearing at very high frequencies.

These powers, if they ever materialise, are decades away. But well before then, BCIs could open the door to wonderful new ___39___. Imagine stimulating the visual region to help the blind, making new neural___40___ in stroke victims or monitoring the brain for signs of depression. By turning the firing of neurons into a resource to be used, BCIs may change the idea of what it means to be human.

【答案】31. J    32. F   

33. A    34. H   

35. G    36. B   

37. D    38. K   

39. C    40. I

III. Reading Comprehension

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

How comfortable are you around water? Are you a strong swimmer or do you struggle to keep your head above water? Are you comfortable venturing into the deeper water or do you prefer to move into shallow water where the bottom is ___41___?

Most people expose themselves to water and swimming situations according to their ___42___ levels of skill and comfort. The same might be true as you assess your comfort level with different academic environments ___43___ a good college “fit”. Just as you might study a body of water to figure out its temperature, depth and current before venturing in, you need to ___44___ the difficulties, pace and depth of an academic environment —and your ability to keep your “head above water” if admitted—before deciding to apply.

When looking at academic difficulties as a(n) ___45___ of “fit”, you are likely to find that you have the capacity to “get the job done” academically in a range of college environments.___46___, you are not likely to have difficulty with the “water” itself. You will fit best, however, at colleges and universities where your ability and preparation enable you to rise to new levels of ___47___.

Your goal should be to find academic environments where your levels of ability and preparation will enable you to achieve well as you stretch yourself ___48___. These places represent appropriate “bodies of water” for you academically.

The best ___49___ of comprehension regarding your preparedness to meet the academic requirements of various colleges and universities are your high school teachers. Because they are very familiar with your capabilities, your teachers can offer ___50___ help in identifying the colleges where you will find the best academic programs for you.

Assuming you are able to find appropriate environments academically, you then need to assess the ___51___ of your school reports for admission to those colleges. How does your academic record (grades and test scores) pile up against those of other students who will be ___52___, most (about 90%) of whom are just like you in that they can do the work too?

You need to be honest in ___53___ this part of the picture, especially if you are considering colleges that can be highly selective and tend to admit very small percentages of the students who apply. A lot of students get in over their heads competitively when they fail to consider the real odds of gaining admission. While you might feel you are a ___54___ candidate at schools that can be very choosy, the reality is that you need to be in the top 25 percent of applicant pools at such schools to have a fighting chance of being admitted. By the way, you don’t ___55___ your chances of getting into at least one such school by applying to a dozen of them!

41. A. tough B. mysterious C. visible D. different

42. A. explosive B. respective C. potential D. reasonable

43. A. on behalf of B. in the place of C. in case of D. in search of

44. A. observe B. overcome C. investigate D. complete

45. A. indication B. implication C. innovation D. intention

46. A. In addition B. In other words C. By comparison D. By contrast

47. A. continent B. contribution C. challenge D. conscience

48. A. considerately B. traditionally C. influentially D. intellectually

49. A. sources B. origins C. concerns D. demands

50. A. continuous B. invaluable C. powerless D. unforgettable

51. A. reliability B. alternative C. competitiveness D. recommendation

52. A. applying B. considering C. comparing D. persisting

53. A. appreciating B. assessing C. presenting D. comprehending

54. A. flexible B. positive C. feasible D. progressive

55. A. grasp B. change C. create D. increase

【答案】41. C    42. B    43. D    44. C    45. A    46. B    47. C    48. D    49. A    50. B    51. C    52. A    53. B    54. B    55. D

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.

(A)

In 1888 an Egyptian farmer digging in the sand near the village of Istabl Antar uncovered a mass grave. The bodies weren’t human. They were feline — ancient cats that had been mummified(木乃伊化的) and buried in holes in astonishing numbers. “Not one or two here and there”, reported English Illustrated Magazine, “but dozens, hundreds, hundreds of thousands, a layer of them, a layer thicker than most coal joints, ten to twenty cats deep. ” Some of the linen-wrapped cats still looked presentable, and a few even had golden faces. Village children peddled the best ones to tourists for change; the rest were sold as fertilizer. One ship transported about 180,000, weighing some 38, 000 pounds, to Liverpool to be spread on the fields of England.

Those were the days of generously funded explorations—that dragged through acres of desert in their quest for royal tombs, and for splendid gold and painted masks to decorate the estates and museums of Europe and America. The many thousands of mummified animals that turned up at religious sites throughout Egypt were just things to be cleared away to get at the good stuff. Few people studied them, and their importance was generally unrecognized.

In the century since then, archaeology has become less of a treasure hunt and more of a science. Archaeologists now realize that much of their sites’ wealth lies in the majority of details about ordinary folks—what they did, what they thought, how they prayed. And animal mummies are a big part of that.

“They’re really displays of daily life,” says Egyptologist Salima Ikram. After peering beneath bandages with x-rays and cataloguing her findings, she created a gallery for the collection — a bridge between people today and those of long ago. “You look at these mummified animals, and suddenly you say, Oh, King So-and-So had a pet. I have a pet. And instead of being at a distance of 5,000-plus years, the ancient Egyptians become clearer and closer to us.”

56. Which of the following words has the closest meaning to “peddled”(paragraph 1)?

A. modernized B. displayed C. illustrated D. demonstrated

57. Why was archaeology once referred to as a“treasure hunt ”(paragraph 3)?

A. In the royal tombs, there were many treasures made of silver and gold.

B. Animal mummies could be made into fertilizer which is very valuable.

C. It was hard to find animal mummies since they were buried under dirt.

D. People sought the remains of ancient Egypt merely for their material value.

58. Which of the following is TRUE about Salima Ikram?

A. She wishes to establish the continuity of pets over history.

B. She believes that studying the remains can help modern society relate to the past.

C. She wants to identify the King’s personal belongings and classify them.

D. She doubts if current society will understand the significance of Egyptian remains.

59. This article probably encourages the readers to _____________.

A. value the past by studying the remains left behind by our ancestors

B. make full use of the remains our ancestors have left behind

C. understand that animal mummies are more important than gold and masks

D. become more sensitive to the ancient lifestyle of our ancestors

【答案】56. B    57. D    58. B    59. A

 (B)

● Stocky, slow-moving whale, rarely grows beyond 15 metres in length

● Flippers are a third of body length; variable dorsal fin size and shape; saw-toothed trailing edge on flukes, often raised when diving

● Bumpy tubercles on top of head

● Body colour is dark brown to black; often extensive white on flippers and underside of body and flukes; such patterns enable individual recognition

● Bushy blow, occasionally V-shaped

● 270-400 olive baleen plates

Humpback whales belong to the rorqual (groove-throated) family, which includes fin, sei, Bryde’s, minke and blue whales. The big family migrate between winter tropical breeding areas (North West Shelf, Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiii, Tonga) and summer Antarctic feeding areas. Once common in New Zealand waters, humpbacks are now rarely seen and may migrate further offshore. Males compete for mates either by physical fight or by song. Females give birth to their young every two to three years; some non-breeding females probably remain in the southern waters during winter. Young humpback whales return to their area of birth but in later life some wander between breeding areas. Humpbacks eat small shrimps and other schooling prey, such as fish, forming small, cooperative groups of two to three individuals to feed.

Similar species: Easily identifiable due to a ‘hump’ back when submerging, but at a distance may be confused with other species that raise their flukes when diving, such as sperm, right and blue whales.

Protection status: Recovering well from past whaling and now numerous in some former migration and aggregation areas, rarely seen in others.

60. Which of the following is TRUE about humpback whales?

A. Their long flippers vary in length, size and shape like dorsal fin.

B. They are large and likely to grow longer than 15 metres.

C. The different colors and patterns of the body help to be recognized.

D. Their bumpy tubercles and blowholes are on both sides of head.

61. Which of the following can be inferred from this article’s description of humpback whales’ migration?

A. They need warmer waters to breed.

B. They can’t survive in extreme cold.

C. They find plentiful food in tropical waters.

D. They are mostly hunted in New Zealand waters.

62. This article is mainly intended to      .

A. explain why humpbacks are still hunted in some parts of the world

B. introduce how humpbacks migrate through some dangerous waters

C. popularize the basic knowledge of humpbacks and call for protection

D. help distinguish humpbacks from other similar species

【答案】60. C    61. A    62. C

 (C)

Right now, I am looking at a shelf full of relics, a collection of has-beens, old-timers, antiques, fossils. Right now, I am looking at a shelf full of books. Yes, that’s right. If you have some spare cash (the going rate is about $89) and you are looking to enhance your reading experience, then I highly suggest you consider purchasing an e-reader. E-readers are replacing the books of old and I welcome them with open arms (as you should).

An e-reader is a device that allows you to read e-books. An e-book is a book-length publication in digital form, consisting of text, images or both, and produced on, published through and readable on computers or other electronic devices. Sometimes the equivalent of a conventional printed book, e-books can also be born digital. The Oxford Dictionary of English defines the e-book as “an electronic version of a printed book”, but e-books can and do exist without any printed equivalent.

E-readers put printed books to shame. E-readers are superior to printed books because they save space, are environmentally friendly and provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not.

The average e-reader can store thousands of digital books, providing a genuine library at your fingertips. What is more, the e-reader itself is very small. It is easy to hold and can fit in a pocketbook or briefcase easily. This makes handling wooden giant such as War and Peace and Anna Karenina a breeze. Perhaps the only drawback to the space-saving aspect of an e-reader is that it requires you to find new things to put on your shelves.

In addition, e-readers are environmentally friendly. The average novel is about 300 pages long. So, if a novel is printed 1000 times, it will use 300,000 pieces of paper. That’s a lot of paper! And for the super bestsellers, these figures increase dramatically. For example, the Harry Potter book series has sold over 450 million copies. That’s about 2 million trees! Upon viewing these figures, it is not hard to grasp the severe impact of printed books on the environment. Since e-readers use no trees, they represent a significant amount of preservation in terms of the environment and its resources.

Finally, e-readers provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not. The typical e-reader allows its user to adjust letter size, letterform and line spacing. It also allows highlighting and electronic bookmarking.

Furthermore, it grants users the ability to get an overview of a book and then jump to a specific location based on that overview. While these are all nice features, perhaps the most helpful of all is the ability to get dictionary definitions at the touch of a finger. On even the most basic e-reader, users can find instant definitions without having to hunt through a physical dictionary.

It can be seen that e-readers are superior to printed books. They save space, are environmentally friendly and provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not. So what good are printed books? Well, they certainly make nice decorations.

63. As used in paragraph 1, it can be inferred that “has-beens, old-timers, antiques, fossils” are all words that describe something ____________.

A. outdated B. typical C. meaningful D. useless

64. Based on information in the passage, it can be inferred that printed books of War and Peace and Anna Karenina are all ____________.

A. superior and dramatic B. dense and environmental

C. awkward and heavy D. significant and resistant

65. According to the author, which of the following reading tips and tools are offered by the e-reader?

① line spacing customization

② the ability to quickly jump to the end of a book

③ access to a printed dictionary at the touch of a finger

A. ①and ②only B. ①and ③only C. ②and ③only D. ①, ② and ③

66. Which of the following sentences from the passage best summarizes the author’s main point?

A. “If you have some spare cash(the going rate is about $89)and are looking to enhance your reading experience, then I highly suggest you consider purchasing an e-reader.”

B. “E-readers are replacing the books of old, and I welcome them with open arms (as you should).”

C. “An e-reader is a device that allows you to read e-books. An e-book is a book-length publication in digital form, consisting of text, images, or both, and produced on, published through, and readable on computers or other electronic devices.”

D. “E-readers are superior to printed books because they save space, are environmentally friendly, and provide helpful reading tips and tools that printed books do not.”

【答案】63. A    64. C    65. A    66. D

Section C

Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Sustainable Cities Need More Than Parks, Cafes and a Riverwalk

There are many standards that aim to rank how green cities are. But what does it actually mean for a city to be green or sustainable?

We’ve written about what we call the “parks, cafes and a riverwalk” model of sustainability, which focuses on providing new green spaces, mainly for high-income people. This vision of shiny residential towers and waterfront parks has become a widely-shared conception of what green cities should look like. ___67___

Gentrification(住宅高档化) has become a catch-all term used to describe neighborhood change, and is often misunderstood as the only path to neighborhood improvement. In fact, its defining feature is displacement. Typically, people who move into these changing neighborhoods are wealthier and more educated than residents who are displaced.

A recent flood of new research has focused on the displacement effects of environmental cleanup and green space initiatives. ___68___

Land for new development and resources to fund extensive cleanup of poisonous sites are scarce in many cities. ___69___ And in neighborhoods where gentrification has already begun, a new park or farmers market can worsen the problem by making the area even more attractive to potential high-income people and pricing out long-term residents. In some cases, developers even create temporary community gardens or farmers markets or promise more green space than they eventually deliver, in order to market a neighborhood to buyers looking for green pleasantness.

___70___ It makes deindustrialization seem both inevitable and desirable, often by quite literally replacing industry with more natural-looking landscapes. When these neighborhoods are finally cleaned up, after years of activism by longtime residents, those advocates often are unable to stay and enjoy the benefits of their efforts.

A. This phenomenon is often missing from development projects promoted as green or sustainable.

B. This phenomenon has variously been called environmental eco-or green gentrification.

C. Greening and environmental cleanup do not automatically or necessarily lead to gentrification.

D. This creates pressure to rezone industrial land for residential towers or profitable commercial space, in exchange for developer-funded cleanup.

E. But it can drive up real estate prices and displace low- and middle-income residents.

F. Environmental gentrification naturalizes the disappearance of manufacturing and the working class.

【答案】67. E    68. B   

69. D    70. F

IV. Summary Writing

71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Desertification

Desertification is one of the world’s most alarming processes of environmental degradation(退化). The issue is often unclear, however, by a common misperception: that it’s a “natural” problem of advancing deserts in faraway developing countries. In fact, desertification is about land degradation: the loss of the land’s biological productivity, caused by man-made factors and climate change.

Each year, desertification and drought cause an estimated $42 billion in lost agricultural production. The risks of desertification are sufficient and clear. It contributes to food insecurity, hunger and poverty, and can give rise to social, economic and political tensions that can cause conflicts, further poverty and land degradation. The great urgency of this challenge led the United Nations General Assembly to state 2006 to be the International Year of Deserts and Desertification (IYDD). It is a strong reminder of the urgent need to address the far-reaching implications of this problem. United Nations General Secretary recently summarizes in this way: “I look forward to working with Governments, civil society, the private section, international organizations and others to focus attention on this crucial issue, and to reverse the trend of desertification and set the world on a safer, more sustainable path of development.”

The IYDD also presents a golden opportunity to get the message across strongly and effectively that desertification is a global problem which we ignore at our risk. It is important to recognize that dry-lands are home to some of the most magnificent ecosystems of this world. These unique natural habitats have been home to some of the world’s oldest civilizations. They stand like open-air museums, bearing witness to bygone eras. The Year will therefore also celebrate the delicate beauty and unique inheritance of the world’s deserts.

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】Desertification means land degradation due to man-made causes and climate change. It may cause problems like conflicts, poverty and land degradation. So 2006 was stated to be IYDD as a reminder of the serious problem and call for joint efforts to develop the world sustainably. The IYDD also reminds us of the risk, the beauty and civilization/inheritance of the deserts.

第II卷 (共40分)

V. Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

72. 公众捐助为灾民们重建家园奠定了基础。(foundation)

____________________

73. 除非你尽快改掉坏习惯，不然你的室友不会再容忍你。(unless)

____________________

74. 现代社会期望年轻人能塑造一种有勇气、有担当的内在品格。(expect)

____________________

75. 项目应为每个团队量身定制，这样才能激励队员们精诚团结，为达成目标不遗余力。(tailor)

____________________

【答案】72. The public’s donation laid/has laid a (solid) foundation for the victims to rebuild their home.   

73. Your roommate won’t/will not tolerate you anymore/ any longer unless you get rid of your bad habits as soon as possible.   

74. The youth are expected to create/build a kind of inner character with courage and responsibility in the modern society.   

75. The project should be tailored to the needs of each team so that it can motivate team members to unite together and spare no efforts to achieve their goal.

VI. Guided Writing

76.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

假如你是明启中学的高三学生李华，你的朋友李楠想在高考结束后报班学习驾驶或者第二外语，他发邮件向你询问有没有兴趣一起学习，请给他回复一封电子邮件，必须包括以下内容:

● 你愿意一起报班学习，并告知感兴趣的内容，二选一；

● 阐述你选择的理由。

(注意:文中请不要出现真实的校名人名)

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】In the E-mail, you mentioned you want to sign up for class to learn driving or a second foreign language after the college entrance examination, and asked me whether I am interested in learning it together. I think learning to drive is good in such a long vacation.

With the development of society, everyone will have their own car so that it’s necessary for us to drive cars. If we learn to driving cars in the holidays, we can practise driving every day, which is much faster than only in your spare time. Next knowing that we are able to drive cars makes us more confident. What’s more, the ability to drive brings us independence and convenience, which means you can go wherever and whenever you want. My dear friend , do you think so?

I am looking forward to receiving your apply!

                                                                   Yours,

Li Hua