2019届北京市海淀区高三4月期中练习（一模）英语试卷（解析版）

海淀区高三年级第二学期期中练习
英语试题
本试卷共10页，共120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题纸交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
Old Tom had four sons. He wanted them ___1___ (learn) not to judge things too quickly. So he sent them to look at an apple tree in different seasons. The first son went in winter, the second in spring, the third in summer, and the youngest in autumn. When they all came back, he called them together to describe ___2___ they had seen. The sons had different ___3___ (opinion). Tom then told them that they shouldn’t judge a tree, or a person, by only one season.
【答案】1. to learn
2. what/whatever
3. opinions
【解析】
本文是一篇故事。汤姆有四个儿子，为了让他们学会不要太快下结论，他让四个儿子在不同的季节去看苹果树，然后描述他们所看到的一切，结果四个儿子有各不相同的看法。最后，汤姆告诉他们，他们不应该只根据一个季节来判断一棵树或一个人。
【1题详解】
考查动词语法。动词want的用法为：want sb. to do sth.要(某人)做某事。句意：他想让他们学会不要急于下结论。故填to learn。
【2题详解】
考查名词性从句。宾语从句中，从句动词seen缺少宾语，故用what或whatever引导。句意：当他们都回来时，他把他们叫到一起，描述他们所看到的一切。故填what/whatever。
【3题详解】
考查名词数。名词opinion为可数名词，根据前面different修饰可知，用复数形式。句意：儿子们有不同的意见。故填opinions。
B
Everyone ___4___ (love) snow. But when school stays open despite the snow, it can be really annoying. However, there is one upside of going to school ___5___ a cold winter day: you might be smarter. So far, researchers who study the brain ___6___ (find) that cold temperatures make us think more quickly since messages travel faster among our brain cells. So the scientists say ___7___ (hang) out on a cold morning may boost the result of any test that day.
【答案】4. loves
5. on 6. have found
7. hanging
【解析】
本文是一篇科普类小短文。研究人员发现，寒冷的温度使我们思考得更快。
【4题详解】
考查时态。陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时。句意：每个人都喜欢下雪。故填loves。
【5题详解】
考查介词。在具体的某一天，用介词on。句意：然而，在一个寒冷的冬日去上学有一个好处：你可能会更聪明。故填on。
【6题详解】
考查时态。根据句中时间状语So far可知，这里用现在完成时。句意：到目前为止，研究大脑的研究人员已经发现，寒冷的温度使我们思考得更快。故填have found。
【7题详解】
考查非谓语动词。分析从句可知，宾语从句缺少主语，故用动名词作主语。句意：科学家们说，在寒冷的早晨外出走走可能会提高当天任何测试的结果。故填hanging。
C
A black hole is a spot in space that has ___8___ (power) gravity. Its gravity is so strong that it pulls everything nearby into it, stars, planets and other things. Black holes form when a star dies. When that happens, a huge amount of matter crowds into a very small space, ___9___ becomes very dense. Black holes ____10____ (talk) about in 1783 first. That year, one scientist said that in the universe, there might be places with strong gravity to trap light, although he didn’t use the term “black hole”.
【答案】8. powerful
9. which 10. were talked
【解析】
本文是一篇科普类小短文。文章主要介绍了黑洞的形成及词术语的提出。
【8题详解】
考查形容词。修饰名词gravity，前用形容词形式。句意：黑洞是太空中具有强大引力的一个点。故填powerful。
【9题详解】
考查定语从句。句中先行词为space，非限定性定语从句作主语，故用关系代词which引导。句意：当这种情况发生时，大量的物质聚集在一个非常小的空间里，这个空间变得非常密集。故填which。
【10题详解】
考查时态语态。根据时间状语in 1783可知用一般过去时。主语Black holes与动词talk之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。句意：黑洞最早是在1783年提出的。故填were talked。
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
My Perfect Imperfect Life
A few years ago, I was standing at the barre (扶手杠) waiting for my adult ballet class when I heard a voice behind me. “So, do you have this perfect life?”
My first reaction was to ___11___ who was being asked such an odd question. Then I remembered there were only two of us in the room. When I turned ___12___, the other woman was looking straight at me.
I had no idea how to answer it. Was she ___13___? Who has a perfect life? Sure, occasionally I did find the perfect dress or the perfect pair of shoes, ___14___ never would I use that word to describe anything about me or my life. I felt a twinge of guilt for somehow giving her that ___15___.
She watched me. I finally ___16___ to whisper a quick “No”.
By then, the teacher had entered the room and turned on the music to start class. With a sigh of ____17____, I moved my feet into the best position. But as soon as my knees bent for our first pose, I realized my ___18___ had been disturbed. This woman’s words wouldn’t ___19___ echoing in my thoughts.
I wanted to know how she came up with her very mistaken ___20___. If she knew anything about my life, she never would have had the ___21___ to ask me that question.
I did my best to do our floor exercises in front of the mirror. For a few moments, I didn’t see the usual ___22___ of my older self attempting to use a beautiful art form to ___23___ my gracefulness. I only saw the little girl whose father died when she was two, the child who walked home from elementary school every day to an empty house, who learned to sew her own clothes to ___24___ money.
Perfect. My life had been far from it.
When those memories ____25____, I was left with a vision of the woman I had become, the woman ___26___ by all those things I considered imperfect. I now saw the woman who had learned to be self-reliant, who ___27___ her family and her friends, who didn’t take life for granted. Was that the “perfect” this woman had detected?
I still don’t know, but I no longer feel ___28___ or feel like I must keep track of all the difficult times to prove my life isn’t ___29___. If ever again asked whether my life is perfect, I would have a different ___30___. Because now I see that, despite all its imperfection, it is.
11. A. notice B. understand C. wonder D. expect
12. A. up B. away C. over D. around
13. A. fair B. serious C. anxious D. wise
14. A. but B. or C. for D. and
15. A. intention B. instruction C. impression D. information
16. A. learned B. managed C. agreed D. planned
17. A. sadness B. surprise C. pleasure D. relief
18. A. concentration B. patience C. confidence D. effort
19. A. escape B. keep C. stop D. stand
20. A. idea B. advice C. reason D. theory
21. A. right B. urge C. excuse D. honor
22. A. reflection B. preference C. appearance D. expression
23. A. experience B. describe C. replace D. improve
24. A. collect B. earn C. spend D. save
25. A. faded B. failed C. floated D. flashed
26. A. buried B. shaped C. watched D. followed
27. A. changed B. welcomed C. valued D. protected
28. A. worried B. guilty C. cautious D. desperate
29. A. comfortable B. ordinary C. perfect D. meaningful
30. A. solution B. message C. approach D. answer
【答案】11. C 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. C 16. B 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. A 21. B 22. A 23. D 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者在等待上芭蕾课前一个女士问她“你的生活完美吗？”这样一个问题所带来的思考。
【11题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. notice注意；B. understand理解；C. wonder想知道；D. expect期望。我的第一反应是想知道是谁被问了这么奇怪的问题。故选C。
【12题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。turn up出现；turn away把……打发走；turn over移交；turn around转身。当我转过身时，另一个女人正直直地看着我。故选D。
【13题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. fair公平的；B. serious认真的；C. anxious渴望的；D. wise明智的。根据I had no idea how to answer it.可知，她是认真的吗?故选B。
【14题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。A. but但是；B. or或者；C. for因为；D. and和。分析前后句可知，前后句之间为转折关系。当然，偶尔我也会找到一件完美的衣服或一双完美的鞋子，但我绝不会用这个词来描述我或我的生活。故选A。
【15题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. intention目的；B. instruction教诲；C. impression印象；D. information信息。不知何故给了她那种印象，我感到一丝愧疚之情。故选C。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. learned学习；B. managed设法对付；C. agreed同意；D. planned计划。manage to do设法做成某事。最终，我终于轻轻地说了一声“不（完美）”。故选B。
【17题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. sadness难过；B. surprise惊讶；C. pleasure愉快；D. relief欣慰，放松。我松了一口气，把脚挪到最好的位置。故选D。
【18题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. concentration集中；专注；B. patience耐心；C. confidence自信；D. effort努力。我意识到我的注意力被扰乱了。故选A。
【19题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. escape逃离；B. keep保存；C. stop停止；D. stand容忍。这个女人的话不停地在我的脑海里回响。故选C。
【20题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. idea想法；B. advice建议；C. reason原因；D. theory理论。我想知道她是怎么想出这个大错特错的想法的。故选A。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. right权利；B. urge冲动；C. excuse借口；D. honor荣誉。如果她知道我的生活，她就不会有问我这个问题的冲动了。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. reflection倒影；B. preference优先；C. appearance外表；D. expression表达。有那么一会儿，我并没有像往常一样，看着老去的自己寻常的身影试图用一种美丽的艺术形式来提升自己的优雅。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. experience经历；B. describe描述；C. replace代替；D. improve提升。有那么一会儿，我并没有像往常一样，看着老去的自己寻常的身影试图用一种美丽的艺术形式来提升自己的优雅。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. collect收集；B. earn获得；C. spend花费；D. save节省。她学会了自己缝制衣服来省钱。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. faded褪色；B. failed失败；C. floated漂流；D. flashed闪现。当那些记忆褪去。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. buried埋葬；B. shaped塑造；C. watched观看；D. followed跟随。一个被我认为不完美的东西塑造的女人。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. changed改变；B. welcomed欢迎；C. valued珍惜；D. protected保护。我现在看到的是一个学会自立的女人，她珍惜家人和朋友，不把生活视为理所当然。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. worried担心的；B. guilty愧疚的；C. cautious小心的；D. desperate分开的。我仍然不知道，但我不再感到内疚。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. comfortable舒服的；B. ordinary普通的；C. perfect完美的；D. meaningful有意义的。根据后句If ever again asked whether my life is perfect可知，或者我觉得我必须记录下所有的艰难时刻来以证明我的生活并不完美。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. solution解决方法；B. message信息；C. approach方法；D. answer回答。如果再问我的生活是否完美，我会有一个不同的答案。故选D。
【点睛】解完形填空题时，我们需要上下文对照，单独看一句话是找不到正确答案的，需要读下句或者若干句才能明白。所谓上下对照，即在上文和下文中找到与正确答案相关的关键词。因此，在做题时要边读边大脑中储存上下文信息的能力，捕捉关键词。如小题4，就是根据前句Sure, occasionally I did find the perfect dress or the perfect pair of shoes, 当然，偶尔我也会找到一件完美的衣服或一双完美的鞋子和后句 never would I use that word to describe anything about me or my life. 我绝不会用这个词来描述我或我的生活，可知，前后句之间是转折关系，从而选出正确的答案。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
Ray Tokuda, a 54-year-old Japanese American, is proud of the title his school has given him. He is a Shifu, a Chinese word literally meaning a master, mentor or senior practioner of martial arts.

Tokuda has reason to be proud. He has been involved with Chinese martial arts for almost four decades. After learning them at the martial arts school in New Mexico State, today he is among the most experienced kung fu teachers of the school.
Practicing martial arts two to three hours and helping students improve their skills have become Tokuda’s daily routine. He expects to practice and teach martial arts for the rest of his life. “I’m still learning. It’s worth more than a lifetime to learn Chinese martial arts,” he said. “Once I started, I just couldn’t stop. I think it’s also the magic of Chinese culture.”
Tokuda was sent to the martial arts school when he was 10. He still remembers how unwilling he was when starting out. “My father had always wanted to learn Chinese martial arts but never got the chance, so he put his kid in,” he said. “I was so afraid at that time because I thought kung fu was all about fighting.”
But things changed after he learned that martial arts were more than punching and kicking.
“One of the things martial arts teach me is overcoming adversity,” Tokuda said. “As a little kid, my first lesson was like, oh, look, this is a thing that I can get through by diligence, perseverance（毅力）and dedication, and that was priceless for my life.”
Learning Chinese martial arts opened a gateway for him to better understand Chinese culture because he could hear a lot of ancient Chinese kung fu-related stories. “It is like in America, where we hear stories about knights in shining armor and King Arthur and noble deeds done,” he said. “I feel martial arts preserve something of ancient China that can’t be found in books. They are sort of an oral history.”
Tokuda has also been invited to various events in his home state to showcase traditional Chinese culture, including the dragon dance and lion dance, which he also learnt at the martial arts school. Because of this, he is now considered a cultural envoy (使者) in the eyes of the public.
31. Tokuda didn’t want to learn kung fu because he had thought it was __________.
A. practical B. magical
C. violent D. difficult
32. From the passage, what can we learn about Tokuda?
A. He learnt martial arts from his father.
B. He is the founder of the kung fu school.
C. He learnt from martial arts how to deal with difficulties.
D. He is the most experienced kung fu teacher of his state.
33. Which of the following words can best describe Tokuda?
A. Modest and friendly. B. Devoted and persevering.
C. Talented and humorous. D. Motivated and considerate.
【答案】31. C 32. C 33. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述功夫让一位日裔美国人成为中国文化使者，帮助传播中国传统文化——武术。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段I was so afraid at that time because I thought kung fu was all about fighting. 可知，那时，Tokuda以为功夫就是打斗，是暴力。故选C。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第六段“One of the things martial arts teach me is overcoming adversity,” Tokuda said. “As a little kid, my first lesson was like, oh, look, this is a thing that I can get through by diligence, perseverance（毅力）and dedication, and that was priceless for my life.” Tokuda认为，武术教他的一件事就是克服逆境，从而可以推断出他从武术中学会了如何处理困难。故选C。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段Tokuda has reason to be proud. He has been involved with Chinese martial arts for almost four decades. Tokuda从事中国武术近40年，可以推断他的坚持；文章第三段Practicing martial arts two to three hours and helping students improve their skills have become Tokuda’s daily routine. He expects to practice and teach martial arts for the rest of his life. 帮助学生提高他们的技能已经成为Tokuda每天的例行公事，他希望在他的余生中练习和教授武术，可以推断他对自己事业的热爱与奉献。故选B。
【点睛】文章内容较为简单，集中考查细节题，对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别。如小题1选择项的violent，到文章第四段I was so afraid at that time because I thought kung fu was all about fighting找到关键词fighting。所以我们考生要通过比较这些细微区别，仔细辨别才能得出答案。
B
New App Helps People Remember Faces
Large gatherings such as weddings and conferences can be socially overwhelming. Pressure to learn people’s names only adds to the stress. A new facial-recognition app could come to the rescue, but privacy experts recommend proceeding with caution.

The app, called SocialRecall, connects names with faces via smartphone cameras and facial recognition, potentially avoiding the need for formal introductions. “It breaks down these social barriers we all have when meeting somebody,” says Barry Sandrew, who created the app and tested it at an event attended by about 1,000 people.
After receiving an invitation to download SocialRecall from an event organizer, the user is asked to take two selfies and sign in via social media. At the event, the app is active within a previously defined geographical area. When a user points his or her phone camera at an attendee’s face, the app identifies the individual, displays the person’s name, and links to his or her social media profile. To protect privacy, it recognizes only those who have agreed to participate. And the app's creators say it automatically deletes users’ data after an event.
Ann Cavoukian, a privacy expert who runs the Privacy by Design Center of Excellence praises the app’s creators for these protective measures. She cautions, however, that when people choose to share their personal information with the app, they should know that “there may be unintended consequences down the road with that information being used in another context that might come back to bite you.”
The start-up has also developed a version of the app for individuals who suffer from prosopagnosia, or “face blindness,” a condition that prevents people from recognizing individuals they have met. To use this app, a person first acquires an image of someone’s face, from either the smartphone’s camera or a photograph, and then tags it with a name. When the camera spots that same face in real life, the previously entered information is displayed. The collected data are stored only on a user’s phone, according to the team behind the app.
34. SocialRecall is used to ________.
A. take photos B. identify people
C. organize events D. make friends
35. Paragraph 3 is mainly about ________.
A. how the app works
B. how the app was created
C. what makes the app popular
D. what people can do with the app
36. SocialRecall helps people with prosopagnosia by ________.
A. giving names to the photos kept in their smartphones
B. collecting information previously entered in the phone
C. providing the information of a person when they first meet
D. showing the person’s information when it spots a stored face
37. What can we learn about SocialRecall from the passage?
A. It may put people’s privacy at risk.
B. It has caused unintended consequences.
C. It can prevent some communication disorders.
D. It is praised by users for its protective measures.
【答案】34. B 35. A 36. D 37. A
【解析】
本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。文章主要介绍一款新的应用程序帮助人们记住面孔。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段The app, called SocialRecall, connects names with faces via smartphone cameras and facial recognition, potentially avoiding the need for formal introductions. 这款名为SocialRecall的应用软件可以通过智能手机摄像头和面部识别功能将名字和人脸联系起来，从而避免了正式介绍的必要，从而可以推断出，是用来识别人。故选B。
【35题详解】
段落大意题。根据文章第三段全段内容可知，本段主要SocialRecall这款应用软件工作原理。故选A。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段To use this app, a person first acquires an image of someone’s face, from either the smartphone’s camera or a photograph, and then tags it with a name. When the camera spots that same face in real life, the previously entered information is displayed. The collected data are stored only on a user’s phone, according to the team behind the app.可知，用户使用智能手机的摄像头或照片中获取某人的面部图像，然后给它加上一个名字。当摄像机在现实生活中发现相同的人脸时，就会显示之前输入的信息，从而帮助脸盲症患者识别此人的信息。故选D。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段She cautions, however, that when people choose to share their personal information with the app, they should know that “there may be unintended consequences down the road with that information being used in another context that might come back to bite you.” 当人们选择将自己的个人信息分享给应用程序时，他们应该知道，在未来可能会出现意想不到的后果，从而可以推断出SocialRecall这款应用程序可能会危及人们的隐私。故选A。
C
GOING TO UNIVERSITY is supposed to be a mind-broadening experience. That statement is probably made in comparison to training for work straight after school, which might not be so encouraging. But is it actually true? Jessika Golle of the University of Tübingen, in Germany, thought she would try to find out. Her result, however, is not quite what might be expected. As she reports in Psychological Science this week, she found that those who have been to university do indeed seem to leave with broader and more inquiring minds than those who have spent their immediate post-school years in vocational (职业的) training for work. However, it was not the case that university broadened minds. Rather, work seemed to narrow them.
Dr. Golle came to this conclusion after she and a team of colleagues studied the early careers of 2,095 German youngsters. The team used two standardized tests to assess their volunteers. One was of personality traits, including openness, conscientiousness（认真）and so on. The other was of attitudes, such as realistic, investigative and enterprising. They administered both tests twice—once towards the end of each volunteer’s time at school, and then again six years later. Of the original group, 382 were on the intermediate track, from which there was a choice between the academic and vocational routes, and it was on these that the researchers focused. University beckoned for 212 of them. The remaining 170 chose vocational training and a job.
When it came to the second round of tests, Dr. Golle found that the personalities of those who had gone to university had not changed significantly. Those who had undergone vocational training and then got jobs were not that much changed in personality, either—except in one crucial respect. They had become more conscientious.
That sounds like a good thing, certainly compared with the common public image of undergraduates as a bunch of lazybones. But changes in attitude that the researchers recorded were rather worrying. In the university group, again, none were detectable. But those who had chosen the vocational route showed marked drops in interest in tasks that are investigative and enterprising in nature. And that might restrict their choice of careers.
Some investigative and enterprising jobs, such as scientific research, are, indeed beyond the degreeless. But many, particularly in Germany, with its tradition of vocational training, are not. The researchers mention, for example, computer programmers and finance-sector workers as careers requiring these traits. If Dr. Golle is correct, and changes in attitude brought about by the very training Germany prides itself on are narrowing people’s choices, that is indeed a matter worthy of serious consideration.
38. Which of the following can best replace “beckoned for” in Paragraph 2?
A. Examined. B. Attracted.
C. Organized. D. Recognized.
39. What can we learn from the research?
A. The degreeless have not changed in personalities.
B. Going to university is a mind-broadening experience.
C. Working straight after school narrows people’s minds.
D. College students pride themselves on their education.
40. According to the last two paragraphs, .
A. college students enjoy a very good public image
B. the undergraduates have changed significantly in attitude
C. the degreeless are much better at dealing with challenging tasks
D. people show less interest in investigative jobs due to vocational training
41. What is the author’s attitude towards the finding?
A. Concerned. B. Optimistic.
C. Unclear. D. Sceptical.
【答案】38. B 39. C 40. D 41. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇社会类短文阅读。读大学究竟能带给我们什么？德国蒂宾根大学的Jessika Golle 研究得到的结果和人们所期待的大有不同。
【38题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第二段Of the original group, 382 were on the intermediate track, from which there was a choice between the academic and vocational routes, and it was on these that the researchers focused. University beckoned for 212 of them. The remaining 170 chose vocational training and a job. 原始组中有382人就读中等学校，这些人是研究人员重点关注的对象。其中212名被大学录取，剩下的170人选择职业培训或参加工作。根据后句The remaining 170 chose vocational training and a job.从而可以猜测出beckoned for为“召唤；吸引 ”之意。故选B。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段However, it was not the case that university broadened minds. Rather, work seemed to narrow them. 然而，大学其实并没有开阔人们的眼界。相反，是工作使人们的思维变得狭窄了。故选C。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后两段，尤其倒数第二段中But those who had chosen the vocational route showed marked drops in interest in tasks that are investigative and enterprising in nature. 可知，但是那些选择职业培训的人，他们对探究型和开创型任务的兴趣明显下降，从而可以推断出由于职业培训，人们对调查性工作的兴趣降低。故选D。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段If Dr. Golle is correct, and changes in attitude brought about by the very training Germany prides itself on are narrowing people’s choices, that is indeed a matter worthy of serious consideration. 如果Golle 的结论正确，并且由于培训（德国人以此为傲）而带来态度上的变化缩小了人们的选择，这确实是一个值得认真考虑的问题，可以推断出，作者对这一发现持关注的态度。故选A。
【点睛】推断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。例如小题4，就是根据文章最后一段If Dr. Golle is correct, and changes in attitude brought about by the very training Germany prides itself on are narrowing people’s choices, that is indeed a matter worthy of serious consideration.中的关键词a matter worthy of serious consideration可以推断出，作者对这一发现持关注的态度，从而可以推断出答案。
D
Smile! It makes everyone in the room feel better because they, consciously or unconsciously, are smiling with you. Growing evidence shows that an instinct for facial mimicry(模仿) allows us to empathize with and even experience other people’s feelings. If we can’t mirror another person’s face, it limits our ability to read and properly react to their expressions. A review of this emotional mirroring appears on February 11 in Trends in Cognitive Sciences.
In their paper, Paula Niedenthal and Adrienne Wood, social psychologists at the University of Wisconsin, describe how people in social situations copy others’ facial expressions to create emotional responses in themselves. For example, if you’re with a friend who looks sad, you might “try on” that sad face yourself without realizing you’re doing so. In “trying on” your friend’s expression, it helps you to recognize what they’re feeling by associating it with times in the past when you made that expression. Humans get this emotional meaning from facial expressions in a matter of only a few hundred milliseconds.
“You reflect on your emotional feelings and then you generate some sort of recognition judgment, and the most important thing that results in is that you take the appropriate action—you approach the person or you avoid the person,” Niedenthal says. “Your own emotional reaction to the face changes your perception of how you see the face in such a way that provides you with more information about what it means.”
A person’s ability to recognize and “share” others’ emotions can be prevented when they can’t mimic faces. This is a common complaint for people with motor diseases, like facial paralysis(瘫痪) from a stroke, or even due to nerve damage from plastic surgery. Niedenthal notes that the same would not be true for people who suffer from paralysis from birth, because if you’ve never had the ability to mimic facial expressions, you will have developed compensatory ways of interpreting emotions.
People with social disorders associated with mimicry or emotion-recognition damage, like autism(自闭症), can experience similar challenges. “There are some symptoms in autism where lack of facial mimicry may in part be due to limitation of eye contact,” Niedenthal says.
Niedenthal next wants to explore what part in the brain is functioning to help with facial expression recognition. A better understanding of that part, she says, will give us a better idea of how to treat related disorders.
42. According to the passage, facial mimicry helps __________.
A. experience one’s own feelings clearly B. change others’ emotions quickly
C. respond to others’ expressions properly D. develop friendship with others easily
43. We can know from Paragraph 4 and 5 that __________.
A. people with motor diseases may also suffer from autism
B. people born with facial paralysis may still recognize emotions
C. people with social disorders can’t have eye contact with others
D. people receiving plastic surgery have difficulty in mimicking faces
44. According to Niedenthal, the next step of the study will focus on __________.
A. how we can treat brain disorders
B. what can be done to regain facial mimicry
C. how our brain helps us with emotional mirroring
D. what part of our brain helps recognize facial expression
45. The passage is written to ____________.
A. discuss how people react positively to others’ smiles
B. draw people’s attention to those with social disorders
C. introduce a new trend in facial expression recognition
D. explain how emotional mirroring affects people’s empathy
【答案】42. C 43. B 44. D 45. D
【解析】
本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。越来越多的证据表明，面部模仿的本能让我们能够移情，甚至能体验他人的感受。文章主要解释了情绪反射如何影响人们的移情。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段Growing evidence shows that an instinct for facial mimicry(模仿) allows us to empathize with and even experience other people’s feelings. If we can’t mirror another person’s face, it limits our ability to read and properly react to their expressions. 面部模仿的本能使我们能够同情甚至体验他人的感受。如果我们不能模仿他人的面部表情，这限制了我们阅读和正确反应他人表情的能力，所以说面部模仿有助于正确回应他人的表情。故选C。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段Niedenthal notes that the same would not be true for people who suffer from paralysis from birth, because if you’ve never had the ability to mimic facial expressions, you will have developed compensatory ways of interpreting emotions.可知，对于天生瘫痪的人来说，因为从来没有模仿面部表情的能力，就会形成一种解读情绪的代偿方式，从而来识别情绪。故选B。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Niedenthal next wants to explore what part in the brain is functioning to help with facial expression recognition. A better understanding of that part, she says, will give us a better idea of how to treat related disorders.可知，Niedenthal接下来想要探索大脑中哪些部分在帮助识别面部表情方面发挥作用。故选D。
【45题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段Growing evidence shows that an instinct for facial mimicry(模仿) allows us to empathize with and even experience other people’s feelings. If we can’t mirror another person’s face, it limits our ability to read and properly react to their expressions.及全文内容可在，本文主要讲述越来越多的证据表明，面部模仿的本能让我们能够移情，甚至能体验他人的感受。文章主要解释了情绪反射如何影响人们的移情。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Benefits of Sports
Doing sports is a physical, mental and social adventure. It’s a great way for children to take a break from academics and release extra energy. It also helps them lead fuller and happier lives as regular sports have proven to improve overall well-being.
The physical benefits of doing sports are probably the most obvious. Regardless of your fitness level when you start playing sports, you’ll notice an increase in your overall fitness once you’re involved. ____46____ Basketball players focus on strength training; football players work on speed while track athletes train through longer runs. The training process helps promote physical fitness and performances in competitions.
___47___ Playing sports contributes to mental health, helping to increase confidence and self-worth. A pat on the back, high-five from a teammate, or handshake after a match really boosts a child’s confidence. Words of praise and encouragement from the coach, parents and other players raise the self-worth. ____48____ So after a game, it’s a better idea to ask “Did you enjoy the game?” rather than “Did you win?”
Children who participate in sports might also benefit from the social aspect, feeling part of a group, building up accountability and leadership. ____49____Teamwork involves both being dependable as a teammate and learning to rely on your teammates to achieve a positive outcome. Teamwork breeds accountability and challenges you to be responsible for your actions. Being part of a team gives you an opportunity to be a leader.
Discipline is another social advantage. Most organized sports require a strict training and practice schedule. As a student-athlete, you need to balance academics and athletics. ___50___
There is no shortage of reasons to find a sport to get involved in. Are you ready to go? Pick one and get moving!
A. It’s not just your body that benefits from sports.
B. Therefore, playing sports is going to make you more fit.
C. But remember, a child’s self-worth should not be distinguished by victory or loss.
D. If you play group sports, you’ll be part of a team that takes direction from a coach.
E. Nearly every sport requires physical activity and the skills needed to be competitive.
F. Among these, learning how to function as part of a team is the most important advantage.
G. Only with strict discipline can you be successful both in the classroom and in the sports field.
【答案】46. E 47. A
48. C 49. F
50. G
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了体育运动的益处。
【46题详解】
根据后句的例证Basketball players focus on strength training; football players work on speed while track athletes train through longer runs. 篮球运动员注重力量训练；足球运动员提高速度，而田径运动员则通过长跑训练，可知，几乎每一项运动都需要体力活动和具有竞争力的技能。故选E。
【47题详解】
这里为段落总领句。根据后句Playing sports contributes to mental health, helping to increase confidence and self-worth. 运动有助于心理健康，有助于增强自信和自我价值，可知，运动受益的不仅仅是你的身体。故选A。
【48题详解】
根据前句Words of praise and encouragement from the coach, parents and other players raise the self-worth. 来自教练、家长和其他球员的赞扬和鼓励提高了自我价值，和后句So after a game, it’s a better idea to ask “Did you enjoy the game?” rather than “Did you win?” 所以在比赛结束后，最好问一问“你喜欢比赛吗?”而不是“你赢了吗?” 可知，这里句子为转折关系，但是请记住，一个孩子的自我价值不应该以胜利或失败来区分。故选C。
【49题详解】
根据前句Children who participate in sports might also benefit from the social aspect, feeling part of a group, building up accountability and leadership. 参加体育运动的孩子也可能从社交方面受益，感觉自己是群体的一部分，建立责任感和领导力，和后句Teamwork involves both being dependable as a teammate and learning to rely on your teammates to achieve a positive outcome. 团队合作包括作为一个队友是可靠的和学会依靠你的队友来取得一个积极的结果，可知，这里为承上启下句，其中，学习如何成为团队的一员是最重要的优势。故选F。
【50题详解】
根据前两句Discipline is another social advantage. Most organized sports require a strict training and practice schedule. As a student-athlete, you need to balance academics and athletics.可知，这里对本段进行总结，只有严格的纪律，你才能在课堂上和运动场上都取得成功。故选G。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）
第一节（15分）
51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他暑假将来北京参加“外国人唱中国歌大赛”，希望你为他推荐一首中文歌曲。请给他回邮件，内容包括：
1. 推荐曲目;
2. 推荐理由；
3. 你的祝愿。
注意: 1. 词数不少于50；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
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Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
How is it going? I’m so glad to hear you will come to Beijing and participate in the Chinese Singing Competition for Foreigners this summer vacation. For the song to choose, I highly recommend Moli Hua, Jasmine Flower, which is representative of Chinese folk music.
My recommendation is based on the following reasons. First of all, it enjoys wide popularity, so there’s no doubt it will attract the audience’s attention once you start to sing. Moreover, this song has beautiful melody and simple lyrics, which are relatively easy for you to learn in a short time. At the same time, the soothing tunes will make your learning process pleasant and comfortable. I bet you are bound to stand out among all the competitors.
I sincerely hope my recommendation can be helpful and wish you a wonderful performance. When you come to Beijing, remember to let me know, since I’d like to be there to cheer for you.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本书面表达是一篇提纲类写作。要求以李华的名义给英国朋友Jim写封电子邮件。
【详解】这是一篇书信类作文。写作提要假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他暑假将来北京参加“外国人唱中国歌大赛”，希望你为他推荐一首中文歌曲。请给他回邮件，内容包括：1. 推荐曲目；2. 推荐理由；3. 你的祝愿。我们所要做的就是用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来。本作文中给出的要点比较简略，故需要自由发挥的地方较多。需要注意不要偏离文章中心。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，一定要契合整个文章,不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点睛】本文内容齐全，结构严谨，层次分明，布局合理，语言精练，同时运用高级句子。定语从句：For the song to choose, I highly recommend Moli Hua, Jasmine Flower, which is representative of Chinese folk music.；定语从句的使用：Moreover, this song has beautiful melody and simple lyrics, which are relatively easy for you to learn in a short time
第二节 （20 分）
52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，以“A New Way to Explore the Forbidden City”为题，用英语写一篇短文向校刊“英语园地”投稿，记述上周末你带英国朋友Jim游览故宫的全过程。
注意：词数不少于60。
提示词：二维码 QR code

____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
【答案】Last weekend, my friend Jim and I tried a new way to explore the Forbidden City, which left me a deep impression.
To avoid wasting time on the spot for the tickets, we tried making reservations online. The whole process just took us several minutes before the message popped out that the tickets had been successfully booked.
The next day’s visit amazed both of us. On arriving, impressed by the magnificent architecture, we couldn’t wait to start our exploration. While wandering around the galleries, we were attracted by the delicate chinaware. To our excitement, we could scan the QR code to listen to the introduction, which gave us a deeper insight into their history.
In the afternoon, we had a unique experience in the VR theatre. With the VR goggles on, we found ourselves back to the time when the palace was being constructed. As we “built” the wall brick by brick, we realized how much effort was put into accomplishing the grand work of architectural art.
Before we left, I led Jim to the souvenir center for cultural creative products. All the cups, notebooks and other products there bear certain elements of royal life. Jim was satisfied with his final choice of a Chinese fan. After this visit, I found the Forbidden City both traditional and modern because our rich and profound history was made alive here!
【解析】
【分析】
本题是看图作文，要求根据四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述上周末你带英国朋友Jim游览故宫的全过程。
【详解】本文是看图作文。假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，以“A New Way to Explore the Forbidden City”为题，用英语写一篇短文向校刊“英语园地”投稿，记述上周末你带英国朋友Jim游览故宫的全过程。写作时要根据所给图画，然后确定文章的主题、文体、人称和时态。根据图画内容并以此为基础充分发挥自己的想象力，灵活运用英语知识，采用不同的表达方式将各要点完整地表述出来。写作时注意时态、语态的合理运用，主次分明，详略得当，语言力求准确、简洁。同时应选用合适的连接词或过渡词，适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【点睛】本文内容齐全，结构严谨，层次分明，布局合理，语言精练，同时运用高级句子。定语从句的使用：Last weekend, my friend Jim and I tried a new way to explore the Forbidden City, which left me a deep impression.；不定式作目的状语的使用：To avoid wasting time on the spot for the tickets, we tried making reservations online. 非谓语动词作状语的使用：While wandering around the galleries, we were attracted by the delicate chinaware. 定语从句的使用：To our excitement, we could scan the QR code to listen to the introduction, which gave us a deeper insight into their history.