2019届北京市中国人民大学附属中学高三系列调研卷（三）英语（解析版）

2019届高三系列调研卷（三）英语试题
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Water makes up a big majority of your body weight because every single cell，tissue and organ needs it ___1___ (function)．It’s so important ___2___ you need to get a certain amount each day．P1ain water should be ___3___ (you)primary source of fluid even though juice，soda，coffee and other drinks can count towards your water intake．However，these other drinks increase your ___4___ (consume)of sugar，calories and caffeine in the case of soda，coffee and tea． This can make you urinate(小便)more and wind up dehydrating(脱水)you as ___5___ result．
Water recommendations are ___6___ (difference) for men and women．Men should aim for 3．7 liters，or about 125 ounces，which is a little more than 15．5 cups of water each day．It ___7___ (recommend)that women have 2．7 liters daily，which is roughly 91 ounces of water and a little less than 11．5 cups．If you are pregnant，this minimum requirement ___8___ (go)up to 3 liters，which is approximately 101 ounces or a bit ___9___ (much)than 12．5 cups． It increases again if you’re breast-feeding．In this case，bump up your daily fluid intake to 3．8 liters，which is equal ___10___ about 132 ounces．
【答案】1. to function
2. that 3. your
4. consumption
5. a 6. different
7. Is recommended
8. goes 9. more
10. to
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了水在人体中的重要作用。我们身体里的每一个细胞、组织和器官都依赖水。所以我们每天要喝足够的水。
【1题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：水占大部分的体重,因为每一个细胞、组织和器官需要它来运作。本句function做动词讲“运作；运行”，表目的用不定式，故填to function。
【2题详解】
考查连词。固定句型so……that……“如此……以致于……”，故填连词that。
【3题详解】
考查形容词性物主代词。句意：白开水应该是你的主要来源流体，即使汁、苏打水、咖啡和其它饮料可以计入你的水摄入量。source为名词，前需要形容词修饰，故填形容词性的物主代词your。
【4题详解】
考查名词。your为形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，表示“糖分的消耗”，故填名词consumption。
【5题详解】
考查冠词。短语as a result “结果”，中间需要冠词a。
【6题详解】
考查形容词。be动词后跟形容词作表语，故填different。
【7题详解】
考查被动语态。固定it is recommended that……“据推荐；有人推荐”，本文为描述客观事实，主语为单数，故填一般现在时三人称单数形式的被动语态is recommended。
【8题详解】
考查动词时态。本句为描述客观事实，主语requirement为单数，故用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式goes。
【9题详解】
考查形容词比较级。短语more than“多于；超出”，故填more。
【10题详解】
考查介词。短语be equal to“相等；合适；胜任”后跟介词to，故填to。
第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I used to hate running. It seemed too hard, and pushing outside my comfort zone was not what I was ____11____ to do. My husband Charles had been a serious competitive ____12____ for many years. After our marriage, he wouldn’t ____13____talk- ing about how much he missed it. So he picked it up again, and after about a year, I started to ____14____ him at the track. Just a few weeks later, Charles____15____ us both up for a five-kilometer race. I ____16____ about doing it. It was too soon.
But on race day, there I was. The gun ____17____. Thousands of runners pushed forward. The first kilometer was tough. “I don’t think I’m gonna make it.” I was already breathing ____18____ and painfully aware of the group of runners pounding past me. “No, you’re doing great,” said Charles. He was trying to encourage me, to get me focused on something else ___19___ my discomfort. “I can’t,” I said, barely audibly (听得见地). He tried a ____20____ way to persuade me. “Just make it to that house and let’s see how you _____21_____.”
After another minute I saw the three-kilometer mark. All I could think of was that I was dying and that my husband made me ___22___. Miserable doesn’t even begin to describe how I felt. “You’ll be fine. You’ve got less than a kilometer to go.” I rounded a corner, and saw both sides of the street ____23____ with people watching the race, all cheering the runners on. I willed my ____24____ to keep going. Then I looked up and saw the clock. The seconds ticking away gave me ___25___. I knew that if I ___26___
finished this race I would achieve something. ____27____, I straightened up and kicked it. I had my arms held higher when I passed through the finish line. A volunteer ____28____ a medal around my neck.
“You did great! I’m so proud of you!” Charles was ____29____ that I’d made it. “That was AMAZING! I want to do another race. This running stuff is amazing!” I proudly ____30____ my medal as we walked to the post-race festivities. My lungs and my comfort zone both expanded.
11. A. accepted B. permitted C. pushed D. raised
12. A. runner B. policeman C. doctor D. lawyer
13. A. regret B. mind C. stop D. forget
14. A. follow B. attend C. join D. urge
15. A. signed B. gathered C. involved D. registered
16. A. commented B. hesitated C. wondered D. enquired
17. A. went off B. went out C. broke off D. broke out
18. A. smoothly B. heavily C. quickly D. abruptly
19. A. or rather B. more than C. rather than D. better than
20. A. pleasant B. reasonable C. casual D. different
21. A. react B. describe C. feel D. realize
22. A. ashamed B. painful C. embarrassed D. nervous
23. A. rich B. loose C. ready D. thick
24. A. arms B. mind C. heart D. legs
25. A. strength B. patience C. expectation D. wisdom
26. A. formally B. immediately C. normally D. actually
27. A. However B. Therefore C. Yet D. Instead
28. A. rewarded B. handed C. put D. presented
29. A. thrilled B. amused C. shocked D. frozen
30. A. enjoyed B. hugged C. kept D. seized
【答案】11. D 12. A 13. C 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. D 21. C 22. B 23. D 24. D 25. A 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. A 30. B
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。记叙了一开始讨厌跑步的作者，与丈夫一起参加了一起五公里跑步比赛，在途中因为各种不适想要放弃。最终在丈夫的鼓励下成功跑过终点，并获得了奖章的故事。
【11题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. accepted接受；B. permitted允许；C. pushed推；D. raised抚养；举起。上文提到作者过去非常讨厌跑步，认为将自己推出自己的舒适区不是自己被养这么大应该做的事情。Raise有抚养，养育的意思，故选D。
【12题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. runner跑步者；B. policeman警察；C. doctor医生；D. lawyer律师。根据下文可知作者的丈夫曾是一个多年的跑步者，故选A。
【13题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. regret后悔；B. mind介意；C. stop停止；D. forget忘记；句意：结婚后，他不停地说他有多怀念跑步。Stop doing sth.“停止做某事”，故选C。
【14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. follow跟随；B. attend参加；C. join加入；D. urge催促。根据上文作者的丈夫重拾跑步，一年后作者也加入了他跑步的行列里。故选C。
【15题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. signed署名；B. gathered聚集；C. involved涉及；D. registered注册。由下文的“五公里比赛”可知作者的丈夫是给他们俩报名了，sign up“报名”，故选A。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. commented评论；B. hesitated犹豫；C. wondered好奇；D. enquired询问。由下文的“这太快了”可知作者对丈夫这么快就报名比赛的行为是“犹豫”的，故选B。
【17题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。A. went off响起；发射；B. went out熄灭；C. broke off中断；D. broke out爆发。句意：枪声一响，成千上万的跑步者向前冲去。故选A。
【18题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。A. smoothly顺利地；B. heavily沉重地；C. quickly快地；D. abruptly突然地。作者认为自己办不到，并且呼吸沉重，痛苦地意识到自己已经被跑步人群所超过，故选B。
【19题详解】
考查短语辨析。A. or rather倒不如说；B. more than不仅仅；C. rather than而不是；D. better than好于。句意：他试图鼓励我，让我专注于其他事情而不是我的不适。故选C。
【20题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. pleasant愉快的；B. reasonable合理的；C. casual随便的；D. different不同的。由上文可知作者丈夫尝试鼓励作者，但是没有起作用，于是丈夫换了另一种不同的方式。故选D。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. react反应；B. describe描述；C. feel感觉；D. realize意识到。上文提到作者感觉很难受，于是丈夫提议先跑到房子那里再看作者“感觉”如何，故选C。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. ashamed羞愧的；B. painful痛苦的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. nervous紧张的。作者此刻难受得感觉自己快要死了，并且是作者的丈夫使她这么痛苦的。故选B.
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. rich富有的；B. loose松散的；C. ready准备好的；D. thick密集的；厚的。句意：我转过一个拐角，看见街道两旁挤满了观看比赛的人，都在为运动员加油。Thick with“挤满”故选D。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. arms胳膊；B. mind思维；C. heart心脏；D. legs腿。上文提到作者比赛过程中各种不适，此时看到街边欢呼的人群，作者让自己的双腿坚定下来继续跑。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. strength力量；B. patience耐心；C. expectation期待；D. wisdom智慧。作者抬头看了看表，秒钟的滴答声给了她勇气。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。A. formally正式地；B. immediately立即地；C. normally正常地；D. actually实际上；事实上。句意：我知道如果我真的完成了这场比赛，我将会有所成就。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查连词辨析。A. However但是；B. Therefore因此；C. Yet然而；D. Instead代替。结合上下文，此处是顺承关系，故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. rewarded奖赏；B. handed递；C. put放；搁；D. presented提出。句意：一位志愿者将奖牌挂在我的脖子上。根据句意故选C。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. thrilled激动的；B. amused愉快的；C. shocked震惊的；D. frozen冻结的。结合上下午可知作者的丈夫对作者的成功感到非常激动，故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. enjoyed欣赏；B. hugged拥抱；C. kept保持；D. Seized抓住。句意：当我们走向赛后庆祝活动时，我自豪地拥抱了我的奖牌。故选B。
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，40分)
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Family Fun in Canadian Museum of Nature
Bring the whole family to rediscover our fully redecorated museum.
* WHAT TO SEE AND DO
Check out What’s On for all the events, educational activities and HD movies happening during your visit.Care for birds, dive down into the depths at the helm (舵柄) of a research submersible(潜水器) or explore a cave… on the first floor. Don’t miss our gallery play areas on the third floor when visiting with kids. By visiting here, your children will learn more about nature. Check out Our Exhibitions which presents our special exhibitions and our galleries.Be sure to stop at our Nature Boutique on the second floor for a vast selection of games, books and nature-related souvenirs from 9:30 am until the museum closes for the day.
* HOURS, ADMISSION, SERVICES AND MORE
Opening hours:
Regular Hours (September 4 -May 31)
9 am-5pm except Monday and Thursday
Summer Hours (June 1-September 2)
9 am-6 pm(Saturday-Wednesday)
9 am-8 pm(Thursday and Friday)
General Admission: Free for members.
Adult: $14.50
Senior (65+): $12.50
Student (18+): $12.50
Student (13+): $12.50
Child (3–12): $10.50
Tiny Tot (0–2): Free
A general admission ticket is required—even when the price is free, as it is for members and Tiny Tots—if you want to see a movie or a special exhibition. Buy a combo that includes both tickets already. Ticket combo includes general admission and a 3D movie.
Adult: $18.50
Senior (65+): $16.50
Student (18+): $16.50
Student (13+): $16.50
Child (3–12): $14.50
Tiny Tot (0–2): Free
Member: $3
Parking:
Paid parking is available on the Canadian Museum of Nature grounds. Rates:
$3 per half hour
maximum of $14 per day (until 4:30 am)
evening flat rate: $5 (4:30 pm -4:30 am)
Charges accumulate (evening and next day) for vehicles that are parked overnight.

The Canadian Museum of Nature provides a host of information, images and videos on our websites about nature, such as http://www.nature.ca/en/family-fun and http://www.expeditionarctic.ca/. The museum also participates in several social networks. Follow us on Facebook, YouTube, Instagram and Twitter.
31. In Canadian Museum of Nature, visitors can _____________.
A. exhibit their own nature-related works
B. raise their general awareness of nature
C. be trained to drive submersibles professionally
D. buy souvenirs on the second floor as soon as it opens
32. As a member of the museum, you take your wife and two children (13 and 9) driving to pay a whole-day visit to the museum and children enjoy a 3D movie, how much should you pay at least?
A. $ 52.5 B. $ 74
C. $ 45.5 D. $ 59.5
33. What is the purpose of the last part of the text?
A. To talk about the museum’s reputation.
B. To encourage participation in developing the museum.
C. To provide some contact details of the museum.
D. To advertise upcoming events for the museum.
【答案】31. B 32. D 33. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文对加拿大自然博物馆的展出情况、票价及联系方式进行了详细介绍。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。由By visiting here, your children will learn more about nature.可知加拿大自然博物馆可以提升孩子们的对于自然的意识，故选B。
【32题详解】
计算题。由Adult: $14，Child(3-12):$10，Parking，At most $14 per day(until 4:30 am)可知14*2+10+14=52，故选D。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。由The Canadian Museum of Nature provides a lot of information, images and videos on our websites. The museum participates in several social networks. Follow us on Facebook, YouTube, Instagram and Twitter. 可知最后一个自然段提供了获取更多信息的方式，故选C。
【点睛】细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题（在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问。）语义转化题（需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论）、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。计算题。由Adult: $14，Child(3-12):$10，Parking，At most $14 per day(until 4:30 am)可知14*2+10+14=52，选D。
B
I was attending a party onenight given in Sir Ross’s honor; and during the dinner, the man sitting next to me told ahumorous story based on the quotation(引语): “There’s a divinity that shapes ourends, rough-hew them how we will.”
The storyteller mentioned that the quotation was from the Bible. He was wrong. I knewthat, and I knew it positively. There couldn’t be the slightest doubt about it. And so, to get afeeling of importance and display my superiority, I appointed myself as an unwelcome committee of one to correct him. He stuck to his guns. “What? FromShakespeare? Impossible! Absurd! That quotation was from the Bible.” And he knew it.
The storyteller was sitting on my right; and Frank Gammond, an old friend of mine,was seated on my left. Mr. Gammond had devoted years to the study of Shakespeare. Sothe storyteller and I agreed to submit the question to Mr. Gammond. Mr. Gammondlistened, kicked me under the table, and then said: “Dale, you are wrong. Thegentleman is right. It is from the Bible.”
On our way home that night, I said to Mr. Gammond: “Frank, you knew that quotation was from Shakespeare.” “Yes, of course,” he replied, “Hamlet, Act Five, Scene Two. But we were guests at a happy time, my dear Dale. Why prove to a man he is wrong? Is that going to make him like you? Why not let him save his face? He didn’t ask for your advice. He didn’t want it. Why argue with him? Always avoid your sharp angle.” The man who said that taught me a lesson I’ll never forget. I not only had made the storyteller uncomfortable, but also had put my friend in an embarrassing situation. How much better it would have been had I not become argumentative.
Nine times out of ten, an argument ends with each of the contestants more firmly convinced than ever that he is absolutely right.You can’t win an argument. You can’t because if you lose it, you lose it; and if you win it, you lose it.
34. What did the author do to get a feeling of importance at the party?
A. Tell a humorous story. B. Show off his rich knowledge.
C. Teach the storyteller a lesson. D. Correct the storyteller’s mistake.
35. Why did Frank Gammond kick the author under the table?
A. Because he was humorous and played tricks on the author.
B. Because he was thoughtful and wanted to stop the author.
C. Because he didn’t know much about the Bible.
D. Because he thought the author was really wrong.
36. How did the author feel about the event that happened at the party?
A. Regretful. B. Thankful.
C. Satisfied. D. Confused.
37. What can be the suitable title for the passage?
A. You Can’t Win an Argument B. You Can’t Make Mistakes in Public
C. Do Have an Open Mind D. Mind Your Manners at a Party
【答案】34. D 35. B 36. A 37. A
【解析】
本文是一篇议论文。文章论述的是“你不可能赢得争论。”十有八九，争论的结果是每个参赛者都比以往更坚定地相信自己是绝对正确的。你不可能赢得争论。你不能因为你失去了它，你就失去了它;如果你赢了，你就输了。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中to get a feeling of importance and display my superiority, I appointed myself as an unwelcome committee of one to correct him.可知，作者在聚会上纠正说书人的错误获得一种重要感。故选D。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中Mr. Gammond listened, kicked me under the table, and then said: “Dale, you are wrong. The gentleman is right. It is from the Bible.可知，Frank Gammond在桌子底下踢作者是因为他很有思想，想阻止作者。故选B。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中The man who said that taught me a lesson I’ll never forget. I not only had made the storyteller uncomfortable, but also had put my friend in an embarrassing situation. How much better it would have been had I not become argumentative.可知，作者对晚会上发生的事很后悔。故选A。
【37题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段Nine times out of ten, an argument ends with each of the contestants more firmly convinced than ever that he is absolutely right. You can’t win an argument. You can’t because if you lose it, you lose it; and if you win it, you lose it.“十有八九，争论的结果是每个参赛者都比以往更坚定地相信自己是绝对正确的。你不可能赢得争论。你不能因为你失去了它，你就失去了它;如果你赢了，你就输了。”可知，本文最佳主题是You Can’t Win an Argument。故选A。
C
To a large degree，the measure of our peace of mind is determined by how much we are able to live in the present moment. In spite of what happened yesterday or last year, and what may or may not happen tomorrow, the present moment is where you
are—always!
Without question, many of us have mastered the neurotic (神经兮兮的）art of spending much of our lives worrying about a variety of things—all at once. We allow past problems and future concerns to dominate our present moments, so much that we end up anxious, frustrated, depressed, and hopeless. On the other hand, we also delay our happiness, often convincing ourselves that "someday" will be much better than today. Unfortunately, the same mental dynamics that tell us to look foward to the future will only repeat themselves so that "someday" never actually arrives. John Lennon once said，"Life is what is happening while we are busy making other plans. " When we are busy making " other plans" ，our children are busy growing up，the people we love are moving away and dying, our bodies are getting out of shape, and our dreams are slipping away. In short, we miss out on life.
Many people live as if life were dress rehearsal for some late date. It isn't. In fact, no one has a guarantee that he or she will be here tomorrow. Now is the only time we have，and the only time that we have any control over. When our attention is in the present moment, we push fear from our minds. Fear is the concern over events that might happen in the future—we won’t have enough money，our children will get into trouble, we will get old and die, whatever.
To combat fear，the best strategy is to learn to bring your attention back to the present. Mark Twain said, “I have been through some terrible things in my life，some of which actually happened.” I don't think I can say it any better. Practice keeping your attention on here and now. Your efforts will pay off.
38. In the first paragraph, the author tells us to focus on_________.
A. the past B. the future
C. every day D. the present
39. Why do we often have some negative feelings?
A. Because we often forget what happened in the past.
B. Because we are often disturbed by what happened in the past and what will happen in the future.
C. Because we often pay attention to what is happening at present.
D. Because we often ignore what will happen in the future and what happened in the past.
40. The underlined word in the last paragraph means ________
A. depend B. deserve
C. determine D. defeat
41. The best title of this passage is___
A. Always live in the present moment
B. Never forget the past
C. Never complain about life
D. Always get prepared for the future
【答案】38. D 39. B 40. D 41. A
【解析】
生活中我们总是让过去的问题和未来的忧虑支配我们现在的时刻，以至于最终焦虑、沮丧和绝望。我们要学会把注意力拉回到当下，活在现在。
【38题详解】
D
细节推理题。根据第一段the measure of our peace of mind is determined by how much we are able to live in the present moment .和the present moment is where you are-always!可知，我们内心是否平和在很大程度上是由我们是否能生活在现实之中所决定的. 现实才是你时时刻刻所在之处。我们应该注重现在，活在当下。故选D.
【39题详解】
B
细节推理题。根据第二段We allow past problems and future concerns to dominate our present moments, so much that we end up anxious, frustrated depressed, and hopeless. （我们总是让过去的问题和未来的忧虑支配我们现在的时刻，以至于我们最终会焦虑、沮丧和绝望。）可知，这是我们经常有消极感情的原因，故选B。
【40题详解】
D
猜测词义题。A. depend依靠；B. deserve应受，应得；C. determine决定；D. defeat战胜，打败。此处指要克服恐惧，最好的策略就是学会把注意力拉回到当下。combat指“战胜，克服”，与defeat同义，故选D。
【41题详解】
A
主旨大意题。文中提到生活中我们总是让过去的问题和未来的忧虑支配我们现在的时刻，以至于最终焦虑、沮丧和绝望。我们要学会把注意力拉回到当下，活在现在。故A项“永远活在当下”，概括全文适合作为标题，故选A。

D
Gold is one of the rarest materials on Earth and has always been considered a valuable and precious resource. It's very likely that someone in your family owns something made of gold, especially since China is one of the world's biggest buyers of gold jewellery. It's even in our smartphones - they contain parts made from this expensive material.
But where does this beautiful metal actually come from? The answer: outer space.
This August, Chinese scientists became the first in the world to witness gravitational waves（引力波）caused by the collision of neutron (中子）stars, reported Xinhua News Agency.
The sight was witnessed at China's Kunlun Antarctic Station at the South Pole, and Insight, China’s first X-ray astronomical satellite, also contributed to the discovery.
Although collisions of black holes have been recorded before, this was the first time that two neutron stars were known to have collided. It's believed that such collisions lead to huge explosions of energy, and even to the creation of precious metals such as gold and silver.
“The collision of neutron stars is like a very large gold factory in the universe,” Jin Zhiping，a researcher at the Purple Mountain Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, told Xinhua.
According to an article published by space.com, scientists have long believed gold and other materials are created in this way, but it wasn't until the recent collision that their theory was confirmed.
“The origin of the really heaviest chemical elements in the universe had confused the scientific community for quite a long time,” Hans-Thomas Janka, a senior scientist at the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics in Germany, said in a news release. “Now, we have the first observational proof for neutron star mergers(合并) as sources.”
Indeed, the recently observed collision is thought to have produced an amount of gold that would weigh 10 times more than Earth, according to New Scientist
Don’t expect to be showered in gold any time soon, however. The collision actually took place 130 million years ago, taking all that time for the event's light to reach Earth.
But at least if you want to see a piece of space up close, all you have to do is to look at the ring on your mom's finger - or the smartphone in your pocket.
42. What's the author's purpose of writing the first two paragraphs?
A. To emphasize the rareness of gold.
B. To list some uses of gold in daily life.
C. To explain the reasons for the popularity of gold.
D. To interest readers about the source of gold.
43. What would the collision of neutron stars lead to according to Xinhua?
A. The creation of black holes.
B. The death of the stars.
C. The disappearance of gravitational waves.
D. The creation of gold.
44. What’s the text mainly about?
A. China’s Kunlun Antarctic Station does research into gold.
B. Collisions between two neutron stars result in gold
C. Collisions contribute to the discovery.
D. Gold is considered a valuable and precious rescource.
45. What can we learn from the article?
A. The amount of gold produced by the collision was very small.
B. The collision was the largest reported in history.
C. China played a big role in the new discovery.
D. The collision took place 130 years ago.
【答案】42. D 43. D 44. B 45. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是科普说明文。黄金是地球上最稀有的物质之一，一直被认为是一种宝贵的资源。但是这种美丽的金属究竟是从哪里来的呢?答案是:外层空间。
【42题详解】
篇章结构题。根据第一段可知，作者介绍黄金这种金属广受欢迎，中国更是黄金首饰的购买大国，智能手机中含有由这种昂贵材料制成的部件，第二段where does this beautiful metal actually come from? The answer: outer space.用问答方式提出话题，从而引出全文，故可知，前两段的作用是引起读者兴趣，选D。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据It's believed that such collisions lead to huge explosions of energy, and even to the creation of precious metals such as gold and silver.可知，这样的碰撞会导致巨大的能量爆炸，甚至导致黄金和白银等贵金属的产生。故选D。
【44题详解】
主旨大意题。文章主要叙述了中国科学家首次发现中子星碰撞产生了引力波，这种碰撞能产生巨大能量甚至能形成黄金和白银等贵金属，故选B。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据This August, Chinese scientists became the first in the world to witness gravitational waves …和and Insight, China’s first X-ray astronomical satellite, also contributed to the discovery.可知，中国科学家首次发现了中子星碰撞产生的引力波，中国第一颗x射线天文卫星Insight也为这一发现做出了贡献。故选C。
【点睛】细节理解题的解题思路：
本题目涉及多道细节理解题，细节理解题大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题和选项有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。正确选项虽然一般不是原文照搬，但是一般是原文的改写，意思不变。

例如本题第2小题，What would the collision of neutron stars lead to according to Xinhua?由题干“the collision of neutron stars lead to…”和“according to Xinhua”，可以锁定原文第五段，根据It's believed that such collisions lead to huge explosions of energy, and even to the creation of precious metals such as gold and silver.可知，这样的碰撞会导致巨大的能量爆炸，甚至导致黄金和白银等贵金属的产生，故选D。做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Little Etiquette(礼貌）Rules for Flying on an Airplane
Being a polite passenger on an airplane starts with just a few easy steps.
Don’t hold up the security line
___46___.Have your boarding pass and ID ready as you approach airport security. If you’re waiting in line, start thinking ahead； you can speed up the process by removing your watch and belt, pulling out your laptop，and separating your liquids before you reach the conveyor. This will get you and everyone behind you to the gates faster.
___47___
As airlines squeeze in more and more people per flight, passengers fight for the same compartment(隔层）.___48___，place your bag vertically (垂直地）rather than horizontally on the shelf. And only put one carry-on bag in the bin； the other one can fit in the open space under the seat in front of you.
Help your fellow traveler
While you’re loading your carry-on bags into the overhead compartment, offer to lift a fellow passenger’s up there，too.___49___ .
Be willing to swap seats with a family
Airlines sometimes block out certain seats or charge extra fees for adjacent (毗连的） ones，making it tough for family members to buy seats together. If you’re traveling alone, offer to switch seats so that a family can sit beside each other.___50___. But be sure to delay swapping until the plane has reached cruising altitude, as switching seats while everyone is boarding can be an inconvenience for those standing in the walkways.
A. Board and pack politely
B. Fill your limited space
C. If you do，strike up a conversation
D. It’s a kind gesture that they won’t forget
E. Proper flying etiquette begins before you even board the plane F.To maximize room in the overhead compartment for other travelers
G. Not only is it kind, but it could make the boarding process more efficient for everyone else
【答案】46. E 47. A
48. F 49. G
50. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。对乘客乘坐飞机时的礼貌问题，作者提出了几点建议。
【46题详解】
根据后文“Have your boarding pass and ID ready as you approach airport security.”（当你接近机场安检时，就提前准备好你的登机牌和身份证。）可知本段强调在你登机前，你就要开始准备相关的手续，这也是正确的飞行礼仪，故选E。
【47题详解】
本句为小标题，根据下文“As airlines squeeze in more and more people per flight, passengers fight for the same compartment.”（随着航空公司每趟航班的乘客越来越多，乘客们为了同一个隔层而争抢座位。）可知本段主要围绕登机时个人行李的摆放问题进行展开，可对应到A选项中的pack，故选A。
【48题详解】
根据下文“place your bag vertically (垂直地）rather than horizontally on the shelf”把行李垂直而不是平行地放在行李架上，这么做是为了最大化地利用头顶的行李隔舱，故选F。
【49题详解】
本句位于段尾，起总结作用。上文提到了帮助其他乘客摆放行李，本句说明这样做的原因是：这不仅是友善的表现，也会提高整个登机过程的效率。故选G。
【50题详解】
根据上文“If you’re traveling alone, offer to switch seats so that a family can sit beside each other.”如果你独自旅行，给以家庭为单位的乘客提供换座便利，下文应是对此进行评论：这是一种他们不会忘记的友好行为。且family对应到D选项中的they，故选D。
第三部分：书面表达(共两节，35分)
第一节（15分）
51.假设你是红星中学学生会主席李华，你校交换生Jim在给你的email中提到他对学生会组织的活动感兴趣，并希望你给他提供一项适合他参加的活动。请你给Jim回邮件，内容包括：
1. 活动名称及意图；
2. 活动具体安排；
3. 邀请他参加。
注意：1. 词数不少于50；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I am so happy to know that you are interested in the activities that the Students’ Union will organize.
Next Saturday, there will be a field trip to the Olympic Forest Park. Students will be walking 5km there. We will meet at 8 at the gate of the park and start our walking. All students will wear the T-shirts with our special logo. At the end of the activity we will take a group picture.
I strongly recommend it. I believe it is a good way to get close to nature, work out, have fun and promote the relationship. It will help you know more about your companions. What’s more, it is wonderful to exercise while enjoying the great view.
Please join us!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
这是一篇命题作文。文章内容要点已经给出。同学们在写这篇文章时，要注意以下几点：1.由于向Jin提供的活动发生在将来，所以通篇以一般将来时为主。
2.本题的要点只是简单的大纲。需要学生对其进行具体的阐述，充分发挥自身的想象力，写出具体的活动事件。
3.注意语气。要想成功邀请他参与这个活动，就要写出参与这个活动会给他带来什么好处，语气应该比较恳切，有说服力。
【范文亮点】1. I believe it is a good way to get close to nature, work out, have fun and promote the relationship.我相信这是亲近自然、在外工作、尽情玩耍以及促进友谊的好方法。（使用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰way，且是多个动词词组并列修饰，同学们要多学习这类表达）
2. What’s more, it is wonderful to exercise while enjoying the great view.此外，在欣赏美景的同时可以锻炼是非常棒的。（连接词what’s more的使用，起到了很好的逻辑连接作用；此外，采用了由while引导的复合句）
第二节（20分）
52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，以“Go Beyond Yourself”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件，记述你刻苦训练，成功通过体育测试长跑项目的过程。
注意：词数不少于60。
提示词：体育测试 Physical Fitness Test

Go Beyond Yourself
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Go Beyond Yourself
Last week, I successfully passed the Physical Fitness Test.
During a PE class one month ago, our teacher informed us that we would take the test on April 12th. Upon hearing the news, I felt my heart sink, wondering how rough the way ahead would be. However, I had to face it. Every day after school, I went to the playground and practiced the 1000-meter run, which was always a nightmare for me. Each time when my legs almost gave out and an inner voice lured me to give up, my teachers and classmates were always around me, comforting me and encouraging me. Their positive words and running figures pushed me forward.
Then finally came the test day. As the starting gun sounded for the race to begin, I called upon all my body’s strength and speed. I ran with purpose. After enduring the long run, I approached the finish line. Quickening my steps, I was confident and hopeful. The moment I rounded the last turn, I knew I had made it. After crossing the finish line, I was so overjoyed to see my cheering classmates. I received their celebratory high-fives proudly and tears of happiness streamed down my cheeks, as my teacher shook my hand.
From this experience, I have learned that I should face my fears bravely and appreciate those who are always willing to help me, making me a better person.
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇图画类作文。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为写一篇记叙文；请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，以“Go Beyond Yourself”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件，记述你刻苦训练，成功通过体育测试长跑项目的过程。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：the Physical Fitness Test（体育测试），rough（艰苦），give out（筋疲力尽），lure（引诱）；figures（名人）；with purpose（决心；目的）；Quicken（加快）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。
【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如Upon hearing the news, I felt my heart sink, wondering how rough the way ahead would be. upon“一……就……”；Every day after school, I went to the playground and practiced the 1000-meter run, which was always a nightmare for me.非限定性定语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。