2019届上海市松江区高三二模英语试题（解析版）

2019届上海市松江区高三二模试题
高三英语
(满分140分，完卷时间120分钟)
考生注意:
1.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分, 试卷共12页。所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上, 做在试卷上一律不得分。
2.答题前, 务必在答题纸上填写学校、姓名和考生号。
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1.

A. At an airport. B. At a hotel. C. At a bus stop. D. At a post office.
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
M: We’d better check out before 12 o’clock. Or we’ll be overcharged.
W: I’ll take the luggage downstairs while you’re paying the bill.
Q: Where does this conversation probably take place?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。

2.

A. $ 15. B. $ 30. C. $ 45. D. $ 60.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
M: How much are the two shirts?
W: $ 30 each. But we are on sale today. You can get the second one only for half price.
Q: How much will the man pay for the two shirts?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。

3.

A. Food for a picnic. B. Drinks to be delivered.
C. Shopping list for drinks. D. Preparations for a party.
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
M. Let’s see what drinks you’ve got for the party tonight.
W: Everything. Beer, wine, soft drinks like Coke, Pepsi. You name it and I’ve got it. By the way, have you ordered the cake?
Q: What are the speakers talking about?
【详解】此题听力题，解析略。

4.

A. Taking a photo. B. Enjoying an exhibit.
C. Practicing riding a car. D. Hanging a picture.
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
W: I’d like to have the tree as my background. Where should I stand?
M: Could you stand back a bit? Now a little to the right. Yes, perfect position.
Q: What are the two speakers probably doing?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。

5.

A. Give up the course. B. Make a little progress.
C. Change for another course. D. Stick to the course.
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
W: I’m thinking of giving up the painting course. I’m simply not making any progress.
M: It’s hard to see progress in such a short time. Would you try a little longer?
Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。

6.

A. Convincing. B. Pointless.
C. Unbelievable. D. Time-consuming.
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
M: How do you like the speech?
W: It seems the speaker keeps to the points all the time and he has been very persuasive so far.
Q: What does the woman think of the speech?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。

7.

A. It’s more than satisfactory. B. It’s better than expected.
C. It’s not satisfactory at all. D. It’s beyond expectation.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
W: How is your experiment? Is it as satisfactory as you expected?
M: To tell the truth, it’s anything but satisfactory.
Q: What does the man say about the experiment?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。

8.

A. The man is late for the meeting because he is too busy.
B. The woman is glad to meet Mr. Brown in person.
C. The man is meeting the woman on behalf of Mr. Brown.
D. The woman feels sorry that Mr. Brown is unable to come.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
M: Mr. Brown asked me to tell you he feels sorry that he is too busy to meet you in person.
W: That’s Okay. I’m glad you’ve come in his place.
Q: What do we know from the conversation?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。

9.

A. She can’t concentrate herself. B. She is fully enjoying herself.
C. She doesn’t like the atmosphere. D. She is not familiar with the songs.
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
M: You don’t seem to be enjoying the singing concert very much.
W: Do I? I can’t be more delighted at the songs and the atmosphere.
Q: What does the woman mean?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。

10.

A. Tom will revise his project as the man told him to.
B. The man should give Tom more influence.
C. Tom’s project doesn’t need to be revised at all.
D. It’s unlikely that Tom will revise his project.
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
M: I talked with Tom about his project and told him to revise it carefully.
W: Did you? I should have told you that Tom is a person who is hardly influenced by others.
Q: What does the woman imply?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。

Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.

Questions are based on the following passage.

11.
A. The quality of the food. B. The direction to the food.
C. The distance to the food. D. The smell of the food.
12.
A. Appreciative. B. Believable.
C. Doubtful. D. Supportive.
13.
A. His winning the Nobel Prize. B. The British scientists’ study.
C. The videos of bees’ life. D. The invention of radar.
【答案】11. A 12. C 13. B
【解析】
Do you know that bees can dance? Well, neither did scientists until the 1960s. That’s when a German scientist, named Karl von Frisch, noticed something truly remarkable. As he was observing honeybees, he noticed that some of the bees, which he called scout bees, flew out of the hive to look for food. When a scout found a site where there was food, it flew back to the beehive and started dancing. This dance somehow told the other honeybees where the food was, because after the dance, some of the bees flew from the hive straight to the site of the food. Karl called the bees that collect the food forager bees. He thought the scout bee’s dance told the forager bees three things: first, the smell of the food it had found; second, which direction to fly to reach the food; and third, the distance of the food site from the beehive. Karl won the 1973 Nobel Prize for this discovery, but many scientists doubted his theory. They didn’t believe it was the dance that led the forager bees to food. Instead, they thought it might be the smell of the food on the dancing bee, or maybe that they just followed the scout back to the food site. Well, very recently, some British scientists used a new type of radar to prove that Karl’s theory was indeed correct. It is the dance that communicates this information to other bees.
Questions:
According to Karl, what information is not included in scout bee’s dance?
What is many scientists’ attitude towards Karl’s discovery?
What made people believe the correctness of Karl’s theory?
【11题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【12题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【13题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。

Questions are based on the following passage.

14.
A. Several people were seriously hurt.
B. No injuries were yet reported.
C. Nobody was in the building when it broke out.
D. The fire had burned for 45 minutes by the time firefighters arrived.
15.
A. Planning a new manned landing on the moon in 2019.
B. Testing the possibility of 5G mobile signal coverage on the moon.
C. Establishing mobile communication between the moon and the earth.
D. Sending high definition streaming video and data from the moon.
16.
A. Shrinking potato farming. B. Heavy reliance on import.
C. Widespread plant disease. D. Insufficient potato supply.
【答案】14. B 15. C 16. D
【解析】
(男)Here is the hourly brief news:
Firefighters responded to a fire last night at an abandoned mall in Heywood. The fire was reported at 9:26 p.m. at an old shopping center on Michigan Avenue near St. Mary’s Church. Six fire engines, two trucks and two chiefs responded to the scene. Crews had the fire under control in about 45 minutes and managed to contain the fire to its point of origin.There were some people inside the building when the fire broke out but none is reportedly injured.
(女) A device that weighs less than 1 kilogram is part of a mission that will allow scientists to deliver fourth generation or 4G mobile coverage to the moon in 2019. If successful, the tiny device will provide the moon with its first ever mobile phone network. The lunar network will support high definition streaming of video and data between the moon and the earth. This means that a 5G network may not yet be stable enough to work on the moon’s surface.
(男) Potato chips in Japan are being sold for 6 times their normal price. This is after the country’s main manufacturer stopped sales due to a potato shortage. Japanese laws limit the amount of imported potatoes that can be used in Japanese made products. It still only allows potatoes from selected US states. Japan says fear of disease is its main reason to block fresh imports. Global warming has raised the possibility that domestic produce could be seriously affected by rare weather events more often.
Question:
What do we know from the fire news?
According to the second news, what are scientists doing?
Which of the following problems is Japan facing?
【14题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【15题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【16题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。

Questions are based on the following passage.

17.
A. The hotel put his reservation under another name
B. The man made a mistake of the date.
C. The hotel had canceled his reservation.
D. The man was in the wrong hotel.
18.
A. Some VIP people have rented all the rooms in advance.
B. There was a conference going on in the city.
C. The hotel was undergoing major repairs.
D. It was a busy season for holiday-makers.
19.
A. It was free of charge on weekends. B. It had discount on weekdays.
C. It was offered to VIP guests only. D. It was cheaper than usual.
20.
A. Cancel the reservation. B. Ask for a free breakfast.
C. Complain to the manager. D. Demand to be refunded.
【答案】17. A 18. B 19. A 20. C
【解析】
M: Hello, I have a reservation for tonight. My name’s Nelson.
W: Ok, Mr. Nelson. That’s a room for one for the 19th.
M: Wait, wait. It’s for tonight, not tomorrow night. There must be something wrong.
W: Did you make the reservation with the name Douglas Nelson?
M: Oh, no, it’s Charles Nelson.
W: Wait a minute, Mr. Nelson. Er.., terribly sorry, sir, we don’t seem to have a reservation under your name. It’s our fault.
M: Oh, my goodness! Anyway, I need a room for tonight.
W: Just a few seconds, Mr. Nelson. I’m sorry, sir, but I don’t think we have any rooms for tonight. There’s a conference going on in town and---er, let me seeyeah, no rooms.
M: Oh, come on! You must have something, anything!
W: Well, let---let me check my computer again … hereAh! There has been a cancellation for this evening. A VIP room is now available.
M: Great, I’ll take it.
W: But, I’ll have to charge you 150 pounds for the night.
M: What? I should have a discount for the inconvenience!
W: Well, the best I can give you is a free breakfast.
M: Hey, isn’t the breakfast free anyway?
W: Well, only on weekends.
M: That’s too terrible. I have to do something. Where can I find the manager?
Questions:
What’s the man’s problem?
Why did the woman say they didn’t have any rooms for that night?
What did the woman say about the breakfast in the hotel?
What would the man probably do at last?
【17题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【18题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【19题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【20题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。

II. Grammar and vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Rhiannon Lambert, who treats about 180 clients a year with various kinds of eating disorders, says the number of those caused by “clean eating” ___21___ (double) in the past three years. “They develop particular habits, or won’t eat food when walking, because they think that food can only be eaten when they ___22___ (seat),” she said.
Clean eating is promoted by some food bloggers, who are increasingly thought by a number of medical experts to be having a bad influence on young people today. “Young people lose this and cannot afford the lifestyle needed to follow it,” Lambert said. Health bloggers ___23___ not have enough knowledge but offer dangerous advice. These people are now role models ___24___ word will inspire young people. I have clients who think they have to be a strict vegetarian to be successful. The extreme form of this is known as orthorexia nervosa (健康食品强迫症).
Ursula Philpot, a dietitian at the British Dietetic Association, said, “It is difficult to blame them completely. If it weren’t the bloggers, then it could be ___25___ else. Orthorexia affects more girls than boys, although boys are much more affected than girls.” Philpot said, “At the top of most people’s lists of bad foods includes gluten (麸质) and dairy. ___26___ you talk to young people more, you will find some of them worry all day about eating a biscuit.”
The condition starts out as an attempt ___27___ (eat) more healthily, but those who experience it fully focus on food quality and purity. “There may be several reasons for someone to take up clean eating,” Philpot said. “Eating disorders are serious mental illnesses and their causes are complex. Research is telling us that they may be more biologically based than we thought, ___28___ social and environmental factors also play a part in their development.”
Deanne Jade, the founder of the National Centre for Eating Disorders, said, “A lot of young people don’t think they need treatment and there are too many messages in the media. What worries me is that a lot of people ___29___ (promote) these ideas have no knowledge of nutrition. I don’t know what the solution is, but in many cases, getting people to recover from an eating disorder means ___30___ (get) them to relax their ideas about clean eating.”
【答案】21. has doubled
22. are seated
23. may / might
24. whose 25. someone
26. When / If
27. to eat 28. but/ although / though
29. promoting
30. getting
【解析】
本文为说明文。许多人有食品博客但可能专业知识不足，常提一些危险性的建议，这对青年人来说有鼓动性。这些食品博客提倡“净化饮食”，最初是为了尽量更健康地饮食。但越来越多的医学专家认为“净化饮食”对当今的年轻人有不良影响。在过去三年中，由“净化饮食”引起的饮食失调人数翻了一番。想让人们从饮食失调中恢复过来就意味着让他们放松对净化饮食的看法。
【21题详解】
考查语境及谓语动词的时态。句意：在过去的三年里，由“净化饮食”引起的饮食不良的人数翻了一番。根据时间状语“in the past three years”可知，本句要用现在完成时，故填has doubled。
【22题详解】
考查谓语动词的时态及语态。句意：他们养成了特殊的习惯，或者走路时不吃东西，因为他们认为只有坐着才能吃东西。本句中的seat的用法为“seat sb.”，意为“使某人坐着”，也可用sb. be seated，意为“某人是坐着的”，表状态。分析句子可知，本句的主语是they，是复数，故要用are seated。
【23题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：健康博客可能没有足够的知识，但提供一些有危险的建议。分析语境可知，此处是指一种可能性，因此可以填 may / might。
【24题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这些人现在是年轻人行为榜样，他们的话会激励年轻人。分析句子可知，本句是定语从句，句中的role models是先行词，在定语从句中作主语word的定语，人的/物的，都要用whose，故填whose。
【25题详解】
考查不定代词。句意：如果不是博主，那么可能是其他的某个人。根据上一句“如果不是博主”的话，那么可能是其他的某个人（someone），故填 someone。
【26题详解】
考查连词。句意：如果你多和年轻人交谈，你会发现他们中的一些人会整天担心吃饼干。分析语境可知，此处是指条件状语，故可选if。也可指时间状语，因此也可填when，故填When / If 。
【27题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：这种情况开始于试图吃的更健康，但那些这样做的人却把注意力集中在食物的质量和纯度上。an attempt to do…为固定用法，意为“做……的试图”，要用动词不定式，故填 to eat。
【28题详解】
考查连词。句意：研究者告诉我们，它们可能比我们想象的更基于生物学，但社会和环境因素也在它们的发展中起着一定的作用。分析前后两句可知是转折关系，故可填but/ although / though。
【29题详解】
考查非谓语作主语。句意：令我担心的是，许多宣传这些想法的人对营养知识一无所知。分析句子可知，本句中的promote these ideas在表语从句中作主语，动词不能作主语，要用动名词作主语，故填promoting。
【30题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：但在许多情况下，让人们从饮食失调中恢复过来就意味着让他们放宽对净化饮食的看法。mean doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“意味着”。故本空填 getting。

Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A recent troubling study showed that “fake news” spread significantly faster, deeper and more broadly than the truth, and the effect is even more remarkable when regarding news as opposed to reporting on natural disasters, finance or science. So how can we encourage individuals to seek ___31___ online content? Leading scholars are trying hard to deal with this question.
Processing new information requires a considerable mental effort, especially when that information seems to conflict with your ___32___ worldview. It takes the ___33___ to admit you may be wrong. But with a great amount of conflicting information available, who’s to say what’s actually true and what’s false? If you can’t tell, why not just make life easy and go with what supports your current beliefs?
So what ___34___ do we have? Many suggest that we can ___35___ the issue by reforming adult behavior, but this is aiming too far from source. An alternative solution is using early education to help individuals recognize these problems and ___36___ critical thinking to the information they deal with. Currently, there is a push in the US to include Internet information classes into primary and secondary school curriculums. The movement, which has received some support, aims to make fact-checking seem like second ___37___ to individuals at an early age.
Primary and secondary school are ___38___ to be supplying students with the skills they need to develop into productive and informed members of our society. As our society develops, the curriculum we are teaching our students needs to develop as well.
The Internet is an amazing tool, but to use it most effectively we have to accept its benefits while also understanding the ways in which it makes us dangerously ___39___. If students are still learning the practices such as writing in school, shouldn’t they be learning how to ___40___ the Internet responsibly as well?
【答案】31. C 32. E
33. K 34. G
35. J 36. A
37. H 38. B
39. I 40. D
【解析】
本文为说明文。最近的一项令人不安的研究表明，随着网络的发展，“假新闻”传播的速度、深度和广度都大大超过了真相。因此我们要鼓励个人寻找精确的在线内容。这就需要我们开动脑筋进行筛选，从小通过早期教育人们培养批判性的思维方式，把追求事实看作是人的第二本性。中小学要为学生提供发展必要的技能，才能让人们有效地，有鉴别地运用网络。
【31题详解】
考查形容词作定语。根据上文说，最近的假新闻比事实传播的更快、最广泛，因此要鼓励人们寻找“正确的”在线内容，由此可知，此处地选accurate，故选C。
【32题详解】
考查形容词作定语。分析语意可知，此处是指“处理新信息需要相当大的脑力劳动，尤其是当这些信息似乎与你目前的世界观相冲突时”。existing 意为“目前的，现存的”，符合语境，因此此处选E。
【33题详解】
考查名词。句意：尤其是当这些信息似乎与你目前现有的世界观相冲突时。承认你可能错了需要你是自愿的。分析选项可知willingness意为“自愿，乐意”，故选 K。
【34题详解】
考查名词。根据后面的“Many suggest…An alternative solution is using early education …”可知，那么我们有什么选择呢？ alternative意为“可供选择的”对应着名词“option（选择）”，故选G。
【35题详解】
考查动词。句意：许多人认为，我们可以通过改变成年人的行为来解决（address）这个问题，但这与我们的初衷相去甚远。而address 意为“解决”，故选J 。
【36题详解】
考查语境及固定搭配。句意：另一种解决方案是利用早期教育帮助个人认识这些问题，并将批判性思维应用于他们所处理的信息。apply…to…为固定搭配，意为“把……应用于……”，故本空填apply，选A。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：这项运动得到了一些支持，其目的是让事实调查能力成为人们小时候的第二天性。分析语境可知，此处是指人的天性或本性，故填 nature ，选H。
【38题详解】
考查语境及固定搭配。句意：中小学应该为学生提供他们必要的技能，使他们成为我们社会富有成效和见多识广的社会成员。句中的be supposed to do…为固定搭配，意为“应该做某事”，故本空填supposed，选 B。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：互联网是一个神奇的工具，但要最有效地使用它，我们必须接受它的好处，同时也要理解它使我们处于危险的敏感状态的方式。此处是指“须谨慎对待的；敏感的”，故填sensitive ，即选I。
【40题详解】
考查语境及名词。句意：如果学生们还在学习诸如在学校写作之类的实践，他们不也应该学习如何负责任地使用互联网吗？分析句子可知，此处是指“使用”，所以填consume（意为使用，消费），故选 D。

III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
People hold different views on almost anything, mainly because of the culture we are familiar with or the education we have received. We live in a ___41___ world where people are quick to point out the faults and imperfections of others, yet seem unaware of their own. Some misguided souls believe they have a duty to help you to be a better person by telling you what a failure you really are first and then offering suggestions as to how you can improve.
So what is the possible solution to ___42___? If you are the one forcing others to feel ___43___ themselves, STOP. Make a conscious decision rather than ___44___ the negative aspect of a person’s performance or attitudes. You’ll offer helpful suggestions from the beginning. If I’m painting our living room and ___45___ in doing so, I would like my husband to say to me, “This is a tough job. Can I offer a suggestion that might make it easier for you?” rather than have him point out what a ___46___ painter I am and then tell me how I should be doing it.
If you are on the ___47___ end of criticism, the “OK” response is a perfect solution. When someone comments negatively on a task you are doing or a personality issue of yours, a(n) ___48___ response is to defend and attack. However, this approach is rarely effective as it puts both parties on the ___49___. Instead, simply reply with “OK”. This brief one-word response ___50___ the other person’s comment without agreeing with it or feeling necessary to engage in a debate about it.
It is important to remain emotionally attached to what the other person is saying, to listen without feeling, to be a(n) ___51___ observer. In fact, there is much that one can learn from a ___52___ review. You can ask yourself: Did I make a mistake? Could I have done better? Did I give 100% of myself to the task at hand? If so, how can I improve myself? As for chronic (习惯性的) criticizers: It is important to set strict boundary with them. Remove yourself from their ___53___ when necessary.
___54___, one can learn to be “OK” with criticism and not allow it to negatively impact your life or relationship with the other party. Examine it for any potential ___55___, and then let it go and just be “OK”.
41. A. dependent B. judgmental C. selfish D. creative
42. A. criticism B. imperfection C. failure D. unawareness
43. A. devoted to B. connected with C. ashamed of D. concerned about
44. A. turn down B. get rid of C. cover up D. focus on
45.
A. making a mess B. asking for trouble
C. having fun D. offering a helpful hand
46. A. considerate B. careless C. humble D. modest
47. A. forcing B. receiving C. criticizing D. advising
48. A. avoidable B. meaningless C. extreme D. natural
49. A. impolite B. dangerous C. defensive D. regretful
50. A. ignores B. acknowledges C. eliminates D. declines
51. A. active B. initiative C. creative D. objective
52. A. reasonable B. agreeable C. negative D. instructive
53. A. praise B. presence C. comment D. help
54. A. In any case B. On the contrary C. To begin with D. For instance
55. A. harm B. conflict C. obstacle D. truth
【答案】41. B 42. A 43. C 44. D 45. A 46. B 47. B 48. D 49. C 50. B 51. D 52. C 53. B 54. A 55. D
【解析】
本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述我们生活在一个爱妄下判断的世界，人们往往喜欢对别人评头论足，然后就如何改进提出建议。这时 “Ok” 就是对他们问题的一个完美回答，这只是承认了他的不好的评论，而不是赞同它或觉得有必要参与辩论。但我们要从这些负面评论中学习、提高自我。记住：在任何情况下，你都可以学会接受批评，但不要让批评对你的生活或与对方的关系产生负面影响。
【41题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. dependent依赖的；B. judgmental评判的，爱妄下判断的；C. selfish自私的；D. creative有创造性的。根据空后的“_1__world where people are quick to point out the faults and imperfections of others, yet seem unaware of their own.”可知，我们生活在一个“评判的（judgmental）” 他人的世界，故选B。
【42题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. criticism 批评，鉴定，审定；B. imperfection不完美；C. failure失败；D. unawareness无意识。根据下文的语境可知，此处是指“对于批评的（criticism）可能解决办法是什么？”，故选A。
【43题详解】
考查短语辨析。A. devoted to专心于……，忠于……；B. connected with与……连接；C. ashamed of以…..为耻；D. concerned about关心……。根据第3小题后面的“STOP. Make a conscious decision rather than ___4___ the negative aspect of a person’s performance or attitudes”，即“让人们不要这样做”，由此可知，如果你是一个迫使别人为自己感到羞耻的（ashamed of）那个人的话，…那么就不要这样做了。故选C。
【44题详解】
考查语境及动词短语辨析。 A. turn down 拒绝；B. get rid of 摆脱；C. cover up掩饰；D. focus on关注于……；对……注意。此处是指“做决定而不是关注（focus on）于一个人表现或态度的消极方面，故选D。
【45题详解】
考查语境及动词短语辨析。A. making a mess制造混乱，搞得一团精髓；B. asking for trouble自找麻烦；C. having fun玩的愉快；D. offering a helpful hand主动伸出援手。根据上文说不要专注于人的不好的一面，接着以粉刷客厅为例，就是表达“粉刷客厅并把事情搞的一团糟（making a mess）时，……”故选A。
【46题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. considerate 体贴的；B. careless粗心的；C. humble谦逊的；D. modest谦虚的，适中的。根据上下文的语境可知，此处是指“与其让他指出我是个多么粗心大意的（careless）粉刷匠，不如告诉我该怎么做。”故选B。
【47题详解】
考查语境及动词辨析。A. forcing迫使；B. receiving收到，接收；C. criticizing批评；D. advising广告。此处是指“如果你是在受批评（即接受批评），那么“OK”的回答是一个完美的解决方案。故选B。
【48题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. avoidable可回避的；B. meaningless无意义的；C. extreme极端的；D. natural天然的，自然的。此处是指“当有人对你正在做的一项任务或你的个性问题发表负面评论时，一种自然的（natural）反应是防卫和攻击”，故选D。
【49题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. impolite不礼貌的；B. dangerous危险的；C. defensive防守的，辩护的自卫的；D. regretful后悔的。根据第8小题前后的“When someone comments negatively on a task you are doing or a personality issue of yours_8___response is to defend and attack.”可知，此处是“因为它使双方处于防御（defensive）状态”，故选C。
【50题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. ignores忽略；B. acknowledges承认，感激；C. eliminates排除；D. declines下降，拒绝。此处是指“相反，只需回答‘OK’。这个简短的一个字的回答承认（acknowledges）了其他人的评论，而不是赞同它或觉得有必要参与辩论。”故选B。
【51题详解】
考查形容词辨析。 A. active积极的；B. initiative自发的，初步的；C. creative创造性的；D. objective客观的。此处是指“重要的是情感上重视听对方的话，不带情绪地倾听，做一个客观的（objective）观察者。”故选D。
【52题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. reasonable合理的；B. agreeable惬意的； C. negative负面的，消极的；D. instructive教育性的。根据后面的反思“Did I make a mistake? Could I have done better?”可知，此处是指“事实上，从负面（negative）评论中可以学到很多东西”。故选C。
【53题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. praise赞扬；B. presence出席，在场；C. comment评论；D. help帮助。根据后面的“与给你负面评论的人要用严格的界限”可知，必要时远离他们（即离开他们在场（presence）的地方）。故选B。
【54题详解】
考查短语辨析。A. In any case在任何情况下，无论如何；B. On the contrary正相反C. To begin with首先；D. For instance例如。根据上下文的语境可知“无论如何（in any case），你都可以学会接受批评，不要让批评对你的生活或与对方的关系产生负面影响”，故选A。
【55题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. harm危害；B. conflict 冲突；C. obstacle障碍；D. truth事实，真相。此处是指“检查它是否有任何潜在的真相（truth），然后忘记它，只是‘Ok’。”故选D。

Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Being able to land safely is a critically important skill for all flying animals. Comparatively speaking, ground living animals face no particular challenge when they need to stop running or crawling, while flying animals move at much higher speed, and they must be careful about how they land. Hitting the ground, or even water, at full flight speed would be quite dangerous. Before touching down, they must decrease their speed in order to land safely. Both bats and birds have mastered the skill of landing, but these two types of flyers go about it quite differently.
In the past it was believed that, in terms of flying mechanics, there was little difference between bats and birds. This belief was based only on assumption, however, because for years nobody had actually studied in detail how bats move their wings. In recent years, though, researchers have discovered a number of interesting facts about bat flight. Bats are built differently from birds, and their wings are made up of both their front and hind limbs (肢体). This makes coordinating (协调) their limbs more difficult for bats and, as a result, they are not very good at flying over longer distances. However, they are much better at the ability to adjust themselves: a bat can quickly change its direction of flight or completely reverse it, something a bird cannot easily do.
Another interesting characteristic of bat flight is the way in which bats land-upside down! Unlike birds which touch down on the ground or on tree branches, bats can be observed flying around and then suddenly hanging upside down from an object overhead. One downside to this landing routine is that the bats often land with some force, which probably causes pain. However, not all bats hit their landing spots with the same speed and force; these will vary depending on the area where a bat species makes its home. For example, a cave bat, which regularly lives on a hard stone ceiling, is more careful about its landing preparation than a bat more accustomed to landing in leafy treetops.
56. Which of the following is the topic of the passage?
A. Places where flying animals choose to land.
B. Why scientists have difficulty observing bats.
C. Differences in the eating habits of bats and birds.
D. Ways in which bats move differently from birds.
57. Which of the following is a false assumption about bats that was recently corrected?
A. They cannot hear any sound. B. They sleep upside down.
C. They fly similarly to birds. D. They hide in tree branches.
58. The word “it” (in 2nd paragraph) probably refers to “______”.
A. the distance to the nets B. the sense of flying height
C. the flying direction D. the ability to change the speed
59. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. Bats might hurt themselves when landing.
B. Bats can hang upside down like birds.
C. Bats can adjust speed before landing.
D. Bats and birds land in different ways.
【答案】56. D 57. C 58. C 59. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文为议论文。本文主要用研究事实来证明蝙蝠在飞行及运动方式与鸟类完全不同。以前人们认为蝙蝠和鸟类在运动方面没有什么区别，但现在的研究证明蝙蝠的构造不同于鸟类，它们的翅膀由前肢和后肢组成，它们自我调节能力好，可迅速改变飞行方向，或完全逆行，这是鸟类不容易做到的，而且蝙蝠飞行的另一个有趣特征是蝙蝠倒立着降落的！这不同于那些降落在地上或树枝上的鸟。
【56题详解】
主旨大意题。第一段最后“Both bats and birds have mastered the skill of landing, but these two types of flyers go about it quite differently.”提出了蝙蝠与鸟的降落方式及飞行的不同。第二段用研究证明过去认为蝙蝠和鸟类在飞行运动方面没有什么区别是错误的。尤其是最后一句“they are much better at the ability to adjust themselves: a bat can quickly change its direction of flight or completely reverse it, something a bird cannot easily do”可知蝙蝠与鸟的运动不同。第三段“.Another interesting characteristic of bat flight is the way in which bats land-upside down! Unlike birds which touch down on the ground or on tree branches,…”再一次说明了蝙蝠与鸟运动方式的不同。综上所述，可知，蝙蝠与鸟运动方式的不同是本文的主题。故选D。
【57题详解】
推理判断题。第二段 “In the past it was believed that, in terms of flying mechanics, there was little difference between bats and birds. This belief was based only on assumption, however, because for years nobody had actually studied in detail how bats move their wings…This makes coordinating (协调) their limbs more difficult for bats and, as a result, they are not very good at flying over longer distances.”可推断出，过去人们认为蝙蝠与鸟在飞行运动方式与鸟没有区别，最近的研究发现，这是不正确的，故也是要纠正的，故选C。
【58题详解】
猜测词义题。划线部分的上下文说“蝙蝠在自我调节的能力上要好得多：蝙蝠可以迅速改变飞行方向，或者完全与它（正飞行方向）相反的方向飞行，这是鸟不容易做到的。”由此可知，此处的“it”指的是飞行的方向。分析选项可知C项正确。
【59题详解】
推断判断题。根据第三段中的“Another interesting characteristic of bat flight is the way in which bats land-upside down! Unlike birds which touch down on the ground or on tree branches, bats can be observed flying around and then suddenly hanging upside down from an object overhead. One downside to this landing routine is that the bats often land with some force, which probably causes pain.”可知，蝙蝠飞行的另一个有趣特征是蝙蝠倒立着降落的方式！不同于那些降落在地上或树枝上的鸟，观察到蝙蝠可以四处飞行，然后突然倒挂在头顶的物体上。这种降落方式的一个缺点是蝙蝠经常用力降落，这可能会导致疼痛。因此蝙蝠与鸟不同，蝙蝠可以倒挂着。分析选项可知B正确。
【点睛】找出主题句，抓住文章主线和关键词语，归纳文章中心。要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句暗含在句中。阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。
如第1小题属于主旨大意题题目为“1. Which of the following is the topic of the passage?”。第一段最后“Both bats and birds have mastered the skill of landing, but these two types of flyers go about it quite differently.”提出了蝙蝠与鸟的降落方式及飞行的不同。第二段一用研究证明过去认为蝙蝠和鸟类在飞行运动方面没有什么区别是错误的。尤其是最后一句“they are much better at the ability to adjust themselves: a bat can quickly change its direction of flight or completely reverse it, something a bird cannot easily do”可知蝙蝠与鸟的运动不同。第三段“.Another interesting characteristic of bat flight is the way in which bats land-upside down! Unlike birds which touch down on the ground or on tree branches,…”再一次说明了蝙蝠与鸟运动方式的不同。综上所述，可知，蝙蝠与鸟运动方式的不同是本文的主题。故选D。

(B)

What is a TEDx event?
TEDx brings the spirit of TED’s mission of “ideas worth spreading” to local communities around the globe. A TEDx event is a local gathering where live TED-like talks and videos previously recorded at TED conferences are shared with a community. TEDx events are fully planned and coordinated independently, on a community-by-community basis. All TEDx events present multiple issues and a diversity of voices from many disciplines. After all, what’s the fun without a little variety?
If you want to organize a TEDx event, you’ll need to apply for a TEDx license. No one is qualified to organize an event without being granted a license by TED.
So you want to organize a TEDx event?
Before you start you should know the TEDx rules, which are non-negotiable and mandatory.
General rules
* We value and welcome young organizers, but if you’re under 18 years old, you must be supervised by an adult. TED doesn’t grant licenses to individuals associated with controversial or extremist organizations.
* TED allocates one location-based license series per application. You must live in the city for which you are applying for a license. Your TEDx event must happen in the city for which you received the license.
* Your event must maintain the spirit of TED itself: focused on the power of ideas to change attitudes or lives. Your event may not exceed (超过) one day in length.
* Up to 100 individuals may attend your event. Only individuals who have attended an official TED conference may organize an event with more than 100 attendees. Having attended one or multiple TEDx events or TEDWomen does not qualify you to host an event for more than 100 guests.
* TEDx events are named after locations, such as cities, neighborhoods, streets etc., and aim to serve that named community. Event names must comply with the guideline laid out in naming your event.
Special attentions
※ A TEDx event is not a platform for professional speakers such as motivational speakers and professional life coaches. Its purpose is to give a platform to those who don’t often have one.
※ A TEDx event cannot be used to raise money, not even for a charity.
※ A TEDx event can’t be co-branded with an institution except under specific license types – for a college or university, or for internal events (for corporations and organizations).
※ TEDx events may not be used to promote spiritual or religious beliefs, commercial products or any kind of political agenda.
※ Every TEDx event either shows only TED Talk videos to its audience, or shows both TED Talk videos and live speakers from the community. For events less than half a day in length, two TED Talks videos are required to be shown. For longer events, 25% of the total number of talks must be official TED Talk videos.


60. What do we know from the first part of the passage?
A. TED organization is not responsible for TEDx events.
B. TEDx is TED-like but it is operated independently.
C. People can give TEDx speeches under no conditions.
D. TEDx speeches should follow a single topic principle.
61. According to the General rules, a TEDx event organizer should ______.
A. extend the event to one day B. hold a TED event first
C. name the event after locations D. host the event in different cities
62. Which of the following people may be allowed to make a TEDx speech?
A. A member of a volunteer group who wants to collect money for the war victims.
B. A college student who wants to advocate the use of green and renewable energy.
C. A CEO in a high-tech industry who wants to popularize its newest product.
D. A professional speaker who wants to motivate people with successful stories.
【答案】60. B 61. C 62. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文为说明文。文章主要叙述了什么是TEDx，以及TEDx与TED的相同点与不同点。还介绍了如何组织一个TEDx活动的规则及注意事项等。
【60题详解】
推理判断题。第一部分中的“TEDX x=independently organized TED event”可知，TEDx就是独立运行的TED。在下文中叙述了TEDx传播了TED的理念， TEDx活动是一个本地的聚会，在那里一个社区可以分享以前在TED会议上录制的类似TED的现场演讲和视频。但TEDx活动是完全独立规划和协调的。如果你想组织一个TEDx活动，你需要申请一个TEDx许可证。未经TED许可，任何人都无权组织活动。由此可知，TEDx与TED类似，但它是独立运行的，分析选项可知B正确。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二部分So you want to organize a TEDx event?的最后一段的第5小点“TEDx events are named after locations, such as cities, neighborhoods, streets etc”可知，“TEDx活动以地点命名，如城市、社区、街道等。”分析选项可知，C项符合题意，故选C。
【62题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Special attentions”部分中第2小点“TEDX活动不能用于筹款，甚至不能用于慈善活动”可知A错误的。第4小点 “TEDx活动不得用于宣传精神类的或宗教信仰、商业产品或任何政治议程”，可知C和D是错误的。根据第3小点“A TEDx event can’t be co-branded with an institution except under specific license types – for a college or university ”可知，“有特定的授权类型——如学院或大学”是可以的，以及第一部分中的“TEDx brings the spirit of TED’s mission of “ideas worth spreading” to local communities around the globe”可知，TEDx将TED传播“值得传播的理念”的精神理念的。因此B项中的“一个希望提倡使用绿色和可再生能源的大学生”是可以做演讲的，故选B。
【点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。细节理解是指原文提到了某事，某种现象或理论，题干一般针对原文具体叙述的事情本身提问。一般包括直接理解题（在原文中直接找到答案，常用why/what/when/who/how等提问）。语意转化题（需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换，两者存在着表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工整理后方能得出结论）、数字计算题，排列顺序题、图表图画题等。抓住文章中的事实和细节是做好该类题的关键，也是做好其他类题的基础。如第2小题就是属于细节理解题。根据第二部分So you want to organize a TEDx event?的最后一段的第5小点“TEDx events are named after locations, such as cities, neighborhoods, streets etc”可知，“TEDx活动以地点命名，如城市、社区、街道等，旨在服务于该命名社区。”分析选项可知，C项符合题意，故选C。

(C)
In an industry with low margins (利润) where the traditional wisdom is led by Walmart, the key to success is lowering operating costs. A big part of those costs are in labor, so it is no surprise that the retail industry has been a leader in using more part-time workers to keep labor costs down, holding the line on wages, not training, and with few exceptions, seeing employees as a cost to be minimized. There is no doubt that these businesses fight for every dollar of margin. Unlike trend-leading hi-tech companies which spend a lot of money on employees to get them innovated, retail industry can spend very limited money on their employees.
What researchers found was that companies were often staffing their stores far too low, and that many stores tended to perform better with higher staffing levels and were more profitable. Let’s let that sink in for a minute. The stores were making more money (with all other things being equal) when they spent more on employees.
They also found that retailers didn’t do a very good job when staffing levels are just the actual demand in those stores. In fact, they set staffing levels identically across stores, even when the needs of the stores varied considerably. The average store did not appear to be understaffed, but there were enough that were understaffed and effect on overall company profitability was substantial.
Interestingly, the same researchers persuaded the retail chain to run an experiment with them and slightly raise staffing levels to the amount that their analysis of historical data suggests would be ideal. Yes, labor costs obviously jumped when they did that, but so did profits. In retail, labor is a small percentage of costs—the biggest part is the cost of the products they sell. So, the net effect was an increase in profits of $7.4 million across 168 stores on an annual basis.
What can we learn from this? One question worth thinking of is: How can traditional retail industry survive the increasingly severe market? Especially now with the growth of online retail, the one thing stores still have going for them is one to one customer contact with salespeople. If retailers cut that down to almost nothing, then they have effectively eliminated their competitive advantage against online stores.
63. In the first paragraph, Walmart is mentioned to indicate that ______.
A. Walmart is suffering a low return on investments
B. Walmart is followed by companies in controlling costs
C. Walmart well balances investments and profits
D. Walmart should considerably cut costs on its employees
64. According to the passage, which of the following is true about retail industry?
A. It focuses on lowering costs of employees.
B. It intends to over staff employees in the stores.
C. It attempts to maintain high income for the employees.
D. It invents a large sum of money on staff training.
65. What can we learn from the researchers’ experiment?
A. It’s acceptable to have equal staffing levels across stores.
B. Understaffing helps the stores to operate profitably.
C. Profitability has nothing to do with staffing.
D. A little over the standard staffing proved to be profitable.
66. Which of the following would the author probably agree with?
A. For retail industry, cutting product costs is the priority.
B. Online retail industry should staff more precisely to be competitive.
C. Investment on employees is potentially profitable for retail industry.
D. Staffing control is an effective way for retail industry to make profits.
【答案】63. B 64. A 65. D 66. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文为说明文。零售业往往利用降低员工的工资成本来降低运营成本，获得更大的利润。而实验证明，稍微提高了员工薪水，利润也会上升了，是有利可图的。因为在零售业中劳动力成本只占成本的一小部分，其中最大的部分是他们销售产品的成本。对劳动成本的投入对零售业来说是有可能带来利润的。
【63题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的第一句“In an industry with low margins (利润) where the traditional wisdom is led by Walmart, the key to success is lowering operating costs.”可知，在降低运营成本方面，沃尔玛处于领先地位。也就是说其它的公司就是效仿沃尔玛的。分析选项可知B项符合题意，故选B。
【64题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“so it is no surprise that the retail industry has been a leader in using more part-time workers to keep labor costs down, holding the line on wages, not training, and with few exceptions, seeing employees as a cost to be minimized.”及最后一句“retail industry can spend very limited money on their employees”可知，零售业的重点是降低员工成本。分析选项可知A符合题意，故选A。
【65题详解】
推理判断题。第四段“Interestingly, the same researchers persuaded the retail chain to run an experiment with them and slightly raise staffing levels to the amount that their analysis of historical data suggests would be ideal. Yes, labor costs obviously jumped when they did that, but so did profits”可知，在实验中零售连锁店将员工人数略微提高到他们对历史数据分析所表明的理想水平，劳动力成本明显上升，但是利润也随之上涨了，由此可知，稍微提高了劳动成本证明是有利可图的，故选D。
【66题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的实验可知，在实验中零售连锁店略微提高了员工的人数时，劳动力成本明显上升，但是利润也上升了。在零售业，劳动力成本只占成本的一小部分，其中最大的部分是他们销售产品的成本。由此可知，对员工的投入对于零售业来说是有可能带来利润的。分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。
【点睛】推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。
如第3小题属于推理判断题。第四段“Interestingly, the same researchers persuaded the retail chain to run an experiment with them and slightly raise staffing levels to the amount that their analysis of historical data suggests would be ideal. Yes, labor costs obviously jumped when they did that, but so did profits”可知，在实验中零售连锁店略微提高了员工的薪水时，劳动力成本明显上升，但是利润也上升了，由此可知，稍微提高了员工薪水证明是有利可图的，故选D。
推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。

Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
College graduation eventually means taking much of your attention in your first job search. This process can be challenging, especially for those students who had thought very carefully about their chosen major and their potential career path—or those who majored in a field not directly connected to a specific career he eventually got. If you are in one of these groups, fear not! ___67___
Some majors are tied directly to specific career fields. For example, if you wish to become a teacher, you will likely have needed to complete an education program and eventually sit for a licensing exam. The same applies to majors in nursing. If you did not complete an acceptable nursing program, you won’t be able to take the nursing licensing exam. ___68___
Other majors, however, are closely related to career paths but don’t necessarily require a degree in the area. For example, students who majored in finance, math, or statistics may also have the necessary skills to be hired as an accountant.
Hopefully, as a college student, you were able to do more than just attend classes and read your course books. Your non-academic experiences can be very influential on your future career as well. Did you work during college, volunteer, or participate in a club or organization?
___69___ If you volunteered with a non-profit organization such as a homeless or domestic violence shelter, seek out positions in social services related to case management or victim advocacy. You may qualify for a position regardless of your major.
Although it often seems like your college major alone determines your career fate, this just isn’t the case. ____70____ If you don’t know what career options to consider based on your major, talk to your faculty or academic advisor. You may be surprised at what opportunities await!
A. If so, and if you enjoyed these activities, seek out related careers.
B. In these cases, successfully completing a specific major is crucial to landing a job in the matching field.
C. Graduating from a university with an excellent major and practical ability will surely make you more competitive.
D. It may influence it, but there are other factors that influence your career options as well.
E. The more you learn about workforce market, the better you’ll know the importance of a desired major.
F. Although your major and coursework are relevant to landing a job, they are not the only deciding factors.
【答案】67. F 68. B
69. A 70. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文为论说文。大学生毕业后找工作很具有挑战性。尤其是那些对所选专业及其可能选择的职业非常在意的学生，或者那些所学专业与他最终获得的具体职业没有直接联系的学生。尽管你所学的专业和课程与所找的工作有关，但并不是唯一的决定因素，决定你的职业不只是你大学所学的专业，还有其他因素也会影响你的职业选择。
【67题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空前的内容“找工作是个挑战，尤其对于那些所学的专业与他最终要做的职业没有直接联系的学生。如果你是这些团体中的一员，不要害怕”，可知对于这样的一群人来说不害怕是因为“所学的专业和课程并不是唯一的找工作的决定因素”，分析选项可知F项（尽管你的专业和课程与找工作有关，但它们并不是唯一的决定因素）符合题意，故选F。
【68题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据本空格所在的段中心句“Some majors are tied directly to specific career fields.”可知，有些专业直接与特定的职业领域联系在一起。分析选项可知B项中有词a specific major与本段中心句复现。再根据后面的内容“例如没有护理专业的无法参加护理许可考试。在这种情况下，成功完成某个专业对于找到相匹配领域的工作至关重要”，可知B项（在这些情况下，成功完成某个专业对于在匹配领域找到工作至关重要）与此段的意义也是一致的。可知B项符合题意，故选B。
【69题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本小题是承上（文的内容）启下的（内容）。前面两段内容“然而，其他专业与选择的职业密切相关，但不一定需要该领域的学位。你的非学术经历也会对你未来的职业生涯产生很大影响，如志愿者活动等。如果喜欢这些活动的话，可寻找与之相关的职业。”分析选项可知A项（如果是这样，如果你喜欢这些活动，寻找与之相关的职业）符合题意，故选A。
【70题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据本空前的上一句“虽然看起来你的大学专业似乎决定你的职业命运，但事实并非如此。”根据转折连词although可知，与你的专业无关的其他因素也会影响你的职业选择的。分析选项可知D项（它可能会影响你的职业选择，但也有其他因素会影响你的职业选择）符合题意，故选D。
【点睛】七选五题型考察学生把握整篇文章布局和逻辑层次关系和把握微观信息间关联性这种题一般可从以下方面来做：
（1）看首段，跳过空格快速通读全篇，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构，分析篇章结构，了解文章大意。首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义。
（2）精读空格前后两句，利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格。七选五空出的是整个句子，可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。
（3）看选项，找出与空前空后句中心词同义，近义或相关性的词语。实现关键词的对接，先易后难，各个突破。通过阅读选项，有可能根据选项中的关键词找出正确选项。如第2小题，根据本空格所在的段中心句“Some majors are tied directly to specific career fields.”可知，有些专业直接与特定的职业领域联系在一起。分析选项可知B项中有词a specific major与本段中心句复现。再根据后面的内容“例如没有护理专业无法参加护理许可考试。在这种情况下，成功完成某个专业对于找到相匹配领域的工作至关重要”，可知B项（在这些情况下，成功完成某个专业对于在匹配领域找到工作至关重要）与此段的意义也是一致的。可知B项符合题意，故选B。
（4）解题的关键是能娴熟地利用各种衔接手段。尤其要注意代词，连词等。如表示转折关系的but，though,however 等。如第4小题，根据本空前的上一句“虽然看起来你的大学专业决定你的职业命运，但事实并非如此。”根据转折连词although可知，与你的专业无关的其他因素也会影响你的职业选择的。分析选项可知D项（它可能会影响你的职业选择，但也有其他因素会影响你的职业选择）符合题意，故选D。
最后，用代入法，检查答案是否合理，将所有选择答案放回空白处，通读全文，检查文章内容是否语义连贯合理、紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确．

IV. Summary Writing
71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Are you working with your computer routinely either as a office employee or a game lover? Are your eyes dry, watery, blurry, seeing double or sensitive to light? If your answer is a “yes”, you are likely one of many people today who suffer from digital eyestrain, also called computer-vision syndrome. What on earth is this syndrome coming from? What can we do to deal with this problem?
Eyestrain is often related to the amount of exposure to screens, the distance from eyes to screens and the use of multiple screens simultaneously. However, studies have also shown that the blue light produced by digital devices today reaches further into the eyes than other kinds of light. This light actually assists attention during the day but can result in interrupted sleep patterns at night.
Years of scientific researches indicate that eyestrain isn’t necessarily an unavoidable problem for those who deal with computer work in the daily base. There are ways you can adopt which can overcome the problem considerably. To begin with, your computer screen should be high-resolution (高分辨率), at least 50 centimeters wide diagonally and may require a screen filter to decrease reflections. Also, be aware that “computer glasses”, which cut down glare and blue light，are available.
Besides, to reduce your risk for computer-vision syndrome, take frequent breaks during your computer workday. Many workers take only two 15-minute breaks from their computer throughout their day. According to a recent study, eyestrain are significantly reduced when computer workers take four additional five-minute “mini-breaks” throughout their workday. Finally, many of us fall into bad habits while using digital screens, which only worsen the effects of eyestrain. While viewing digital screens, many people blink (眨眼) one third less often than they usually do. Place a reminder on your computer to “blink” so that your eyes don’t dry out.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Digital eyestrain is related to the amount of exposure to screens and the distance of the eyes to the screens. Scientists suggest we should use high-resolution screens and try to decrease reflections. Moreover, besides longer breaks, we should take more additional mini-breaks. Finally, remind ourselves to blink as much as possible to prevent our eyes from drying out.
【解析】
【分析】
本文为记叙文。文章对 “数码眼疲劳”也被称为“电脑视觉综合症”的症状、原因及如何避免进行了介绍。眼睛疲劳通常与接触屏幕的次数、眼睛与屏幕的距离以及同时使用多个屏幕有关。因为数字设备产生的蓝光导致眼睛干涩、模糊的、对光敏感等。研究发现眼疲劳是可避免的，首先要减少屏幕的反射，此外要经常休息或增加间隔休息时间，最后要提醒自己尽量多眨眼睛，以防眼睛干涩。
【详解】本文首先要概括出四段的大意。第一段介绍了什么是“Digital eyestrain”，也叫做“computer-vision syndrome”及其症状。第二段叙述眼睛疲劳的原因，即眼睛疲劳有关的内容，即与“Eyestrain is often related to the amount of exposure to screens, the distance from eyes to screens and the use of multiple screens simultaneously”这是确切的定义，可照搬。第三段和第四段主要叙述了如何避免眼疲劳，即尽量避免反射（try to decrease reflection.），多休息（longer breaks）以及提醒自己多眨眼（remind… to blink…），以防眼睛干涩(此句要用动词不定式来表示目的)。最后按照大意，用恰当的句式表达出来即可。在用英语句式表达时，要尽可能用自己的话，让句子灵活多变些。但句式一定要符合英语语言的要求，避免运用汉语式的英语。答案如下：
Digital eyestrain is related to the amount of exposure to screens and the distance of the eyes to the screens. Scientists suggest we should use high-resolution screens and try to decrease reflections. Moreover, besides longer breaks, we should take more additional mini-breaks. Finally, remind ourselves to blink as much as possible to prevent our eyes from drying out.

V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 这部有关拯救地球的科幻片的确值得一看。(worth)
______________________________________
73. 为了节约开支，我们决定自己做饭，不在饭店用餐。(instead of)
______________________________________
74. 他自幼接触中国文化，对书法和古典诗歌产生了浓厚的兴趣。(expose)
______________________________________
75. 垃圾分类有利环保，但要大规模推广还需克服许多难题。(beneficial)
______________________________________
【答案】72. This science fiction film about saving the Earth is indeed worth seeing.
73. (In order) to save money, we decided to cook by ourselves instead of eating in the restaurant.
74. He has been exposed to Chinese culture since childhood and developed a strong interest in calligraphy and classical poetry.
75. Garbage classification is beneficial to environmental protection, but there are still many problems to be overcome if it is to be carried out on a large scale.
【解析】
本大题用所给词的形式翻译英语句子。此种题首先要分析所给的汉语句意及所给的具体的词的用法，明确考核的要点，选择恰当的词语搭配。这不仅要用所给的语法项目进行恰当的翻译，同时还要注意翻译句子时要根据具体的语境。此外一定要避免汉语式的英语翻译。
【72题详解】
考查worth的用法。“某事值得做”为固定搭配，译为“ sth. be worth doing…”；而“科幻片”可译为“science fiction film”。因此本句可译为“This science fiction film about saving the Earth is indeed worth seeing”。
【73题详解】
考查固定搭配。instead of 为“代替，而不是”；“节约开支”在句中是目的，要用动词不定式“(in order) to save money”表达。因此此句可译为“(In order) to save money, we decided to cook by ourselves instead of eating in the restaurant”。
【74题详解】
考查固定搭配。“expose…to…”为固定搭配，意为“使……接触……；使……接触……”。“对……产生兴趣”可译为“develop a strong interest in…”。根据语境可知，本句的从句用since…，所以主句要用现在完成时，因此本句可译为： He has been exposed to Chinese culture since childhood and developed a strong interest in calligraphy and classical poetry。
【75题详解】
考查固定搭配。“有益于……”为固定搭配，可译为“be beneficial to…”；“推广，实施”可译为“carry out”。因此此句可译为：Garbage classification is beneficial to environmental protection, but there are still many problems to be overcome if it is to be carried out on a large scale。

VI. Guided Writing
76.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你们学校将对餐厅、图书馆、络 (School Net Work)进行改造。请你写信给校长，就其中你最关心的一个改造项目谈谈你的看法。
你的信中应包括:1.你认为需改造的项目目前有哪些不足； 2.你认为应如何改造并简要说说这样改造的好处。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 I’m a student of a school, I heard our school will transform restaurants, libraries, and school Net Work. Our school library provides good service for the teachers and students, but I think there are still some aspects to be improved.
First of all, many students do not know how to borrow and read books, so it’s necessary to give the students lectures about it. Secondly, with more and more students coming，the reading rooms in school libraries haven’t been enlarged, which can’t seat more students. It is suggested that the school should enlarge more. Finally, increase more opening time. Only after two classes on Fridays can the students have access to the library, which is unable to meet the students' need. I suggest that schools should be opened for half an hour after dinner
If the school improves in these areas, I believe that more students will benefit from it.
【解析】
【分析】
本文为应用说明文。针对学校将对餐厅、图书馆、络 (School Net Work)进行改造。请你写信给校长，就其中你最关心的一个改造项目谈谈你的看法。要注意时态的运用及文章字数的控制。
【详解】学校将对餐厅、图书馆、络进行改造，给校长写信，就其中最关心的一个改造项目谈谈你的看法。建议信是写信人向收信人对某事提出的建议和忠告。建议信可能是写给个人，也可能是写给某个组织或机构。信的内容要包括写信的原因，建议的内容，提出建议的理由。建议信要写得简明扼要、目的明确、具有合理性和说服力。本文首先要选择你最关心的一个改造，如对图书馆的改造最为关心。然后分三部分写作。文章的第一部分表明写作意图，简单介绍自己，注意语气委婉。第二部分先肯定改造前的优点，再写需要改进的地方或针对具体情况提出具体的建议或忠告。如give the students lectures on how to borrow and read books; enlarge more reading room; increase more opening time等，顺序连词如firstly, secondly, thirdly或to begin等，使文章表达的更有条理。第三部分对提出的建议进行总结。要注意语言要礼貌、易接受。
【点睛】本文内容完整，简明扼要、目的明确,语言礼貌，有说服力，易接受。文中运用了一些高级词汇如give the students lectures on how to borrow and read books; enlarge more reading room; increase more opening time，meet one’s need; have access to等，顺序连词如firstly, secondly, finally等，使文章的表达更有条理。文中运用了一些较高级的句型，如常用句式it’s necessary to give the students lectures about it；定语从句which can’t meet the students’ need和…；主语从句It is suggested that the school should enlarge more；倒装句Only after two classes on Fridays can the students have access to the library；及虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用I suggest that schools should be opened for half an hour after dinner。这使得整个文章更加丰富多彩。